“The Sitrep”. a Final Edition, for 2019, Is Planned for December – Perhaps to Include a Bit More Humour and News Before the “Silly Season” Reaches Its Conclusion
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Bush War Rhodesia 1966-1980 Free
FREE BUSH WAR RHODESIA 1966-1980 PDF Peter Baxter | 72 pages | 19 Jul 2014 | Helion & Company | 9781909982376 | English | Solihull, United Kingdom Bush War Rhodesia | i-go-books Lancaster House Agreement. The war and its subsequent Internal Settlementsigned in by Smith and Muzorewa, led to the implementation of universal suffrage in June and the end of white minority rule in Rhodesia, which was renamed Zimbabwe Rhodesia under a black majority government. However, this new order failed to win international recognition and the war continued. Neither side achieved a military victory and a compromise was later reached. The country returned temporarily to British control and new elections were held under British and Commonwealth supervision in March ZANU won the election and Mugabe became the first Prime Minister of Zimbabwe on 18 Aprilwhen the country achieved internationally recognised independence. The origin of Bush War Rhodesia 1966-1980 war in Rhodesia can be traced to the conquest of the region by the British South Africa Company in the late 19th century, and the dissent of native leaders who opposed foreign rule. Britain's unwillingness to compromise led to Rhodesia's unilateral declaration of independence UDI on 11 November Although Rhodesia had the private support of neighbouring South Africa and Portugalwhich still owned Mozambiqueit never gained formal diplomatic recognition from any country. Although the vote in Rhodesia was constitutionally open to all, regardless of race, property requirements left many blacks unable to participate. Amidst this backdrop, African nationalists advocated armed struggle to bring about black rule, primarily denouncing the wealth disparity between the races. Cold War politics played into the conflict. -
Dealing with the Crisis in Zimbabwe: the Role of Economics, Diplomacy, and Regionalism
SMALL WARS JOURNAL smallwarsjournal.com Dealing with the Crisis in Zimbabwe: The Role of Economics, Diplomacy, and Regionalism Logan Cox and David A. Anderson Introduction Zimbabwe (formerly known as Rhodesia) shares a history common to most of Africa: years of colonization by a European power, followed by a war for independence and subsequent autocratic rule by a leader in that fight for independence. Zimbabwe is, however, unique in that it was once the most diverse and promising economy on the continent. In spite of its historical potential, today Zimbabwe ranks third worst in the world in “Indicators of Instability” leading the world in Human Flight, Uneven Development, and Economy, while ranking high in each of the remaining eight categories tracked (see figure below)1. Zimbabwe is experiencing a “brain drain” with the emigration of doctors, engineers, and agricultural experts, the professionals that are crucial to revitalizing the Zimbabwean economy2. If this was not enough, 2008 inflation was running at an annual rate of 231 million percent, with 80% of the population lives below the poverty line.3 Figure 1: Source: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4350&page=0 1 Foreign Policy, “The Failed States Index 2008”, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4350&page=0, (accessed August 29, 2008). 2 The Fund for Peace, “Zimbabwe 2007.” The Fund for Peace. http://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=280&Itemid=432 (accessed September 30, 2008). 3 BBC News, “Zimbabwean bank issues new notes,” British Broadcasting Company. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7642046.stm (accessed October 3, 2008). -
Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr. -
The Isaian November December Issue
NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2018 CONTENTS Message from the Clergy 2-3 Annual Giving Appeal 4-5 VP of Community Affairs 8 Shabbat Schedule 15 Each lifetime is the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. For some there are more pieces. For others the puzzle is more difficult to assemble. Some seem to be born with a nearly completed puzzle. And so it goes. Souls going this way and that, Trying to assemble the myriad parts. But know this. No one has within themselves All the pieces to their puzzle. Like before the days when they used to seal Jigsaw puzzles in cellophane, insuring that All the pieces were there. Everyone carries with them at least one and probably Many pieces to someone else’s puzzle. Sometimes they know it. Sometimes they don’t. And when you present your piece Which is worthless to you, To another, whether you know it or not, Whether they know it or not, You are a messenger from the Most High. -- Rabbi Lawrence Kushner 2 | THE ISAIAN NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2018 In his book, “Honey From the Rock,” Rabbi Larry Kushner uses the imagery of puzzle pieces to illustrate our capacity to connect, to encourage, to strengthen and to support one another. “There must have been a time when you entered a room and met someone and after a while you understood that unknown to either of you there was a reason you had met. You had changed the other and he had changed you.” At Temple Isaiah, our commitment to you is that we create space for these precious moments of connection and transformation. -
An Interview with Peter Godwin by John Noonan
SMALL WARS JOURNAL smallwarsjournal.com An Interview with Peter Godwin by John Noonan Sometimes the most effective COIN lessons are found in the strangest of places. Some time ago, while researching Zimbabwe’s staggering collapse under the Robert Mugabe regime, I stumbled upon When a Crocodile Eats the Sun – a deeply moving memoir of Zimbabwe’s corrosive rot, told by native Zimbabwean reporter, Mr. Peter Godwin. Godwin spun his tale with an enviably smooth narration, blending microcosmic personal tragedies with macrocosmic political and economic failures into a sad, powerful account of a functional nation-state’s collapse. When I finished reading, I wanted more. Digging into Godwin’s Amazon.com author history, I came across Mukiwa, the fascinating autobiography of a white boy growing up in colonial Africa (and winner of the Orwell Prize for political writing). Mukiwa spans multiple governments in a single country, as Godwin’s wonderfully interesting experiences stretch from Rhodesia as a British Crown Colony, to an international pariah, to an undeclared Republic, an unrecognized hybrid state in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia, and finally to Mugabe’s Zimbabwe. While Mukiwa isn’t necessarily a war memoir (though Godwin did spend much of his career as a war correspondent), several chapters are dedicated to his time serving with the British South Africa Police during the Rhodesian Bush War. So poignant were the stories from Godwin’s tour, I sent a copy to a close friend serving in Afghanistan. He too was taken with how simply and effectively Godwin laid out basic COIN principles, so much so that he had his NCOs read the chapters that I had bookmarked. -
The Rhodesiana Society C
The Past is Our Country: History and the Rhodesiana Society c. 1953-19701 David Kenrick, University of Oxford2 This paper uses the work of an amateur historical society - the Rhodesiana Society – as a lens to explore the racialised nature of attempts to define a white Rhodesian identity in the crucial post-war period of 1953-1970. It builds upon the existing corpus of work on history and national identity, moving beyond the more traditional sites in which historical discourse is produced – academia and the state – looking instead at how individuals in private organisations sought to use the past to shore up identities in the present. It does so using the particularly interesting example of a British settler colony in the late twentieth century, where minority rule was being upheld even as the rest of the continent entered the first stages of its post-colonial life. The paper focuses in particular on discourses of imperial legitimation which stemmed from the earliest history of white British/South African settlement in the colony. Historical work and narratives exploring early conflicts with Africans, specifically the 1896 Mashona and Matabele rebellions, served to legitimate the continued white presence by having shown that they had ‘won’ the country with their own blood. These histories also used techniques of historical silencing, culturally reinforcing the social, legal, and economic segregation which ascribed to Rhodesia’s Africans a state of permanent subservience and anonymity. The paper also suggests how these sanitised narratives of Victorian (white) heroism may have resonated with white Rhodesians in the 1960s, embroiled as they were in their own slowly escalating guerrilla war. -
Rhodesiana Volume 39
THOMAS MEIKLE, 1862-1939 The founder of the Meikle Organisation sailed from Scotland with his parents in 1869. The family settled in Natal where Thomas and his brothers John and Stewart gained their first farming ex perience. In 1892 the three brothers set off for Rhodesia with eight ox- wagons. Three months later they had completed the 700 mile trek to Fort Victoria. Here they opened a store made of whisky cases and roofed over with the tarpaulins that had covered their wagons. Progress was at first slow, nevertheless, branches were opened in Salisbury in 1893, Bulawayo and Gwelo in 1894, and in Umtali in 1897. From these small beginnings a vast network of stores, hotels, farms, mines and auxilliary undertakings was built up. These ventures culminated in the formation of the Thomas Meikle Trust and Investment Company in 1933. The success of these many enterprises was mainly due to Thomas Meikle's foresight and his business acumen, coupled with his ability to judge character and gather around him a loyal and efficient staff. His great pioneering spirit lives on: today the Meikle Organisation is still playing an important part in the development of Rhodesia. THOMAS MEIKLE TRUST AND INVESTMENT CO. (PVT.) LIMITED. Travel Centre Stanley Avenue P.O. Box 3598 Salisbury RHODESIANA Publication No. 39 — September 1978 THE RHODESIANA SOCIETY Salisbury Rhodesia Edited by W. V. BRELSFORD Assisted by E. E. BURKE, M.L.M. Copyright is reserved by the Society Authors are responsible for their own opinions and for the accuracy of statements they make. ISSN 0556—9605 Printed by Mardon Printers (Private) Limited, Salisbury, Rhodesia SPECIAL JUBILEE ISSUE CONTENTS September 1978 Page THE 1978 SILVER JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS, 12TH TO 14TH MAY 1 THE SYMPOSIUM 6 THE LECTURES : ORAL TRADITIONS: SOME SPECULATIONS, BY J. -
Rhodesiana 19
PUBLICATION No. 19 DECEMBER, 1968 The Standard Bank Limited, Que Que 1968 THE PIONEER HEAD KINGSTONS LIMITED have pleasure in announcing a new venture, the re-issue of rare and elusive books of outstanding Rhodesian interest, under the imprint of the PIONEER HEAD, and through the medium of photolithography. It is also intended to publish original works of merit, of Rhodesian origin, when these are available. The first volume, in what will be known as the HERITAGE SERIES, will be the much sought-after classic, AFRICAN NATURE NOTES AND REMINISCENCES, by Frederick Courteney Selous. MR. FRANK E. READ, F.R.P.S., F.I.I.P., F.R.S.A., will be Book Architect for the whole series, and the Publishers believe that this will ensure a standard of book production never before achieved in this country. Since both the Ordinary and Collector's Editions will be strictly limited, the Publishers recommend that you place your order now. Copies can be ordered from the PIONEER HEAD, P.O. Box 591, Salisbury, or from your local Bookseller. THE REPRINT: AFRICAN NATURE NOTES AND REMINISCENCES A complete facsimile reproduction of the text of the First Edition of 1908, with the original illustrations by Edmund Caldwell, but with an additional colour frontispiece, never previously reproduced, being a portrait of Selous by Dickin son. New endpapers, reproducing, in facsimile, a letter from Selous to J. G. Millais, Author and Illustrator of "A Breath from the Veldt", and Selous' Biographer. THE EDITIONS: ORDINARY EDITION: Bound in full Buckram, identical to the original binding, lettered gilt on spine and with blind-blocking, top edge trimmed and stained. -
Thesis Capstone Project-Conflict Dynamics
Author: Willem Verdaasdonk Co-Authors: Wessel van Beelen and Ricardo Neefjes S1223194 Alister Reed Wednesday 24th August 2016 Total Word Count: 50025 Page Count: 152 Joint work Pages: 1-43, 112-152 Masters Thesis conflict Analysis Thesis capstone project-conflict dynamics 1 Abstract This capstone thesis aims to study what factors play a role before and during a conflict and how conflicts move from one conflict phase to the next. This particular thesis uses the case study of the Rhodesian Bush War a conflict waged from 1965 to 1980 in the now know republic of Zimbabwe. This thesis starts by giving a general overview of the entire conflict by looking at the role of the Rhodesian government, military as well as the political and military developments of both guerrilla movements (ZAPU/ZANU). After which an analysis will be done based on the criteria of the capstone project (context, state, and non-state) focusing on the factors that influenced the conflict, and coming to a general conclusion. After which a joint analysis and conclusion will be presented to see the similarities in two other case studies conducted for this capstone project, these being the Troubles in Northern Ireland and the Sendero in Peru. 2 Content 1. Joint introduction……………………………….……5 2. Literature review……………………………….…….7 • 2.1 Underlying theories……………………….…….7 • 2.2 General definitions…………………….………..8 • 2.3 Latent conflict…………………………………..12 • 2.4 Conflict emergence……………………….…….14 • 2.5 Conflict escalation……………………….……..19 • 2.6 Stalemate………………………………….…….20 • 2.7 Conflict De-escalation……………………….….22 • 2.8 Dispute settlement………………………………25 • 2.9 Peace building…………………………………..28 3. Research methodology……………………………….….31 • 3.1 Central research question……………………….31 • 3.2 Quantiative vs qualitative……………………….31 • 3.3 Historical research analysis……………………..32 • 3.4 Analytical Framework………………………..…33 • 3.5 Method of Data-gathering………………………40 4. -
Report, Volume 9
Report West Point Undergraduate Historical Review Volume 9 Spring 2019 Report West Point Undergraduate Historical Review Volume 9 Spring 2019 Report, 1 Report West Point Undergraduate Historical Review Volume 9, Spring 2019 Editors Daniel Berardino (2020) Editor-in-Chief Military History Helen Burleigh (2019) Assistant Editor International History Morgan Conrow (2019) American History Gregory Brookover (2020) Military History Andrew Carter (2020) Military History Mike Avallone (2020) American History Collin Keogh (2021) American History Brandi Braggs (2021) American History Cameron Hay (2021) American History Report, 2 Copyright and photocopying © 2019 Department of History United States Military Academy West Point, New York 10996 Acknowledgments The Editorial Board would like to thank the faculty of the History Department for their submission recommendations, all the students who submitted papers, and Captain Alexander Humes for his advice and guidance on historical scholarship. Without their help, Report would not have been possible. About The Review Report is a non-profit publication produced by undergraduate cadets at the United States Military Academy. It accepts and encourages submissions from undergraduates in the fall and spring. Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is prohibited. On The Internet https://www.usma.edu/academics/academic- departments/history/history-journal Disclaimer The contents of Report, including words, images, and opinions, are unofficial and are not to be considered as the official views of the United States Military Academy, the United States Army, or the Department of Defense. Readers accept and agree to this disclaimer in the use of any information obtained from Report. Report, 3 Letter from The Editor Dear Reader, This year the Report editorial staff is pleased to present the spring edition of our journal. -
British Government Policy and Diplomacy in Southern Rhodesia, 1979-1980
British government policy and diplomacy in Southern Rhodesia, 1979-1980 Jack Brailsford MA by Research University of York History December 2016 Abstract This thesis focuses on the use of policy and diplomacy by the British government in Southern Rhodesia during 1979-1980. In particular, the necessity of combining short- term flexibility and contingency alongside long-term policy planning during this period will be explored. In order to do so, this thesis uses documents from the British National Archives, in particular files from the Prime Minister's Office (PREM) and the Cabinet Office (CAB). These documents, released in 2011, allow for a close examination of the issues faced by the British government in achieving long term goals whilst circumventing short term crises. This is due to their thorough documentation of high- level political decisions within the British government and their chronological approach, which offers an insight into the ways in which priorities and alliances shifted over time. This work will contribute to the existing material and knowledge on the subject due to its ability to use these recently released documents, which provide a more in-depth insight into high level British government political decisions on Rhodesia than had previously been available. By utilising these within a chronological approach, this work aims to show the development of long-term British government policy in Rhodesia and the ways in which emerging crises and changing relationships affected this. 2 Contents Abstract: Page 2 Contents: Page -
University of the Witwatersrand
UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND AFRICAN STUDIES INSTITUTE African Studies Seminar Paper to be presented in RW 4.00pm AUGUST 1982 Title: The Making of Colonial Zimbabwe, Speculation and Violence 1890-1902. by: Ian Phimister No. 122 •UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND AFRICAN STUDIES INSTITUTE African Studies Seminar Paper to be presented at Seminar in RW 319 at 4.00 pm on Monday, the 16th August, 1982. THE MAKING OF COLONIAL ZIMBABWE, SPECULATION AND VIOLENCE 1890-1902. Ian Phimister NOTE This paper does not follow the usual seminar format as it is a chapter out of a forthcoming book by Dr. Phimister. ************************ THE MAKING OF COLONIAL ZIMBABWE: SPECULATION AND VIOLENCE 1890-1902 Ian Phimister 'The relationship between a good or bad share market on the one side and a British Colony in the stage of tender infancy on the other is to be studied, if anywhere, in this country of Rhodesia, Rhodesia is a country which, . almost avowedly is intended to be built up, or at least forced upward, by aid. of gold mining and land dealing on the £1 share limited lia- bility principle1 {Rhodesia Herald, 1898) The immediate genesis of colonial Zimbabwe grew out of the discovery of the main gold reef on the T-Jitwatersrand in 1886. When news of the find reached the diamond mining centre of Kimberley, reaction was mixed. Some entrepreneurs, particularly those bruised in the on-going fight to amalga- mate the diamond industry, made their way as fast as possible to the Rand. Others, with much less reason to gamble, like Cecil Rhodes, held back.