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Google, the Media Patron – How the Digital Giant Ensnares Journalism

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Google, the Media Patron – How the Digital Giant Ensnares Journalism OBS-Arbeitsheft 103 Alexander Fanta/Ingo Dachwitz Fanta/Dachwitz – Google, the media patron the media – Google, Fanta/Dachwitz OBS-Arbeitsheft 103 OBS-Arbeitsheft 103 OBS-Arbeitsheft Google, the media patron How the digital giant ensnares journalism Google, the media patron How the digital giant ensnares journalism A project of the Otto Brenner Foundation (OBS) www.otto-brenner-stiftung.de Frankfurt am Main 2020 OBS-Arbeitsheft 103 Aktuelle Ergebnisse der Forschungsförderung ISSN-Print: 1863-6934 Die Otto Brenner Stiftung … in der Reihe „OBS-Arbeitshefte“ ISSN-Online: 2365-2314 ... ist die gemeinnützige Wissen- ... veröffentlicht die Ergebnisse schaftsstiftung der IG Metall. Sie ihrer Forschungsförderung in der hat ihren Sitz in Frankfurt am Reihe „OBS-Arbeitshefte“ oder OBS-Arbeitsheft 103 Publisher: Main. Als Forum für gesellschaft- als Arbeitspapiere (nur online). Ingo Dachwitz, Alexander Fanta liche Diskurse und Einrichtung Otto Brenner Foundation (OBS) Die Arbeitshefte werden, wie auch Medienmäzen Google der Forschungsförderung ist sie alle anderen Publikationen der Wie der Datenkonzern den Journalismus umgarnt Jupp Legrand dem Ziel der sozialen Gerechtig- OBS, kostenlos abgegeben. Über keit verpflichtet. Besonderes Au- die Homepage der Stiftung kön- Wilhelm-Leuschner-Straße 79 genmerk gilt dabei dem Ausgleich OBS-Arbeitsheft 102* nen sie auch elektronisch bestellt Wolfgang Schroeder, Samuel Greef u.a. D-60329 Frankfurt am Main zwischen Ost und West. werden. Vergriffene Hefte halten Bedrängte Zivilgesellschaft von rechts Tel.: 069-6693-2810 ... initiiert den gesellschaftli- wir als PDF zum Download bereit. Interventionsversuche und Reaktionsmuster Fax: 069-6693-2786 chen Dialog durch Veranstaltun- gen, Workshops und Koopera- ... freut sich über jede ideelle Un- OBS-Arbeitsheft 101* E-Mail: [email protected] tionsveranstaltungen (z. B. im terstützung ihrer Arbeit. Aber wir Leif Kramp, Stephan Weichert Herbst die OBS-Jahrestagungen), sind auch sehr dankbar, wenn die Nachrichten mit Perspektive www.otto-brenner-stiftung.de organisiert Konferenzen, lobt Arbeit der OBS materiell gefördert Lösungsorientierter und konstruktiver Journalismus jährlich den „Brenner-Preis für wird. in Deutschland kritischen Journalismus“ aus, In cooperation with the fördert wissenschaftliche Unter- ... ist zuletzt durch Bescheid des OBS-Arbeitsheft 100* German Trade Union Confederation suchungen zu sozialen, arbeits- Finanzamtes Frankfurt am Main V Tim Engartner markt- und gesellschaftspoliti- (-Höchst) vom 29. Mai 2018 als Wie DAX-Unternehmen Schule machen (DGB). schen Themen, vergibt Kurzstudi- ausschließlich und unmittelbar Lehr- und Lernmaterial als Türöffner für Lobbyismus en und legt aktuelle Analysen vor. gemeinnützig anerkannt worden. Aufgrund der Gemeinnützigkeit OBS-Arbeitsheft 99* Authors: ... informiert regelmäßig mit ei- der Otto Brenner Stiftung sind Tobias Gostomzyk, Daniel Moßbrucker nem Newsletter über Projekte, Spenden steuerlich absetzbar „Wenn Sie das schreiben, verklage ich Sie!“ Alexander Fanta Publikationen, Termine und Ver- Studie zu präventiven Anwaltsstrategien c/o netzpolitik.org anstaltungen. bzw. begünstigt. gegenüber Medien Schönhauser Allee 6/7 OBS-Arbeitsheft 98* D-10119 Berlin Unterstützen Sie unsere Arbeit, Lutz Frühbrodt, Annette Floren E-Mail: [email protected] Unboxing YouTube z. B. durch eine zweckgebundene Spende Im Netzwerk der Profis und Profiteure Spenden erfolgen nicht in den Vermögensstock der Stiftung, sie werden OBS-Arbeitsheft 97* Ingo Dachwitz ausschließlich und zeitnah für die Durchführung der Projekte entsprechend dem Verwendungszweck genutzt. Wolfgang Schroeder, Stefan Fuchs c/o netzpolitik.org Neue Mitglieder für die Gewerkschaften Schönhauser Allee 6/7 Bitte nutzen Sie folgende Spendenkonten: Mitgliederpolitik als neues Politikfeld der IG Metall Für Spenden mit zweckgebundenem Verwendungszweck zur Förderung von D-10119 Berlin Wissenschaft und Forschung zum Schwerpunkt: OBS-Arbeitsheft 96* E-Mail: [email protected] • Förderung der internationalen Gesinnung und Rainer Faus, Simon Storks des Völkerverständigungsgedankens Im vereinten Deutschland geboren – Both authors contributed equally to this study. in den Einstellungen gespalten? Bank: HELABA Frankfurt/Main OBS-Studie zur ersten Nachwendegeneration IBAN: DE11 5005 0000 0090 5460 03 BIC: HELA DE FF OBS-Arbeitsheft 95* Editing and Project Management: Bernd Gäbler Benedikt Linden (OBS) AfD und Medien Für Spenden mit zweckgebundenem Verwendungszweck zur Förderung von Erfahrungen und Lehren für die Praxis Pauline Frankenberger (OBS) Terms of use: Wissenschaft und Forschung zu den Schwerpunkten: Marion Knappe (DGB) This publication may only be passed on – as well as made • Angleichung der Arbeits- und Lebensverhältnisse in Ost- und OBS-Arbeitsheft 94* publicly available – by third parties for non-commercial Westdeutschland (einschließlich des Umweltschutzes) Olaf Hoffjahn, Oliver Haidukiewicz • Entwicklung demokratischer Arbeitsbeziehungen in Mittel- und Deutschlands Blogger Design: thinkandact-mainz.de purposes in the field of scientific research and advice. This Osteuropa Die unterschätzten Journalisten may be done exclusively in the version published by the • Verfolgung des Zieles der sozialen Gerechtigkeit OBS-Arbeitsheft 93* Otto Brenner Foundation and the DGB. Michael Haller Translation: lingolinx.de Bank: HELABA Frankfurt/Main IBAN: DE86 5005 0000 0090 5460 11 Die „Flüchtlingskrise“ in den Medien BIC: HELA DE FF Tagesaktueller Journalismus zwischen Cover: Kwennie Cheng The “OBS-Arbeitshefte” document the results of the Otto Meinung und Information Brenner Foundation’s research funding and make them Geben Sie bitte Ihre vollständige Adresse auf dem Überweisungsträger an, Editorial deadline: 28 July 2020 available to the public. The authors are responsible for damit wir Ihnen nach Eingang der Spende eine Spendenbescheinigung zu- * Printfassung leider vergriffen; Download weiterhin möglich. senden können. Oder bitten Sie in einem kurzen Schreiben an die Stiftung the content. unter Angabe der Zahlungsmodalitäten um eine Spendenbescheinigung. We would like to thank the Hans Böckler Foundation Verwaltungsrat und Geschäftsführung der Otto Brenner Stiftung danken für die finanzielle Unterstützung und versichern, dass die Spenden ausschließ- Diese und weitere Publikationen der OBS finden Sie unter www.otto-brenner-stiftung.de for the Support in publishing “OBS-Arbeitsheft 103”. lich für den gewünschten Verwendungszweck genutzt werden. Otto Brenner Stiftung | Wilhelm-Leuschner-Straße 79 | D-60329 Frankfurt/Main Contents Contents 1 Introduction: an unprecedented charm offensive ...................................................... 3 2 The newspaper crisis and its consequences ............................................................. 6 2.1 Press independence in the market economy ....................................................................6 2.2 Google in good company: the new patrons of the media ..................................................9 2.3 Platforms and publishers: competition or cooperation? ................................................. 12 2.4 A challenge to independence .........................................................................................15 2.5 Interim summary: three dimensions of press independence ........................................... 18 3 Study design ..........................................................................................................19 3.1 Research questions ...................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Standardised survey on product relationships ..............................................................20 3.3 Digital News Innovation Fund data analysis ................................................................... 21 3.4 Guided interviews with digital journalists and managers ............................................... 23 3.5 Interview with Google managers ...................................................................................26 4 History and structure of Google’s news initiatives ...................................................27 4.1 A political backdrop ......................................................................................................28 4.2 Google’s European funding operations: the Digital News Initiative (DNI) ........................ 31 4.3 Worldwide funding: the Google News Initiative (GNI) ..................................................... 33 4.4 Philanthropy and self-interest ...................................................................................... 35 4.5 Interim summary: funding programmes under political auspices ................................... 37 5 Media funding with the Digital News Innovation Fund ............................................. 39 5.1 Results of the DNI Fund data analysis ............................................................................39 5.2 How DNI projects work in practice ..................................................................................51 5.3 Impact on independence ............................................................................................... 56 5.4 Interim summary: Google’s millions for the media industry are not without consequence ........................................................................................ 63 1 Google, the media patron 6 Conferences, training, fellowships ........................................................................
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