International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Workaholism Prevention in Occupational Medicine: A Systematic Review Thomas Cossin 1,*, Isabelle Thaon 1 and Laurence Lalanne 2,3,4 1 CHRU de Nancy, Centre de Consultations de Pathologies Professionnelles, Rue du Morvan, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France;
[email protected] 2 Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
[email protected] 3 Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Medical School of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France 4 INSERM 1114, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France * Correspondence:
[email protected] Abstract: Introduction: Given the extent of workaholism identified in the literature, it seems essential to consider effective preventive measures. The purpose of this article is to summarize literature data on possible collective and individual preventive measures against workaholism, especially in occupational medicine. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: 155 articles were retrieved in March 2019, but only 15 well-designed studies providing concrete measures to prevent workaholism were included. The various measures were classified using the traditional distinction between three levels of prevention. At the first level of prevention, workaholism can be avoided by implementing a protective organizational culture. The second level of prevention rather focuses on individual training and counselling to address the negative consequences of workaholism. Citation: Cossin, T.; Thaon, I.; Finally, the third level of prevention combines cognitive and behavioral interventions that enable Lalanne, L.