From Time Team to Archaeology for All

Dr Carenza Lewis University of Cambridge

www.access.arch.cam.ac.uk www.access.arch.cam.ac.uk

www.access.arch.cam.ac.uk

Enhancing educational, economic and social well-being through active participation in archaeology.

Higher Education Field Academy)

Aim – To help widen participation in higher education through participation in archaeological excavation

• Find out more about university

• Contribute to university research

• Develop confidence and deploy skills for life, learning and employment

The first HEFA - Terrington 2005 “I really enjoyed it. The best bit was not knowing what we would find’ (NP)

“It was hard work but I had a great time” (MS).

“The kids were really enthusiastic, talking about it all the way home, asking questions…. It helps that they’re doing it themselves, not just watching” (SC)

“All the students loved their experiences and are still talking about it! It was judged much ‘cooler’ than going to Alton Towers!” (EO). Coxwold Castleton Wiveton Binham

Terrington St Hindringham Clement Gaywood Peakirk Acle Wisbech St Ufford Mary Castor Thorney Carleton Rode

Sawtry Ramsey Isleham Garboldisham Chediston Houghton Willingham Cottenham Rampton Hessett Walberswick Riseley Swaffham Coddenham Girton Bulbeck Warnborough Great Long Sharnbrook Shelford Stapleford Bramford Shefford Melford Ashwell 2005 Pirton 2006 Manuden Thorrington Little Hallingbury 2007 West Mersea Mill Green 2008 Amwell 2009 Writtle 2010 N Daws Heath 2011 2012 0 miles 50 2013 2014 HEFA weather!

WRI/13 HEFA teams, HEFA spirit HEFA finds! Making finds, HEFA-style…

Interpretation - The perils of assuming you know best!

HEFA highlights HEFA outcomes – 4,024 learners

How did you rate/enjoy HEFA?'

How did you rate/enjoy HEFA?' 50 45 46 45

10 8

5 1 0 0 Excellent Good OK Not much Not at all HEFA outcomes - % responses 2005-11

How did HEFA compare to your expectations?'

How did HEFA compare to your expectations?' 100

90 86

20 15

10 3 0 Enjoyed more than expected Enjoyed as much as expected Did not enjoy as much as expected HEFA outcomes

Verbal Structured Creative communication working thinking Helped No difference Hindered Helped No difference Hindered Helped No difference Hindered 3% 2% 2%

17% 23% 20%

75% 80% 78%

Reflective Effort and learning persistence Team working

Helped No difference Hindered Helped No difference Hindered Helped No difference Hindered 2% 3% 2% 12% 14% 24%

74% 83% 86% HEFA outcomes

HEFA 2005-2011 Breakdown by Year "I feel more positive about staying at school after Year 11"

70 2005 60 2006 50 2007 40 2008 30 2009 20 % of students of % 2010 10 2011 0 Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree Disagree Strongly nor Disagree Disagree HEFA outcomes

'I feel more positive about going to university'

'I feel more positive about going to university' 90 83 80

20 13 10 3 0 Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree HEFA outcomes

HEFA 2005-2011 Considering applying to Cambridge University?

1200

1000

800

Before 600 After

400 No.of students 200

0 Yes Maybe No Newnham 2010

Ridley Hall 2012

Community Archaeology

Aim – To enrich lives and engage communities by providing opportunities for members of the public to take part in new archaeological fieldwork and excavations – in communities, with communities, for communities. Community Archaeology – From the outset Community Archaeology

CRO/07

WIV/06 Community Archaeology Pirton’s 104 test pits 2007 - 2011

14 PIRTON Test Pit Locations 13 2007 (Green), 2008 (Blue), 26 12 2009 (Yellow), 2010 (Purple) & 2011 (Orange) 11 20 28 27 27 20 22 25 4 24 12 5 21 13 1 23 9 21 2 11 4 3 17 9 14 7 12 5 26 19 2 1 18 8 6 8 10 8 7 15 3 13 5 22 14 2 4 5 7 9 20 10 16 17 18 19 15 16 4 16 11 18 15 21

8 21 9 1 16 12 20 22 17 10 19 18 23 14 15 23 4 17 5 2 25 24 13 3 1 3 7 3 6 N 6 2 6 19 11 1 Community Archaeology – Cambridge University 800th Anniversary celebrations in 2009 - Cottenham Community Archaeology – Cambridge University 800th Anniversary celebrations - Willingham Wider audiences – Story of England 2009

Nayland 2012 and 2014 Southwold 2014 Sudbury 2014 Red2Green Red2Green Red2Green

Red2Green clients Soham VC students Red2Green

Activity Number of participants ‘More likely to carry out activity now than before?’

Number % A) Read books about archaeology or local 2 18 history B) watch TV programmes about archaeology 7 64 or local history C) get involved with more practical 8 73 archaeology projects D) visit museums to learn more about 2 18 archaeology/local history E) discuss archaeology or local history with 2 18 others Red2Green

“Before this I didn’t feel comfortable around people with autistic spectrum conditions, but now I’ve spoken to them, interacted, and know now how they feel. I have great respect for them, and feel comfortable around them.”

Managing a Masterpiece – Suffolk and Essex Mount Bures 2011 Bures Common 2012 Clare Castle Excavations (May/September) 2013

Clare Castle Excavations (May/September)

Clare Castle 2

Excavations at Clare Castle in 2013

Clare Castle Excavation - June 2013 Overall Rating

No. of No. Participants 20

0 1 - Excellent 2 - Good 3 - OK 4 - Poor 5 - Very poor Excavations at Clare Castle in 2013

Clare Castle Excavation - June 2013 "I will take more interest in the archaeology and heritage of Clare in the future"

15 No.of Participants 10

0 1 - Strongly agree 2 - Agree 3 - Neither agree 4 - Disagree 5 - Strongly nor disagree disagree Clare Castle

Clare Castle Excavation - June 2013 "I will take more interest in archaeology and heritage generally in the future"

15 No. of No. Participants 10

0 1 - Strongly agree 2 - Agree 3 - Neither agree 4 - Disagree 5 - Strongly nor disagree disagree Clare Castle

Clare Castle Excavation - June 2013 "Would you recommend this activity to others?"

30 No. of No. Participants 20

0 Yes Maybe No Goldingham

1 2 3+ High

Medieval Bulmer Fieldwalking 2012 High medieval Pottery Goldingham excavations Goldingham excavations SVCA Cambridge Community Heritage

Cambridge Community Heritage Open Days - June 2012 Most Useful Aspects

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 Community group representatives from Meldreth discuss their 30 plans with CCH PI Carenza Lewis

20 Participant Responses (%) Responses Participant 10 0 Meeting the Meeting other The opportunity Learning more Gaining the researchers community to develop your about how to run confidence to groups project ideas your project apply for funding further Cambridge Community Heritage

Village ‘big dig’ projects

A test pit excavation team at West Wickham

University of Cambridge researchers working with communities Cambridge Community Heritage

Community archaeological field-walking projects

University of Cambridge researchers working with communities Cambridge Community Heritage

Community excavations on historic sites

Sixth form students excavating in Saffron Walden

Excavations in Castle Close, Sharnbrook

University of Cambridge researchers working with communities Cambridge Community Heritage

Local history projects

University of Cambridge researchers working with communities Oral Histories

University of Cambridge researchers working with communities Cambridge Community Heritage

700 600 600 1 year 600 500 400 415 400 400 400 9 academics 300 300 300 300 300 300 250 200 200 200 200 175 200 150 28 community 100 100 100 40 groups 0 20 0 100s of outputs

Nearly 5,000 people

Estimated numbers reached by project Cambridge Community Heritage

Collaborate again?

Attitude to the University of Cambridge

Views on working with Uni. researchers

Impact of the project on the community

Increased sense of connection with your heritage

Increased knowledge of your heritage

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0

Mean score (out of 10) Benefits to research

Pirton 2007-11 Disturbed levels Test pits containing pottery dating to 1 sherd 4g or less 700 BC – AD 43

1 sherd 5g or more

2-4 sherds

5 sherds or more

Undisturbed levels

1 sherd 4g or less

1 sherd 5g or more

2-4 sherds N

5 sherds or more Pirton 2007-11 Disturbed levels Test pits containing pottery dating to 1 sherd 4g or less 1st – mid 5th century AD

1 sherd 5g or more

2-4 sherds

5 sherds or more

Undisturbed levels

1 sherd 4g or less

1 sherd 5g or more

2-4 sherds N

5 sherds or more Pirton 2007-11 Disturbed levels Test pits containing pottery dating to 1 sherd 4g or less mid 5th – mid 9th century AD

1 sherd 5g or more

2-4 sherds

5 sherds or more

Undisturbed levels

1 sherd 4g or less

1 sherd 5g or more

2-4 sherds N

5 sherds or more Pirton 2007-11 Disturbed levels Test pits containing pottery dating to 1 sherd 4g or less mid 9th – mid 11th century AD

1 sherd 5g or more

2-4 sherds

5 sherds or more

Undisturbed levels

1 sherd 4g or less

1 sherd 5g or more

2-4 sherds N

5 sherds or more Pirton 2007-11 Disturbed levels Test pits containing pottery dating to 1 sherd 4g or less mid 11th – end 14th century

1 sherd 5g or more

2-4 sherds

5 sherds or more

Undisturbed levels

1 sherd 4g or less

1 sherd 5g or more

2-4 sherds N

5 sherds or more Pirton 2007-11 Disturbed levels Test pits containing pottery dating to 1 sherd 4g or less 15th – mid 16th century

1 sherd 5g or more

2-4 sherds

5 sherds or more

Undisturbed levels

1 sherd 4g or less

1 sherd 5g or more

2-4 sherds N

5 sherds or more Pirton 2007-11 Disturbed levels Test pits containing pottery dating to 1 sherd 4g or less mid 16th – end 18th century AD

1 sherd 5g or more

2-4 sherds

5 sherds or more

Undisturbed levels

1 sherd 4g or less

1 sherd 5g or more

2-4 sherds N

5 sherds or more Coxwold Wiveton Castleton Binham Terrington St Hindringham Paston Clement Grimston Kibworth Peakirk Gaywood Acle Ufford Wisbech St Mary Castor Thorney Carleton Rode

Sawtry Ramsey Isleham Houghton Garboldisham Chediston Southwold Willingham Cottenham Rampton Hessett Walberswick Riseley S Bulbeck Coddenham Sharnbrook Toft Girton W Wickham Warnborough Potton Shelford Melford Stapleford Bramford Shefford Meldreth Clare Waldingfield Sudbury Shillington Ashwell Clavering Nayland Pirton Bures Manuden Thorrington Little Hallingbury Mill Green West Mersea Amwell 1,891 pits Writtle HEFA N Daws Heath HEFA/community Community 0 miles 50 Smarden

The bigger picture – The power of pits % pits producing 2+ sherds Roman pottery (sites with 23+ pits dug)

30 Series1

Acle Clare Pirton Binham Castor Ufford Writtle Ashwell Hessett Thorney Wiveton Houghton Chediston CottenhamGaywood Willingham Coddenham Sharnbrook Long Melford West Mersea Carleton Rode Great Shelford Little Hallingbury

Paston (toPeakirk end 2012) (to end 2012)Potton (to end 2012)Terrington St Clement

8% of pits produce 2+ sherds of Roman pottery (regional average) % pits producing 2+ sherds Late Anglo-Saxon pottery (sites with 23+ pits dug)Mid C9th-midC11th - percentage of excavated pits producing 2+ sherds pottery

100

50 Total

Acle

Clare

Pirton

Ufford

Writtle

Castor Castor

Binham Hessett

Ashwell

Thorney Wiveton

Gaywood

Houghton

Chediston

Cottenham

Willingham

Sharnbrook

Coddenham

Long Melford Long

West Mersea West

Carleton Rode Carleton

Great Shelford Great

Little Hallingbury Little

Potton (to end 2012) end (to Potton

Paston (to end 2012) end (to Paston

Peakirk (to end 2012) end (to Peakirk Terrington St Clement St Terrington 10% of pits produce 2+ sherds of Late Anglo-Saxon pottery (regional average) % pits Midproducing C11th - mid-C14th 2+ sherds - percentage High Medieval of excavated pottery pits (sites producing with 2+23+ sherds pits dug) pottery

100

50 Total

Acle

Clare

Pirton

Ufford

Writtle

Castor Castor

Binham Hessett

Ashwell

Thorney Wiveton

Gaywood

Houghton

Chediston

Cottenham

Willingham

Sharnbrook

Coddenham

Long Melford Long

West Mersea West

Carleton Rode Carleton

Great Shelford Great

Little Hallingbury Little

Potton (to end 2012) end (to Potton

Paston (to end 2012) end (to Paston

Peakirk (to end 2012) end (to Peakirk Terrington St Clement St Terrington 38% of pits produce 2+ sherds of High Medieval pottery (regional average) Mid-C14th - mid-C16th - percentage of excavated pits producing 2+ sherds % pits producing 2+ sherds Late Medieval pottery (sites with 23+ pits dug) pottery

100

50 Total

Acle

Clare

Pirton

Ufford

Writtle

Castor Castor

Binham Hessett

Ashwell

Thorney Wiveton

Gaywood

Houghton

Chediston

Cottenham

Willingham

Sharnbrook

Coddenham

Long Melford Long

West Mersea West

Carleton Rode Carleton

Great Shelford Great

Little Hallingbury Little

Potton (to end 2012) end (to Potton

Paston (to end 2012) end (to Paston

Peakirk (to end 2012) end (to Peakirk Terrington St Clement St Terrington 21% of pits produce 2+ sherds of Late Medieval pottery (regional average) % pits producing 2+ sherds Late Medieval pottery (sites with 23+ pits dug) Series1

Acle Clare Pirton Binham Castor Ufford Writtle Ashwell Hessett Nayland Thorney Wiveton Houghton Chediston CottenhamGaywood Willingham Coddenham Sharnbrook Long Melford West Mersea Carleton Rode Great Shelford Little Hallingbury

Paston (toPeakirk end 2012) (to end 2012)Potton (to end 2012)Terrington St Clement 59% of pits produce 2+ sherds of post-medieval pottery (regional average)

Wiveton Roman Binham st th (late C1 – late C4 ) Terrington St Hindringham Paston Clement Gaywood Peakirk Acle Wisbech St Ufford Mary Castor Thorney Carleton Rode

Ramsey Isleham Houghton Garboldisham Chediston Willingham Cottenham Hessett Walberswick Girton Swaffham Sharnbrook Gt Shelford Coddenham Potton Toft Bulbeck Long Stapleford Bramford West Melford Shillington Meldreth Clare Ashwell Wickham 0 Pirton Clavering Nayland 1-9% Manuden Thorrington Little Hallingbury 10-19% West Mersea Amwell 20-29% Writtle 30-39% Daws Heath N 40-49% 50-60% 0 miles 50 61%+ Wiveton Early Anglo-Saxon Binham th th (late C4 – late C7 ) Terrington St Hindringham Paston Clement Gaywood Peakirk Acle Wisbech St Ufford Mary Castor Thorney Carleton Rode

Ramsey Isleham Houghton Garboldisham Chediston Willingham Cottenham Hessett Walberswick Girton Swaffham Sharnbrook Gt Shelford Coddenham Potton Toft Bulbeck Long Stapleford Bramford West Melford Shillington Clare Meldreth Wickham Ashwell 0 Pirton Clavering Nayland 1-9% Manuden Thorrington Little Hallingbury 10-19% West Mersea Amwell 20-29% Writtle 30-39% Daws Heath N 40-49% 50-60% 0 miles 50 61%+ Wiveton Late Anglo-Saxon Binham th th (late C9 –late C11 ) Terrington St Hindringham Paston Clement Gaywood Peakirk Acle Wisbech St Ufford Mary Castor Thorney Carleton Rode

Ramsey Isleham Houghton Garboldisham Chediston Willingham Cottenham Hessett Walberswick Girton Swaffham Sharnbrook Gt Shelford Coddenham Potton Toft Bulbeck Long Stapleford Bramford West Melford Shillington Clare Meldreth Wickham Ashwell 0 Pirton Clavering Nayland 1-9% Manuden Thorrington Little Hallingbury 10-19% West Mersea Amwell 20-29% Writtle 30-39% Daws Heath N 40-49% 50-60% 0 miles 50 61%+ Wiveton High medieval Binham th th Hindringham Early C12 –mid C14 ) Terrington St Paston Clement Gaywood Peakirk Acle Wisbech St Ufford Mary Castor Thorney Carleton Rode

Ramsey Isleham Houghton Garboldisham Chediston Willingham Cottenham Hessett Walberswick Girton Swaffham Sharnbrook Gt Shelford Coddenham Potton Toft Bulbeck Long Stapleford Bramford West Melford Shillington Clare Meldreth Wickham Ashwell 0 Pirton Clavering Nayland 1-9% Manuden Thorrington Little Hallingbury 10-19% West Mersea Amwell 20-29% Writtle 30-39% Daws Heath N 40-49% 50-60% 0 miles 50 61%+ Wiveton Late medieval Binham th th (late C14 – mid C16 ) Terrington St Hindringham Paston Clement Gaywood Peakirk Acle Wisbech St Ufford Mary Castor Thorney Carleton Rode

Ramsey Isleham Houghton Garboldisham Chediston Willingham Cottenham Hessett Walberswick Girton Swaffham Sharnbrook Gt Shelford Coddenham Potton Toft Bulbeck Long Stapleford Bramford West Melford Shillington Clare Meldreth Wickham Ashwell 0 Pirton Clavering Nayland 1-9% Manuden Thorrington Little Hallingbury 10-19% West Mersea Amwell 20-29% Writtle 30-39% Daws Heath N 40-49% 50-60% 0 miles 50 61%+ Wiveton Post-medieval Binham th th (late C16 –late C18 ) Terrington St Hindringham Paston Clement Gaywood Peakirk Acle Wisbech St Ufford Mary Castor Thorney Carleton Rode

Ramsey Isleham Houghton Garboldisham Chediston Willingham Cottenham Hessett Walberswick Girton Swaffham Sharnbrook Gt Shelford Coddenham Potton Toft Bulbeck Long Stapleford Bramford West Melford Shillington Clare Meldreth Wickham Ashwell 0 Pirton Clavering Nayland 1-9% Manuden Thorrington Little Hallingbury 10-19% West Mersea Amwell 20-29% Writtle 30-39% Daws Heath N 40-49% 50-60% 0 miles 50 61%+ Eastern region (average) 70 60 50 40 30 Eastern region 20 10 0 100 90 80 70 60 50 Eastern regional 40 Kibworth 30 Castleton 20 10 0 Outcomes: many and various

Tangible Intangible

Archaeological sites Recordings Archaeological finds Apps Created artefacts Visits Maps and plans Performances, events and lectures Heritage boards and trails Disseminations (blogs, broadcasts etc) Exhibitions Skills Collections Networks Physical archives Attitudes Publications Well-being

ACA’s legacy for the future

• New knowledge and understanding of the past in the present • New heritage assets (tangible and intangible) for education, curation and research • Social and economic benefits to individuals - aspirations, skills, attitudes and reputations. • Communities strengthened by shared connections and experience • Publics more strongly engaged with heritage and the university • New collaborative networks • New ideas for future projects inspired by successful legacies, maintaining a virtuous circle.

University of Cambridge researchers working with communities With thanks to: Aimhigher, HEFCE,, the Heritage Lottery Fund, AHRC, The University of Cambridge, English Heritage, BBC, the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.

Catherine Ranson, Clemency Cooper, Paul Blinkhorn, Jessica Rippengal and

everyone who has taken part or helped in any way, at any time Acknowledgements: Aimhigher, HEFCE, The University of Cambridge, the Heritage Lottery Fund, AHRC, English Heritage, BBC, the McDonald Institute and all the staff and volunteers who have given so generously of their time, energy, property, tea and cakes… Thousands of volunteers