REPUBLIC OF CCRROOAATTIIAA

Public Administration Country Profile

Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM) Department for Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) United Nations

April 2005

All papers, statistics and materials contained in the Country Profiles express entirely the opinion of the mentioned authors. They should not, unless otherwise mentioned, be attributed to the Secretariat of the United Nations.

The designations employed and the presentation of material on maps in the Country Profiles do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Table of Contents Table of Contents...... 1 Croatia ...... 2 1. General Information ...... 3 1.1 People...... 3 1.2 Economy ...... 3 1.3 Public Spending ...... 4 1.4 Public Sector Employment and Wages...... 4 2. Legal Structure ...... 5 2.1 Legislative Branch...... 5 2.2 Executive Branch ...... 6 2.3 Judiciary Branch ...... 6 2.4 Local Government...... 7 3. The State and Civil Society ...... 8 3.1 Ombudsperson ...... 8 3.2 Citizens and Public Authorities ...... 8 3.3 NGOs and Civil Society ...... 8 4. Civil Service ...... 9 4.1 Legal basis...... 9 4.2 Recruitment ...... 9 4.3 Promotion...... 9 4.4 Remuneration ...... 10 4.5 Training...... 10 4.6 Gender...... 10 5. Ethics and Civil Service ...... 11 5.1 Corruption ...... 11 5.2 Ethics...... 11 6. e-Government ...... 12 6.1 e-Government Readiness ...... 12 6.2 e-Participation...... 13 7. Links ...... 14 7.1 National sites ...... 14 7.2 Miscellaneous sites...... 14

1 CCRROOAATTIIAA

Croatia Click here for detailed map

Government type Presidential/parliamentary democracy

Independence 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Constitution Adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001 (click here)

Legal system Based on civil law system

Administrative divisions Divided into 20 counties and one city (Zagreb) (click here) Source: The World Factbook - Croatia

Source: The World Factbook - Croatia

Formerly a republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia together with Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia, Croatia held its first multi-party elections in 1990 when the Croatian nationalist Franjo Tudjman was elected President. In 1991 Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia. Subsequent conflict with the Yugoslav army ceased in January 1992 when the UN deployed a peace keeping force in Serbian-held areas. In 1998 Eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatian control and in 2002 UN peace keepers withdrew from the Prevlaka peninsula giving control of all the sovereign Croatian territory to the Croatian authorities for the first time since independence. The death of President Franjo Tudjman in December 1999 followed by parliamentary and presidential elections in early 2000 resulted in significant political changes in Croatia. The power of presidency was diminished and Parliament was empowered with greater responsibility. The new government has progressed in implementation of the Dayton Peace Accord regarding refugee return, regional co-operation, national reconciliation and democratic reforms. The new government has also ameliorated the relations with neighboring countries as well as with international community, which were strained under Tudjman’s presidency. Source: Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade - Croatia Country Brief & OSCE - Legislationline: Croatia

2 1. General Information

1.1 People Croatia BiHi Slovenia 1 Population a Total estimated population (,000), 2003 4,427 4,162 1,984 Female estimated population (,000), 2003 2,298 2,103 1,020 Male estimated population (,000), 2003 2,129 2,059 964 Sex ratio (males per 100 females), 2003 93 98 98 Average annual rate of change of pop. (%), 2000-2005 -0.19 1.13 -0.11 Youth and Elderly Population b Total population under age 15 (%), 2003 17 17 15 Female population aged 60+ (%), 2003 25 18 23 Male population aged 60+ (%), 2003 18 13 17 Human Settlements c Urban population (%), 2001 58 43 49 Rural population (%), 2001 42 57 51 Urban average annual rate of change in pop. (%), ‘00-‘05 0.75 2.19 -0.1 Rural average annual rate of change in pop/ (%), ‘00-‘05 -1 0.29 -0.14 Education d Total school life expectancy, 2000/2001 11.9 .. 15 1

Female school life expectancy, 2000/2001 12.1 .. 16 1

Male school life expectancy, 2000/2001 11.7 .. 15 1

Female estimated adult (15+) illiteracy rate (%), 2000 2.7ii .. 0.4ii 2

Male estimated adult (15+) illiteracy rate (%), 2000 0.7ii .. 0.3ii 2 Employment e Unemployment rate (15+) (%), 2001 15.8 .. 7.4iii 1

Female adult (+15) economic activity rate (%), 2001 45 .. 51iv 2

Male adult (+15) economic activity rate (%), 2001 62 .. 65iv 2

Notes: i Bosnia and Herzegovina; ii 1991; iii 1999, Month of May; iv De jure population

1.2 Economy Croatia BiHi Slovenia 2 GDP a GDP total (millions US$), 2002 22,421 5,249 21,108 GDP per capita (US$), 2002 5,122 1,274 3,637 PPP GDP total (millions int. US$), 2002 43,625 22,820 127,256 PPP GDP per capita(int. US$), 2002 9,967 5,537 8,094 Sectors b ii ii Value added in agriculture (% of GDP), 2003 29.3 16.7 3.1 ii ii Value added in industry (% of GDP), 2003 62.5 34.7 36.2 ii ii Value added in services (% of GDP), 2003 45.3 48.6 60.7 Miscellaneous c GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth), 2003 2.4 0.9 0.9 Private consumption (% of GDP), 2003 61.2 91.8 53.2 Government consumption (% of GDP), 2003 20.4 22.3 21.6 Notes: i Bosnia and Herzegovina; ii 2002

1 United Nations Statistics Division: a Statistics Division and Population Division of the UN Secretariat; b Statistics Division and Population Division of the UN Secretariat; c Population Division of the UN Secretariat; d1 UNESCO ; d2 UNESCO; e1 ILO; e2 ILO/OECD 2 World Bank - Data and Statistics: a Quick Reference Tables; b Data Profile Tables ; c Country at a Glance

3 1.3 Public Spending Croatia BiHi Slovenia Public expenditures 3 Education (% of GNP), 1985-1987 ...... a

Education (% of GNP), 1995-1997 5.3 .. 5.7 a

Health (% of GDP), 1990 9.5 .. .. ii Health (% of GDP), 1998 9.5 .. 6.7 Military (% of GDP), 1990 ...... b

Military (% of GDP), 2000 3 .. 1.2 b

Total debt service (% of GDP), 1990 ...... Total debt service (% of GDP), 2000 12.8 .. .. Notes: i Bosnia and Herzegovina; ii 1999; Click here for furtrher information on “Subnational Share of Overall Public Spending and Public Administration Employees”

1.4 Public Sector Employment and Wages Central & Middle Europe & Eastern income Croatia Croatia Central Asia Data from the latest year available Europe group 1991-1995 1996-2000 average4 average4 average4 1996-2000 1996-2000 1996-2000 Employment (,000) 73.0 86.03 Civilian Central Government5 (% pop.) 1.56 1.88 0.61 0.45 0.59 (,000) 26.0 19.6 Sub-national Government5 (% pop.) 0.56 0.43 0.61 0.45 0.59 (,000) 66.0 55.91 Education employees (% pop.) 1.41 1.22 1.58 1.43 1.20 (,000) 70.0 32.6 Health employees (% pop.) 1.50 0.71 1.15 1.04 0.70 (,000) .. 40.0 Police (% pop.) .. 0.89 0.68 0.31 0.30 (,000) .. .. Armed forces (% pop.) .. .. 0.87 0.77 0.46 (,000) .. .. SOE Employees (% pop.) .. .. 20.08 8.28 3.61 (,000) .. .. Total Public Employment (% pop.) ...... 6.05 Wages Total Central gov't wage bill (% of GDP) 3.0 .. 5.9 6.7 8.5 Total Central gov’t wage bill (% of exp) 25.3 23.6 13.1 14.4 21.6 Average gov't wage (LCU) 28,320 47,112 Real ave. gov’t wage ('97 price) (LCU) 31,985 42,689 Average gov’t wage to per capita GDP ratio 1.5 1.5 6.3 1.1 4.2 Source: World Bank - Public Sector Employment and Wages

3 UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 a Data refer to total public expenditure on education, including current and capital expenditures. b As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of military expenditure data over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see SIPRI (2001). 4 Averages for regions and sub regions are only generated if data is available for at least 35% of the countries in that region or sub region. 5 Excluding education, health and police – if available (view Country Sources for further explanations).

4 2. Legal Structure

Croatia is a multi-party parliamentary Republic. State powers are divided into three branches: legislative (Parliament) executive (President and government) and judicial (courts). A series of constitutional amendments passed in November 2000 obliges the president after election to resign from membership in a political party [Art. 95]. The 2000 constitutional amendments also made the government answerable solely to parliament [Art. 114].6 Source: OSCE (Legislationline) - Croatia

2.1 Legislative Branch

Unicameral Assembly or Sabor (152 seats; one seat was added in the November 2003 parliamentary elections; members elected from party lists by popular vote to serve four-year terms).7 women in parliament: 33 out of 152 seats: (22%).8

The Parliament (Sabor) is unicameral, following the abolition Fact box: of the Upper House (House of Counties) in March 2003. elections: Assembly - last According to the 1990 Constitution, the Croatian Parliament held 23 November 2003 (next to be held in 2007) may have a minimum of 100 and a maximum of 160 election results: Assembly - members, who are elected directly by secret ballot based on percent of vote by party - universal suffrage for a term of four years. Parliamentary number of seats by party - terms of office are not binding, while members have legal HDZ 66, SDP 34, HSS 10, immunity. HNS 10, HSP 8, IDS 4, Source: Croatian Parliament - About the Croatian Parliament Libra 3, HSU 3, SDSS 3, other 11 The powers of the Parliament include enactment and amendment of the Constitution, passage of laws, adoption of the state budget, declarations of war and peace, alteration of the boundaries of the Republic, supervision of the government, conducting elections and appointments to office. The Parliament makes decisions by a majority vote, provided that a majority of representatives are present, unless otherwise specified by the Constitution. Laws, which regulate the rights of national minorities, are passed with a two-thirds majority vote of all members of Parliament. Laws, which elaborate the constitutionally defined human rights and fundamental freedoms, the electoral system, the organization, authority and operation of government bodies and the organization and authority of local and regional self-government are passed with a majority vote of all members of Parliament. The President promulgates laws within eight days from the date when they were passed in the Parliament. However, if the President considers the draft law not to be in accordance with the Constitution, she/he may initiate proceedings to review the constitutionality of the law before the Constitutional Court. The President, the government or at least one-fifth of the members of the Parliament may propose amendments to the Constitution. The decision to commence the proceedings for the amendment is taken by the Parliament with a majority vote of all members. Draft amendments are determined by a majority vote of all the members

6 SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004) 7 Source of fact boxes if nothing else stated: The World Factbook - Croatia 8 Inter-Parliamentary Union - Women in National Parliaments

5 of the Parliament. The decision to amend the Constitution is made by a two-thirds majority vote of all the members of the Parliament. The Parliament promulgates the amendment. Source: OSCE (Legislationline) - Croatia

2.2 Executive Branch cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the parliamentary Assembly elections: President elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prime minister nominated by the president in line with the balance of power in the Assembly.

The President is the head of state and is elected by direct Fact box: popular vote for a term of five years, with a maximum of two chief of state: President successive terms. Additionally, the President serves as Stjepan (Stipe) MESIC Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, represents the (since 18 February 2000). elections: Election last held Republic of Croatia and appoints the Prime Minister and 16 January 2005 (next to be Cabinet members with the prior consent of Parliament. held January 2010) The head of government is the Prime Minister who is election results: Stjepan responsible to Parliament and appoints the Cabinet. The Prime MESIC reelected president; percent of vote - Stjepan Minister, who is nominated by the President, assumes office MESIC (HNS) 66%, following a parliamentary vote of confidence in the Jadranka KOSOR (HDZ) government. 34% head of government: Prime The government exercises executive power. The government Minister Ivo SANADER assumes office following a vote of confidence with the (since 9 December 2003); majority of all members of Parliament. Deputy Prime Ministers Jadranka KOSOR (since 23 The government may propose legislation and other acts to the December 2003) and Parliament, propose the state budget, execute laws and other Andrija HEBRANG (since decisions of the Parliament, enact decrees to implement the 23 December 2003) laws, guide the foreign and internal policies, direct and control the operation of the state administration. Source: OSCE (Legislationline) - Croatia9

2.3 Judiciary Branch

Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by the Assembly.

Croatia has a three-tiered judicial system, consisting of the Supreme Court, county courts, and municipal courts. Croatia's Supreme Court is the highest court in the Republic. The Supreme Court assures the uniform application of laws. Members of the high court are appointed by the National Judicial Council, a body of 11 members, and justices on the Supreme Court are appointed for life. The court's hearings are generally open to the public. The Constitutional Court is a body of 13 judges appointed by Parliament for an 8- year term. The Constitutional Court works to assure the conformity of all laws to the Constitution. Source: U.S. Department of State - Background Notes

9 For details see: Government of the Republic of Croatia - About Government

6 All judges are appointed for life by the National Judiciary Council (elected by the House of Representatives) as an independent state institution formed of Parliament members, judicial authorities, well respected public persons and members of Croatian Bar Association. The Minister of Justice names the presidents of the courts from among the appointed judges and the president of the Supreme Court of Croatia is chosen by the Parliament based on the proposition from the Cabinet. Source: International Institute of Administrative Sciences & UNDESA - Croatia (2000)

2.4 Local Government The existing territorial structure consists of two sub-national levels, municipalities and counties. Municipalities are either communes, smaller self-government units in rural areas, or cities in urban areas. Counties are established as second level units; they are both parts of the system of state administration and local self-government units. The entire territory is divided into 20 counties excluding specific status of the capital city of Zagreb. The scope of activities at local level is regulated by the Law on the Determination of Affairs of the Self-Government Scope of Local Self-Government Units passed in July 1993 (click here). It provides a detailed list of self-government affairs and determines precisely which are to be performed by municipalities and by counties. The Law also states that all affairs not determined by law as local affairs are to be carried out by the Ministries and other central government bodies. The Law on Local Self-government provides for forms of direct decision making in municipalities and the 1996 Law on Referendum and Other Forms of Personal Participation of Citizens in Managing the Affairs of State Authorities and Local Self- government establishes various forms of citizens’ personal participation in local affairs. Source: Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative (LGI) - Stabilization of Local Governments (2001)10

10 See also: SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004)

7 3. The State and Civil Society

3.1 Ombudsperson The Ombudsman institution was established according to Section 93 of the Constitution for promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms on national level. The Ombudsman is authorized by the Croatian Parliament to protect the constitutional and legal rights of citizens in proceedings before governmental administration and bodies vested with public authority. The Ombudsman is elected by the Croatian Parliament for a period of eight years. The Ombudsman institution has 3 deputies, who are all elected and relieved of office by the Parliament at the proposal made by the Ombudsman in person. Source: Eunomia & The Greek Ombudsman - The Ombudsman Institution in South-Eastern Europe (2003) & Croatian Parliament - About the Croatian Parliament

3.2 Citizens and Public Authorities The Constitution guarantees judicial control over the legality of individual acts of administrative bodies and other bodies vested with public authority. An appeal may be lodged against individual acts, actions and measures of bodies of state administration, of local self-government and administrative bodies and of legal entities vested with public authority in first instance affairs delegated to them. In cases where the appeal is not permitted, judicial protection is provided for. The Administrative Court of the Republic of Croatia decides actions brought against punishable administrative acts and carries out other affairs prescribed by law Source: International Institute of Administrative Sciences & UNDESA - Croatia (2000)

3.3 NGOs and Civil Society Toward the end of the Tudjman regime, as the 2000 general elections were approaching, the country saw unprecedented growth in civic action and volunteerism. Vibrant NGO activity helped bring about a change in government through the encouragement of voter participation, awareness campaigns, and constant pressure on the HDZ government to support a transparent electoral process. The organization GONG started as a pro-vote initiative but developed into an all-purpose advocate offering anything from legal advice to tours of the Parliament. GONG and similar groups have played a major role in animating Croatian youths, not only to vote but also to become active participants in the democratic process. In November 2000 following a number of discussions, the government gathered representatives from numerous NGOs, nonprofit organizations, the public sector, religious institutions, and international organizations to adopt its Program for Cooperation between the government and the nongovernmental, nonprofit sector in Croatia. A number of important measures followed, including the introduction of certain tax breaks for NGOs and the adoption of the Law of Associations. The new law significantly improved the legal framework for NGO activity, including the removal of clauses permitting government interference in NGO work; it also eliminated registration and tax hurdles. Source: Freedom House - Nations in Transit (2003)

8 4. Civil Service

Under the most recent Government, the Ministry Justice, Administration and Local Self-Government (MoJALSG) was the lead on HRM issues. The new Government has restructured and the public administration portfolio has been transferred to a newly created State Office of Administration under the Prime Minister.11 Rules and regulations for staff management and, in particular, recruitment and promotion are set by the MoJALSG; their implementation is the responsibility of each institution, although the MoJALSG is tasked with the supervision of compliance by the ministries and with handling administrative procedures concerning civil servants. The Department for Administrative Inspection ensures supervision and compliance. Source: SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004)

4.1 Legal basis Act of 14 March 2001 on Civil Servants and State employees (Text No. 471). Narodne Novine, 2001-03-30, No. 27, pp. 668-686 Fixes rights, obligations, responsibilities and means of wages determination of civil servants and State employees. Also contains provisions relating to the tasks and vocational training and upgrading of civil servants and State employees. The law covers all State employees with the exceptions of the Judiciary, local level officials and uniform branches. It distinguishes between public employees and professional civil servants.12 Repeals Act of 12 October 1994 on civil servants and government employees and on wages for those responsible for judicial functions. Source: International Labour Organization (NATLEX) - Croatia: Public and civil servants

4.2 Recruitment Article 114 of the Constitution and Article 14 ff. of the Law on Civil Servants and Public Employees call for a public competition to enter the public service (for both civil service and public employee status), with certain exceptions contained in Art 15. In all cases the ultimate decision lies with the Minister or a delegate, who has to choose amongst the finalists of the competitive process. The Law on Civil Servants and Public Employees includes an probationary period and calls for a civil service examination before tenure can be awarded. The examination tests primarily candidates’ legal knowledge. Source: SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004) (edited)

4.3 Promotion The Law on Civil Servants and Public Employees describes the generic tasks of different positions (job titles) and defines career paths for civil servants. It also describes the necessary credentials (education, experience) for the different positions. Promotion is strictly based on seniority requirements.

11 SIGMA collected data prior to this change, thus when the text refer to the MoJALSG this reflect the old distribution of competencies. However, the text remains relevant for the future work of the new Office. 12 SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004)

9 Appointments to Assistant Minister are exempt from the strict rules of seniority, thus these posts are sometimes used to promote outstanding young civil servants, or recruit from outside. Source: SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004) (edited)

4.4 Remuneration The basic principles of the new system are laid out in the Law on Civil Servants and Public Employees. The existing salary compression ratio is about 1:5. Salaries in the civil service in Croatia are higher than in the rest of the region and compare more closely with Slovenia. The wages of civil servants are determined by a coefficient system, i.e. grades/positions are linked to task complexity coefficients; the multiplier (wage calculation base) is fixed every year. The product is increased by a seniority supplement of 0.5% for each completed year of service. The basis for wage calculation is determined by the Collective Agreement. The starting points for the establishment of the wage basis are: the budget proposal for the next year; the wage policy agreement; and the average monthly gross wage of employees in the Republic of Croatia disbursed during the previous year, which is fixed by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics and published in the Official Gazette. If no agreement on the wage calculation basis is reached before passage of the State budget, the wage calculation basis is set by a Government Regulation. Source: SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004)

4.5 Training Chapter 9 of the Law on Civil Servants and Public Employees regulates professional training and improvement of civil servants. The existing training provided by the MoJALSG is designed to prepare candidates for the civil service examination, and it concentrates on legal issues. Continuous training to systematically update skills and knowledge of the existing staff is not provided by the MoJALSG. Some ministries have organized systematic training in cooperation with universities, for example, for customs officials and for the financial police. Specific training may also be organized by the individual ministries on an ad hoc basis. Source: SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004) (edited)

4.6 Gender The Constitution as well as the Law on Civil Servants and Public Employees [Art. 5] call for equal access to the public service. Women are well represented in the public service. The representation of women in top management positions seems to be higher than in most EU Member States. Source: SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004) (edited)

10 5. Ethics and Civil Service

5.1 Corruption 2003 CPI Score relates to perceptions of the degree of corruption as seen by business people and country analysts and ranges between 10 (highly clean) and 0 (highly corrupt).

Corruption Perceptions Index 90 percent 2003 CPI Surveys Standard High-Low Number confidence Score Used Deviation Range Inst. range Rank Country 1 Highly clean 9.7 8 0.3 9.2 - 10.0 4 9.5 - 9.9 59 Croatia 3.7 8 0.6 2.6 – 4.7 7 3.3 -4.0 133 Highly corrupt 1.3 8 0.7 0.3 - 2.2 6 0.9 - 1.7 Source: Transparency International - Corruption Perceptions Index 2003

Surveys Used: Refers to the number of surveys that were used to assess a country's performance. 17 surveys were used and at least 3 surveys were required for a country to be included in the CPI. Standard Deviation: Indicates differences in the values of the sources. Values below 0.5 indicate agreement, values between 0.5 and c. 0.9 indicate some agreement, while values equal or larger than 1 indicate disagreement. High-Low Range: Provides the highest and lowest values of the sources. Number Institutions: Refers to the number of independent institutions that assessed a country's performance. Since some institutions provided more than one survey. 90 percent confidence range: Provides a range of possible values of the CPI score. With 5 percent probability the score is above this range and with another 5 percent it is below. The recent Government adopted a national programme to fight against corruption in 2001. This programme, together with the action plan, was approved by parliament in spring 2002. A special parliamentary commission was to have the task of supervising the implementation of the action plan; however, by the date of the election (November 2003) no commission had been created. The Ministry of Justice, Administration and Local Self-Government is tasked to report at least twice a year on the progress of implementation of the action plan. An office for fighting corruption and organized crime was established in 2001. Amendments to the Penal Code, aimed at improving the prosecution of active and passive corruption and conflict of interest, were adopted in July 2003. A law on Preventing Conflict of Interest was also adopted in summer 2003; it obliges a large number of elected and appointed public officials to disclose their financial assets, interests and liabilities. The law provides for a commission to be set up to ensure its implementation. Public officials have a duty to report suspected corruption under the Civil Service and Public Employment Law. Source: SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004) (edited)

5.2 Ethics The Law on Civil Servants and Public Employees includes disciplinary regulations as well as liability regulations. Some training has been made available, mostly by bilateral assistance, to improve ethical behaviour in the public service. Source: SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004) (edited)

11 6. e-Government

e-Government 6.1 e-Government Readiness Readiness Index: e-Government Readiness Index The inde x refers to the generic capacity or aptitude of the public 0.6 sector to use ICT for encapsulating in public 0.5 services and deploying to the public, high 0.4 quality infor mation (explicit know ledge) and 0.3 effective communication tools that support human development. 0.2

The index is comprised 0.1 of three sub-indexes: Web Measure Index, Telecommunications 0 . . Infrastructure Index and ia a H ia * a t Bi a ep ont a ani ar ni R ani Human Capital Index. o lb lg o , M a m & Cr A Bu ed c ov Ro b. ld Ma er Mo S Web Measur e Index: * Former Yugoslav Republic Source: United Nations – World Public Sector Report 2003 A scale based on progressively sophisticated web services present. Coverage and sophistication of state- Web Measure Index Telecom. Infrastructure Index Human Capital Index provided e-service and e-product availability correspond to a 0.9 numerical classification. 0.8 0.7

Telecomm unications 0.6 Infrastructure Index: 0.5 A composite, weighted average index of six 0.4 primary indices, based 0.3 on basic infrastructural indicators that define a 0.2 country's ICT infra- 0.1 structure capacity.

Primary indicators are: 0 a . a t. PC’s, Internet users, tia H ria * n a ni Bi a a ni o online population and o a ba lg oni , Rep m M Cr Al Bu ed & Mobile phones. c ova Ro . ld rb Secondar y indicators Ma o M Se are TVs and telephone lines. * Former Yugoslav Republic Source: United Nations – World Public Sector Report 2003

Human Ca pital Index: A composite of the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio, with two thirds of the weight given to adult literacy and one third to the gross enrolment ratio.

12 e-Participation Index: 6.2 e-Participation e-Participation Index Refers to the willing- ness, on the part of 0.25 the government, to use ICT to provide 0.2 high quality informa- tion (explicit know- ledge) and effective 0.15 communication tools for the specific 0.1 purpose of empower- ring people for able participation in 0.05 consultations and decision-making both 0 in their capacity as a a H . t. ti ia a * p ia consumers of public a ni Bi ar i on g n Re an ba l o , m M services and as Cro a Al Bu ed citizens. c Ro a ldov erb.& M S Mo e-information: * Former Yugoslav Republic Source: United Nations – World Public Sector Report 2003 The government websites offer information on policies and e-information e-decision making e-consultation programs, budgets, laws and regulations, and other briefs of 9 key public interest. 8 Tools for dissemi- nating of information 7 exist for timely access and use of public 6 information, including 5 web forums, e-mail lists, newsgroups and 4 chat rooms. 3

2 e-decision making: 1 The government indicates that it will 0 take citizens input a a H a . a . ti ri p i into account in ni Bi a ont oa a g nia * r b l o , Re man M decision making and C d a Al e .& Bu ov Ro provides actual ac ld rb M Se feedback on the Mo outcome of specific issues. * Former Yugoslav Republic Source: United Nations – World Public Sector Report 2003 d

e-consultation: The government website explains e-consultation mechanisms and tools. It offers a choice of public policy topics online for discussion with real time and archived access to audios and videos of public meetings. The government encourages citizens to participate in discussions.

13 7. Links

7.1 National sites Authority Topic Office of the President http://www.predsjednik.hr

Parliament http://www.sabor.hr

Government http://www.vlada.hr Offices of the Government http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=197&sid=&jezik=2 Ministries http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=301&sid=&jezik=2 Central State Administrative Offices http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=331&sid=&jezik=2 State Administrative Organizations http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=194&sid=&jezik=2

Central Bureau of Statistics http://www.dzs.hr/

7.2 Miscellaneous sites Institution Topic Council of Europe (COE) http://www.coe.int European Bank for Reconstruction and Development http://www.ebrd.com/country/country/croatia/index.htm (EBRD) European Commission and World Bank (SEERECON) http://www.seerecon.org/croatia/index.cfm European Union (EU) http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/see/croatia/index.htm International Labour Organization (ILO) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex_browse.home Organization for Security and Co-operation in http://www.osce.org/croatia/overview/ Europe (OSCE) OSCE - Legislation http://www.legislationline.org OSCE - News http://www.osce.org/news/index.php United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) http://www.undp.hr/ World Bank (WB) http://www.worldbank.hr/

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