Reflections on Work Addiction As a Symptom of Contemporary Social Unrest

MOJ Addiction Medicine & Therapy Review Article Open Access Reflections on work addiction as a symptom of contemporary social unrest Abstract Volume 4 Issue 1 - 2017 The main objective of this paper is to present a set of reflections on the addiction to Néstor Raúl Porras Velásquez,1 Laura Camila work as a symptom of the social unrest of our post-industrial era. The methodology 2 used was the documentary analysis of recent publications on work addiction. The Parra D’aleman 1National University of Colombia, Colombia results show that the personal, organizational, job position (tasks and responsibilities) 2Los Libertadores University Foundation, University in Bogotá, and employment in general, as well as the process of organizational socialization Colombia and the management of interpersonal relationships with managers are triggers of addictive behavior. The partial conclusions indicate that the addictive behavior of Correspondence: Néstor Raúl Porras Velásquez, Psychologist salaried workers is configured as a coping strategy to the anxiety, stress, anxiety and at the National University of Colombia, Currently a professor psychological suffering generated by the fear of losing the work manifested in the and researcher at the faculty of psychology of the Libertadores perception of high contemporary labor instability. University Foundation, Bogotá. Member of the Free Association in Colombia, Email [email protected], Keywords: addiction to work, occupational health, work psychology, labor malaise [email protected] and social symptom Received: October 10, 2017 | Published: November 08, 2017 Introduction tolerance of unpleasant physical or psychological stimuli such as pain or sadness, depressed mood or dysphoria and the search for strong “Addiction is a compulsive behavior that seeks immediate feelings increase the predisposition and vulnerability for a subject to satisfaction but not a mental illness”, “Addictions are the substitute for develop an addiction. a primary satisfaction. That is, they are a compulsion to repetition”. Néstor Raúl Porras Velásquez. Finally, a behaviour becomes addictive, when the subject loses control before the beginning or cessation of behaviour, develops a At present and based on the studies and scientific literature dependency (it is not easy to stop thinking about such behaviour), consulted we can say that the addiction to work is part of this set of new the interest in other activities that previously disappeared was addictions. That in psychological terms is a psychological addiction pleasurable, maintains the behaviour despite being aware of its of the cognitive-behavioural order. In other words behavioural/ negative consequences and experiences a feeling of discomfort when emotional, which unlike chemical addiction to a drug, the addiction to it cannot perform such behaviour (abstinence syndrome). With these work does not have a “substance”. For this reason, when we talk about introductory elements to the subject in question, we next address the addiction from clinically/social perspective, the outlook is very broad particular aspects of adding to work in contemporary work contexts. and we delimit according to the types of addiction that have been proposed so far by the investigators of this phenomenon. In a nutshell, General aspects of addiction to work addiction to work is more of a compulsive behaviour than a mental The addiction to work is a topic that today draws attention not illness. The concept of workaholism may also be associated with a only to professionals and researchers of human behaviour at work but priori behaviours or behaviour that are healthy and not dangerous. to the staff dedicated to health in general. The interest in studying, These behaviours can become addictive, depending on the intensity, understanding and explaining this labour phenomenon has to do frequency or amount of time and money that the person invests in not only with the implications but also with the personal, social carrying them out and seriously interfere with the functioning of the and organizational repercussions that such behaviour entails as a subject. We refer, for example, to repetitive and excessive behaviours psychosocial risk factor intra and extra labour for the health of the such as: internet use, sex, work, shopping, food, gambling, among working population. At present, the world of work has undergone others. a series of changes not only at the technological level, but also in It is evident that the human being tends to repeat the behaviours the conditions of employment that directly affect a large number of that produce satisfactory or pleasant consequences, that is why people who are currently working, and indirectly, those who aspire certain behaviours can generate behaviours addictive. In short, a to enter the labour market. The companies in their eagerness to adapt behaviour becomes addictive, when the subject loses control before to the new demands of the global market generate new demands and the beginning or cessation of behaviour, develops a dependence (it is demands for the employees that translate into increasingly complex not easy to stop thinking about such behaviour), the interest in other transformations of the labour activities. Both the emotional work and activities that disappear previously it was pleasurable, maintains the more frequent social interactions with a greater number of people in the behaviour despite being aware of its negative consequences and their daily tasks (peers, bosses, suppliers, clients, etc.), affect both the experiences a feeling of discomfort when it cannot perform such health and well-being of workers and negatively affect the efficiency behaviour (abstinence syndrome). To the above, it is necessary to of productive organizations, since they become agents that generate initially add a set of risk factors to develop an addiction: difficulty in work stress, emotional exhaustion and job exhaustion. On the other coping with everyday problems, low self-esteem, impulsivity, non- hand, both flexibilization and job insecurity show in many regions Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com MOJ Addict Med Ther. 2017;4(1):217‒222 217 © 2017 Velásquez et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Copyright: Reflections on work addiction as a symptom of contemporary social unrest ©2017 Velásquez et al. 218 of the world new labour market conditions, where formalization of political, economic, scientific and technological changes have had a informal work becomes the norm and workers are forced to accept significant impact both on the role, responsibilities and roles assigned worse conditions in their workplaces. to the work psychologist, as well as on models and techniques that this as a social agent uses in his professional activity interventora Finally, among the new realities of contemporary work, we can and investigativa. However, however drastic those changes may mention the following: the merger and disappearance of large and have been, according to the authors mentioned: Psychology, with its especially small enterprises, which generate labour instability and scientific methods and theories remains the conceptual basis of work uncertainty about the future of the work, as well as loss of control psychology, and yet the psychologist has had to expand his activity over personal life projects and family that are reflected in a kind of to aspects related to other disciplines such as economics, labour law, existential vacuum because of the lack of meaning of the work done. occupational medicine, etc., both when working individually and For this reason, Marx’s phrase is included at the beginning of the text, when doing it as part of multidisciplinary teams.10 The warning is which can guide those who legislate or direct the areas of human talent directed mainly towards those psychologists and psychologists who management in companies in our country, in matters of decent and assume occupational psychology as an administrative practice of decent working conditions. This paper initially addresses the concepts human resources. of work psychology and occupational health psychology as a frame of reference for analyzing psychosocial risk factors and work addiction. On the other hand, according to Blanch,3 the psychology of work as a discipline and as a profession aims to study “the psychosocial Psychology of work phenomena and processes involved in the interaction of the employed 3 According to Leplat & Cuny,1 the name industrial psychology is person with his working environment”. This author acknowledges perhaps the most common and used in many countries. However, that traditionally a purely personal-personal perspective has “the term” work psychology “is clearly being imposed against been taken to analyze how ordinary people think, feel and value the traditional term of industrial psychology, more identified with working in the employment system and what psychosocial impact Taylorism and the strict economic optimization of industrial labor”.1 their work situation produces (employment, underemployment or From the perspective of these two French psychologists, talking unemployment). For this reason, it proposes a broader sociocultural about work psychology is much more pertinent and adequate than study perspective where the rigorous look and critical analysis of industrial-organizational psychology,

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