A Psychologist Studies 'Shameless' Talk Shows, D She's Angry
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Media Watch A Psychologist Studies 'Shameless' Talk Shows, d She's Angry C. EUGENE EMERY, JR. / dated Siamese twins. can worry about your diet," said Abr. shows work. I slept with Bigfoot, too. She discovered it was no fluke. She She tried to do something. Abr w r o t e a two-page letter to Raphael Get me on Salty Jessy. concluded that talk shows: "outlining exactly what was wrong with Put me on Donahue. • Consistently play up the freakish what she was doing and how dangerous nature of human existence, giving it 'Cause I wanna tell the world about it it was." Abr never got a response. Right now.' national prominence and desensitizing Talk-show hosts like to say they get viewers to its social implications. As icki Abr vividly recalls the first viewers interested in important issues long as they are willing to talk, child time she tuned in to the "Sally facing society. Raphael's show did molesters, people with sexual quirks, VJessy Raphael" talk show. Abr exactly that. Abr, who studies how folks with criminal records become found the hostess warning viewers that moral principals are shaped by society recast on these shows as "victims," who her program that day was not for the and the media, got interested in can instantly amend for their sins by squeamish. Abr, a not-so-squeamish Raphael and her ilk. publicly confessing and apologizing to social psychologist at Penn State their victims. University, stuck around. My dog's a narcoleptic. • Provide a voyeuristic look at the "As I'm watching, she's showing a My mom's a circus freak. deepest personal secrets of dysfunction- videotape of a murder," said Abr. "The I gotta get a spot on al relationships or criminal acts, often kid was taped to a pole, they were Geraldo's show this week. without giving viewers the opportunity shooting him, they tortured him, and 'Cause I wanna tell the world about it or a feeling of obligation to help. While they shot him to death. The second Right now. some talk-show hosts passionately time they shot him, he moaned and I argue that they improve society by forc- knew it was real. 1 freaked out. I was Using that two-page letter to Raphael ing the public to confront uncomfort- screaming. I was crying. I said, 'I can't as an outline, Abr began a content analy- able issues that should be tackled, Abr says the argument is shallow and self- believe that she's showing mis. What is sis of 60 hours of television talk shows. serving. Real-life problems are solved the point of this?" The result was "The Shameless World of when flesh-and-blood people (who The more Abr thought about it— Phil, Sally and Oprah: Television Talk can't escape a problem by changing not just the violent images but the Shows and the Deconstructing of channels) get involved in the solution. absence of a constructive motive for Society," an essay written with Penn "The abstract concept of altruism is showing the tape—the angrier she State colleague Md Seesholtz and now grounded either in experiences that became. "It gets people upset, but it published in the Journal of Popular evoke empathy or in real physical con- doesn't tell them what to do pro- Culture, 28(no. 1), Summer 1994. sequences. Television talk shows create socially afterwards, except to turn to a "I thought maybe this (the Raphael an ersatz community, without any of commercial for Nutri/System so you show) was a fluke," said Abr, who also the social and personal responsibilities looked at how such hosts manipulate that are attached to real life." •Song lyrics by "Weird AT Yankovic. their audiences and how they make the 12 SKEPTICAL INQUIRER • JULY/AUGUST 1995 • Provide little or no reliable information to help viewers put what they are seeing into a rational, intellectually honest context, a con- clusion that will come as no surprise to SKEPTI- CAL INQUIRER readers concerned about the way the talk shows favor pseudoscience over seri- ous research. (See my column in the May- June issue, and Paul Kurtz's column in the January-February issue, for example.) In a pro- gram featuring "skin- heads," she wrote, "No one seriously attempted ing social barriers, inhibitions and cul- argued that "people watch TV with a to correct their inaccurate rendering of tural distinctions," she said in the open- built-in moral sense"), and groups of historical events, or challenge their ing paragraph of her essay. viewers from San Francisco, Atlanta, and reliance on pseudo-biology during their It was a powerful, topical, contro- Boston. Members of Oprah's Chicago diatribes against Jews and other, un- versial attack on some of the nation's audience alone had collectively watched related minority groups." best-known celebrities and the role 647 hours of talk shows in one week. Thus, Abr warned, talk shows are they play in society. It wasn't surprising Some audience members said they helping to misshape our culture by that Abr would be invited to get a first- simply watch such shows to be enter- misleading viewers. hand look at life on a talk show. tained. Others said they liked the pro- "Television talk shows create audi- grams because they believe the shows ences by breaking cultural rules, by My wife ran off with Elvis. provide important information. managed shocks, by shifting our con- My boss shaved off my hair. One teenager who expressed the lat- ceptions of what is acceptable, by trans- I've got a thing for poodles ter view went on to criticize how the forming our ideas about what is possi- And rubber underwear. shows portray teenagers as "all drug ble, by undermining the bases for cul- And I wanna tell the world about it addicts, dropouts, pregnant, or what tural judgment, by redefining deviance Right now. have you." It didn't seem to dawn on her and appropriate reactions to it, by erod- that if talk shows distort reality in an Abr knew better than to expect a area where she has some personal expe- Gene Emery is the science writer for the reserved, thoughtful debate of the rience, the genre might be giving unre- Providence Journal, 75 Fountain St., issues between the experts when she liable information in other areas as well. Providence, Rl 02902. "Talk Soup" lyrics agreed to discuss the points she raised With Abr pressing for talk shows to are from the "Weird Al" Yankovic album on "The Oprah Winfrey Show." She feature more debates among experts who "Alapalooza" and are reprinted with per- wasn't mistaken. actually know what they're talking mission. Abr's essay in the Journal of Instead of an intellectual dialogue, about, and Shales saying he'd "like to see Popular Culture (28, no. 1, Summer Oprah turned the program into the typ- more smart people on TV, fewer ordi- 1994) is available for$10 from Bowling ical talk-show spectacle, with too many nary people and more extraordinary Green State University Popular Press, guests and too little time for them to people," Winfrey closed the show by Bowling Green, OH 43403. Transcripts provide anything more than soundbites. lamenting that "a lot of times when it of the September 12 and 13, 1994, Joining Abr for the two-hour show, comes down to what people actually Oprah Winfrey shows and the February aired September 12 and 13, 1994, were watch, the very programs they criticize 7, 1995, Jerry Springer show are avail- Washington Post TV critic Tom Shales are the ones that get the highest ratings." able from Burrelle's Transcripts at 1-800- (who called talk shows "the new pornog- 777-TEXT. A transcript of the Sep- raphy of our time" because they turn the / had a close encounter. tember 16, 1994, '20/20' program is audience into voyeurs), People magazine 1 never chew my food available from Journal Graphics at T V critic David Hiltbrand (who called 1 got eleven nose jobs. 1-800-825-5746. Abr's conclusions "preposterous" and I yodel in the nude. SKEPTICAL INQUIRER • JULY/AUGUST 1995 13 And I wanna tell the world about it usually get to tell their stories on these any responsibility for Amedure's death. Right now. shows with a minimum of criticism. The program never aired. For example, hostess and fitness The murder may make talk-show Abr has not been alone in her criti- guru Susan Powter spent part of hosts and their producers reexamine cisms. February fawning over the "psychic" what they're doing, but probably not When "20/20" took a behind-the- Chat, showing how a box of burning for long. scenes look at talk shows, the ABC-TV herbs placed on the abdomen can help Jones's program began getting good news magazine (aired September 16, premenstrual syndrome sufferers, and ratings only after she began trying to 1994) revealed how one couple, trying to scare parents away from get- shock viewers and guests. The lesson Jennifer and Uriel Soto, managed to get ting their children vaccinated. isn't lost on the industry, which seems on three different shows with three dif- In another case, talkmeister Jerry ready to do almost anything to raise the ferent stories in a matter of weeks. On Springer brought a woman named level of sensationalism in hopes of "The Ricki Lake Show," they lied by Shannon onto his show so her husband attracting a bigger share of the audience. billing themselves as married cousins. could shock her on national TV with With 15 talk shows already on the Jennifer Soto said the show's producers the news that he had a long-standing air, television executives hawking new never asked any questions.