Samira Makhmalbaf

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Samira Makhmalbaf Samira Makhmalbaf Hun debuterede som teenager og blev med sin anden film, Blackboards, Cannes-festivalens yngste prisvinder nogensinde. I en alder af blot 21 år er Samira Makhmalbaf en af hovedfigurerne i den igangværende iranske kulturrevolution Da Samira M akhmalbaf (f. 1980) modtog Heller ikke handlingen i Samira juryens pris for Blackboards (Takhté siah, Makhmalbafs anden film, Blackboards, 2000) ved sidste års Cannes festival (i stiller de store krav til Fortolker Holger. øvrigt delt med svenske Roy Andersson Filmen udspilles i de uvejsomme kurdiske for Sange fra anden sal), kvitterede hun bjerge, hvor en flok arbejdsløse lærere dri­ ved at levere præmieceremoniens mest ver rundt med hver deres skoletavle på bevægede takketale, hvor hun grådkvalt ryggen. Mændene leder alle efter en lands­ hyldede “de unge mennesker, der kæmper by, der er villig til at ansætte fremmede for demokratiet i Iran”. lærerkræfter. Jo, filmmediet spiller skam en vigtig Makhmalbaf zoomer ind på to mænd, politisk rolle i et land, hvor den folkevalg­ der ad forskellige veje ender ved den te præsident, Mohammad Khatami, over iransk-irakiske grænse. Lærerne får fire år efter sin indsættelse end ikke har næsten ikke ført kridtet til tavlerne, der til formået at implementere grundloven. I gengæld er gode at søge ly bag, mens heli­ december kastede den populære kultur­ koptere overflyver landskabet og skudsal­ minister - og filmfolkets værge - Attaolah ver gjalder mellem bjergene. Undervejs i Mohajerani håndklædet i ringen og forlod historien bruges den enkelte tavle også sit embede i protest mod de konservative som båre, tørrestativ og medgift i et hur­ mullaher og ayatollaher, der med stor suc­ tigt improviseret bryllup, mens den med­ ces har forhindret Khatami i at indfri sine bragte lærdom i allerhøjeste grad preller af mange løfter om reformer. Det kulturelle på de nomader, smuglere og andet godt­ tøbrud synes lagt på is, og trods sejren ved folk, som de to lærere kommer i kontakt juni måneds præsidentvalg er der stadig med. Verden foretrækker at leve i uviden­ lang vej igen for de iranske demokratitil­ hed, lyder konklusionen. hængere. Alligevel fortsætter iranske instruktører Bag myndighedernes ryg. Blackboards med at flytte grænserne for, hvad der kan slutter ved landsbyen Halabachech, hvor formuleres på film. Siden Khomeini kom tusindvis af kurdere døde som ofre for til magten ved den islamiske revolution i Saddam Husseins kemiske giftangreb 1979, har landets film instruktører pri­ under krigen mellem Iran og Irak. mært måttet øve samfundskritik i allego­ Kurderne i dette grænseområde er - riens og metaforens form. Det gør de sta­ præcis som i nabolandet Tyrkiet - et folk, dig, men symbolikken bliver stadigt mere der er frarøvet deres eget land, og hvis håndfast. identitet primært er forankret i det kurdi- Samira Makhmalbaf Blackboards ske sprog, der i lange stræk også er filmens end ren og skær journalistik”, fortalte hun tungemål. The Guardian i december. Og her tænker “I Allahs navn” står der på forstrimlen til instruktøren ikke kun på Blackboards, alle iranske film, men ikke på Blackboards, men også på debutfilmen Æblet (Sib, der blev produceret bag de iranske myn­ 1998), der ligeledes vakte international digheders ryg - bl.a. finansieret af det itali­ opsigt - og ikke kun på grund af instruk­ enske tøjfirma Benetton, som på det sene­ tørens alder. ste har givet sin famøse fotograf og Samira Makhmalbaf var blot 18 år gam­ reklamemand Oliviero Toscani frie hæn­ mel, da hun instruerede den autentiske der til at boltre sig i filmmediet. historie om en gammel mand i Teheran, Efter succesen i Cannes, hvor Samira der holdt sine to døtre indespærret bag Makhmalbaf blev festivalens yngste pris­ hjemmets fire vægge i 12 år. “Mine børn vinder nogensinde, er Blackboards dog er som blomster. De må ikke udsættes for sluppet helskindet gennem den iranske solen, så visner de”, lød mandens begrun­ censur. Hvilket muligvis kan tilskrives delse - med udgangspunkt i Koranen. Da instruktørens meget diplomatiske frem­ myndighederne endelig fik tvangsfjernet færd. Samira Makhmalbaf er kommet til pigerne, var de nærmest autistiske og helt orde i en række vestlige medier, men hun uden sociale færdigheder. En del af ind­ har konsekvent undveget konkrete politi- tægterne fra Æblet, som også var i dansk 194 ske spørgsmål. “Mine film stikker dybere biografdistribution, går til en fond for de Samira Makhmalbaf to piger, der i øvrigt spillede sig selv i også har gjort filminstruktører af hendes Makhmalbafs særegne genre-hybrid. lillebror, Maysam Makhmalbaf (f. 1981) og tante, som begge debuterede på sidste En filmfamilie. Rent familiemæssigt kan års filmfestival i Venedig - sidstnævnte, Samira Makhmalbaf prise sig lykkelig over Marziyeh Meshkini, med den aldeles sin baggrund. Den unge instruktørs talent betagende The Day I Became a Woman kommer ikke fra fremmede. Samiras far (Roozi khe zan shodam, 2000). hedder Mohsen M akhmalbaf (f. 1957) og Da Æblet kom frem, var mange hurtige er lidt af en institution i Iran. I sin ung­ til at give faderen ansvaret for værket. dom var han svoren fundamentalist og Mohsen Makhmalbaf havde trods alt både undslap kun dødsstraf, fordi han blot var skrevet, klippet og produceret filmen. Med 17 år gammel, da han stak en betjent ned den mere ambitiøse Blackboards under­ med kniv! I stedet satte Shahen ham på en streger Samira Makhmalbaf imidlertid, at diæt bestående af lige dele fængsel og tor­ hun sagtens kan stå på egne ben. Faderen tur, men ligesom så mange andre politiske optræder stadig prominent på creditlisten, fanger blev han løsladt i kølvandet på den men under optagelserne har instruktøren islamiske revolution. Undervejs skiftede været ‘alene’ på arbejde. Mange af filmens han politisk og religiøst ståsted, og han underfundige optrin bærer tydeligt præg har siden begået mere end et dusin socialt af at være improviseret frem på location, og menneskeligt engagerede filmperler. gerne med direkte udgangspunkt i den De lokale myndigheder betragter stadig visuelle kontrast mellem de sorte skoletav­ Mohsen Makhmalbaf som lidt af en sten i ler og de stenede, jordfarvede kurdiske skoen. Da han i 1996 søgte den iranske bjerge. Ja, på sine steder resulterer dette regering om støtte til at starte landets helt surrealistiske møde mellem civilisati­ første filmskole, fik han afslag. Én farlig on og natur i tableauer, der havde været filminstruktør var alt rigeligt. Hundrede en billedkunstner værdig. til var ikke i myndighedernes interesse, At den unge Makhmalbaf tilmed har sat lød den uofficielle begrundelse, ifølge sig igennem i et land, hvor der hersker Makhmalbaf selv. I stedet åbnede han sin apartheid-lignende forhold mellem køn­ egen private filmskole - med venner og nene, og kvinder behandles som anden- familiemedlemmer som de første elever. rangs-borgere, gør blot bedriften dobbelt Datteren Samira var med på det første imponerende. hold, og hun har for længst demonstreret kvaliteten af faderens undervisning, der Kim Foss 195 Samira Makhtnalbaf Filmografi Samira Makhmalbaf 1998 SibA/Eblet 2000 Takhte siah/Blackboards Mohsen Makhmalbaf 1983 Tobeh Nosuh 1984 Este’azeh/Fleeing from Evil to God 1984 Do Cheshme Bisoo/Two Blind Eyes 1985 Zangha/Bells 1985 Baaykot/The Boycott 1987 Dastforoush/The Peddler 1987 Bicycle-run/The Cyclist 1989 Arousi-e Khouban/Marriage of the Blessed 1990 Nobat-e Asheghi/Time of Love 1991 Shabhaye Zayendeh-Rood/The Nights of Zayandeh-Rood 1992 Nasseredin Shah, Actor-e Cinema/Once Upon a Time, Cinema 1993 Gozideh Tasvir Dar Doran-e Ghajar/Images From the Ghajar Dynasty 1993 Honarpisheh/The Actor 1995 Salaam Cinema 1996 Noon-o-goldun/A M oment of Innocence 1996 Gabbeh 1998 Sokhout/The Silence 1999 The Door 2001 Kandahar Maysam Makhmalbaf 196 2000 Samira cheghoneh ‘Takhte siah’ rol sakht/How Samira Made Blackboards.
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