Afaha Ikot Owop – Obo Etok Terminating at Obo Ntong Market Road in Nsit Ibom & Ibesikpo Asutan LGA, Akwa Ibom State (Draft)

Public Disclosure Authorized

FEDERAL REPUPLIC OF NIGERIA AKWA IBOM STATE RURAL ACCESS AND AGRICULTURAL MARKETING PROJECT (RAAMP)

Public Disclosure Authorized

RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) FOR

THE CONSTRUCTION OF ENEN NSIT/UTUAT MARKET THROUGH

Public Disclosure Authorized EKPONWA MARKET HUB – AFAHA UDOEYOP – OWOT UTA JUNCTION ADJOINING IKOT OBIO OFFONG – AFAHA IKOT OWOP – OBO ETOK TERMINATING AT OBO NTONG MARKET ROAD IN NSIT IBOM & IBESIKPO ASUTAN LGAS OF AKWA IBOM STATE.

DRAFT FINAL REPORT

SEPTEMBER 2019

Public Disclosure Authorized

TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... ii LIST OF TABLES ...... v LIST OF FIGURES ...... v LIST OF ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS ...... ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Objectives of the RAP ...... 1 1.2 Justification for the preparation of the RAP ...... 1 1.3 RAP Methodology ...... 2 1.4.1 Literature Review/Desktop Studies ...... 2 1.4.2 Public Consultation ...... 2 1.4.3 Field Studies ...... 2 CHAPTER TWO: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 3 2.1 Project Description ...... 3 2.2 Project Location ...... 4 CHAPTER THREE: IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL PROJECT IMPACTS ...... 6 3.1 Potential Impacts ...... 6 3.1.1 Project component that give rise to resettlement ...... 6 3.1.2 Zone of impact ...... 6 3.1.3 Alternatives considered ...... 8 CHAPTER FOUR: CENSUS AND SOCIOECONOMIC DATA ...... 9 4.1 Census of Project Affected Persons (PAPs): ...... 9 4.2 Socio-Economic Conditions of Project Area ...... 9 4.2.1 Demography ...... 9 4.2.2 Family Size ...... 10 4.2.3 Transportation ...... 11 4.2.4 Agricultural Production ...... 11 4.2.5 Pattern of Spending...... 11 4.3 Socio Economic Characteristics of PAPs ...... 11 4.3.1 Age ...... 11 4.3.2 Education ...... 12 4.3.3 Monthly income ...... 12 4.3.4 Means of Livelihood ...... 13 CHAPTER FIVE: LEGAL POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ...... 14

5.1 Introduction ...... 14 5.2 Legal and Policy Gap: Nigerian Land Use Act and World Bank Operational Policy 4.12 ...... 14 5.3 The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of RAAMP ...... 14 5.4 Relevant Nigeria Acts and Legislations ...... 14 5.5 The World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP. 4.12) ...... 15 5.6 Review of Policies, Legal and Institutional Frameworks ...... 15 5.6.1 Local Laws and Customs Governing Resettlement: ...... 15 5.6.2 International Best Practice Standards and Guidelines ...... 18 5.6.3 Differences between Nigerian Law and OP 4.12 ...... 20 CHAPTER SIX: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ...... 22 6.1 Organizational Arrangement ...... 22 CHAPTER SEVEN: ELIGIBILITY ...... 26 7.1 Overview ...... 26 7.2 Definition of PAPs ...... 26 7.3 Eligibility Criteria ...... 26 7.4 Cut-off Date ...... 26 7.5 Proof of Eligibility ...... 27 7.6 Entitlement Matrix for the PAPs ...... 27 CHAPTER EIGHT: VALUATION AND COMPENSATION...... 32 8.1 Valuation ...... 32 8.2 Valuation Methodology: ...... 32 8.2.1 Description of Key Valuation Approaches and Compensation terms ...... 32 8.2.2 Valuation Methods for Categories of Impacted Assets ...... 32 8.3 Inventory of Affected Assets/Structures in the Project Area ...... 34 8.3.1 Impact on Structures and Utilities ...... 34 8.3.2 Impact on Agricultural Resources (Crops and Trees) ...... 35 8.4 Description of Compensation and Resettlement Assistance: ...... 36 CHAPTER NINE: RESETTLEMENT MEASURES ...... 37 9.1 Resettlement measure ...... 37 9.2 Livelihood Restoration ...... 37 9.3 Crops/Trees ...... 37 9.4 Structures, Commercial Land and Utilities ...... 38 9.5 Business Loss ...... 38 9.6 Vulnerable Person ...... 38 9.7 Landlords ...... 38

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9.8 Tenants ...... 38 CHAPTER TEN: STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION ...... 39 10.1: Introduction ...... 39 10.2 Method and Participation: ...... 39 10.2 Concerns and Resolutions: ...... 39 CHAPTER ELEVEN: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 42 11.1 Introduction ...... 42 11.2 Expectation When Grievances Arise ...... 42 11.3 Structure and Protocols for Reporting and Managing Grievances ...... 42 11.3.1 First Level GRM: GRC at the Site/Community Level: ...... 43 11.3.2 Second Level of GRM: GRC at the SPIU Level: ...... 43 11.3.3 Third Level of GRM: GRC at the FPMU Level: ...... 44 CHAPTER TWELVE: BUDGETING AND FINANCING ...... 46 12.1 Introduction: ...... 46 12.2 Financing Plan: ...... 46 12.3: Procedure for Delivering of Entitlements: ...... 46 12.4 RAP Compensation/Implementation Process ...... 47 12.5 Compensation Payment Administration: ...... 47 12.6 Resettlement Implementation Linkage to Civil Works ...... 48 CHAPTER THIRTEEN: TIMETABLE OF EVENTS...... 49 13.1 Timetable for the Resettlement Action Plan ...... 49 13.2: Training and Capacity Needs: ...... 49 CHAPTER FOURTEEN: MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...... 51 14.1 Overview ...... 51 14.2 Internal Monitoring ...... 51 14.3 External/Independent Monitoring ...... 51 14.4 Monitoring Indicators ...... 51 REFERENCES...... 54 ANNEX A: LIST OF PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS AND THEIR COMPENSATION ...... 55 ANNEX B: COST DERIVATION TABLE FOR AFFECTED STRUCTURES AND LANDED PROPERTY BASED ON MARKET SURVEY ...... 77 ANNEX C: COST DERIVATION TABLE FOR CASH CROPS AND ECONOMIC TREES BASED ON MARKET SURVEY ...... 79 ANNEX D: CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST ...... 80

LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Project implementation phases and associated activities ...... 6 Table 2: Zone of Impact ...... 6 Table 3: Census of Project Affected Persons ...... 9 Table 4: Summary of Socio-Economic Condition of Project Area ...... 9 Table 5: Age Distribution of PAPs ...... 12 Table 6: Educational Status of PAPs ...... 12 Table 7: Monthly Income Distribution of PAPs ...... 12 Table 8: Means of Livelihood of PAPs ...... 13 Table 9: Comparison of Nigerian Legislation and World Bank Resettlement Policy ...... 20 Table 10: Roles and Responsibilities for Implementation of the RAP ...... 22 Table 11: Entitlement Matrix ...... 27 Table 12: Market Survey for structures from communities along the project corridors ...... 33 Table 13: Market Survey for Crops/Economic Trees ...... 33 Table 14: Summary of Affected Structures/Utilities ...... 34 Table 15: Summary of Affected Crops/Trees ...... 35 Table 16: Livelihood Restoration Estimates ...... 37 Table 17: Compensation for Economic Trees/Crops ...... 37 Table 18: Concerns and resolutions ...... 40 Table 19: Budget Estimate for the RAP Implementation ...... 46 Table 20: Timetable for RAP implementation ...... 49 Table 21: Proposed Training Program ...... 49 Table 22: Monitoring Indicators ...... 52

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Detailed description of the project location; Source: Akwa-Ibom RAAMP Field Survey, 2019 ..... 5 Figure 2: Family Size of Respondents; Source: Akwa-Ibom RAAMP ESMP Field Survey, July 2019 ...... 10 Figure 3: Income expenditure pattern; Source: Akwa-Ibom RAAMP ESMP Field Survey, July 2019 ...... 11

DEFINITION OF TERMS S/No Word/Term Definition 1 Compensation Payment in cash or kind for an asset to be acquired or affected by a project at replacement cost. 2 Cut-off-date A day on and beyond which any person who occupies land or assets, or constructs assets on land, required for project use, will not be eligible for compensation. The date is often the day when the assessment of persons and their property in the project area commences. 3 Displaced Affected persons by a project through land acquisition, relocation, Persons or loss of incomes and includes any person, household, firms, or public or private institutions who as a result of a project would have their; Standard of living adversely affected; Right, title or interest in all or any part of a house, land (including residential, commercial, agricultural, plantations, forest and grazing land) or any other moveable or fixed assets acquired or possessed, in full or in part, permanently or temporarily adversely affected; or Business, occupation, place of work, residence, habitat or access to forest or community resources adversely affected, with or without displacement. 4 Economically Those persons who experience loss of productive assets or usage Displaced rights or livelihood capacities because such assets, rights, capacities Persons are located in the project area 5 Entitlement The range of measures comprising cash or kind compensation, relocation cost, income rehabilitation assistance, transfer assistance, income substitution, and relocation which are due to PAPs, depending on the type and degree/nature of their losses, to restore their social and economic base. 6 Full Cost of The amount of cash compensation and/or assistance suffices to Resettlement replace lost assets and cover transaction costs, without taking into account depreciation or salvage value 7 Household Is the unit which includes all members living under the authority of a household head, they are both family members and other dependents. Under the Land Act, a household would be members of the family whose consent would be required in case of alienation or undertaking any transaction on the family residential land. These members should ordinarily reside on the land. These members typically include the household head, one or several spouses, children and other members of the larger family, tenants, and employee. 8 Income The measures required to ensure that PAPs have the resources to Restoration at least restore, if not improve, their livelihoods. 9 Involuntary When the affected party does not have the option to remain in a Resettlement place even though he/she may prefer to move away. In some cases, people

do move voluntarily but their willingness to move spontaneously must be carefully verified. Refers both to physical displacement (relocation or loss of shelter) and to economic displacement (loss of assets or access to assets that leads to loss of income sources or means of livelihood) as a result of project-related land acquisition. Resettlement is considered involuntary when affected individuals or communities do not have the right to refuse land acquisition that result in displacement. This occurs in cases of: lawful expropriation or restrictions on land use based on eminent domain: and Negotiated settlements in which the buyer can resort to expropriation or impose legal restrictions on land use if negotiations with the seller fail. 10 Land The process whereby a person or household is involuntarily acquisition alienated from all or part of the land s/he owns or possesses, to the ownership and possession of a project for public purposes, in return for fair compensation. 11 Land-Owner An individual/household/institution recognized as owning land either by customary tenure, freehold tenure, or leasehold including customary occupants of former public Land 12 Market Value Appropriate compensation figures so that the affected population is able to restore their standards of living to levels “at least as good as or better than they were prior to the project. 13 Physically Those affected persons who have to physically relocate because Displaced they reside within the land to be acquired for the ROW or Persons encumbered as a result of the Project. 14 Project- Is the area where the Project may cause direct or indirect impacts Affected Area to the environment and the residents? 15 Project Affected Persons who lose assets as a result of the Project, whatever the Person extent of the loss; lost assets include land rights, structures, crops, business, access or a combination of those losses; not all Project Affected Persons (PAPs) have to physically relocate as a result of the Project 16 Project The family of PAPs that will experience effects from an Affected acquisition regardless of whether they are physically displaced or Household relocated or not. 17 Relocation The physical moving of PAPs from their pre-project place or residence, place for work or business premises. 18 Replacement Cost Replacement cost of an affected asset is equivalent to the amount required to replace the asset in its existing condition. The replacement cost of land is its market value. The replacement cost of structures is equal to the cost of constructing/purchasing a similar new structure, without making any deductions for depreciation, and inclusive of the labor cost. WB policies require

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that all affected assets (land and structures) are compensated at their replacement cost. 19 Resettlement Action The time-bound action plan with budget setting out resettlement Plan strategy, objectives, entitlements, actions, responsibilities, monitoring and evaluation. 20 Resettlement The direct physical and socio-economic impacts of resettlement Impacts activities in the project and host areas. Refers not just to the physical displacement of people, but also covers taking land that results in the relocation or loss of shelter, loss of assets or access to assets, and/or Loss of sources of income or means of livelihood (OP 4.12, paragraph 3)... 21 Resettlement A resettlement policy framework is required for projects with Policy subprojects or multiple components that cannot be identified Framework before project approval. This instrument may also be appropriate where there are valid reasons for delaying the implementation of the resettlement, provided that the implementing party provides an appropriate and concrete commitment for its future Implementation. The policy framework should be consistent with the principles and objectives of OP 4.12 of the World Bank. 22 Socioeconomic The census of PAHs/ PAPs of potentially affected people, which survey is prepared through a detailed survey based on actual data collected. 23 Tenant An individual/household/institution occupying land or space in a home under a private agreement with the owner whereby the right of occupancy is paid for in cash to the owner. 24 Vulnerable Any people who might suffer disproportionately or face the risk of being marginalized from the effects of resettlement i.e.; female- headed households with dependents; disabled household heads; poor households; landless elderly households with no means of support; households without security of tenure; and Ethnic minorities.

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LIST OF ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan BP Bank Policy CBO Community Based Organization CLO Community Liaison Officer CSO Community Support Organizations DaLA Damage and Loss Assessment EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FGD Focus Group Discussion FGN Federal Government of Nigeria FMENV Federal Ministry of Environment FSLC First School Leaving Certificate GCE General Certificate in Education GDP Gross Domestic Product GFA Gross floor area GIS Geographic Information System IDA International Development Association LB Land Bureau LGA Local Government Area LRC Local Resettlement Committee LVO Land Valuation Office M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MDAs Ministries, Departments & Agencies MDG Millennium Development Goals MIGA Multilateral Guarantee Agency MOE State Ministry of Environment NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations NTDF Nigerian Technical Development Forum OD Operational Directives (of the World Bank) OM Operational Manual OP Operational Policies (of the World Bank) OSH Occupational Safety and Health PAPs Project Affected Persons PID Project Information Document PMU Project Management Unit PPUD Physical Planning and Urban Development PWD Public Works Department RAP Resettlement Action Plan RIT RAP Implementation Team RP Resettlement Plans RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

SPMC State Project Monitoring Committee STDs Sexually Transmitted Diseases TOR Terms of Reference WASC West African School Certificate WB The World Bank WHO World Health Organisation

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) has initiated the preparation of the Rural Access and Agricultural Marketing Project (RAAMP), the successor of the Second Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP-2). The project will be supported with financing from the World Bank and the French Development Agency (AFD) and will be guided by the Government’s Rural Travel and Transport Policy (RTTP). The overall objective of RAAMP is to improve rural access and agricultural marketing in selected participating states whilst enhancing sustainability of the rural and state road networks. As part of RAAMP activities in Akwa-Ibom State, the 20.1km Enen Nsit/Utuat market through Ekponwa Market hub – Afaha Udoeyop – Owot Uta junction adjoining Ikot Obio Offong – Afaha Ikot Owop – Obo Etok terminating at Obo Ntong market road has been selected as the priority road for rehabilitation out of the 500km prioritized under the project. The project is structured into 4 components including: • Component A: Improvement of Rural Access and Trading Infrastructure. • Component B. Asset Management, Agro-logistics Performance Enhancement and Sector Reform. • Component C. Institutional Development, Project Management and Risk Mitigation. • Component D. Contingent Emergency Response.

RAP Methodology The approach adopted for the RAP was in accordance with the applicable World Bank safeguard policies, Nigerian guidelines/laws and Terms of Reference (ToR). The methodology essentially entails Literature Review/Desktop Studies, Baseline Studies, Public Consultations and Preparation of RAP.

Description of the Project State Akwa Ibom State, located in the South- South geopolitical zone of Nigeria, falls within equatorial rain forest belt with abundant rainfall. The State is connected by different classes of road network (Classes A, B and C)1. The proposed rehabilitation road project is a Class C.

Description of the Project Location The existing road traverses between Ibesikpo Asutan and Nsit Ibom LGAs of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria and located between N4.88496; E7.90143 and N4.95443; E7.94200 and adjoining to the left on N4.90699; E7.88199 and to the right on N4.93452; E7. 95349. The route has an average width of between 7.0 -8.0m and characterised by narrow and failed portions largely due to erosion and waterlogging. There is evidence of community-based effort in maintaining the road especially at the waterlogged sections. The road is an earth road with homogenous type of fill material throughout its length and no bituminous or any other form of seal surfacing. The maximum gradient is less than 5.0% in almost every part of the alignment. The existing Reinforced Concrete box culverts (3 Nos) along the route are all silted and inadequate due to poor turnouts, and surface run-off flows. There is no river/stream along the road and as such river crossing infrastructure will not be required.

1 There are three major classes of roads in Nigeria viz; Class A ( Federal Roads) Class B (State Roads) Class C (Local Government Roads)

Socio-Economic Conditions of Project Affected Persons A total of 50 Project Affected Persons (PAPs) were identified along the project corridor of which 43 are males and 7 are females. The total PAPs are composed of 14 landlords, 10 tenants, 25 individuals and 1 vulnerable person. Major infrastructure along the road corridor include Public Schools (10 primary and 3 secondary schools), Markets (5), Health Centres (3), Civic Centres (4) and Water Facilities (2). All communities along the project corridor are connected to the national grid.

Legal Policy and Regulatory Framework This RAP was prepared in line with the OP 4.12 of the World Bank and the Nigerian extant law on land expropriation (Land Use Act 1978). Specifically, the RAP team reviewed the Land Use Act, 1978, the Resettlement Policy Framework for RAAMP (disclosed in-country on June 12, 2018 and on the World Bank’s external website on October 9, 2018), the Project Implementation Manual (PIM) and the Project Appraisal Document (PAD).

Relevant Nigeria Acts and Legislations The Land Use Act, Cap 202, 1990 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria is the applicable law regarding ownership, transfer, acquisition and all such dealings on Land. The provisions of the Act vest every Parcel of Land in every State of the Federation in the Executive Governor of the State. All lands irrespective of the category belongs to the State while individuals only enjoy a right of occupancy as contained in the certificate of occupancy, or where the grants are “deemed”. Thus the Land Use Act is the key legislation that has direct relevance to resettlement and compensation in Nigeria

The World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP. 4.12) The Bank’s policy on Involuntary Resettlement advocates that where feasible, involuntary resettlement should be avoided or minimized. Resettlement shall be conceived and executed as a sustainable development program, where it is inevitable, PAPs should be provided with compensation and resettlement assistance with the objective of restoring their livelihood to pre-project level or better.

The policy on involuntary resettlement requires that PAPs shall be: i. Duly consulted and should have opportunity to participate in the planning and execution of the resettlement; ii. Compensated for their losses at full replacement cost prior to civil works; iii. Assisted with the move and supported during the transitional period in the resettlement site. iv. Assisted in their effort to improve their former living standards, income earning capacity and production levels or at least to restore them.

Identification of Project Impacts and Project Affected Persons The civil work activities associated with the different phases of component 1 are expected to result in varying degrees of direct socio economic impacts on PAPs. The impact identification process associated with land acquisition or displacement began during scoping and continued throughout the field data gathering including stakeholder’s engagement process. Table 3.1 provides an overview of potential civil work activities that are likely to generate direct social and economic impacts during project implementation and operation.

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Positive Impacts of the Project The proposed project is largely going to be beneficial to the communities and the State at large. Some of the potential benefits of the proposed project include but not limited to the following: • Improvement of accessibility and mobility to rural communities, markets, farms and agro- processing centres in the project area. • Increase in agricultural output as the roads will ultimately facilitate easy access to farm inputs, extension services, primary and secondary (urban) markets. • Improvement in agricultural productivity will translate to economic empowerment, poverty reduction and socio-cultural wellbeing of the benefiting communities. • Increased revenue generation to government through payment of utilities charges and taxes. • The roads will also promote public health in rural areas by facilitating access to health centres and hospitals in urban areas. • Reduction in travel time and transport cost due to improvement in riding quality of the road. • Increased opportunities for the host community to sell goods and services to the incoming workers

Negative Impacts of the Project The negative impacts of the proposed road rehabilitation project will be the risk of loss of livelihood, commercial houses/structures, commercial lands, economic crops and trees by the Project Affected Persons (PAPs).

Social Impact Reduction Measures Undertaken To minimize negative impacts, the following have been taken into consideration in this project: • The contractor, design and supervision consultant and the SPIU shall as much as possible implement the designs with the view to avoid people’s assets where feasible through realignment and/or width reduction. • Local labour will be engaged as much as possible in the course of project implementation to reduce labour influx and its attendant effects on the community. • Gender Based Violence (GBV) and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) awareness for contractors’ workers and community members shall be launched before and in the course of project implementation to reduce incidence of sexual exploitation, abuse, harassment etc. • Contractor will equally be made to take responsibility (in contract agreement) on integrating appropriate risk mitigation measures to prevent sexual exploitation and related cases in the project. • Adequate time will be allowed for harvesting of crops before commencement of construction and awareness will be created among members of affected communities to discourage further planting along the road corridor.

Census of Project Affected Persons Sex Total No of PAPs S/N Person Male Female

1 Landlords 13 1 14

2 Tenants 5 5 10

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3 Individuals 24 1 25

4 Vulnerable persons/Groups 1 0 1

Total 50

Grievance Redress Mechanism In the event that grievances arising as a result of the project impacts, a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) has been established for road corridor where the project will be implemented. The project community are aware of the existence of the GRM and procedure for filing and addressing any complaints or grievances.

The major grievances that might arise include but not limited to: • Dispute between contractor and the project community or affected persons, • Injuries caused by the project activities • Disputes resulting from property valuation • Disputes resulting from insufficient compensations and resettlement assistances • Disputes resulting from property ownership, • Disputed on omitted properties during the asset inventory exercise

Budget and Financing Plan In line with the provisions of the Project Appraisal Document (PAD), Akwa Ibom RAAMP/Government will be fully responsible for funding land acquisition and resettlement costs. The total budget for administering/implementing the RAP for the proposed rural road for Akwa Ibom State RAAMP is Fifteen Million, Twenty One Thousand and Eighteen Naira (N15,021,018.00) only. A breakdown of the budget according to components is shown in the table below:

Budget Estimate for the RAP Implementation ITEM ITEM COST(N) DESCRIPTION A: Compensation Structures 5,129,700.00 Land 961,000.00 Tenants 500,000.00 Individuals 1,180,660.00 Vulnerable PAP 39,100.00 Utilities 386,000.00 Sub-Total 8,196,460.00 B: Additional Livelihood restoration 2,500,000.00 mitigation Grievance Redress 1,000,000.00 Management Sub-Total 3,500,000.00 C: Implementation Operation cost (10% of 819,646.00 compensation cost) Cost due to inflation 204,912.00 (2.5% of compensation cost)

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Capacity 1,800,000.00 building/Institutional strengthening Disclosure 500,000.00 Sub-Total 3,324,558.00 TOTAL 15,021,018.00

Institutional Arrangements The implementation of the RAP shall require close collaboration among all project stakeholders. A properly constituted structure for the project implementation is imperative and agreement has been reached on institutional mechanism for coordinating and connecting resources and capabilities of institution that will be involved in RAP implementation. The roles and responsibilities of all the various relevant stakeholders in the implementation and administration of the RAP are presented in Table 6.1.

Time Table of Events The timelines for the project are shown in the table below:

Timetable for RAP implementation: Proposed Activities AUG. SEP. OCT. NOV. DEC. 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 Field data gathering/consultations and preparation of RAP report. Submission of Draft Final RAP Report and addressing of comments Submission of final RAP Document Disclosure of RAP RAP implementation Commencement of Civil work

Monitoring and Evaluation This RAP shall be closely monitored in order to ensure compensation and resettlement assistance delivery and meet the policy objectives and principles of OP 4.12. Implementation of this RAP will be regularly supervised and monitored by the Social Safeguard Officer in conjunction with M&E Officer of the SPIU. The findings will be recorded in quarterly reports to be furnished to the FPMU and the World Bank. There will be two levels of monitoring; namely internal monitoring and external monitoring. Under internal monitoring the SPIU M&E officer will lead the task for the SPIU M&E Unit while an external monitoring and evaluation officer will be engaged periodically.

Stakeholders Consultation Consultations were held on the 25th of June and 9th of July, 2019 with stakeholders located within the project corridor particularly the relevant communities existing in the Nsit Ibom and Ibesikpo Asutan LGAs. Further consultations were equally held on the 12th and 13th of August 2019 with a cross section of PAPs numbering 30 (26 males and 4 females) with the Vice Chairman of Ibesikpo Asutan L.G.A, Hon. John Job, in attendance. The PAPs enquired to know if there will be compensation for their buildings and other assets. One of the PAPs, Sunday Edet Ukim from Nung Oku Ikot Ekere, owner of block of shops under construction was concerned about the possibility of losing his shops. He was assured that the road will be narrowed and realigned at certain portions in order to avoid some structures. The team however informed all stakeholders that any asset/property affected by the road will be adequately compensated for before the commencement of civil works. Adequate interactions were held with all the 50 PAPs along the project corridor. Table 10.1 documents specific concerns raised by the PAPs and the decisions taken in the consultations.

Conclusion The positive and negative impacts of the proposed road rehabilitation project on people along the project corridor were assessed in the survey. 50 PAPs (including one vulnerable person) were identified. Provision of Fifteen Million, Twenty-One Thousand and Eighteen Naira (N15,021,018.00) only has been made for compensation, resettlement assistance and livelihood restoration to address the negative impacts that may arise in the course of the project implementation.

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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

This chapter provides a background to the preparation of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the rehabilitation of Enen Nsit/Utuat market through Ekponwa market hub – Afaha Udoeyop – Owot Uta junction adjoining Ikot Obio Offong – Afaha Ikot Owop – Obo Etok terminating at Obo Ntong market road in Nsit Ibom & Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area under the Akwa Ibom State Rural Access and Agricultural Marketing Project (AKS-RAAMP). Development objectives of RAAMP, rationale and scope of the tasks expected to be performed during the RAP preparation including the methodology of the study are also discussed in this chapter.

The rehabilitation of the prioritized rural road would entail engineering works including site clearing, mobilization of equipment; removal of topsoil, earth works, excavation, drainage structure and facilities, earth filing, road surfacing etc. These activities could result in Environmental and Social (E&S) impacts thus, triggering the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies including Environmental Assessment OP 4.01, Natural Habitats OP 4.04, Physical and Cultural Resources OP 4.11 and Involuntary Resettlement OP 4.12. The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is being prepared to address social and economic risks and impacts arising from the proposed Enen Nsit/Utuat market through Ekponwa Market hub – Afaha Udoeyop – Owot Uta junction adjoining Ikot Obio Offong – Afaha Ikot Owop – Obo Etok terminating at Obo Ntong market roads civil work activities. 1.1 Objectives of the RAP The aim of the RAP is to; i) identify and assess the direct social and economic risks and impacts of the proposed civil works at the Enen Nsit/Utuat market through Ekponwa market hub – Afaha Udoeyop – Owot Uta junction adjoining Ikot Obio Offong – Afaha Ikot Owop – Obo Etok terminating at Obo Ntong market road in Nsit Ibom & Ibesikpo Asutan LGAs of Akwa Ibom and, ii) prepare social and economic impacts mitigation measures to assists PAPs in line with World Bank Policy on involuntary resettlement and the relevant Nigeria policies and laws. 1.2 Justification for the preparation of the RAP The objectives and principles of the World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement is to ensure that persons involuntarily resettled due to the taking of land in the context of a project supported by the Bank should be given the opportunity to restore or improve their level of living standard to at least the pre-project level. The policy further stipulated that PAPs should participate in the benefits of the project and they should be given options regarding how they restore or improve their prior level of living. Experience has shown that involuntary resettlement can cause loss of income, assets, and community ties that, especially among the poor, can be essential for survival and well-being. In extreme cases, involuntary resettlement can lead to the dissolution of families, impoverishment and health problems. This Resettlement Action Plan will identify the project affected persons (PAPs), engage them in participatory discussions regarding the plan and the formulation of a plan of action to adequately identify those to be compensated.

1.3 RAP Methodology

The approach adopted for the RAP was in accordance with the applicable World Bank safeguard policies, the relevant Nigerian guidelines/laws and Terms of Reference (ToR). The methodology essentially entails Literature Review/Desktop Studies, Baseline Studies, Public Consultations and Preparation of RAP. 1.4.1 Literature Review/Desktop Studies Literature review and desktop studies were conducted to obtain information on the proposed project and ecological conditions in the project area. The documents reviewed include: Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF), Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), Project Implementation Manual (PIM), Project Appraisal Document (PAD), World Bank’s Safeguard Policies, relevant Federal/Akwa Ibom State laws, regulations, policies and guidelines, proposed intervention designs and reports including already completed ESMP and RAP reports for the various road construction/rehabilitation sites in Nigeria. 1.4.2 Public Consultation Consultations were held on the 25th of June and 9th of July, 2019 with stakeholders located within the project corridor particularly the relevant communities existing in the Nsit Ibom and Ibesikpo Asutan LGAs. Further consultations were equally held on the 12th and 13th of August 2019 with a cross section of PAPs numbering 30 (26 males and 4 females) with the Vice Chairman of Ibesikpo Asutan L.G.A, Hon. John Job, in attendance. The PAPs enquired to know if there will be compensation for their buildings and other assets. One of the PAPs, Sunday Edet Ukim from Nung Oku Ikot Ekere, owner of block of shops under construction was concerned about the possibility of losing his shops. He was assured that the road will be narrowed and realigned at certain portions in order to avoid some structures. The team however informed all stakeholders that any asset/property affected by the road will be adequately compensated for before the commencement of civil works. Adequate interactions were held with all the 50 PAPs along the project corridor. Table 10.1 documents specific concerns raised by the PAPs and the decisions taken in the consultations.

Stakeholders from relevant State Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Community Based Organizations (CBOs), community groups and leaders were equally consulted in order to identify institutional arrangements and additional capacity training needs for implementing and monitoring of the RAP. 1.4.3 Field Studies Field studies were carried out in order to gather additional information on the baseline social conditions that maybe potentially affected during the project implementation and operational phases. This involved census of project affected persons especially the individuals/communities/vulnerable groups and inventory of assets/structures located along the project corridor.

CHAPTER TWO: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

2.1 Project Description The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) has initiated the preparation of the Rural Access and Agricultural Marketing Project (RAAMP), the successor of the Second Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP-2). The project will be supported with financing from the World Bank and the French Development Agency (AFD) and will be guided by the Government’s Rural Travel and Transport Policy (RTTP). The lead agency for the Federal Government is the Federal Department of Rural Development (FDRD) of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD). The Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU) is overseeing the project on behalf of FDRD, while the respective state government of thirteen (13) participating states will implement it. The participating states are: six northern states (Kano, Katsina, Sokoto, Kebbi, Bauchi and Plateau) and seven southern states (Abia, Akwa Ibom, Kogi, Ogun, Oyo, Kwara, and Ondo). The overall objective of RAAMP is to improve rural access and agricultural marketing in selected participating states whilst enhancing sustainability of the rural and state road networks. It is believed that an improved rural access will enhance the agricultural potentials and marketing opportunities for the agrarian rural communities and, by extension, help in the improvement of livelihoods of the rural population.

The project includes 4 components, namely: • Component A: Improvement of Rural Access and Trading Infrastructure. a. Sub-component A.1: Major Civil Works. Support to major civil works: upgrading of rural roads and the construction of short-span (up to 15 meters) cross-drainage structures (culverts/bridges) on rural roads, and the physical improvement of the existing agro-logistics center at Ekponwa market and other rural markets along the project corridor including Obo Etok Market, Obontong Market, Nung Oku Ikot Ekere Market and Ikot Oku Ubo market. The construction of the road will enhance the evacuation of goods, which will in turn facilitate the timely delivery of agricultural inputs, services and technology that will increase productivity and production thereby boosting the economy of the people.; b. Sub-component A.2: Consultancies and Supervision. Support to the supervision and consultancy costs linked to the civil works. • Component B. Asset Management, Agro-logistics Performance Enhancement and Sector Reform. a. Sub-component B.1: Other Civil Works. Support the maintenance and spot improvement of rural roads; b. Sub-component B.2: Support for Improving Agro-logistics Activities. Support to Agro-logistics performance enhancement activities. This will include support to farms and cooperatives to reduce post-harvest losses and support to the small and medium- sized enterprises (SMEs) at the agro-logistics centers. The sub-component will proactively work to resolve issues faced by female entrepreneurs and market users. These activities will be identified through a targeted prior study, to be funded by the project; and c. Sub-component B.3: Consultancies Studies and Supervision. This sub-component will provide technical assistance support to state-level road sector reforms activities,

to the establishment of an asset management system, and to the design and supervision of civil works under the component. • Component C. Institutional Development, Project Management and Risk Mitigation. a. Sub-component C.1: Institutional Development and Project Management. This sub-component will involve support to institutional development of the rural transport, trading infrastructure and agro-logistics activities, maintenance and management. It will also support project operating costs, technical assistance consultancies, training and study tours, project monitoring and impact evaluation activities. Preparation activities connected to any future rural transport and trading projects, including studies and technical assistance to incorporate new states within the proposed project, will be supported by the sub-component. b. Sub-component C.2: Risk Mitigation and Resiliency. This sub-component will support project risk mitigation and resiliency activities, including sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA), gender, grievance redressal, rural road safety and climate resiliency of rural roads. • Component D. Contingent Emergency Response (US$0 million). The component will address any unforeseen emergency infrastructure needs following a natural disaster.

As part of RAAMP activities in Akwa-Ibom State, the 20.1km Enen Nsit/Utuat market through Ekponwa Market hub – Afaha Udoeyop – Owot Uta junction adjoining Ikot Obio Offong – Afaha Ikot Owop – Obo Etok terminating at Obo Ntong market road has been selected as the priority road for rehabilitation out of the 500km prioritized under the project. The road traverses 12 rural communities across two Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Nsit-Ibom and Ibesikpo Asutan in Akwa-Ibom State. 2.2 Project Location Akwa Ibom State, located in the South- South geopolitical zone of Nigeria, falls within equatorial rain forest belt with abundant rainfall. Akwa Ibom State is located in the south-south region of Nigeria along latitudes 50 00’N 70 50’E and longitudes 5.0000 N 7.8330 E with the capital city in Uyo. There are 31 Local Government Areas.

The State is bordered on the East by Cross River State, on the West by Rivers State and Abia States and on the South by the Atlantic Ocean and the Southern most tip of Cross River State. It has a land mass of 7,081km2. More than 75% of the State sits on level – to – gently undulating sandy plains where rivers are few and far between. The native vegetation has been almost completely replaced by secondary forest of predominantly wild oil palms, woody shrubs and various grass undergrowth. Mangroves cover extensive parts of the coastal local government areas, farmlands mixed with oil palm and degraded forests.

The State is connected by different classes of road network (Classes A, B and C). The proposed rehabilitation road project is a Class C (Rural Road). The existing road traverses between Ibesikpo Asutan and Nsit Ibom LGAs of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria and located between N4.88496; E7.90143 and N4.95443; E7.94200 and adjoining to the left on N4.90699; E7.88199 and to the right on N4.93452; E7. 95349. The route has an average width of between 7.0 -8.0m and characterised by narrow and failed portions largely due to erosion and waterlogging. There is evidence of community- based effort in maintaining the road especially at the waterlogged sections. The road is an earth road

Resettlement Action Plan for The Rehabilitation Of Enen Nsit/Utuat Market Through Ekponwa Market Hub – Afaha Udoeyop – Owot Uta Junction Adjoining Ikot Obio Offong – Afaha Ikot Owop – Obo Etok Terminating At Obo Ntong Market Road In Nsit Ibom & Ibesikpo Asutan LGA, Akwa Ibom State (Draft) with homogenous type of fill material throughout its length and no bituminous or any other form of seal surfacing. The maximum gradient is less than 5.0% in almost every part of the alignment. The existing Reinforced Concrete box culverts (3 Nos) along the route are all silted and inadequate due to poor turnouts, and surface run-off flows. There is no river/stream along the road and as such river crossing infrastructure will not be required.

Figure 1: Detailed description of the project location; Source: Akwa-Ibom RAAMP Field Survey, 2019

CHAPTER THREE: IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL PROJECT IMPACTS

3.1 Potential Impacts

3.1.1 Project component that give rise to resettlement Activities associated with component 1 civil works involving the road rehabilitation will result in varying degrees of impacts on PAPs. Table 1 provides an overview of potential activities at 3 project phases likely to generate adverse impacts during project implementation and operation.

Table 1: Project implementation phases and associated activities

S/N Project Phases Activities 1 Preconstruction Phase • Mobilization of equipment, materials and workers • Site clearing • Installation of site structures and facilities • Excavation of borrow pit 2 Construction Phase • Earthworks including excavation and grading • Construction of concrete side drains • Construction of concrete pipe and box culverts (1200mm) at appropriate locations; 3 Operation Phase • Road usage • Maintenance and repairs of road, drainage and culverts(repair of road cracks and potholes, desilting of drains, maintenance road markings and traffic signs, cleaning and vegetation control along the shoulders

The impact identification process began during scoping and continued throughout the field data gathering including stakeholder’s engagement process. 3.1.2 Zone of impact The existing road is 20.1km beginning at Enen Nsit/Utuat market through Ekponwa Market hub – Afaha Udoeyop – Owot Uta junction adjoining Ikot Obio Offong – Afaha Ikot Owop – Obo Etok terminating at Obo Ntong market. The road provides access to twelve (12) agrarian communities, ten (10) markets, thirteen (13) schools, four (4) health centres amongst other amenities in Nsit Ibom and Ibesikpo Asutan LGAs of Akwa Ibom State. These communities are 30 minutes’ drive from Uyo, the state capital. The table 2 below presents the zone of impacts in the selected priority roads:

Table 2: Zone of Impact

LGA S/N Community Coordinates List of Roads Distance Number of Amenities (Start, End) (km) PAPs within communities

Nsit 1 Edeobom N04.89607 Utuak Market 2.4 8 • Utuat Market Ibom E007.91861, junction – • Ekponwa N04.88496 Afaha Udoeyop Market E007.90134 • Secondary School • Mini Power Station 2 Obo Etok N04.90894 • Oboetok – 2 1 • Market E007.89915, Obontong • Public Water N04.91635 Works E007.91377 • School • Health Centre • Civic Centre 3 Obo Ntong N04.90669 • Obontong 2.1 1 • Primary E007.88188, School N04.90894 • Obo Ntong E007.89915 Market Ibesikpo 4 Ikot Obio N04.92826 • Ikot Obio 1.5 13 • Public Water Asutan Offong E007.94231, Offong –Nung Facilities N04.93458 Ukana • School E007.95364 5 Nung Ukana N04.92541 • Nung Ukana – 1 13 • Public Water E007.93388, Aba Ukpo Facilities N04.92826 • School E007.94231 • Community Centre 6 Aba Ukpo N04.92086 • Aba Ukpo – 1.2 1 • School E007.92445, Afaha Ikot • Market N04.92541 Owop E007.93388 7 Afaha Ikot N04.91635 • Afaha Ikot 1.3 5 • Migrant Owop E007.91377, Owop – Farmer’s N04.92086 Oboetok Children Pry E007.92445 School • Health Centre • Civic Centre 8 Afaha Udo N04.92336 • Afaha Udo 3.5 3 • Market Eyop E007.92347, Eyop – Itoko • St. Andrews N04.89607 Primary E007.91861 School • Health Centre 9 Itoko N04.93705 • Itoko – Nung 1.6 0 • School E007.91878, Oku Ikot Ekere • Market N04.92336 E007.92347 10 Nung Oku N04.94624 • Nung Oku Ikot 1.7 5 • Civic Centre Ikot Ekere E007.92658, Ekere – Ikot • St John’s N04.93705 Oku Ubo Lutheran E007.91878 School

• Public Water Facilities 11 Ikot Okubo N04.95262 • Ikot Okubo – 1.6 0 • Primary N007.93943, Owot Uta School N04.94624 • Public Water E007.92658 Facilities 12 Owot Uta N04.95445 • Owot Uta 0.3 0 • Market E007.94206, • School N04.95262 N007.93943

3.1.3 Alternatives considered The proposed road rehabilitation project has the potential of affecting livelihoods of PAP. To minimize adverse impacts on PAPs, the following consideration have been taken into the project design and discussions: • The design maintained a maximum with of 10 meters and in consistence with the existing ROW for the selected road with the view to avoid people’s assets where feasible through realignment and/or width reduction. • Local labour will be engaged as much as possible in the course of project implementation to reduce labour influx and its attendant effects on the community. • Aggressive awareness on sexuality and related issues will be mounted among workers and community members before and in the course of project implementation to reduce incidence of sexual exploitation, abuse, harassment etc. • Contractor will equally be made to take responsibility (in contract agreement) on integrating social safeguard measures to prevent or reduce sexual exploitation and related cases. • Adequate time will be allowed for harvesting of crops before commencement of construction and awareness will be created among members of affected communities to discourage further planting along the road corridor.

CHAPTER FOUR: CENSUS AND SOCIOECONOMIC DATA

4.1 Census of Project Affected Persons (PAPs): The census of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) was done on the cut-of-date. The objective of the exercise was to determine the number of PAPs to be affected and to match affected properties with rightful owner. As it can be seen form the table 3 below a total of 50 PAPs of which 43 are male and 7 are female will be affected by the project. The total PAPs are composed of 14 landlords, 10 tenants, 25 individuals and 1 vulnerable person.

Table 3: Census of Project Affected Persons

Sex Total No of PAPs S/N Person Male Female

1 Landlords 13 1 14

2 Tenants 5 5 10

3 Individuals 24 1 25

4 Vulnerable persons/Groups 1 0 1

Total 50

The 14 Landlords are property owners who will be losing their monthly rental income. The 10 tenants are PAPs who will be permanently or partially displaced from the rental place. 25 individuals are owners of agricultural trees/crops and businesses that will be affected. One person is considered vulnerable due to his/her inability to cope with social and economic shock that may emerge as a result of the project impact and will be provided resettlement assistance.

4.2 Socio-Economic Conditions of Project Area 4.2.1 Demography The population of the project area could not be scientifically determined as census statistics of 2006 for rural communities from the National Population Commission is neither processed nor updated. A sample of 260 households was evenly surveyed from across the 12 rural communities in the project area. The target was household head without recourse to gender affiliation. Summary of socioeconomic condition of the area is presented in Table 4 below:

Table 4: Summary of Socio-Economic Condition of Project Area

S/N Socio Economic Frequency Percentage Remarks Characteristic Male Female

1. Gender Distribution 179 81 100% Respondents are made up of 69% males and 31% females

2. Age of Respondents:

21 - 30 20 0 7% The result shows that 84% of the respondents are of active labour workforce while 16% are aged 31 - 40 60 40 38% persons who might be vulnerable by the impact of 41 - 50 60 20 31% the project activities. RAAMP will ensure that mitigation measures are implemented to cushion 51 – 59 20 0 8% the effect of project impacts on this group.

60+Above 20 20 16%

3. Level of Education: 45% of respondent have Secondary/Teachers College as their highest level of education, 10% have Primary 18 8 10% primary education and 45% have tertiary education. Secondary/Teachers College 68 49 45% This shows that majority of respondents have the minimum level of education that might help in Tertiary 68 49 45% making informed decision or participate meaningfully during discussions as it affects the project.

4. Average Monthly Income The result indicates that majority of the people are (N): poor based on the UN Sustainable Development 50 20 27% Goal (2018) Poverty threshold of US$1.90 per day 5,000 – 20,000

21,000 – 40,000 0 20 8%

41,000 – 60,000 30 20 19%

61,000+Above 30 0 11%

No response 70 20 35%

5. Occupation: The major occupations of respondents in the project area are: farming (46%), Trading/business Civil Work 20 0 8% (38%), Civil work 8% and Public work 8% Public Work 20 0 8%

Farming 80 40 46%

Trading/business 60 40 38%

Source: Akwa-Ibom RAAMP Field Survey, July 2019 4.2.2 Family Size Family size is ranked by 2-5 (small size), 6-9 (middle size), and 10-13 and above (large size). About 42%, 39% and 19% of the respondents belong to the category of 2-5 family size, 6-9 family size and 10-13 family size respectively. Generally, household size in the project area is not large.

Family Size of Respondents 2-5 (small size) 10-13 (Large size) 6-9 (Middle size)

Figure 2: Family Size of Respondents; Source: Akwa-Ibom RAAMP ESMP Field Survey, July 2019

4.2.3 Transportation Motorcycle is the major means of transportation in the area. Other means of transportation include bicycle, tricycle (keke), bus and car. Due to the poor nature of the road, movement of people and farm produce has become a problem over the years. This is more problematic during the rainy season as some sections of the road are failed or flooded, making it difficult for movement. This in the long run affects cost of transportation. The cost of transportation by motorbike ranges between N150-N500 per person depending on the proximity of the village to the market. 4.2.4 Agricultural Production Agriculture remains the dominant economic activity in the project area. Their farming is predominantly subsistence. However, basic crops produced within the project area include Oil Palm, Plantain/Banana, Maize, Cassava, fluted pumpkin and Yam. Farmers do not have access to improved seedlings, which affects the productivity of an average farmer. 4.2.5 Pattern of Spending The various categories of items that people of the project area dispense their income on include: Food consumption, general household necessities/utilities, health, cloth, Education and transport. Food consumption is the key item that takes the most of expenditure while transportation expenditure is the least (see pie chart). Income Expenditure Pattern Transportati The pattern of spending is well Education on… Food spread and likely to be 20% 34% enhanced with the improved General Clothing household agro access and marketing 14% Health nessities/ut opportunities of RAAMP. 12% ilities 13%

Figure 3: Income expenditure pattern; Source: Akwa-Ibom RAAMP ESMP Field Survey, July 2019

4.3 Socio Economic Characteristics of PAPs A total of 50 Project Affected Persons (PAPs) were identified along the project corridor. 43 are males while 7 are females. 46 are married (41 males and 5 females), 4 are singles (2 males and 2 females). A frequency distribution indicating age, education, means of livelihood and average monthly income is presented below 4.3.1 Age Analysis of age distribution of PAPs indicated that 34% of the PAPs to be impacted are in the age categories of 30-34 years old. This group is the most economically active in the community. It is also observed that 18% of the PAPs are within the age range of above 60 years. This group is consisting of elderly people who are very vulnerable to social and economic shocks.

Table 5: Age Distribution of PAPs

Category Male Female Total Percentage (%) 10 -19 0 0 0 0 20 -29 3 5 8 16 30-39 9 1 10 20 40-49 16 1 17 34 50-59 6 0 6 12 60-69 1 0 1 2 >69 8 0 8 16 Total 43 7 50 100 Source: Akwa-Ibom RAAMP Field Survey, August 2019

Given that most economically active members of PAPs and good number of elderly people will likely be impacted by the project, this RAP contains a provision of N2,500,000.00 to support livelihood restoration support to those PAPs who will be qualified for additional assistance or support.

4.3.2 Education AS shown in the table below, about 92 % of the PAPs have secondary and primary school education while only 8% acquired tertiary education. All PAPs had some form of formal education. This will enable them to actively participate in the engagement process in the course of project implementation.

Table 6: Educational Status of PAPs

Level of Education Male Female Total Percentage (%) TERTIARY 4 0 4 8 SECONDARY 14 7 21 42 PRIMARY 25 0 25 50 NO FORMAL 0 0 0 0 EDUCATION Total 43 7 50 100 Source: Akwa-Ibom RAAMP Field Survey, August 2019 4.3.3 Monthly income Analysis of PAPs monthly income indicated that 80% of the PAPs earn only US$1.192 per day which is below the poverty threshold established by the UN while 16%, 2% and 2 % earn only US$ 2.90, US$ 4.80 and US$ 5.80 respectively.

Table 7: Monthly Income Distribution of PAPs

Income Male Female Total Percentage (%) 5,000 – 20,000 34 6 40 80 21,000 – 40,000 7 1 8 16 41,000 – 60,000 1 0 1 2 61,000 1 0 1 2 Total 43 7 50 100

2 UN Sustainable Development Goal (2018) Poverty threshold of US$1.90 per day.

Source: Akwa-Ibom RAAMP Field Survey, August 2019

4.3.4 Means of Livelihood Majority of the PAPs are farmers. The road rehabilitation project will provide them access to market for their products which in turn will likely increase their earning. As shown in the table below, the PAPs in the impact corridor earn their livelihood from different sources. It is observed that 46% of them are earning their livelihoods from farm while 44% of them earn their income from their informal businesses and trading activities.

Table 8: Means of Livelihood of PAPs

Means of Livelihood Male Female Total Percentage (%) Farming 23 0 23 46 Trading 7 3 10 20 Pension 1 0 1 2 Driving 2 0 2 4 Carpentry 1 0 1 2 Informal Business 8 4 12 24 No means of income 1 0 1 2 Total 43 7 50 100 Source: Akwa-Ibom RAAMP Field Survey, August 2019 All the community members and PAPs welcomed the road project and were eager for its implementation, and all the PAPs preferred payment of cash as compensation. The survey findings which reveal farming and trading as the major occupation of the PAPs and other members of communities along the road project corridor justify the need for the road rehabilitation project, most especially as it would enhance evacuation of farm products to markets. Major infrastructure found in the project community include Public Schools (10 primary and 3 secondary schools), Markets (5), Health Centres (3), Civic Centres (4) and Water Facilities (2). All communities along the project corridor are connected to the national grid.

CHAPTER FIVE: LEGAL POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

5.1 Introduction This chapter summarizes the key elements and provisions of the relevant policy and regulatory frameworks used for the preparation of the RAP. 5.2 Legal and Policy Gap: Nigerian Land Use Act and World Bank Operational Policy 4.12 Whereas the Nigerian Land Use Act 1978 is the bases for all land management and administration in Nigeria including land acquisition, expropriation and compensation, it is found to give too much right to the government and deprives the project affected persons the fair rights to choice of involuntary resettlement, entitlement and grievance redress.

The scope of category of persons entitled to compensation according to the Act is limited to customary right holders and statutory right holders and therefore, undermines the right of users, renters and squatters whose livelihoods are depended on the land being acquired. This is a major departure from the World Bank policy (see details of legislation gap analysis in Table 5.1) which stipulates that all project affected persons irrespective of landholding rights are entitled to one form of compensation or the other in order not to be economically worse-off as a result of project activities. The Nigerian Land Use Act also differs from the World Bank policy in the principle of equity in asset valuation and entitlement which according to the Banks guideline should be based on the current market rate for replacement of project affected items.

5.3 The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of RAAMP The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for RAAMP3 was prepared as a guide to set out the general terms under which land acquisition/encroachment, and/or any form of involuntary displacement of persons from the land or right of way of the project can take place. It sets out the objectives and principles of the World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement. The RPF for RAAMP was reviewed, cleared and disclosed in-country on June 12, 2018 and on the World Bank’s external website on October 9, 20184. In the overall, a major objective of the RPF was to ensure that PAPs are meaningfully consulted, involved in the planning process and are adequately compensated to the extent that at least their pre- displacement incomes have been restored and in a fair and transparent process. The preparation of this RAP is consistent with the guidelines and recommendations of the RPF. 5.4 Relevant Nigeria Acts and Legislations The Land Use Act, Cap 202, 1990 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria5 is the applicable law regarding ownership, transfer, acquisition and all such dealings on Land. The provisions of the Act vest every Parcel of Land in every State of the Federation in the Executive Governor of the State. All lands irrespective of the category belongs to the State while individuals only enjoy a right of occupancy as

3 See the RPF for more details 4 See PAD 5 See the The Land Use Act, Cap 202, 1990 for more details

contained in the certificate of occupancy, or where the grants are “deemed”. Thus the Land Use Act is the key legislation that has direct relevance to resettlement and compensation in Nigeria. 5.5 The World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP. 4.12) The Bank’s policy on Involuntary Resettlement6 advocates that where feasible, involuntary resettlement should be avoided or minimized. Resettlement shall be conceived and executed as a sustainable development program, where it is inevitable, providing sufficient investment resources to enable persons displaced by the project share in project benefit.

5.6 Review of Policies, Legal and Institutional Frameworks A comprehensive review of the legal and institutional frameworks is presented below:

5.6.1 Local Laws and Customs Governing Resettlement: Relevant national regulatory laws governing resettlement are as follows:

5.6.1.1 The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria The Constitution of the Federal Republic prohibits compulsory acquisition by the State of property without the prompt payment of compensation. It recognizes: ➢ The right to private property; to acquire and own property and to protection by the State, ➢ The right of access to a court of law or tribunal for the determination of interest in the property and the amount of compensation.

5.6.1.2 Land Use Act The Legal basis for land acquisition and resettlement in Nigeria is the Land Use Act 1978 (modified in 1990). Basic rights and directives governing land/ property-take under this act include:

❖ All lands in the territory of a state are vested in the governor of that state, to be held in trust and administered for the use and common benefit of all Nigerians; ❖ Governors possess lawful authority to revoke a right of occupancy for overriding public interest.

The Land Use Act of 1978 (LUA), the Constitution of 1999 and the Public Lands Acquisition Laws of the relevant states constitute the governing policy for land acquisition in Nigeria. As is the case with most national and state laws on compulsory acquisition of land in the public interest or for a public purpose, the legislation enables the State to acquire land (more precisely, to abrogate leases and other authorizations to occupy land). The Acts also specify the procedures the State must follow to clear the land and define the compensatory measures the State must implement in order to compensate the people affected.

Under the LUA, there are two types of land rights (USAID, 2010):

6 See world Bank OP 4.12 for more details

• Statutory occupancy rights: Individuals and entities can obtain a statutory right for occupancy of urban and non-urban land. Recipients of Certificates of Occupancy are obligated to pay the state for any unexhausted improvements (i.e. improvements with continuing value such as a building or irrigation system) on the land at the time the recipient takes possession and must pay rent fixed by the State. Rights are transferrable with the authorization of the State Governor.

• Customary right of occupancy: Local Governments may grant customary rights of occupancy to land in any non-urban area to any person or organization for agricultural, residential, and other purposes, including grazing and other customary purposes ancillary to agricultural use. The term for customary rights (which is contained in the application form and not the legislation) is 50 years and may be renewed for a second 50-year term. Recipients of customary rights of occupancy must pay annual tax on the land and cannot transfer any portion of the rights without approval of the Governor (for sales of rights) or the local government (other transfers).

The LUA vests all land in the urban areas of each state under the control and management of the Governor of the State. The Governor of the State holds the land in trust for the people of the state and is solely responsible for the allocation of land in all urban areas to individuals who reside in the state and to organizations for residential, agricultural and commercial purposes. All other land in the State subject to conditions under the LUA is under the control and management of the local government. The Act divests traditional owners of land and vests such land in the state Governor for the benefit and use of all Nigerians. It provides the processes through which land may be acquired by the Federal Government.

On rural land where there are no formal title deeds and any land rights are customarily held, compensation for land acquisition is only provided for buildings, crops and other ‘improvements’ to the land as well as rent for the year the land was occupied. Payment is not paid for land itself since customary ownership is not recognized by government.

For community-owned land where ownership is not claimed by any one individual or family, the Governor will determine who receives the compensation. This might be the community or the chief or a community leader who can make use of the money according to customary law. Alternatively, money can be paid into a community fund. The Governor has the power to cancel the right that any person has to live on or make use of any piece of land, if the land is required for use in the interest of the public. This includes mining and oil pipelines. Rights to land cease with immediate effect upon receipt of notice from the Governor

5.6.1.3 Customary Law Under customary law, land can be owned by the community; clan or family; traditional institutions; or individual. Diverse customary practices exist from place to place, which permit lands to be sold, given away, inherited or reserved, as the case may be. By Nigerian law, where land is owned by the community, compensation may be paid to the chief on behalf of the community or into a specially designated fund for the benefit of the community.

5.6.1.4 Nigeria’s Cultural Policy (1996) The National Cultural Policy is generally regarded as an instrument of promotion of national identity and Nigerian unity, as well as of communication and cooperation among different Nigerian and/or African cultures. • Cultural Heritage laws on Archaeological excavations The definition of Cultural Object is designated under the National Commission of Museums and Monuments laws, ordinances and decrees issued in 1969, 1974 and 1979 consolidated in NCMM Act, chapter 242, Laws of Nigeria, 1990 and the National Archives Decree No 30 of 1992. Under the laws establishing these institutions who are in charge of the protection of Cultural property in Nigeria. Cultural Object is captured as antiquities, quoting inter alia Section 32(a-c) I, ii,” a) Any object of archaeological interest or land in which any such object was discovered or is believed to exist; or b) Any relic of early human settlement or colonization; or c) any work of art or craft work; including any statutes, model, clay, figure, figure cast or rust metal, carving, house post, door, ancestral figure, religious mask, staff, drum, bolt, ornament, utensil, weapon, armour, regalia, manuscript or document if such work of art or craft work is of indigenous origin and – (i) was made or fashioned before the year 1918; or (ii) is of historical, artistic or scientific interest and is or has been used at any time in the performance and for the purposes of any traditional ceremony...”

Summary of the basic principles of the regulations on archaeological excavations and on the monitoring of excavations in force in the country are noted below. Under NCMM Act, Chapter 242, Laws of Nigeria, 1990, Section 19 (i) titled “Excavation and Discoveries” Section 19 (1) No person shall by means of excavation or similar operations search for any antiquities unless authorized by permit issued by the Commission and with the consent of the State Government in whose territory the search is to be carried out. (2) The commission shall before issuing a permit under this section satisfy itself that the applicant is competent by training and experience to carry out the operations for which the permit is required and may in its discretion require to be satisfied that he has the financial means or the finance or other support of an archaeological or scientific society or institutions of good repute (3) A permit issued under this section – (a) may be made subject to such conditions as the Commission may think fit to impose; (b) may at any time be revoked by the Commission without any reason being assigned;

(c) shall not be of itself any right to enter upon any land without the consent of the holder or occupier of the land or of any other person entitled to grant such consent. (4) Notwithstanding the issue of a permit under this section, the person to whom the permit was issued and all persons engaged in any excavation or other operations to which the permit relates shall, if so required by any person duly authorised in writing by the Commission, suspend such operations until notified by the Commission that they may be resumed. (5) Any person who contravenes the provision of sub-section (1) or (4) of this section or fails to comply with any conditions of a permit granted to him under this section, shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine of N500 or to imprisonment for six months or to both such fine and imprisonment. Section 20- (1) Any person who discover an object of archaeological interest in the course of operations mentioned in the Subsection (1) above shall, not later than 7 days thereafter, give notice thereof together with particulars of the place and the circumstances of the discovery to the Commission and to the Secretary to the local government where such discovery is made or to such other persons as may be prescribed. (3) Any person who knowingly fails to comply with any of the foregoing provisions for this section shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine of N500 or to imprisonment for six months or both such fine and imprisonment. There is an association called The Art Rescuers of Nigeria which is formed by different individual Nigerians scattered all over the countries comprising of about 100 art agents empowered by the National Commission for Museums to retrieve cultural objects in the different communities spread all over Nigeria. Presently, the Government is trying to sensitise the different communities on the importance of cultural objects so that they will understand it’s centrality to their very existence itself.

5.6.1.5 National Social Legislation In the consideration of Nigerian social legislation, the following issues may be some of the important social aspects of the Project: • Resettlement and displacement; • Community health and safety; • Labour, working conditions and employment; • Cultural property; • Economic activities; and • Access to fishing. The following pieces of legislation would be the applicable regulatory instruments.

5.6.2 International Best Practice Standards and Guidelines Development Finance Institutions such as the World Bank provide guidance on their requirements for the RAP process and place emphasis on achieving sustainable environmental, social and health outcomes.

The overall Project design and this RAP are based on relevant guidelines published by the World Bank and therefore are expected to meet the resettlement requirements of potential lending institutions.

The international requirements and standards have been considered within the RAP process and are described below:

• World Bank's Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies, including:

• OP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement (World Bank OP 4.12) 5.6.2.1 OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement According to the World Bank’s safeguard policy on Involuntary Resettlement, physical and economic dislocation resulting from World Bank funded developmental Projects should be avoided or minimized as much as possible.

Unavoidable displacement should involve the preparation and implementation of a RAP to address the direct economic and social impacts resulting from the resettlement. Under World Bank OP 4.12, the steps required for resettlement preparation and planning are as follows (World Bank, 2004):

• Step 1: Land Acquisition Assessment: to establish the extent, location and current use of the land required for the Project.

• Step 2: Avoid / Minimise Resettlement: seek alternative locations / routes for the Project.

• Step 3: Household Census and Socioeconomic Survey: an inventory of persons by the Project and associated assets (including physical structures and land-based assets such as crops and grazing land). They are usually conducted in close coordination with local government officials so that the data can be validated.

• Step 4: Legal Framework: used as a basis for acceptance and enforcement of terms included in the RAP. It also enables eligibility criteria and entitlements to be decided based on relevant local and international requirements. This step defines the cut-off date for entitlements.

• Step 5: Stakeholder Consultation: consultation with the affected population in order to ensure that the resettlement plan is implemented fairly, meeting the needs of all concerned. It allows local communities to express their concerns and answer questions and is the forum in which valuation and grievance procedures are discussed and agreed.

• Step 6: Feasibility Study of Resettlement Sites: determines the viability, of residential and agricultural sites. It includes a host population capacity assessment to evaluate the availability of water, soil quality and topography; it also includes a needs assessment to ensure that the sites meet the needs of both the host and resettled communities.

• Step 7: Feasibility of Income Improvement Measures / Livelihood Restoration and Capacity Development: determines the technical, economic and financial feasibility of programs proposed to restore the livelihoods of those economically affected by the Project and includes assessing training needs, vacancies and opportunities for job creation.

• Step 8. Implementation: involves setting up the working groups/institutional framework to manage resettlement, putting the grievance mechanism in place, moving and resettling affected persons, distributing compensation and managing livelihood restoration programmes. 5.6.3 Differences between Nigerian Law and OP 4.12 There are clear differences between OP 4.12 and Nigeria policy guidelines on (i) eligibility and valuation of compensations. Country legislature stops at compensation for lost assets, whereas the OP 4.12 goes further with measures to ensure that (i) Displaced people are not worse-off after displacement; (ii) Threatened livelihoods and coping strategies are strengthened; (iii) Incomes, ways of life and socio-cultural networks are restored; and (iv) Consultation and participation protocols allow displaced persons to enjoy greater benefit of voice and choice in the resettlement process etc. These and other differences are elaborated in Table 9 below.

Table 9: Comparison of Nigerian Legislation and World Bank Resettlement Policy

Resettlement Nigeria’s policy OP 4.12 Addressing the gaps aspect Land owners Cash compensation based Recommends land-for-land The eligible PAPs will be compensated upon market value. compensation. Other compensation is at on replacement cost. replacement cost.

Land tenants Entitled to compensation Are entitled to some form of Those with legal right on the land are based upon the amount compensation whatever the legal compensated and those without any of rights they hold upon recognition of their occupancy. form of rights on the land but affected land. by the project as of the cut of date are given a form of compensation based on impacts. Owners of Cash compensation based Entitled to in-kind compensation or Entitled to in-kind compensation or “Nonpermanent” on market value. cash compensation at full replacement cash compensation at full replacement and “permanent” cost including labor and relocation cost including labor and relocation buildings expenses, prior to displacement. expenses, prior to displacement.

Encroachers and No compensations Entitled to compensation for buildings, Entitled to compensation for buildings, squatters. Illegal structures, installations and structures, installations and structures improvements and other assistance improvements and other assistance measures measures

Consultation Silent Insists upon consultation and informed Insists upon consultation and informed participation of all affected persons participation of all affected persons throughout resettlement process. throughout resettlement process.

Loss of Silent Provide assistance to offset the loss of Provide assistance to offset the loss of Access/Rights of such resources to a community such resources to a community Way

Livelihoods Silent Compensation for loss of assets at full Compensation for loss of assets at full replacement cost and other assistance replacement cost and other assistance to improve or at least restore standards to improve or at least restore standards of living and livelihoods. of living and livelihoods. Communal resources Where land is owned by Where land is collectively owned, the Where land is collectively owned, the the community, project is to offer land-base project is to offer land-base compensation may be compensation where feasible compensation where feasible paid to the chief on Endeavour to offset the loss of Endeavour to offset the loss of behalf of the community communal resources through support communal resources through support or into a specially for initiatives that enhance the for initiatives that enhance the designated fund for the productivity of the remaining resources, productivity of the remaining resources, benefit of the community in-kind or cash compensation for loss in-kind or cash compensation for loss of access, or provide access to of access, or provide access to alternative sources of the lost resource. alternative sources of the lost resource. Resettlement Silent Affected persons provided with Affected persons provided with assistance assistance with movement, transition assistance with movement, transition support and to re-establish access to support and to re-establish access to lost resources. lost resources.

Vulnerable groups Silent Provide relocation assistance suited to Provide relocation assistance suited to the needs of each group of displaced the needs of each group of displaced persons, with particular attention paid persons, with particular attention paid to the needs of the poor and the to the needs of the poor and the vulnerable. vulnerable.

Grievance Land Use Act provides for Requires the elaborate design of Requires the elaborate design of establishment of a Land multiple orders of grievance redress multiple orders of grievance redress Use and Allocation mechanism, which provides varied mechanism, which provides varied Committee in each state to access to suit PAPs understanding and access to suit PAPs understanding and arbitrate compensation comfort for dispute resolution comfort for dispute resolution promptly related disputes. Either promptly in an impartial and in an impartial and transparent manner. party may seek judicial transparent manner Recognizes judicial redress as the last redress in the courts. option.

The RAP for this channelization and construction project will be aligned with the World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) which indicates best practices to rehabilitation of livelihoods of people affected by the implementation of the project. Hence, where there are gaps between the Land Use Act (1978) and the World Bank Policy (OP 4.12), the policy or the legal provision that offers better choice to PAPs will be applied.

CHAPTER SIX: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

6.1 Organizational Arrangement The implementation of this RAP shall require close collaboration among all the project stakeholders. The roles and responsibilities of all the various relevant stakeholders in the implementation and administration of the RAP are presented in Table 10.

Table 10: Roles and Responsibilities for Implementation of the RAP

S/N Category Role and Responsibilities 1 Akwa Ibom State RAAMP • Develop and implement RAP and other safeguard SPIU instruments; • Drives activities of procurement, capacity building, service- provider mobilization, and monitoring; • Coordinates the many participating MDAs at State and Local Government levels; • Prepare a detailed action plan and time table for the day to day RAP implementation; • Organise the necessary training and capacity building measures for the unit itself and for other partner organisations and committees; • Establish all local level institutions and committees which will participate in the implementation of the RAP and provide them with the necessary training and capacity building measures; • Coordinates and undertake compensation activities in accordance with the principles and procedures specified in the RAP; • Implement the income restoration and social development program and projects in accordance with the principles and procedures specified in the RAP; • Ensure the systematic monitoring, review and evaluation of the RAP in accordance with the framework and guidelines provided in the RAP; • Monitor and take corrective actions and submit reports to the relevant higher bodies for timely action; • Implement the RAP including their involvement to redress complaints and internal monitoring; • Organise the necessary orientation and training for SPIU officials in consultation with communities; • Implement payment of compensation and other measures (relocation and rehabilitation entitlement) to PAPs in a timely manner • Ensure that progress reports are submitted to the World Bank regularly through the AKS SPMU. 2 Akwa Ibom RAAMP Social • Initiates the implementation of the RAP; Safeguards Officer (SSO) • Reviews and approve contractor’s implementation plan for the social and livelihoods impacts mitigation measures (or mitigation and enhancement measures); • Liaises with the Contractors and SPIU on implementation of the RAP; • Coordinates on behalf of SPIU day to day activities with the relevant line departments and oversee the implementation of RAP instrument, prepare compliance reports with statutory requirements, etc;

• Monitors and supervises regularly the implementation of RAP; • Observe payment of compensation to PAPs; • Identifies and liaises with all relevant stakeholders for the RAP implementation • Responsible for the enforcement of all safeguard requirements and ensuring the sustainability of all RAP provisions. 3. Akwa Ibom RAAMP • Develops the monitoring and evaluation protocol; Monitoring and Evaluation • Conducts monitoring of RAP implementation activities; Officer (M&E) • Provides early alert to redress any potential problems; • Monitors implementation of the RAP at the local and community levels; • Acts as liaison to AKS-RAAMP SPIU, SMDAs and other organisations and groups working towards implementation of the Project and RAP; • Provides technical support to all stakeholders for the implementation of project and RAP; • Facilitates interaction and cooperation between all stakeholders to ensure smooth implementation of the project and RAP. • Monitors target achievements; • Identifies non-performance and take corrective actions. 4 Akwa Ibom RAAMP SPMC • Review, update and approve work program and activities for the implementation of the RAP; • Review, update and approve operational guidelines of contractor’s work plans for and other agencies for implementation of the RAP; • Develop and supervise inter-agency/organisation collaborations for the smooth implementation of the RAP; • Provide technical support to all stakeholders necessary for smooth implementation of the RAP. 5. Akwa Ibom State Ministry of • Ensure compliance with existing regulatory provisions in the Lands and Housing, matters of land acquisition and compensation payments; • Supervise and enforce full payment of compensation benefits to PAPs; • Make appropriate recommendations or inputs into the compensation payment process to ensure smooth implementation. Akwa Ibom State Ministry of • Collaborate with AKS-RAAMP SPIU to prepare Agriculture and approve work program and activities for the RAP; • Supervise and monitor implementation of the RAP; • Make appropriate recommendations or inputs into the compensation payment process to ensure smooth implementation.

6. Local Government • Coordinates activities at the local level for implementation of Technical the RAP; Committee/Officers • Ensures appraisal of properties affected by the project and for which compensation is to be paid; • Coordinates sensitization and awareness campaigns at the local and community levels on the project and RAP; • Appoints a suitable Desk Officer for RAP information management Participates in grievance redress; 7. Akwa Ibom RAAMP • Responsible for supervision of compensation activities;

Resettlement and • Carry out meetings regularly with all PAPs; Compensation • Provide all necessary information to PAPs regarding guidance Implementation value and basis for calculations to be used for compensation payments; Committee (RIC) • Carry out appraisal of PAPs and PAAs and finalize entitlements for each PAP; • Prepare detailed implementation plan (quarterly) and pay entitlements to PAPs; • Ensure efficient implementation of the RAP; • Ensure that all grievances related to the payment of compensation to PAPs and other stakeholders are promptly addressed in consultation with AKS-RAAMP SPIU. 8. Community • Perform external monitoring functions to ensure compliance Committees/Interest with RAP provisions/requirements; Groups/Traditional • Support and assist in the mobilization of various relevant Authorities grassroot interest groups and stakeholders. (NGOs/CBOs/CSOs) • Serve and support in the identification of genuine • PAPs for compensation payments; • Assist in resolving grievance of PAPs; • Provide support to PAPs during pre and post compensation payments. • Select livelihood opportunities to all PAPs and community interest groups. • Participate in the development approval and implementation of livelihood restoration activities and programs. • Mobilize and support all vulnerable groups particularly the aged widows, orphans and the disabled to get their compensation entitlements and livelihood support assistance; 9. Grievance Redress Committee • Publicize within the list of affected persons and the functioning of the grievance redress procedure established; • Evaluate grievances from affected persons concerning the application to them of the Entitlement Policy; • Recommend to the Social Officer, PIU as the case may be, solutions to such grievances from affected persons; • Communicate the decisions to the Claimants; • Hear appeals from persons, households or groups who, not being affected persons, believe that they are qualified to be recognized as affected persons, to recommend to the PIU whether such persons should be recognized as affected persons, and to communicate the decision of the PIU in that regard to the Claimants; • Ensure that all notices, forms, and other documentation required by Claimants are made available in Local language understood by people • Made provision for complainants to submit claims without fear of retaliation. 10. The Contractor • Comply with relevant contract clauses on resettlement issues. • Establish good community relations. • Train the workforce, and avoid any form of discrimination in terms of gender, religion or tribe. • As much as possible employ the workforce from the project catchment area, and also make procurement therein.

• Try to provide local infrastructure and services in the course of executing the project. • Ensure that workers and site staff are sensitive to the customs and way of life of the communities. • Promptly repair any damage to utility services or infrastructure of the community in implementation of the project. 11. PAPs • Receive compensation and move away from impact areas promptly • Coordinate with the survey team/Resettlement Committee in carefully checking and signing off their affected lands and other assets as well as their entitlements; • Make themselves available during census and participation in implementation; • Provide feedback on improving the quality of the RAP and suggesting solutions for its effective implementation and • Submit concerns through the right grievance redress channel.

CHAPTER SEVEN: ELIGIBILITY

7.1 Overview The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of RAAMP provides guidelines and procedures for identifying eligible persons for compensation and various entitlements for varied categories. This section provides definition of displaced persons and criteria for determining their eligibility for compensation and other resettlement assistance, including the cut-off date.

7.2 Definition of PAPs The census carried out has enabled the identification of those affected and eligible for assistance and the nature of assistance. Persons who are residing within the 20.1km priority roads corridor and fall under the eligibility criteria stated in OP 4.12 paragraph 15(a), (b) and (c) shall be considered as PAPs and will be eligible for compensation and resettlement assistance under this RAP. 7.3 Eligibility Criteria PAPs who meets the following three eligibility criteria are eligibility for resettlement benefits: i) Persons holding legal title (or the equivalent in customary-law) to the land they occupy or use to derive their livelihood are entitled to full replacement compensation for their property and other resettlement assistance, ii) Persons lacking title but with legal rights that can be ratified by recognized legal process, e.g. Heirs to an estate are entitled to full replacement compensation for their property and other resettlement assistance, iii) Persons with no legal or legitimate claim to the land they occupy, or use are entitle to resettlement assistance,

Those having legitimate rights shall receive assistance to regularize their status and shall be treated just as those having legal rights. Persons having no legal rights to land under law may not be compensated for the land they occupy but they are entitled to compensation for other assets (e.g. housing) and to receive assistance. In practice, this may mean that squatters and other non-legal occupants receive the same entitlement as those having legal rights Tenants may be granted resettlement entitlements along with owners or they may be given a subsidy to find a new rental property. Entitlements shall include transitional support such as moving expenses, assistance with food and childcare during a move and other needed support. All PAPs irrespective of their status, whether they have formal titles, legal rights or not, squatters or otherwise encroaching illegally on land, are eligible for some kind of assistance if they occupied the project area before the cut-off date. 7.4 Cut-off Date The cut-off-date was fixed for 16th July, 2019, one week from the community entry/consultation exercise. It was communicated through public announcement during community stakeholders engagement at Edeobom (for communities in Nsit Ibom L.G.A) on the 25th June, 2019 and at Afaha Udo Eyop (for communities in Ibesikpo Asutan L.G.A) on the 9th of July, 2019.

7.5 Proof of Eligibility An identification mechanism has been developed as proof of eligibility for compensation of the PAPs. A list of PAPs and their compensation carrying their names, phone numbers, photographs of their properties, GPS coordinates and special catalogue numbers is found in Annex A. The list also highlights their socio-economic status and compensation costs. PAPs with no phone numbers shall be identified by their community leaders so long as the name being used for claim is one recognized in the census register and the catalogue containing the PAP Identity Card.

7.6 Entitlement Matrix for the PAPs Involuntary resettlement under RAAMP sub-projects will be implemented according to a compensation eligibility and entitlements matrix in line with both Nigerian extant laws and WB OP 4.12. A summary entitlements matrix specific for this project is detailed in the RPF for RAAMP.7

Table 11: Entitlement Matrix

Type of Loss Application Eligibility Criteria Compensation Entitlements

Buildings/Structures Destruction of PAPs permanently Recognized/formal In addition to compensation for loss permanent immovable losing houses owner of affected of land, PAP will receive structures such as structure irrespective compensation and replacement value Residential/commercial of land ownership for the house and will be provided buildings and shops status with resettlement assistance to ensure that PAPs relocate to a new house with access to services and security of tenure. In addition, PAPs can be allowed to collect scraps of building materials from the displaced structure. PAPs losing Tenants The PAPs will be paid 3 months’ accommodations rental and transition allowance for

lost structures.

Squatters Not eligible for compensation for the house. The PAP will be informed 3 months in advance to move and receive compensation for

7 See RPF for details

Type of Loss Application Eligibility Criteria Compensation Entitlements the structure(s) to the encroached land as well as support in kind or cash to move belongings to new location. Squatters are not entitled for the compensation for the land occupied. Non-residential PAPs losing non- Recognized/formal Land for land or Compensation at structures (barns, residential owner of affected full replacement cost for lost fences, etc) structures structure irrespective structures, in addition of of land ownership compensation for loss of land. status Tenants/lease holder PAPs will be paid rental and transition allowance for lost

structures. Squatters/Non- Non eligible for land compensation legalizable users but for compensation at full replacement cost of all structures built by the non-legalizable user

Loss of Income and Livelihood from crops and economic trees Crops Standing crops All PAPs regardless of When possible PAPs will be given affected or loss of legal status enough time to harvest existing planned crop crops to avoid economic loss to incomes them. Where not feasible, cash compensation for crops at full

market current value in the locality. Trees Trees affected All PAPs regardless of Cash compensation at market rate of legal status estimated annual/seasonal yields/harvest of the tree multiply by the number of seasons it will take for a nursery to mature to yielding; plus the cost of planting and nurturing (labour) as well as provision for annual inflation till the nursery mature and start to yielding at pre-project level production. Business Income Loss

Type of Loss Application Eligibility Criteria Compensation Entitlements Informal Businesses Low patronage of Business is identified Allowance equivalent to 6 months of business along project corridor minimum national wage for and confirmed to be disruption of business adversely affected. Traders Loss of income Business is identified Allowance equivalent to 6 months of along project corridor minimum national wage for loss of and confirmed to be income adversely affected.

Allowances Vulnerable People Vulnerable People Persons below Allowance equivalent to 6 months of Allowances Allowances poverty line, single minimum national wage subsistence mother headed income. This is in addition to any household, disabled or compensation that the VPs may be elderly entitled to if he/she falls within the above listed categories

Temporary use of land Permanent/Temporary Acquisition of land Land owner (Persons Replacement with land of equal acquisition of land for project with formal right to size and quality in locations purposes land or without adjudged as same in value to the formal legal right to acquired one. If land replacement land but have is not possible or available then recognizable claim to cash compensation at full land recognized replacement value inclusive of under the prevailing transaction cost (taxes, fees, levies local land tenure) etc) and relocation assistance Financial compensation for any crops or trees acquired or destroyed; compensation for any rent received from land; replacement land if lack of access Tenant/User Are will last for an agricultural cycle entitled to and prevent farmers from either compensation for planting or harvesting crops. crops cultivated on their rented land and

Type of Loss Application Eligibility Criteria Compensation Entitlements any other Return of land to land user after improvements made, use as well as livelihood

restoration. Civil works Contractor will lease land required temporarily during construction on voluntary basis where land user will have the right to say no (e.g., willing leaser-willing lessee basis). The maximum period for temporary use is defined as 2 years. Lease rates to be paid should not be less than lease at current market rates, plus compensation for any loss of crops or trees at gross value of 2 year’s harvest of crops on the affected lands. It is also required that lands (or other assets) be fully cleared and restored following use. Compensation and resettlement assisted related to this type of project activity shall be the responsibility of the contractor. Loss of agricultural . (a) Owner/s of crops (a) Cash compensation for loss of crops, and fruit. Loss or trees. Includes agricultural crops at current market of income by crops trees owned by value of mature crops, based on agricultural tenants encroachers/squatters average production. because of loss of land (b) /tenant Compensation for loss of fruit trees they were cultivating Persons working on for average fruit production years to the affected lands be computed at current market value.

Compensation for loss of wood- trees at current market value of wood (timber or firewood, as the case may be).

Type of Loss Application Eligibility Criteria Compensation Entitlements (b) Partial compensation to tenants for loss of their crops/trees as per due share or agreement (verbal or written) One-time lump sum grant to agricultural tenants (permanent, short-term or long-term agricultural labor (this will be in addition to their shares in crop/tree compensation) a) perennial crops: Harvesting of the crops will be given a first priority but where harvesting is not possible, counting of the affected crops will be done in the presence of the owner. Computation of the costs will be done according to market rates b) Annual crops: Crops will be harvested by the owner and therefore no compensation will be paid for crops. Where crops cannot be harvested, compensation at the market rate will be paid Resettlement Policy for the RAAMP (2018) .

CHAPTER EIGHT: VALUATION AND COMPENSATION

8.1 Valuation This section shall examine the methodology used in valuing losses to determine their replacement cost and description of the proposed type and level of compensation and resettlement assistance to be provided to PAPs as well as measures considered to achieve full replacement cost for lost assets. 8.2 Valuation Methodology: The valuation methodology is in line with RAAMP’s Resettlement Policy Framework and covers all categories of impacts/assets identified during the social assessment and described in the entitlement matrix. The essence is to ensure appropriate procedure and fair compensation to the project affected groups that are in tandem with OP 4.12. Therefore, the basis of this valuation is derived from the OP 4.12 of the World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement and the relevant Federal Land Use Act 1978 of Nigeria. 8.2.1 Description of Key Valuation Approaches and Compensation terms (a) Replacement cost approach (RCA): Replacement cost is the market value of the affected asset plus transaction cost. The RCA is based on the assumption that cost and value are related. It involves finding the estimate of the gross replacement cost of an asset which is the estimated cost of constructing a substitute structure or buying an alternative land in a location and size of equal value at current market prices.

(b) Market comparison Approach (MCA): this involves the direct comparison of the property’s value determining features with those of immediate and surrounding vicinity that sold recently. This method simply arrives at the value of an asset by taking an estimate of similar asset (in size, frame and location) sold in recent time to arrive at the cost of the asset to be acquired or demolished by a project. It is most desirable when cash compensation is the choice compensation. 8.2.2 Valuation Methods for Categories of Impacted Assets 1. The Replacement Cost Method (RCM) was used in estimating the value of the structures. The current Market value of asset within the project area was used to determine the compensation rate for the buildings that will be affected. The RCM basically entails the value an existing structure can be equated considering the replication of the structure at the current labour, material and other incidental costs. The estimated value represents the cost of the property as if new. Market survey was carried out within project communities to ascertain the current prices of building materials (Table 12). Cost derivation table for structures and landed property based on the market survey is provided in Annex B.

2. Valuation of assets to be affected by the implementation of the project was conducted using a general principle adopted in the formulation of the compensation valuation, which follows the World Bank policy that lost income and asset will be valued at their full replacement cost such that the PAPs should experience no net loss. Depreciation will not be taken into account

while calculating the cost of affected structures. The Compensation package will also include cost of moving, such as transport costs as well as any associated land titling or transfer fees.

Table 12: Market Survey for structures from communities along the project corridors

Category Materials Qty./Unit Amount (Naira) Structures (Building, 1” x 12” Softwood 1 No. N 1,000 kiosk, Fence Wall, Cement 50kg N2,600 Pavement) Wooden Doors (2 x 0.9m) 1 No. N38,000 Wooden Window (1.2 x 1 No. N30,000 1.2m) Length of Iron (Y8 / Y10 / 12m N1,200 / N1,500 / N1,800 Y12) Corrugated iron sheet (CIS) 1 Bundle N24,000 Block (5” / 6”) 1 No. N150 / N180

1”X12” Hardwood 1 No. N1,200 Sand 15 tonnes N18,750 Gravel 15 tonnes N28,125 Truck Hire within the Community 1 Trip N 7,000 Water tanker hire within the Community 1 Trip N4,000 Labour cost: Artisan / Craftsman / Labour Per day N 5,000 / N3,000 Rent Commercial property 1 Year N48,000 (Shops)at N4,000 per month Tomb Stone Concrete and Iron 1No. N100,000 Land m2 N750 Currency Exchange Rate (August 2019): N360: $1

3. Fruit trees/Farm crops The Replacement Cost Method (RCM) was used in estimating the value of the economic trees and crops based on market survey conducted within the project community and the resultant figure became the compensation value. The cost derivation table for cash crops and economic trees based on the market surveys is provided in Annex C. However, the table for market survey for crops within the area carried out at Ekponwa market in Nsit Ibom on 16th of July, 2019 is presented in Table 13 below.

Table 13: Market Survey for Crops/Economic Trees

CATEGORY AFFECTED UNIT OF UNIT GROWTH COST OF COST OF AMOUNT CROP MEASUREMENT SEEDLING LABOUR RATE PERIOD (₦) (₦) (Yrs) (₦) (₦)

1 Basket 3,000 4 200 550 12,750 Mango

Coconut 1 Basket 2,000 4 1,000 1,000 10,000

Crops Plantain 1 Bunch 1,000 1 200 500 1,700

Pear 1 Basket 2,300 3 100 700 7,700

Banana 1 Bunch 1,000 1 200 500 1,700

Oil Palm 1 Bunch 1,300 6 255 1,200 9,255

Cashew 1 Basket 2,700 5 300 720 14,520

Apple 1 Basket 2300 3 300 500 7,700

Fig 1 Basket 2,200 6 320 1000 14,520

Pumpkin 1 Bundle 200 0.4 100 270 450

Gmelina 1 Tree 1,000 6 500 500 7,000

Trees Raffia Palm 1 Tree 700 6 500 800 5,500

Thunder Tree 1 Tree 500 4 300 700 3,000

8.3 Inventory of Affected Assets/Structures in the Project Area The affected assets are essentially structures and economic trees/crops. These have been identified as shown in this subsection and also listed in Annex A along with the PAPs 8.3.1 Impact on Structures and Utilities The structures that could be affected in the course of work or that could constitute hindrance to work have been identified as outlined in Table 14. A detailed description of the assets including types of materials and dimensions is found in Annex A.

Table 14: Summary of Affected Structures/Utilities

S/N Category of Loss Type of construction material Unit Cost of Total Asset Compensation Affected Affected (N) Asset (N)

A Physical Loss Structures Semi-permanent open shed with CIS 91,500 4 366,000 of Assets roof + timber or galvanized trusses

Metallic Container 70,000 2 140,000

Permanent Concrete Pavement 110,750 1 110,750

Permanent Concrete Structure with 2,510,000 2 5,020,000 CIS Roof

Consolidated Earth 89,475 2 178,950 Floor/Temporary Structure

Thatch Roof with Bamboo Screen 75,000 1 75,000

Land (m2) 750 1113 834,750 + 126,250(15% transaction costs) = 961,000

Cultural (memorial stone) 100,000 2 200,000

Low tension electric poles (Public 96,500 4 386,000 utility)

Sub Total 18 6,476,700

8.3.2 Impact on Agricultural Resources (Crops and Trees) Impacted agricultural resources include Plantain (158), Gmelina Trees (28), Pumpkin Stand (44), Pear (8) Coconut Trees (3), Banana (42), Oil Palm (4), Mango (4), Cashew (2), Apple (7), Fig Tree (1), Raffia Palm (2) and Thunder Tree (3).

Table 15: Summary of Affected Crops/Trees

S/N Category of Loss Type of Loss/Use Unit Cost of Total Asset Compensation(N) Affected Affected Crop/Tree

B Loss of Income Land Plantain 1,700 158 268,600 and Livelihood Resources Gmelina 7,000 29 203,000

Pumpkin stand 450 44 19,800

Pear 7,700 8 61,600

Coconut 10,000 3 30,000

Banana 1,700 42 71,400

Oil Palm 9,225 4 36,900

Mango 12,750 4 51,000

Cashew 14.520 2 29,040

Apple 7,700 7 53,900

Raffia Palm 5,500 2 11,000

Thunder tree 3,000 3 9,000

Fig 1 14520

Total 306 859,760

8.4 Description of Compensation and Resettlement Assistance: The main objective of the RAP is to provide compensation and resettlement assistance to PAP with aim of improving their livelihoods or restore them to the pre-displacement levels.

The following are descriptions of compensation and resettlement assistance due to PAPs:

• Resettlement assistance will be provided to all PAPs and N2,329,000 is allocated for this purpose. • A total of N859,760 has been allocated to offset impacts associated with economic trees and crops. • A total of 18 structures will be affected and a total of N6,476,700 is allocated to compensate for affected structures and land. • A total of N2,500,000 is budgeted to mitigate impacts resulting from business income loss and livelihood restoration. • A provision of N171,000 is made in this RAP budget to support an elderly person’s monthly substance for a period of six months and replanting of 30 stands of plantain on one of his plots.

Depreciation was not taken into account while calculating the cost of affected structures. The Compensation package will also include cost of moving, such as transport costs. All payments will be in monetary forms as agreed with the PAPs. Payment of compensation will be made by the Resettlement and Compensation Committee. This committee will include members of local government, local communities and PAPs, Site committees, trade Union/CBOs, the Ministry of Lands and Housing with support from the Social Safeguard Specialist of the SPIU. Civil works is anticipated to last for a minimum of ten (10) months. The rehabilitation of the prioritized rural road would entail engineering works including site clearing, mobilization of equipment; removal of topsoil, earth works, excavation, drainage structure and facilities, earth filing, road surfacing etc. It is expected that these activities must not commence until this Resettlement Plan has been implemented.

CHAPTER NINE: RESETTLEMENT MEASURES

9.1 Resettlement measure This chapter will provide with a description of resettlement packages, compensation and resettlement assistance, that will be provided to assist PAPs to achieve the policy objectives and principles stated in the World Band Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12).

9.2 Livelihood Restoration The projected livelihood restoration plan entails replanting 30 stands of plantain in one of the vulnerable PAP’s plot of land. The replanting of each stand will cost N1,700 including the cost of seedlings, clearing of land/labour and cash payment of N20,000 for a period of six months. Further provision has been made for relocation and sundry assistance for all PAPs

Table 16: Livelihood Restoration Estimates

S/N PAPs Identity Nature of Restoration Unit Cost (N) Total Cost (N)

1. Mr. Etim Mathew Replanting of 30 stands of 1,700 51,000 (AK/RAAMP/PR/A/010) plantain in one of his plots of land.

2. Mr. Etim Mathew Cash payment for six months 20,000 120,000 (AK/RAAMP/PR/A/010)

3. All PAPs Relocation Assistance and sundry 46,580 2,329,000 needs

Total 2,500,000.00

9.3 Crops/Trees The project will compensate 23 PAPs the sum of Naira 859,760. This cost represents about 10.49% of the total compensation and resettlement budget.

Table 17: Compensation for Economic Trees/Crops

S/No Type of Economic Tree Cost(N) 1 Crops 636, 760 2 Trees 223,000 Total 859,760

Cash compensation for economic trees has been calculated at market rate of estimated annual/seasonal yields/harvest of the tree multiply by the number of seasons it will take for a nursery to mature to yield; plus the cost of planting and nurturing (labour) as well as provision for annual inflation till the nursery mature and start to yielding at pre-project level production.

9.4 Structures, Commercial Land and Utilities A total of 18 structures, commercial land and utilities will be affected and a total of N6,476,700 is allocated to compensate for affected structures. In addition to compensation for affected structures and land, PAPs will receive resettlement assistance. In addition, PAPs will be allowed to collect scraps of building materials from the demolished structure.

9.5 Business Loss Three of the PAPs will have their businesses disrupted during the construction phase of the project as the construction activity will limit access of customers to their goods. They are not entitled to direct compensation as their properties are not likely to be relocated. Provision has been made for payment of their normal weekly income (which they will be denied of) for six months when the construction phase is expected to last. This is estimated at N20,000 a month per PAP based on established average monthly income for PAPs along the project area (Table 2.1). This will be considered as settlement by way of compensation for disruption of business.

9.6 Vulnerable Person Provision of additional support to the vulnerable to make up for the impact associated with the project has been made. An octogenarian (85 years), Mr. Etim Mathew of Afaha Ikot Owop was identified as the most vulnerable PAP in the project corridor. He has no sustainable means of livelihood and is married with children. Few plantain stands (3 matured, 8 immature and 12 seedlings) belonging to him will be destroyed in the course of project implementation. Some assistance would be extended to him. This will be in the form of cash payment of N20,000 a month for a period of six (6) months (N120,000) for sustenance including or not limited to setting up of a plantain plantation for him in one of his landed properties as a means of livelihood restoration

9.7 Landlords A total of 14 landlords (13 males and 1 female) who own different kinds of structures will get compensation of N5,129,700. Three (3) out of the 14 landlords will receive N961,000 for commercial land. The structures include semi-permanent open shed with CIS, metallic container, permanent concrete pavement, permanent concrete structure with CIS roof, consolidated earth floor/temporary structure and thatch roof with Bamboo Screen. Apart from commercial lands where affected structures are built on, there will be no land take in the cause of this project implementation.

9.8 Tenants 10 tenants (5 males and 5 females) have been identified among the PAPs. Provision has been made for transition allowance (N500,000) for the tenants in the RAP budget.

CHAPTER TEN: STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION

10.1: Introduction Stakeholders for the purpose of this project are defined as all those people and institutions that have an interest in the successful planning and execution of the project. This includes those positively and negatively affected by the project. The key stakeholders identified and consulted included the political leaders in Nsit Ibom and Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Areas, community heads, other opinion leaders in the communities, individuals who own properties that are directly or indirectly affected, special interest groups such as CBOs, MDAs etc. Consultation process for the project started at the early stage of the reconnaissance survey. This has been further enriched through interactions and consultation with relevant stakeholders in the course of the preparation of this RAP. Stakeholders’ engagements were held at Edeobom Civic Center (for communities in Nsit Ibom L.G.A) on the 25th of June, 2019 and at Afaha Udo Eyop Primary School (for communities in Ibesikpo Asutan L.G.A) on the 9th of July, 2019. Consultations with a cross section of PAPs (about 30) were equally held on the 12th and 13th of August, 2019 with the Vice Chairman of Ibesikpo Asutan L.G.A, Hon. John Job, in attendance. All the PAPs were however consulted. The primary mode of communication was Ibibio language. The communities were informed of the intention of the Akwa Ibom State government to embark on the rehabilitation of the 20.1km Enen Nsit/Utuat market through Ekponwa Market hub – Afaha Udoeyop – Owot Uta junction adjoining Ikot Obio Offong – Afaha Ikot Owop – Obo Etok terminating at Obo Ntong market road through a World Bank assisted Rural Access and Agricultural Marketing Project. Stakeholders were properly briefed of the benefits of the project as well as the likelihood of some inconvenience the community may pay in the course of the project implementation. The people were enthusiastic and pledged total support for project implementation and their readiness to sacrifice and corporate with government to ensure the success and sustainability of the project. The stakeholders were informed of their rights and choices with regards to the entire resettlement process. 10.2 Method and Participation: The following process guided the public consultations: • The Social Safeguard team first identified the project areas particularly the 12 communities within the project corridor and the temporary benchmark coordinates were located. • Name of villages/communities, the administrative organisation and leadership structure were sought, and subsequently a visit was made to the leaders and or their representatives. • Public forum (a Town hall meeting) with Stakeholders from the project area was held. • Identification of PAPs and their socio-economic baseline conditions. • Inventory of PAPs and affected assets. • Census survey of the socio-economic activities within the project corridor. • Review and confirmatory visits to PAPs, their farmlands, structures and properties 10.2 Concerns and Resolutions: In the course of stakeholders’ consultation, some concerns were raised and resolved. Classical cases of such in Edeobom, Afaha Udoeyop, Ikot Obio Offong, Nung Ukana and Nung Oku Ikot Ekere communities are presented in table 18 below:

Table 18: Concerns and resolutions

S/N Concern Resolution 1. Miss Edima Godwin, a provision store operator in It was resolved that the store in the location will be Ikot Obio Offong, Ibesikpo Asutan LGA (N04.93442, shifted backwards outside the right of way to retain E007.95356) raised concern on the inconvenience and the customer base in her catchment area. negative impact of a possible resettlement out of the business premises in the course of the implementation of the project. 2. Mr. Joseph Elijah Udoh, operator of a local barbeque It was resolved that the business will be operated in at Nung Ukana (N04.93067, E007.94938) was equally an alternative shop still owned by him in the vicinity concerned about losing the customer base. upon economic empowerment for the resettlement. 3. Sunday Edet Ukim from Nung Oku Ikot Ekere, owner It was resolved that the road would be narrowed at of block of shops under construction (N04.93708, that section and shifted to the opposite side with E007.91966) was concerned about the possibility of some speed breakers. losing his shop. 4. Stakeholders enquired to know if there will be AKS-RAAMP assured that any asset affected by the compensation for their buildings and other assets. road will be adequately compensated for before the commencement of civil work. 5. Hon. John Job from Afaha Udo Eyop community On the issue of man-power, the stakeholders were appealed that the manpower of their youths should be informed that 70% of the man-power that will be utilized. utilized will be from the communities along the road corridors. 6. Hon John also solicited for corporate social Hon. John was informed that all PAPs will be responsibility to be undertaken by the project. properly captured, compensated and included in livelihood restoration programs where necessary.

Plate 10.1: SPC Addressing Edeobom community members Plate 10.2: Consultant Addressing Edeobom community members

Plate 10.3: Miss Edima Edet interacting with AKS-RAAMP team Plate 10.4: Stakeholders’engagement at Ikot Obio Offong, Ibesikpo Asutan LGA.

Plate 10.5: Block of shops under construction, belonging to Plate 10.6: Consultations with Mr.Joseph Elijah Udoh, a PAP. Sunday Edet Ukim

CHAPTER ELEVEN: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

11.1 Introduction This chapter will present the GRM structures and process for addressing disputes emerging from direct social and economic impacts caused by the project. The GRM and the process described here are believed to be affordable and accessible procedures for a third-party settlement of disputes arising from resettlement.

The likelihood of dispute is much reduced because of the impact avoidance measures and information sensitization strategies deployed by the SPIU. Nevertheless, in the event that grievances arise this redress mechanism has been prepared. Already, the project community are aware of the provisions and procedure for addressing any complaints or grievances. The major grievances that might require mitigation include but not limited to: • Dispute between contractor and the project community or affected persons • Disputes resulting from property valuation • Disputes resulting from insufficient compensations and resettlement assistances • Disputes resulting from property ownership, • Disputed on omitted properties during the asset inventory exercise • Disputes resulting from property valuation • Disputes resulting from insufficient compensations and resettlement assistances • Disputes resulting from property ownership, • Disputed on omitted properties during the asset inventory exercise • Injuries caused by the project activities

This GRM is subject to further review based on the approval, clearance and disclosed of the GRM for RAAMP being developed by an independent consultant. However, below will be the GRM that will be employed pending this update which is guided by the provisions in the RPF. 11.2 Expectation When Grievances Arise When local people present a grievance, they expect to be heard and taken seriously. Therefore, the SPIU and others such as the engineers involved in one aspect of the project or other must convince people that they can voice grievances and work to resolve them without retaliation. It should be understood that all or any of the followings is or are expected from the project management/channel of grievance resolution by the local people: • acknowledgement of their problem; • an honest response to questions/issues brought forward; • an apology, adequate compensation; and • Modification of the conduct that caused the grievance and some other fair remedies. 11.3 Structure and Protocols for Reporting and Managing Grievances The SPC will set up a grievance redress committee to look into escalated grievances. This shall be established in three committee levels. A complain shall have a maximum of fourteen (14) days for consideration at each level.

11.3.1 First Level GRM: GRC at the Site/Community Level: Aggrieved persons shall channel their complaints to the Village head, who shall convene the GRC committee at that level to review and address the complaint. The Committee shall have the following composition:

• The Village Head -Chairman • A representative of Council of Elders • A representative of the Community Development Association • A representative of Youth Organization • Representative of the Women Group • Social Safeguards Officer of the SPIU-Secretary

This committee will be expected to report to the SPIU. In addition, complaint box will be placed in the Community leader’s palace, where complaints from PAPs can be dropped.

The complaints are received (in written, verbal or electronic form) at various up take points as follows:

Channel of reporting complaints Locations to report complaints

• Complaint box • Traditional Ruler’s Palace • Mobile application (WhatsApp, • Community Town hall Telegram) Complaint line • RAAMP SPIU Office • Toll-free/hot lines • Social safeguards/GBV Officers at SPIU

The resolution at the first tier will be done within 14 working days and notified to the concerned through a disclosure form. Should the Grievance not be solved within this period, this would be referred to the next level of Grievance Redressal. However, if the social safeguard officer feels that adequate solutions are worked out on the problem and it would require a few more days for actions to be taken, he can decide on retaining the issue at the first level by informing the complainant accordingly. However, if the complainant requests for an immediate transfer of the issue to the next level, it would be accepted and the issue would be taken to the next channel. But in any case, if the issue is not addressed within 21 days, it needs to be taken to the next level.

11.3.2 Second Level of GRM: GRC at the SPIU Level: The PIU shall receive, hear and address complaints arising from the project implementation. This committee shall have the following composition: • Project Coordinator- Chairman • Internal Auditor

• Monitoring and Evaluation officer • Social Safeguard Officer- Secretary • Environmental officer • Communications Officer • One representative of the non-state sector from within the State Project Monitoring Committees

All complaints submitted to the SPIU shall receive an acknowledgement letter within 3 working days, including an outline of the complaint review and appeal process. The complaint shall be filed according to a tracking system, using unique ID for each, so that complaints are classified, and responded to consistently. Furthermore, the complaint shall be discussed within the SPIU and responded to in writing within 5 working days. The SPIU shall also convene a meeting of the aggrieved parties if required.

The SPIU-GRC will hold the necessary meetings with the complainant and the concerned officers and attempt to find a solution acceptable at all levels. GRC would record the minutes of the meeting. The decisions of the SPIU-GRC are communicated to the complainant formally and if he accepts the resolutions, the complainant’s acceptance is obtained on a disclosure form. If the complainant does not accept the solution offered by the SPIU-GRC, then the complaint is referred by the SPC to the FPMU-GRC through a mail to the NCR, and PAP or aggrieved person is informed and carried along.

11.3.3 Third Level of GRM: GRC at the FPMU Level: The FPMU shall receive, hear and address complaints arising from the project implementation. This committee shall have the following composition: • National Project Coordinator- Chairman • State Project Coordinator • Monitoring and Evaluation officer • Social Safeguard Officer- Secretary • Environmental officer • Communications Officer

All complaints submitted to the FPMU shall receive an acknowledgement letter within 3 working days, including an outline of the complaint review and appeal process. The complaint shall be filed according to a tracking system, using unique ID for each, so that complaints are classified, and responded to consistently. Furthermore, the complaint shall be discussed within the FPMU and responded to in writing within 5 working days. The FPMU shall also convene a meeting of the aggrieved parties if required.

The FPMU-GRC will hold the necessary meetings with the complainant and the concerned officers and attempt to find a solution acceptable at all levels. GRC would record the minutes of the meeting. The decisions of the FPMU-GRC are communicated to the complainant formally and if he accepts the resolutions, the complainant’s acceptance is obtained on a disclosure form.

If the complainant does not accept the solution offered by the FPMU-GRC, then the complaint is referred by the NCR to the World Bank Grievance Redress Service system through a mail to the Task Team Leader, and PAP or aggrieved person is informed and carried along. If the complainant is still not satisfied by the decision of the World Bank Grievance Redress Service System, the PAP reserves the right to approach the conventional courts in Nigeria to seek redress.

CHAPTER TWELVE: BUDGETING AND FINANCING

12.1 Introduction: This chapter provides the financial plan and estimated budget for the implementation of the RAP.

12.2 Financing Plan: In line with the provisions of the Project Appraisal Document (PAD), Akwa Ibom RAAMP/Government will be fully responsible for funding land acquisition and resettlement costs. The total budget for administering/implementing the RAP for the proposed rural road for Akwa Ibom State RAAMP is Fifteen Million, Twenty-One Thousand and Eighteen Naira (N15,021,018.00) only. A breakdown of the budget according to components is shown in Table 19 below.

Table 19: Budget Estimate for the RAP Implementation

ITEM ITEM COST(N) DESCRIPTION A: Compensation Structures 5,129,700.00 Land 961,000.00 Tenants 500,000.00 Individuals 1,180,660.00 Vulnerable PAP 39,100.00 Utilities 386,000.00 Sub-Total 8,196,460.00 B: Additional Livelihood restoration 2,500,000.00 mitigation Grievance Redress 1,000,000.00 Management Sub-Total 3,500,000.00 C: Implementation Operation cost (10% of 819,646.00 compensation cost) Cost due to inflation 204,912.00 (2.5% of compensation cost) Capacity 1,800,000.00 building/Institutional strengthening Disclosure 500,000.00 Sub-Total 3,324,558.00 TOTAL 15,021,018.00 12.3: Procedure for Delivering of Entitlements: The Social Safeguards Officer of the Akwa Ibom SPIU will be responsible for facilitating and implementing the RAP compensation process. All payments should be in monetary forms as agreed with the PAPs. Payment of compensation will be made by the Resettlement Implementation Committee. This committee will include members of the SPIU and selected community leaders from the affected location. Compensation benefits shall be settled before the construction phase of the project.

The Resettlement implementation committee will verify the correctness of each PAP as stated in the register. Payments will be made according to locations and adequate information will be made available to all affected persons before payment. Such information will include how the payment will be made and dates, etc. 12.4 RAP Compensation/Implementation Process The timing of the resettlement will be coordinated with the implementation of the main investment component of the project requiring resettlement. All RAPs will include an implementation schedule for each activity covering initial baseline and preparation, actual relocation, and post relocation economic and social activities. The plan should include a target date when the expected benefits for resettled persons and hosts would be achieved. Arrangements for monitoring implementation of resettlement and evaluating its impact will be developed during project preparation and used during supervision. Monitoring provides both a warning system for project managers and a channel for resettled persons to make known their needs and their reactions to resettlement execution. Target dates for achievement of expected benefits to resettled persons and hosts shall be set and the various forms of assistance to the resettled persons shall be disseminated to them. Planning and coordination of the tasks of the various actors is crucial to successful implementation. To achieve this, workshops will be organized with the stakeholders and other relevant government agencies, at project launching and at the commencement of every subproject identified to have adverse social impacts. The workshops will focus on the following: • taking stock of the legal framework for compensation • settling institutional arrangements and mechanisms for payment of compensation • defining tasks and responsibilities of each stakeholder • establishing a work plan. The stakeholders will be requested to participate in the decision making process and provide inputs in the area of their expertise in order to establish a coherent work plan or schedule. To approve RAPs would be to confirm that the resettlement plans contain acceptable measures that link resettlement activity to civil works in compliance with the World Bank policy. 12.5 Compensation Payment Administration: Compensation payment administration refers to the method of delivery of compensation to Project Affected Persons. The following steps shall be adopted in the payment of compensation; • A stakeholders’ meeting shall be held with the PAPs where offers shall be made based on the valuation provision in the RAP. • The PAPs shall be allowed to accept or reject the offer, offer a counter claim or seek redress under the grievance procedures established. • A short training on cash management shall be organized for the PAPs by the implementation committee. • Individual bank accounts shall be opened for the PAPs. • Necessary documents of payment shall be presented to local valuation committee from the State and Local Government and/or independent witnesses of the affected persons and leaders of the communities.

• Proper receipts shall be issued and copies given to the affected persons and the finance department of SPIU. • Comprehensive report on payment (documentation) shall be made and submitted for review by the SPIU.

12.6 Resettlement Implementation Linkage to Civil Works Before any project activity is implemented, PAPs will be compensated in accordance with the entitlement matrix/budget plan established in this RAP. PAPs that would not need to relocate, especially those that part of their structures (fence, balcony etc) will be impacted must be informed/given the civil work schedule which at least provides a two weeks’ prior notice to PAPs before actual civil works in the area or site. Resettlement monitoring of income restoration measures shall however be continuous throughout the project cycle together with other project activity implementations.

CHAPTER THIRTEEN: TIMETABLE OF EVENTS

13.1 Timetable for the Resettlement Action Plan Before any activity of component 1 is implemented, PAPs will need to be compensated in accordance with this RAP and the resettlement policy framework. The overall funding for the preparation and implementation of this RAP shall be provided by the State. The funding for this RAP shall be deposited in a separate account dedicated for paying compensations and resettlement assistance. A separate financial records shall be kept and the record shall show payments by line items stated in this RAP budget. The schedule for the implementation of activities must be agreed to between the Resettlement Committee and the PAPs and State Project Implementation Unit (SPIU). These include the target dates for start and completion of all compensation payment before commencement of construction work. The major component tasks for the RAP are outlined in Table 20.

Table 20: Timetable for RAP implementation

Proposed Activities AUG. SEP. OCT. NOV. DEC. 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 Field data gathering/consultations and preparation of RAP report. Submission of Draft Final RAP Report and addressing of comments Submission of final RAP Document Disclosure of RAP RAP implementation Commencement of Civil work

13.2: Training and Capacity Needs: To create sufficient awareness on the World Bank safeguard policies and critical components of the Resettlement Action Plan, it will be imperative to conduct training for all major stakeholders including SPIU, Community Conflict/Grievance Redress Committee, Project Safeguard Officers, Community Representatives and PAPs for a successful implementation of the RAP in the interest of the sustainability of the project.

Table 21: Proposed Training Program

Item Description/Module Target Audience Estimated Budget (Naira)

Module 1: • Principles of • SPIU 700,000.00 Involuntary Resettlement Action • Community Resettlement Plan Conflict/Grieva and • Monitoring and nce Redress Rehabilitation Evaluation of RAP Committee Implementation • Project • Conflict Management Safeguards and Resolution in RAP Officer implementation Module 2: • Sensitization on • Community 600,000.00 Sensitization involuntary resettlement representatives. and awareness and other safeguards • PAPs on RAP policies. Module 3: • Cash Management and • All PAPs 500,000.00 Basics of Monitoring. Livelihood • Making Investment Restoration Decisions TOTAL 1,800,000

CHAPTER FOURTEEN: MONITORING AND EVALUATION

14.1 Overview Components and elements of the RAP are to be effectively monitored in order to deliver on the commitments and objectives. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) is required at the stage of the implementation of the RAP to ensure that resettlement and compensation activities are conducted in line with stipulated standards and procedures, and to ascertain if the recommended mitigation measures were adequate to achieve the goals of the RAP. Implementation of this RAP shall be regularly supervised and monitored by the Social Safeguard Officer in coordination with M&E Officer of the SPIU. The findings will be recorded in quarterly reports to be furnished to the FPMU and the World Bank. There will be two levels of monitoring; namely internal monitoring and external monitoring. Under internal monitoring the SPIU M&E officer will lead the task for the SPIU M&E Unit while an external monitoring and evaluation officer will be engaged periodically 14.2 Internal Monitoring The social safeguard unit of the SPIU will perform periodic monitoring of all resettlement activities in the Unit's portfolio. The SPIU will consult and coordinate with the appropriate Federal and State agencies (e.g., FMEnv, SEPA) on social monitoring. The SPIU Safeguard section will report at least quarterly on the: implementation schedule, delivery and usage of any resettlement compensation, extent of community involvement and efficiency of resettlement agencies in fulfilling their obligations. 14.3 External/Independent Monitoring The State Project Implementation Units (SPIU) will engage an independent firm or organization to conduct periodic external assessments of resettlement progress. The State agencies will develop a detailed monitoring work plan for the terms of reference, based on the resettlement plan submitted to and approved by the World Bank. The various State Agencies will select a firm with extensive experience in social survey and resettlement monitoring for this work. The SPIU will review and approve the questionnaires and inventory forms developed by the consultant, as well as the research methods, analytic techniques, and reporting formats proposed by the consultant. The aim of this independent monitoring is to provide verification of key concerns in resettlement, such as compliance with resettlement policies, implementation progress, the extent of effective consultation and participation of local populations, and the direction and extent of changes of income and livelihood among displaced persons. Careful attention to monitoring matters such as these will help ensure equitable benefits for every displaced person. 14.4 Monitoring Indicators In-house monitoring may need to be supplemented by independent external monitors to ensure complete and objective information. Thus the project has developed an extensive M&E system that includes: i. Internal monitoring, in particular reporting by government officials and field consultants, community participatory monitoring;

ii. External monitoring, with NGOs and journalists providing independent monitoring; and iii. Impact evaluation.

Table 22 indicates some specific variables to monitor routinely in the course of implementation.

Table 22: Monitoring Indicators

Indicator Variable

Consultation Number of Project Affected Persons reached or accessing Information, Information requests, issues raised etc Consultation and Number of local CBOs participating Reach out

Compensation and Physical Progress of compensation and assistance reestablishment Number of PAPs affected (buildings, land, trees, crops) PAPs Number of PAPs compensated by type of loss

Amount compensated by type and owner

Number of replacement asset recovered

Compensation disbursement to the correct parties;

Socio-economic Level of income and standard of living of the PAPs Changes No of income restored, improved or declined from the pre-displacement levels;

Training Number of SPIU and RAP committee members trained

Grievance redress No. of cases referred to GRC mechanism No. of cases settled by GRC

No. of cases pending with GRC

Average time taken for settlement of cases

No. of GRC meetings

No. of PAPs moved court

No. of pending cases with the court

No. of cases settled by the court

Overall Effectiveness of compensation delivery system Management Timely disbursement of compensation;

Census and asset verification/quantification procedures in place

Co-ordination between local community structures, PAPs and SPIU

REFERENCES 1. Akwa-Ibom RAAMP (2019), Interim Engineering Design for the Pilot Road.

2. International Finance Cooperation (IFC), Handbook for preparing a Resettlement Action Plan.

3. Land Use Act (1978), Federal Republic of Nigeria.

4. Resettlement Action Plan for Etim Umana Gully Erosion Site in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State (2017).

5. Rural Access and Agricultural Marketing Project (RAAMP) (2018), Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF).

6. Rural Access and Agricultural Marketing Project (RAAMP) (2018), Project Appraisal Document (PAD).

7. Rural Access and Agricultural Marketing Project (RAAMP) (2018), Project Implementation Manual (PIM).

8. Rural Access and Agricultural Marketing Project (RAAMP) (2018), Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF).

9. World Bank (2000), Resettlement and Rehabilitation Guidebook, Washington DC.

10. World Bank (2001), Operational Policies: Involuntary Resettlement OP.4.12 and Annex.

ANNEX A: LIST OF PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS AND THEIR COMPENSATION LANDLORDS (STRUCTURE OWNERS AND COMMERCIAL LAND)

S/N NAME OF PROPERTY/ASSET AND DESCRIPTION INVENTRY SOCIO CHALLENGE IMPACT LAND COMPENS PAP AND COORDINATES/PICTUR OF PROPERTY OF ECONOMIC PRECURSORS REDUCTION (N) ATION CONTACT ES ECONOMIC STSTUS OF MEASURES PAYABLE TREES AND PAP (N) CROPS

1 Sukabasi Golden Chance Lotto Kiosk Golden Chance Nil A tenant that is Poor condition of Resettlement by No 8,000.00 Ndiana Lotto Kiosk not formally the road way of provision as AK/RAAMP/PR/A/029 located 8m from employed. compensation. property Edebom 1 the centre of the Operates a exists Male existing road. gambling shop within with one ROW 32 years Relocation employee Expenses

Primary school

Married with children

2 Chief Effiong Memorial Stone Memorial concrete Nil The family The memorial Resettlement by NA 120,000.00 Udo Usoro tombstone head is a stone limits way of H: 6m farmer and a access due to the compensation. NUNG OKU H: 6m on a 1m N04.94241 property owner poor condition of IKOT EKERE concrete base. who resides in the road Male E007.91975 the community

69 years AK/RAAMP/PR/A/031

Tertiary institution

Married with children

3 Chief Akpan Memorial stone Memorial concrete Nil The family The Memorial Resettlement by NA 80,000.00 Ekpeonwa tombstone head is a stone limits way of N04.94238 farmer. access due to the compensation. NUNG OKU H: 3m on a 0.8 E007.91958 poor condition of IKOT EKERE concrete base. the road Male AK/RAAMP/PR/A/032

69 years

Tertiary institution

Married with children

4 Daniel Motor bike workshop Semi- permanent Nil The mechanic The worshop Resettlement by 21,000 65,000.00 Archibong mechanical depends on obstructs direct way of 2 Effiong N04.93442 workshop with proceeds from access to the road compensation. (24m of land for E007.95356 CIS roof and walls, the workshop 08148242287 shelved tool box for survival 18,000 @ 2 AK/RAAMP/PR/A/033 enclosure on N750/m Ikot Obio + 15% Offong consolidated earth floor. transaction Male costs) (2.7 x 3.0) m2 @ 25 years N8,000/m2

Primary school Land: N21,000 Married with children

5 Edima Godwin Provision Relocation Nil The shop The shop Resettlement by No 70,000.00 Edet Expenses owner depends obstructs the way of provision as N04.93442 (N30,000) for on the shop for access to the road compensation. property 09067373247 E007.95356 metal container survival exists Ikot Obio (3.8 x 2.7)m2 on within Offong cement screed ROW floor.

Female AK/RAAMP/PR/A/034 10.26m2 (N40,000) Secondary school

28 years

Married with children

6 Inemesit David Palm wine joint (Open shade). Open shed of Nil A source of It obstructs the Resettlement by No 76,000.00 Edet It is 3.8m by 2.7m dimension cement screed income to the access to the road way of provision as N04.93442 floor and CIS roof. owner compensation. property 09064653804 exists E007.95356 (3.8 x 2.7)m2 Ikot Obio within Offong AK/RAAMP/PR/A/035 10.26m2 @ ROW N7,400 Male

40 years

Primary school

Married with children

7 Anthony Phone accessories container. Relocation Nil Businessman The Resettlement by No 70,000.00 Effiong Etim Expenses shop/container way of provision as RAAMP/10/A/009 (N30,000) for obstruct the road compensation. property 08069282863 N04.93442 metal container exists Ikot Obio (3.6 x 2.7)m2 on within Offong E007.95356 cement screed ROW floor. Male AK/RAAMP/PR/A/036 9.72m2 (N40,000) 30 years

secondary school

Married with children 8 Mr. Mbosowo RAAMP/IO/A/007 Permanent Nil Businessman The pavement Resettlement by No 110,750.00 Ekpeyong concrete pavement will obstruct the way of provision as N04.93355 finished with road. compensation. property 07039532379 E007.95329 broken tiles (4.1 x exists 3.6)m2 at 2.6m within AK/RAAMP/PR/A/037 from centre line ROW Ikot Obio Offong 14.76m2 @ N7,500/m2 Male

49 years MBA

Married with children

9 Eyakadoho RAAMP/IO/A/008 Permanent He resides in The building will Resettlement by 800,000 3,000,000.00 Itabise N04.93355 structure in Uyo, where he obstruct the road. way of 2 E007.95264 commercial use, Nil operates a compensation. (927m of 08069605777 AK/RAAMP/PR/A/038 housing 3 no private firm. land for parade of shops of 695,250 @ Ikot Obio N750/m2 Offong cement screed floor, sandcrete + 15% Male block walls and transaction CIS roof. costs) 50 years (12.5 x 4.8)m2 Primary school 60.0m2 @ Married with N50,000/m2 children Land: N800,000

10 Joseph Elijah RAAMP/NU/A/ Temporary open The man does The shed Resettlement by No 79,200.00 Udo shed on timber not have a obstructs access way of provision as N04.93067 trusses with local Nil formal to the road. compensation. property 09060571506 E007.94938 earthen oven occupation. His exists Nung Ukana business (Local within AK/RAAMP/PR/A/043 3.3 x 3.2m2 oven) is his ROW Male 10.56m2 @ source of income. 64 years N7,500/m2

Primary

Married with children

11 Iniobong RAAMP/NU/A Permanent open Operates a Road obstruction Resettlement by No 196,000.00 Essien Hanson shed on timber business for a way of provision as N04.93087 trusses and cement Nil living compensation. property 07034886152 E007.94946 screed floor. (9.7 exists Nung Ukana x 2)m2 within AK/RAAMP/PR/A/046 ROW Male 19.4m2 @ N10,100/m2 34 years

Secondary school Married with children

12 Inibehe Bassey RAAMP/NU/A Temporary open A carpenter The shed will Resettlement by No 99,750.00 Udo shed on timber that is not affect the road way of provision as N04.92951 trusses, CIS roof Nil formally compensation. property 08160272850 E007.946 and consolidated employed exists earth floor. depends on the within AK/RAAMP/PR/A/050 business for ROW Nung Ukana 3.8 x 3.5m2 survival Male

41 years 13.3m2 @ N7,500/m2 Primary school

Married with 80 children

13 Richard RAAMP/AU/P Permanent A low income The shop will Resettlement by 140,000 1,080,000.00 Benson structure of CIS person who affect the road way of 2 N04.92288 roof internally Nil survive through compensation. (162m of 07035467071 land for E007.93026 rendered sandcrete his shop blocks, timber 121,500 @ Aba Ukpo 2 AK/RAAMP/PR/P/051 paneled doors and N750/m Male windows and + 15% cement screed transaction 35 years floor. costs)

Tertiary 5.0 x 4.8m2 institution 24m2 @ Not married N45,000/m2

14 Solomon Etim RAAMP/AF/A/009 Temporary An animal The house will Resettlement by No 75,000.00 Matthew structure of thatch farmer that is affect the road way of provision as N04.91849 roof on timber Nil not formally compensation. property 08169238872 E007.91670 pillars/ bamboo employed. exists Afaha Ikot screen walls and Depends on within Owop AK/RAAMP/PR/A/052 consolidated earth the farm and ROW floor at 5m from petty business Male centre line of the for survival existing road. 35 years 3.7 x 2.7m2 Primary school 9.99m2 @ Married with N7,500/m2 children

TOTAL 961,000.00 5,129,700.00

TENANTS

S/N NAME OF PROPERTY/ASSET AND DESCRIPTION INVENTRY OF SOCI CHALLENGE IMPACT REDUCTION COMPENS PAP AND COORDINATES/PICTUR OF PROPERTY ECONOMIC TREES O PRECURSORS MEASURES ATION CONTACT ES AND CROPS ECO PAYABLE NOM IC STST US OF PAP

1 Sukabasi Golden Chance Lotto Kiosk Golden Chance Nil An Poor condition of Transition Allowance 50,000 employee Lotto Kiosk emplo the road AK/RAAMP/PR/A/030 located 8m from yee of Edebom 1 the centre of the Sukab Female road asi (Gold 22 years en chance Secondary lotto). school

Not married with children

2 Joy Emma RAAMP/IO/A/008 Commercial Building with 3. No Petty The building will Transition Allowance 50,000 Benjamin Extensions shaops ( Priovision, provisi obstruct the road. N04.93355 Laundry, Empty shops) on Ikot Obio a)4.8m x 5.6m trader Offong E007.95264 b)12.5m x 4.8m female AK/RAAMP/PR/A/039

32 years

Secondary school

Married with children

3 Ofonime RAAMP/IO/A/008 Commercial Building with 3. No Laund The building will Transition Allowance 50,000 Edem Sunday Extensions shaops ( Priovision, ry obstruct the road. N04.93355 Laundry, Empty shops) shop Ikot Obio a)4.8m x 5.6m operat Offong E007.95264 b)12.5m x 4.8m or Male AK/RAAMP/PR/A/040

30 years

Secondary school

Married with children

4 John Sunday RAAMP/IO/A/008 Commercial Building with 3. No Barbin The building will Transition Allowance 50,000 Etim Extensions shaops ( Priovision, g shop obstruct the road. N04.93355 Laundry, Empty shops) operat Ikot Obio a)4.8m x 5.6m or Offong E007.95264 b)12.5m x 4.8m Male AK/RAAMP/PR/A/041

45 years

Secondary years

s school

Married with children

5 Joy ime RAAMP/IO/A/008 Commercial Building with 3. No Drug The building will Transition Allowance 50,000 okokon Extensions shaops ( Priovision, store obstruct the road. N04.93355 Laundry, Empty shops) operat Ikot Obio a)4.8m x 5.6m or Offong E007.95264 b)12.5m x 4.8m tradin Female AK/RAAMP/PR/A/042 g shop operat 27 years or Secondary school

Married with children

6 Ibanga RAAMP/NU/A/ Commercial Open shade with local Opera The shed Transition Allowance 50,000 Dickson Eko oven tes a obstructs access N04.93067 provisi the road. Nung Ukana 3.3m x 3.2m E007.94938 on Male store AK/RAAMP/PR/A/044 38 years

Secondary school

Married with children

7 Glory Nsikak RAAMP/NU/A/ Commercial Open shade with local The The shed Transition Allowance 50,000 Edet oven woma obstructs access N04.93067 n does the road. 08064269300 3.3m x 3.2m E007.94938 not Nung Ukana have a AK/RAAMP/PR/A/045 formal Female occup ation. 46 years Her busine

Secondary ss school (Local oven) Married with is her children source of incom e.

8 Ime Edem RAAMP/NU/A Commercial Shade Extension Opera Road obstruction Transition Allowance 50,000 Thompson tes a N04.93087 9.7m x 2.0m barbin 09060426610 E007.94946 g shop Nung Ukana AK/RAAMP/PR/A/047 Male

33 years

Secondary school Not married

9 Bassey Eyo RAAMP/NU/A Commercial Shade Extension Opera Road obstruction Transition Allowance 50,000 Ayang tes a N04.93087 9.7m x 2.0m books 08027333186 E007.94946 hop Nung Ukana AK/RAAMP/PR/A/048 Male

72 years

Secondary school Married with children

10 Emem Effiong RAAMP/NU/A Commercial Shade Extension Opera Road obstruction Transition Allowance 50,000 William tes a N04.93087 9.7m x 2.0m busine Nung Ukana E007.94946 ss for Female a AK/RAAMP/PR/A/049 living 24 years

Secondary school

Married with children

TOTAL 500,000.00

INDIVIDUALS WHO OWN ECONOMIC TREES AND CROPS

S/N NAME OF CLAIMANT PHONE GPS TYPE OF QUANTITY SOCIO ECONOMIC AMOUNT NUMBER COORDINATE CROP CONDITION OF PAP (N)

1 Obong Nse Eyo Ikpe 07067859920 N04.88519 Plantain 42 Farmer & an owner occupier of a permanent structure outside the Edeobom 1 E007.90173 RoW. 91,200.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/001 Pumpkin 44 Male

57 years

Primary school

Married with children

2 Mr. Ikoedem Eyo Ikpe 09018310759 N04.88531 Plantain 68 Carpenter

Edeobom 1 E007.90204 Male 115,600.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/002 38 years

Secondary school

Married with children

3 Caleb Effiong Bassey Orok 07035360850 N04.88636 Gmelina 3 Artisan

Edeobom 1 E007.90464 Male 28,700.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/003 Pear 1 48 years

Primary school

Married with children

4 Oto Effiong Bassey Orok 07035360850 N04.88636 Gmelina 3 Artisan

Edeobom 1 E007.90464 Males 28,700.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/004 Pear 1 44 years

Primary school

Married with children

5 Iniifiok Reuben N04.88797 Banana 42 Farmer

Afaha Udo Eyop E007.91038 Male 71,400.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/005 41 years

Primary school

Married with children

6 Pastor John Arthur N04.88734 Plantain 25 Farmer

Afaha Udo Eyop E007.91107 Male 42,500.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/OO6 48 years

Secondary school

Married with children

7 Eyo Effiong Bassey N04.90152 Oil Palm 2 Farmer

Afaha Udo Eyop E007.922666 Male 18,450.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/007 48 years

Primary school

Married with children

8 Effiong Etim Okon N04.90777 Gmelina 1 Farmer

Afaha Ikot Owop E007.92772 Male 7,000.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/008 42 years

Primary school

Married with children

9 Effiong Nyong Akpan N04.91894 Mango 1 Farmer

Afaha Ikot Owok E007.91798 Male 12,750.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/009 52 years

Primary school

Married with children

10 OBO-NTONG N04.90752 Gmelina 12

The owner could not be verified E007.88251 84,000.00 as at the time of assessment.

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/011

11 Nung Ukana N04.92799 Cashew 2

The owner could not be verified E007.94128 41,790.00 as at the time of assessment Mango 1 AK/RAAMP/PR/A/012

12 Effiong Akpan N04.92822 Pear 1 Farmer

Udo E007.94235 Male 7,700.00

Nung Ukana 54 years

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/013 Primary school

Married with children

13 Aniedi Nyong N04.91910 Gmelina 5 Farmer

AFAHA IKOT OWOP E007.91861 Male 35,000.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/014 71 years

Secondary school

Married with children

14 Sunday Nyong 09024055373 N04.91910 Gmelina 2 Farmer

Nung Oku Ikot Ekere E007.91861 Male 28,520.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/015 Fig 1 73 years

Primary school

Married with children

15 Imaikop Nna Akpan 08137549851 N04.94288 Pear 2 Driver

NUNG OKU IKOT EKERE E007.92002 Male 15,400.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/016 32 years

Primary school

Married with children

16 Ntiedo Ekpeyong 09061285514 N04.93434 Pear 2 Pensioner

Ikot Obio Offong E007.95347 Male 69,300.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/017 Apple 7 71 years

Primary school

Both Married with children

17 Mr. Okon Ekpeyong 09061285514 N04.93434 Coconut 1 Farmer

Ikot Obio Offong E007.95347 Male 22,750.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/018 Mango 1 73 years

Primary school

Both Married with children

18 Mr. Oto Ekpeyong 09061285514 N04.93416 Coconut 1 Trader

Ikot Obio Offong E007.95329 Male 22,750.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/019 Mango 1 45 years

Secondary

School

Certificate

Married with children

19 Unyime Christopher Ekanem 08032923459 N04.93384 Pear 1 Driver

Nung Ukana E007.95291 Male 26,150.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/020 Oil Palm 2 28 years

Secondary school

Not married

20 Stephen E. Udonwa 08164604060 N04.92945 Gmelina 3 Trader

Nung Ukana E007.94642 Male 21,000.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/021 51 years

Primary school

Married with children

21 Inibehe Bassey Udo 08160272850 N04.92951 Coconut 1 Farmer

Nung Ukana E007.94680 Male 21,000.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/022 Raffia 2 41 years Palm Primary school

Married with children

22 Idorenyin Nna Akpan 08128772858 N04.94288 Thunder 3 Farmer Tree Nung Oku Ikot Ikere E007.92002 Male 9,000.00

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/023 45 years

Primary school

Married with children

SUB TOTAL 820,660.00

INDIVIDUALS WITH AFFECTED BUSINESSES S/N NAME OF PAP AND PROPERTI DESCRIPTION SOCIO CHALLEN IMPACT MITIGATION COMPENSA CONTACT ES/ASSET OF PROPERTY ECONO GE MEASURES TION S AND MIC PRECURS PAYABLE COORDIN STATUS ORS ATES/ OF PAP (NAIRA) CODE 23 Innocent John Akpan Provision Open shed Farmer Limited Resettlement by way of 07061391190 Shop Provision Shop access to compensation for disruption of Edeobom 1 market due business for 6 months 120,000.00 Male N04.88682 to poor state 40 years E007.90562 of the road Secondary school Married with children AK/RAAM P//PR/A/2 2

24 Ekemini Friday Johnson N04.88682 Seamstress’ Shop Informal Limited Resettlement by way of 120,000.00 08165268711 employme access to compensation for disruption of Ede Obom 1 E007.90562 nt as market due business for 6 months Female AK/RAAM seamstress to poor state 27 years P/PR/A/23 of the road Secondary school Not married

25 OtoAbasi Ranking 09037879245 N04.88682 Phone Accessories Informal Limited Resettlement by way of 120,000. 00 Ede Obom 1 E007.90562 Shop employme access to compensation for disruption of Male AK/RAAM nt as petty market due business for 6 months 25 years P/PR/A/24 trader to poor state Secondary school of the road Married with children

SUB TOTAL 360,000.00

GRAND TOTAL FOR INDIVIDUALS 1,180,660.00

VULNERABLE PAP

S/N NAME OF CLAIMANT PHONE GPS TYPE OF QUANTITY SOCIO ECONOMIC AMOUNT NUMBER COORDINATE CROP CONDITION OF (N) PAP/LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION

1. Etim Matthew 08130416587 N04.91853 Plantain 23 Vulnerable old man with no means of livelihood Afaha Ikot Owok E007.91675 39,100.00 Male

AK/RAAMP/PR/A/010 85 years

Primary school

Married with children

Livelihood restoration by way of replanting 30 stands of Plantain (N51,000) and cash compensation 171,000 of N20,000 for a period of 6 months (N120,000)

TOTAL 210,000

ANNEX B: COST DERIVATION TABLE FOR AFFECTED STRUCTURES AND LANDED PROPERTY BASED ON MARKET SURVEY

S/N TYPE OF DESCRIPTION RATE/m2 IN N PROPERTY

1 Temporary structures CIS roof: wooden Wall: Cement Screed Floor 4,000 – 8,000M2

2 Light Commercial CIS roof, sandcrete block wall, cement screed N7,000 - N10,000 /m2 (Permanent) floor, asbestos ceiling

3 Fence wall 1) Sandcrete block fence plastered with razor 15,000-18,000M2 wire height of 2.5m2

2) Block wall fence not plastered height 1.5m. 10,000-12,000M2

4 Lock up shop Roof: Corrugated iron sheet on wooden trusses:

Ceiling: Asbestos 35,000-40,000m2 Doors: Iron or Wooden

Floor: Cement screed, no provision made for

toilets.

Roof with long span aluminium plus above details. 45,000-50,000m2

5 Tenement building CIS roof, Asbestos ceiling:

Wooden Doors, Windows: wooden or Louvers, Floor: Cement screed or PVC etc. 36,000-42,000m2

6 Bungalow As above + internal finishing 40,000-45,000m2

7 Bungalow As above but with corrugated aluminium roof, GMP Doors and windows, Floor: cement screed, ceramic, terrazzo, marble, etc. 55,000-60,000m2

8 Facilities / Advert Relocation of facilities (sign post, branded N8,000 - N40,000 structures kiosk, metal container on concrete slab, etc.)

Electricity pole (concrete) N80,000 - N120,000

9 Concrete pavement of Concrete paving N7,000 -N12,000/m2 250mm thickness

10 Grave /Tombstone 1) Grave only on earth cover 50,000

2) Earth grave with tombstone 60,000 - 70,000

3) Grave with block wall and concrete slab 100,000-120,000

4) Memorial tombstone 80,000 - 150,000

11 Semi-permanent a) Mud with thatch roof, consolidated earth 5,000-12,000/m2 building floor etc.

10,000-20,000/m2 b) With CIS roof and cement screed floor

12 LAND M2 500 – 800/m2

ANNEX C: COST DERIVATION TABLE FOR CASH CROPS AND ECONOMIC TREES BASED ON MARKET SURVEY

CATEGORY AFFECTED UNIT OF UNIT GROWTH COST OF COST OF AMOUNT CROP MEASUREMENT SEEDLING LABOUR RATE PERIOD (₦) (₦) (Yrs) (₦) (₦)

1 Basket 3,000 4 200 550 12,750 Mango

Coconut 1 Basket 2,000 4 1,000 1,000 10,000

Plantain 1 Bunch 1,000 1 200 500 1,700

Pear 1 Basket 2,300 3 100 700 7,700

Banana 1 Bunch 1,000 1 200 500 1,700

1 Bunch 1,300 6 255 1,200 9,255 crops Oil Palm Cashew 1 Basket 2,700 5 300 720 14,520

Apple 1 Basket 2300 3 300 500 7,700

Fig 1 Basket 2,200 6 320 1000 14,520

Pumpkin 1 Bundle 200 0.4 100 270 450

Gmelina 1 Tree 1,000 6 500 500 7,000

Trees Raffia Palm 1 Tree 700 6 500 800 5,500

Thunder Tree 1 Tree 500 4 300 700 3,000

ANNEX D: CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST