Page 1 UCSD Emeriti Association 214 University Center, UCSD La Jolla, California 92093-0002 Chronicles Newsletter of the UCSD Emeriti Association

Volume V, No. 1 September 2005

RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED Frontiers of Medicine “The Cholesterol Wars:” How the Won

anyway, why bother your head? So the met with great skepticism. What the discovery of the drugs, drugs that skeptics failed to consider is that no SEPTEMBER 2005 lower cholesterol levels dramatically one was proposing to block cholesterol and safely (by inhibiting the body’s own synthesis completely; that very well synthesis of cholesterol), played a major might be bad. But if you could titrate the role in ending “The Great Cholesterol dose of the inhibitor so as to achieve a Controversy.” lowering of blood cholesterol without First, it was necessary to overcome reducing the amount of intracellular concerns about the feasibility and safety cholesterol needed for optimal health, —by Daniel Steinberg, of inhibiting the natural synthesis of you might have a novel way to correct M.D., Ph.D. cholesterol. The human body can hypercholesterolemia. Emeritus Professor of Medicine Chronicles make all the cholesterol it needs by That was the gist of the proposal breaking down other foodstuffs (fats put forward in the early 1950s by Jean Mark Your Calendar! n an earlier issue of this newsletter, Newsletter of the UCSD Emeriti Association and carbohydrates) and converting Cottet and his collaborators in France I briefl y chronicled the uphill battle I the fragments into cholesterol. In fact, and by Steinberg and Fredrickson here. waged through the 20th century to Wednesday, October 19 most people make as much cholesterol However, neither group came up with a convince the medical profession that every day as they consume in their diet. clinically effective compound. It turned a high blood cholesterol level was a Price Center (Room TBA) Because of this ability to manufacture out that the drug introduced by Cottet major cause of heart attacks. Many Briefi ng (3:30 - 4:00) followed (4:00 - 5:30) by Editorial Board cholesterol, the body does not rely on and coworkers (alpha-phenylbutyric in the fi eld were convinced of this as cholesterol in the diet; cholesterol is not acid) was inhibiting the incorporation Sanford Lakoff Editor early as the 1960s but only in 1984 did an essential foodstuff. of a radioactively labeled precursor into the National Institutes of Health fi nally Offi cers However, while cholesterol in the cholesterol but not actually blocking net make it an offi cial public health goal to diet is not essential, the presence of production of cholesterol molecules. Mary Corrigan President lower cholesterol levels to prevent heart cholesterol in all the cells of the body Steinberg and Fredrickson, following Jack Fisher Vice President/President Elect disease. My book in preparation, The Colin Bloor Secretary-Treasurer is. What if you had a low dietary up on observations made by Tomkins, Cholesterol Wars, explores the several cholesterol intake and in addition took Sheppard and Chaikoff at Berkeley, Executive Council reasons for the initial reluctance of the a drug that prevented the cells from confi rmed that a close chemical relative medical profession to accept the causal Mel Green, Robert Hamburger, Donald Hellinski, making their own cholesterol? That of cholesterol (delta-4-cholestenone) relationship despite a considerable Faustina Solis, Avrum Stroll might cause trouble. Indeed, when could inhibit cholesterol synthesis and body of evidence. One important inhibition of cholesterol synthesis was went on to show that it reduced blood Ex-Offi cio: Past President Marvin Goldberger reason was the unavailability of safe, fi rst proposed as a way of treating cholesterol levels. However, the toxic potent drugs for lowering cholesterol Arthur Wagner Please report all address changes to our administrative offi cer in the high blood cholesterol, the notion was side effects of the compound precluded Academic Senate: levels. If you can’t do anything about it [Continued on p.2] On the Teaching of Acting Gaye Hill [email protected], (858) 534-3641, mail code 0002 UCSD Emeriti Association Page 2 Page 7

[Steinberg from p. 1] dishes sat around too long and got at this point. They went on to try [Lakoff from p. 6] [Steinberg from p. 3] contaminated by a . The bacteria compactin in dogs and there the results clinical use. These early efforts did originally seeded onto his culture dish were quite different. In dogs they saw a the new breed of administrators Clark disease mortality. All-cause mortality dl. These drugs are so remarkably safe not solve the problem but they at least had grown thickly all over the dish very signifi cant and consistent lowering Kerr had identifi ed as managers of the was 30% lower in the treated group that some, half in jest, have proposed sparked an interest in the possibility that except for neat circles surrounding the of blood cholesterol levels. They also multiversity rather than educational and there was no increase in mortality putting it “in the drinking water” or at cholesterol synthesis might after all be a intrusive fungus. Having a prepared showed that it worked in rabbits, hens, innovators in the style of Hutchins, from any single category of disease. It least selling it over-the-counter. We may legitimate pharmacologic target. mind, Fleming realized that the fungus and monkeys. Finally, in 1980 Endo and Eliot, or Meiklejohn. But the truth is is now clear that the marginal “toxic” not be quite ready to go that far but it To the pharmaceutical industry, was making something that killed the colleagues reported that compactin that Atkinson was so successful here effects seen in the early trials was only is noteworthy that such proposals are inhibition of cholesterol synthesis bacteria in its immediate vicinity and given by mouth at a dose of 50 mg per because he respected the faculty and apparent, attributable in part to the no longer “unthinkable.” looked like a sitting duck. All the 25 that that just might be important! His day decreased cholesterol levels in students enough to let them make their small sizes of the populations studied or so steps by which the body makes discovery was serendipitous but soon patients with hypercholesterolemia by own decisions. He saw his job as one of and in part to the modest lowering of [The author is indebted to Drs. Akira cholesterol had been fully characterized the search for fungal antibiotics became an average of 27%! In some, the drop helping them and listening carefully to cholesterol levels and the accompanying Endo and P. Roy Vagelos for in depth and the properties of the enzymes that deliberate and was being pursued on a was as much as 30 to 35%. A second them, not dictating to them or imposing modest decreases in coronary heart interviews.] catalyze them were well understood. large scale. clinical study in seven patients with his own narrow vision. disease events. Over the next decade a large number Akira Endo, working at the Sankyo familial hypercholesterolemia, which is It is perfectly consistent of him to Third, the large statin studies made uuu of drug companies and university Co. in Tokyo, decided that the broths in much harder to treat, was published in have withdrawn his name for consid- it clear that treatment benefi ts women laboratories set out to synthesize which fungi were grown in the hunt for the prestigious New England Journal of eration because students had not been as well as men; the old as well as the compounds analogous in their chemical new and better penicillins might also Medicine. It showed a highly signifi cant consulted. That deference to faculty and young; those with low initial LDL structure to one of the compounds on contain natural inhibitors of cholesterol student judgment is what made him so levels as well as those with high initial drop in total cholesterol levels from 390 [Mills from p. 5] the pathway leading to cholesterol. The synthesis. He and his associates began to down to 303. There was no doubt now effective and also what has made UCSD levels; diabetics as well as nondiabetics. favorite target was the step known to be test each of the fungal broths for ability that, barring the possibility of some a great educational institution. It is the None of the earlier studies had been the rate-limiting or “bottleneck” step. to inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Endo unsuspected toxicity showing up in reason above all others that we ought large enough to make this evident and Andy Wright (witty and acerbic as That is the step in which HMG coenzyme and his colleagues began testing in 1971. larger and longer clinical trials, this to have Atkinson College. consequently women, the elderly, those ever), Bob Eliot, Sig Burkhardt, and A is converted to mevalonic acid by the Week after week they patiently applied drug and others like it were going to with “low” LDL levels, and diabetics the inimitable and unfathomable Roy key enzyme, HMG coenzyme reductase. their assay to these broths but the results be wonder drugs. Reprinted from the UCSD student news- were undertreated for many years. Harvey Pearce. And now we could get Dozens and dozens of compounds were uniformly and depressingly Endo’s dramatic clinical fi ndings paper, The Guardian, May 31, 2005. The advent of the statins made on with it. were found to work beautifully on the negative. Finally, two years and over with compactin caught the eye of the it possible to settle the “cholesterol David Mahlon Bonner was born purifi ed HMGCoA reductase enzyme 6,000 tests later, they fi nally made a hit. pharmaceutical industry. Merck, Sharp uuu controversy” once and for all. No in 1916 and died in 1964, only four or on cells in culture. That was easy. But In 1973 they came up with a real winner. and Dohme was fi rst out of the gate. one any longer doubts the wisdom years after his arrival at La Jolla. In almost none of them passed the series The culture broth from Penicillium Shortly after Endo’s paper appeared, of lowering blood cholesterol. 1952 he was diagnosed with Hodgkin’s of further tests of effi cacy and safety citrinum, a mold closely related to the Merck signed a confidentiality Extrapolating from the exciting results disease, then deemed incurable, necessary to make a drug worthy of full one that produced Fleming’s penicillin, agreement with Sankyo and obtained of the fi ve-year statin studies already and rewrote the book on how much scale clinical testing. Either they failed to contained a remarkably potent inhibitor samples of compactin with which they reported it is safe to predict that when radiation a human being could take penetrate into the cell, or they were not of cholesterol synthesis which they confi rmed the striking potency of the treatment is started earlier in the course and remain alive. I recall the two of effi ciently absorbed from the intestine, designated ML-236B or compactin. drug. At the same time they started of the disease and continued for longer, us, after a genetics meeting in Holland, or they caused serious toxic side effects. Endo surmised, and his later studies their own screening program, under P. heart attack rates will drop even more spending ten days traveling together It would not be until the early ’70s that confi rmed, that compactin was working Roy Vagelos, Director of the Research strikingly. Hopefully, intensive and in Scandinavia a little before he died. a highly effective and safe inhibitor of at the HMGCoA reductase step. The Laboratories, and Alfred W. Alberts, early medical attention to cholesterol He never referred to his illness, and cholesterol synthesis would surface and critical question now was whether it a long-time collaborator who had and the other risk factors will soon maintained at all times a buoyant not until 1987 that one of them would would lower blood cholesterol levels moved with Vagelos from Washington reduce sharply the need for angioplasty and life-embracing attitude. He was a receive FDA approval. at reasonable dosages. University. and coronary bypass surgery. There wonderful companion. Pharmaceutical companies in the Endo’s first tests were done in The Alberts group started screening is already one reported trial in which David’s time was short. But his ’70s were panning for antibiotic gold, rats. Given in repeated doses over a in October 1978 and were lucky enough patients with angina pectoris treated moments were long. And the things systematically screening compounds long period of time, they had no effect to hit pay dirt with sample No. 18, intensively with statins did just as well that he did still reverberate. made by fungi for their potential as whatever on blood cholesterol. It looked just two weeks into their program. as patients subjected to angioplasty. antimicrobial agents. This all started as if two years of work and over 6,000 Quite a contrast to Endo’s experience As a result of the statin studies, of course with Fleming’s discovery tests had led nowhere. Fortunately, of screening about 6,000 broths the “ideal” LDL cholesterol level has of penicillin when one of his culture Endo and associates did not give up before hitting something promising! dropped to somewhere around 70 mg/ uuu [Continued on p. 3]

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[Steinberg from p. 2] had tried to verify the rumors but the of Merck’s international businesses, Richard Atkinson Still company would not comment. No one went to Japan themselves. Vagelos , the compound discovered seemed to know what was going on. offered a business deal: “If you help us A Good Choice As the by Alberts, had a structure only very But one thing seemed almost certain: solve this problem, we’ll share Mevacor slightly different from that of compactin Sankyo would never have aborted [lovastatin] with you in Japan and and it had very similar biological a potentially multi-million dollar you can share your second-generation Namesake of UCSD’s properties. Preliminary clinical trials program unless they had encountered product with us when you’re ready.” were begun in 1980 and the early results something really ominous. The head of Sankyo smiled and said he Sixth College looked promising indeed. But in 1980 So, what had been a warm and fuzzy, would like to cooperate but that there the whole Merck program was suddenly even self-congratulatory, company were “others” who objected. Vagelos shut down. The story behind that is an get-together became something of returned empty handed, puzzled.... —by Sandy Lakoff intriguing one. a wake. Lovastatin only differed in and angry. In the fall of 1980 Merck held its usual structure from compactin by one Merck continued long-term trials hen the announcement that UCSD chancellor to be so elevated--this when that failed, reoriented outreach annual four-day research “retreat.” That carbon atom. They both worked on of lovastatin in dogs and never WSixth College would be named campus was well established as one programs to focus on low-performing year it was held at the Seaview Resort cholesterol synthesis in the same way. encountered any lymphomas or any for UC President Emeritus Richard of the great success stories of modern high schools; shifted emphasis from at Absecon, New Jersey. P. Roy Vagelos, So if compactin was carcinogenic it was other cancers. In retrospect we can Atkinson caused controversy, he asked higher education. As president of the aptitude tests to achievement tests recently promoted to Vice-President for very likely that lovastatin would be too. say with confidence that neither that his name be withdrawn from con- UC system for eight years, he also in admissions; expanded transfer Research, had been driven down that On the other hand, the carcinogenicity lovastatin nor any other of the statin sideration because he felt that UCSD served with distinction. This is an programs from community colleges; morning for the meeting and he recalls that had allegedly been encountered drugs is carcinogenic. Dr. Endo students had not been sufficiently extraordinary record of service, which instituted “comprehensive review” of very vividly the dramatic events of might be related not to the cholesterol- believes the pathologists at Sankyo had involved in the decision. This was a deserves extraordinary recognition. It applicants; and created a new path to that afternoon. Merck was in excellent lowering effect of the drug per se but misinterpreted the cellular changes in statesman-like move on his part, but it bears comparison with the contribu- admissions called “Eligibility in Local fi nancial condition (net income about to an unrelated effect of the compactin their test dogs. Clinical trials in which should not be the fi nal word. tions of Roger Revelle, for whom our Context,” making the top-performing $400 million) but Vagelos knew that molecule. Conceivably, the one extra thousands of subjects have received It took quite a while before Third fi rst college was named. four percent of each high school eligible maintaining Merck’s leadership role carbon on lovastatin might abolish any either a placebo or a statin have shown College was fi nally named for Thurgood And that’s not all that should be for admission to UC campuses—all in required that there be a continuing input carcinogenic potential. However, that no change at all in cancer incidence. In Marshall rather than for the ideological said in Atkinson’s behalf. He has done order to boost minority enrollment. of new products into the “pipeline.” As was a long shot. Merck was already the early 1980s, however, the level of hotheads’ choice, Lumumba-Zapata- major academic work in psychology. As an administrator, Atkinson was Vagelos puts it, “That’s why we were carrying out studies on the effects of anxiety both at Sankyo and at Merck Allende. The job of fi nding a name for (Some of this work has been done with devoted to incremental improvement all watching Mevacor [lovastatin] so lovastatin in dogs and they had not was high....and we came close to losing Sixth College needn’t be that prolonged, his wife Rita, so maybe it would be a rather than any grand pedagogical closely and that’s why we were all so encountered any intestinal cancers but these wonder drugs. but it should now be reopened, with ad- good idea, for the sake of diversity, to passion. When he was up for reap- upbeat about our research program. We their studies were so far of fairly short It is diffi cult to overstate the impact equate consultation of students, faculty, recognize their partnership by nam- pointment as chancellor, the then UC thought [lovastatin] had the potential duration. Longer exposures might the statins have had on the management administrators, alumni, and friends of ing the college for both of them, after president, David P. Gardner, came to to become a billion-dollar-a-year confi rm the Japanese fi ndings with of atherosclerosis, particularly coronary the university. If the case for honor- the precedent of the Jacobs School of the campus to interview people about product.” The day’s discussions went compactin. Merck had already invested heart disease. ing Atkinson is properly presented, Engineering, which has been named his performance. I was among the well and spirits were high. millions of dollars on this project. What First of all, because they lowered it should be enthusiastically received, for Joan and Irwin.) Before becom- faculty members he talked to. I gave Then, toward the end of the day, to do? blood cholesterol so much more even though there is something to be ing chancellor, he was director of the Atkinson very high marks on most right in the middle of a wrap-up session, Vagelos did the right thing. He effectively than any diet or drug said for taking ethnic and gender diver- National Science Foundation, one of scores, but then Gardner threw me a Vagelos was called out to take an urgent immediately called a halt to all clinical treatment that had gone before, it sity into account, as was done when the the government’s major agencies for curve. phone call from the head of Merck’s studies and notifi ed the FDA. He also suddenly became much easier to roster of UCSD colleges was adorned supporting basic research. “Does the faculty agree with his Japanese division, H. Boyd Woodruff. began an all-out effort to get to the demonstrate the decrease in coronary with the illustrious names of Marshall As UC president, he forced a re- philosophy of education?” he asked. Sankyo had just suddenly terminated bottom of the rumors. At Absecon, heart disease events in clinical trials and and Eleanor Roosevelt. vamping of the SAT when an inquiry For a moment I was stumped, but all its clinical studies with compactin. N.J., the mood was somber. Vagelos to do so in an unarguable way. In other instances, chancellors have he ordered found that it was not as then I thought of the right answer. “If They had given no reasons for this tried every way he could to get more Second, the statin studies laid to been honored by having buildings des- good a predictor of academic success he had one,” I said, “I think we’d lynch startling move and were unwilling to information about the fi ndings that rest the concerns that lowering blood ignated for them. But Atkinson was the as claimed. And student radicals might him.” answer questions. Woodruff said that prompted Sankyo to drop its clinical cholesterol levels might be intrinsically longest-serving of our chancellors, hav- note that he resisted efforts by the Re- Gardner had a good laugh at this rumors were circulating to the effect that trials, including letters and phone calls dangerous. In the Scandinavian 4S study ing held the offi ce from 1980 to 1995, dur- gents to end affi rmative action (or pref- answer, perhaps because he too did the company had discovered intestinal to the company’s executives. Sankyo with there was actually ing a period of major growth. When he erential treatment) in admissions based not have a pronounced philosophy of lymphomas, a form of cancer, in dogs was unwilling to comment. So Vagelos a highly signifi cant decrease in total left to become UC President—the fi rst on race, ethnicity, and gender, and education. Like Atkinson, he was one of treated with large doses. Woodruff and Barry Cohen, who was in charge mortality as well as in coronary heart

[Continued on p. 7] [Continued on p. 7]

Chronicles, September 2005 UCSD Emeriti Association Page 4 Page 5

and collectively they approved of [Mills from p. 4] While sitting in the rotunda of the undergraduates were coming in 1964, Remembering the new guy. They liked his style, Davis meeting hall, a slight, balding, and missing were the arts, social his willingness to take a chance, and between O.K. and not so O.K. The time immaculately dressed gentleman came sciences, literature. How was the David Bonner crucially, they gave him leeway on was then ripe to add a medical school in up to me. It was Clark Kerr; though I ingathering to occur? The people here, many matters. And he used their San Diego since the area was growing didn’t know him then. The dialogue gifted as they were, knew little of these support unhesitatingly. in population and perforce in political went like this: matters. Well, sometimes it is not a bad —by Stanley E. Mills To set the stage, UCSD evolved importance. Accordingly, the great idea to be unburdened by knowledge. “top-down,” with a graduate school men from the San Francisco Medical The faculty in place had to rely on their Professor Emeritus Professor of Biology “You’re Mills, aren’t you?” (Good established fi rst. In biology we arrived School, wearing ties and statements, staff work, I thought.) own experience, and I can recount the in late 1960. Graduate classes began in came down to teach the facts of medical way it went in just one more case, the 1961. The undergraduate division was school life to the local fi eld hands. They “Yes, sir.” recruitment of the arts faculty. his is a brief appreciation of David fi rst name basis, spoke his own version scheduled, and did start in 1964. This ran up against David, his side-kick Bob The argument of David and his TBonner and his participation in of English, laced with some earthy meant, of course, that the faculty in Hamburger (about whom more later), “You tell Dave Bonner he can’t get colleagues went something like the some of the early events in the history Anglo-Saxonisms, and appeared place, mainly scientists, had to recruit and friends. away with it!” following. From the local vantage of UCSD. The narrative unfortunately careless about academic formalism. faculty for the remaining departments. The sentiment here was that a point it appeared that university music issues from a failing memory, is based Certainly, whatever kept him from With no one here to misguide them, critical reason for UC medicine’s “Of course, but which of what he is and art departments were largely mainly on conversations with David, an appointment could not have been here are some of the things that avoidance of distinction was the doing can’t he get away with”? staffed by historians, philosophers, and and is biased by personal affection and his achievements. Having studied with occurred. use of part-time faculty (the major critics with the occasional composer or admiration. It also neglects, with regret, some of the great pioneers of genetics schools were full-time). Part-time “The Medical School.” artist in display roles, altogether at the contributions of other participants; at Stanford, he had established his own 1. Languages and Linguistics. faculty are just that; their salaries are variance with science, medicine, and I was simply unaware of their roles. formidable reputation in microbial The traditional teaching of foreign earned in part by faculty time, the And off he went. It is diffi cult engineering. So if scientists do science, I met David at Yale when I was genetics, a discipline to which he languages via reading and grammar rest from private practice. When the to convey the somewhat charged physicians do medicine, and engineers a graduate student in microbiology. remained deeply devoted during his is an exercise somewhat akin to notorious bank robber, Willie Sutton, exchanges and atmosphere that do engineering at universities, why He was the dominant spirit in the lifetime. Still, it was evident that with mathematics. It was the dominant was asked why he robbed banks, he occurred 40 years ago. But the upshot? can’t musicians do music and artists department. Breezy and engaging, no future at Yale, he had to get a job. method in higher education. There was said that’s where the money was. In Today we have a full-time medical do art? Well, they can and they do. he had a group of lively, energetic While on a seminar/job tour he got a however, an alternative. The armed medicine, the money is, or was then, faculty as have all the UC medical The creative outpouring of the artists students all of whom went on to call from Bill Belser, a recent graduate forces, the diplomatic corps, and surely in private practice. Money often equals schools and UC medicine is highly and musicians at UCSD issuing from rewarding careers. Since I was a group of our department, then at SIO. Belser others, used “total immersion” as a commitment. regarded. departments that are second to none of one I naturally gravitated to them suggested that it might be a good foreign language teaching tool. On the Bonner’s version to me of I would be remiss not to note that amply justifi es the vision of David and their activities, later working idea to drop down and meet Roger assumption that the life of a language the ensuing negotiations can be David’s support included not only and his colleagues to bring in working for David briefl y before leaving for a Revelle who was putting together is verbal communication, with summarized. They told us how, when, our faculty but also that of Sherman creative artists and musicians. post-doctoral position. David’s status a campus at La Jolla. It was a good precedence over its derivatives, and and where they would build the school. Mellinkoff, the new dean of UCLA And as a coda to this short memoir, at Yale was a mystery to us. He had idea. When Bonner and Revelle met, with no proprietary interests here to We were polite. You are the experts; Medicine, a good friend of UCSD; toward the time the undergraduates the biggest lab in the department, the each discovered that his life was now protest, the campus chose to abandon build it where and as you like. But part- and, in particular, Robert Hamburger. were supposed to appear, we were prerogatives of a full professor, but complete; Revelle with his towering tradition and go after a speaking time people will never be admitted to Robert came with us from Yale as a a little frantic about the absence was never admitted to the tenured reputation, and David with his zest program, now in place. Further, the membership in the UCSD academic fellow in immunology and genetics. of literature. David had tried, in faculty. Why? As students we could and industry. job of implementing this approach senate. The temperature did rise a bit. He was David’s indispensable guide, the spirit suggested in the above only speculate. He was at YALE, but he Before assessing his role in the was given to a new department, But each and every time Bonner, as the counselor, and tutor in the complexities paragraphs, to recruit his friend Wallace dressed in khakis, mingled with us on a ensuing few years, one must allude to linguistics, not literature (which did faculty point guard, was challenged, of medical culture. Some day I trust he Stegner, the California novelist and the faculty already here, and gathering. not yet exist), and had the good fortune he pointed to his faculty support. will write an authentic account of the environmentalist, to come here and They were in the main scientists and to fi nd Leonard Newmark to make it To these events I can contribute events that occurred. And fi nally, a nod take over. Stegner was running a Emeriti Website an extraordinary group. To name just a a solid functioning enterprise. I can a minor anecdote, which I recall with to Jon Singer who kept the department writing workshop, part-time, at UCLA few: in addition to Revelle, there were attest David’s fi ne hand as a major absolute clarity. In those halcyon together while David coursed off on his but David couldn’t convince him and The UCSD Emeriti Association the Nobel Laureates Harold Urey and determinant in this event. days UC held a yearly all-campus adventures. his wife (“David,” she asked, “do they maintains a website, http://emeriti. Maria Mayer, and their exemplary conference about this and that at have plumbing in San Diego?”) to ucsd.edu/. Under the rubric NEWS, 2. The Medical School. When we the Davis campus (oh the wines, the 3. The Arts. Those were heady abandon San Francisco. But the gods PROGRAMS & MEETINGS past issues colleagues, Joe Mayer, James Arnold, of Chronicles are available. Bruno Zimm, and Keith Bruckner. It arrived in late 1960, UC medicine had at wines). As a mere assistant professor I times back in the early sixties. A were kind. A fracas at Ohio State made couldn’t get any better. Individually best a modest reputation, somewhere was volunteered as our representative. university was to be put together, available the grand Ohio State Quartet,

[Continued on p. 5] [Continued on p. 7]

Chronicles, September 2005 UCSD Emeriti Association