r CÀ9600782 Canada Bulletin of (he National Fusion Proyrnm Issuu 28, Juin; 1

¥M> h t h| i s Issue Canada-US Collaboration Review Fast electrons in : New data from TdeV CFFTP: New Manager and New Rôle y INIS-mf — 14893 CCFM: Program review Canada-Chile Fusion Work Velikhov to address Montréal fusion ISSN 0835-488X News Notes meeting

INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL Canada-US fusion meeting in Montréal: Fusion Breeder Work 'Joint CNS/FPA Fusion Symposium' in Chile

Montréal, Canada, September 6-8,1995 Canadian experts assist Chilean fusion breeder researchers Evgeny Velikhov (ITER) to give keynote address Chilean researchers have a long- N. Anne Davies (USDOE) to review US Fusion Program term goal of manufacturing lithium ceramic tritium breeder materials The program for the Joint • ITER (JCT and Home Teams for reactors. CNS/FPA Fusion Symposium in work). Researchers at Chile's La Reina Montréal, September 6-8, has nuclear research site near Santiago been finalized. The Canadian • Tritium work (Canada, US, have been developing their lithium Nuclear Society (CNS) and the TFTR). ceramics fusion breeder program USA's Fusion Power Associates for several years. A tritium mea- (FPA) are jointly presenting the • Spherical tokamaks and TPX. surement laboratory is being Symposium. established at La Reina for this Other presentation topics work. Dr. Evgeny Velikhov, Chair of the include: compact toroid fuelling, ITER Council, will deliver the inertia) confinement (NIF), educa- Canada-Chile cooperation in fusion keynote address. tional activities and -aided breeders began in 1993, and is manufacturing. centred on the eventual manufac- Dr. N. Anne Davies, USDOE ture of lithium breeder ceramic Associate Director for Fusion A discussion on Canada-US materials for fusion reactors. Energy, will discuss the US pro- cooperation and small business Breeder materials - to be contained gram. in fusion will cap the meeting. in the breeder blanket systems of fusion reactors - will produce the Senior European officials have For programs and registration, needed tritium component of been invited to review Europe's contact: fusion reactor fuel. fusion work. In Canada: Registration informa- The latest act in the continuing Dr. David Jackson, Director of tion from: Sylvie Caron, Canadi- Canada-Chile collaboration Canada's National Fusion Pro- an Nuclear Society. Phone: occurred in June this year, when gram will review Canada's fusion (416) 977-7620, Fax: (416) 979- Canada's senior expert in lithium work and will introduce Dr. 8356. Program information: Guy breeder ceramics irradiation, Dr. Richard Bolton and Robert LeClair, CCFM, (514) 652-8743, Richard Verrall, visited Chile's La Stasko to describe work at CCFM Fax (514) 652-8625. Reina site during June 19-30 to and CFFTP. help plan Chile's solid fusion In the USA, contact: Ruth breeder R&D program, which There will also be several presen- Watkins at Fusion Power Associ- includes in-reactor ceramic breeder tations on: ates. Phone: (301) 258-0545, irradiations. Dr. Verrall is Manager Fax: (310) 975-9869, e-mail: of AECL's Fusion Breeder Blanket • progress (TdeV, [email protected]. Program at Chalk River Laborato- ALCATOR C-Mod, Dlll-D). ries. Dr. Carl Johnson of Argonne

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•fe o D CFFTP - Canadian Fusion Fuels Mr. Stasko's appointment. Since CANADA-USA Technology Project May, CFFTP no longer act9 as a sales agent for fusion fuels tech- nologies and tritium technologies Canada-USA: New Manager for developed in Canada. The CFFTP Exchange of Views on CFFTP project will concentrate on initiat- ing and supporting R&D programs Fusion Collaboration in fusion- and tritium-related tech- New CFFTP structure: Senior officials of the Canadian R&D program focus only nology, and remote handling. Work relevant to the ITER reactor and US fusion programs met May will continue to be a central part of 10 in Washington D.C. to share Robert Stasko, of Ontario Hydro, information about their fusion pro- became the new Manager of the CFFTP R&D programs, and CFFTP remains committed to all aspects grams and Canada-US fusion col- Canadian Fusion Fuels Technology of the ITER program, including laboration. Project (CFFTP) on May 15 this international R&D collaboration. year, taking over from Don Representing the two fusion pro- Dautovich. grams on May 10 were: Sales of fusion- and tritium-related Don Dautovich was Manager of technologies developed in CFFTP USA CFFTP from 1986 until he handed programs are now performed by a (All participants from the Office of the position over to Mr. Stasko. commercial unit of OHT called Iso- Fusion Energy, US Department of Don has gone on to a position of tope Technologies. Energy) wider responsibility with Ontario N. Anne Davies - Associate Direc- CFFTP Key Staff Hydro Technologies (OHT), a busi- tor for Fusion Energy ness unit of Ontario Hydro respon- Two key technical staff members Ira Adler - Deputy Associate Direc- sible for developing and commer- now supervise CFFTP's fusion and tor for Fusion Energy cializing new energy technologies. tritium R&D programs: Mike Roberts - Director of Interna- OHT is responsible for managing tional Programs CFFTP on behalf of Canada's • Paul Gierszewski supervises Ronald McKnight- Acting Director, National Fusion Program. In his R&D programs in fusion fuel Advanced and Technology new position, Dr. Dautovich is systems and remote handling. Steve Eckstrand - Group Leader, managing several programs in Burning Plasma Physics emerging energy technologies. He • Ron Matsugu supervises R&D Gene Nardella - Manager, Fuel remains connected with CFFTP, programs in tritium systems Cycle and Safety Program however, because CFFTP is one of and tritium handling. Carol Sege - Manager, Internation- the programs under his overall al Operations supervision at OHT. We wish Don For more information on CFFTP Arthur Katz - Manager, Internation- Dautovich success in his new R&D programs contact: al Research position. Bob Stasko, Manager-CFFTP: (905) 855-4700, Fax (905) 823-8020. Canada Robert (Bob) Stasko returns to Paul Gierszewski: David Jackson - Director, National CFFTP as its Manager, after being (905)855-4717, Fax (905) 823-8020. Fusion Program away for a number of years. Dur- Ron Matsugu: Gil Phillips - Manager, International ing much of the interval he was (905) 855-4727, Fax (905) 823-9644. Program, National Fusion Program managing programs in the devel- Richard Bolton - Director General, opment and commercialization of Commercial activities • Fusion Centre canadien de fusion magné- modern energy efficiency tech- Technologies. tique (CCFM) nologies for Ontario Hydro, at In future, please contact Bob Don Dautovich, Manager, Canadi- increasing levels of responsibility. Stasko one of the following per- an Fusion Fuels Technology Pro- He also spent two years seconded sons for sales and commercial ject (CFFTP) to Ontario's Ministry of Energy as a information about CFFTP techno- Senior Policy Advisor. Before that, logies: Both sides agreed on the desirabili- Mr. Stasko was a CFFTP R&D pro- ty of continuing US-Canada fusion gram supervisor for seven years; Fusion and related technologies: collaboration, and agreed that there he was responsible for ITER-relat- Dr. Hank Brunnader, OHT: (905) had been an excellent working rela- ed fusion R&D for part of that time. 855-4720, Fax (905) 823-9644. tionship in the past with valuable benefits for both. The continuing At the same time that Mr. Stasko Marketing and Business Develop- productivity of many joint Canada- took over as Manager of CFFTP, ment: US activities in fusion theory, mod- there was a change in the focus of John Blevins, OHT: (905) 855-4721, elling and experimental work was CFFTP activities, initiated Before Fax (905) 823-8020. mutually agreed. Each side recog- INTERNATIONAL irradiation to carry away the leads the La Reina breeder pro- released tritium. On-line analysis gram. This visit marked the begin- of the purge gas can determine tri- ning of joint Canada-Chile breeder Fusion Breeder Work tium release rates as they vary materials work. In Chile continued with neutron flux, temperature and purge gas composition. The ratio In autumn 1994, AECL Chalk River National Laboratory (AND also vis- of oxide vs. elemental forms of shipped to La Reina a CREATE sys- ited La Reina during June 19-30 to released tritium can also be mea- tem for post-irradiation measure- collaborate with Dr. Verrall and La sured. In La Reina's open-capsule ments of tritium retained in lithium Reina staff in planning the breeder tests, different ceramics and sam- ceramics in closed capsule irradia- program. ple batches will be irradiated with tion tests. A tritium standard was various purge gas compositions sent also, to help calibrate the sys- AECL Chalk River last year sup- during an irradiation run. Mea- tem. The CREATE system technol- plied La Reina with a tritium assay surements of post-irradiation tri- ogy, employed in the CREATE sys- system for post-irradiation breeder tium inventory for the ceramic tem acquired by C.CH.E.N., was research, and has trained La Reina samples will also provide critical developed at AECL Chalk River. staff in tritium handling and mea- data for future solid breeder surement methods. design. Dr. Luis Pena, responsible for La Reina's CREATE system, visited Chile is the world's largest produc- During the June visit, Dr. Verrall the Tritium Group at Chalk River in er of lithium, the favoured fertile and Dr. Johnson helped to specify March this year for training in tri- element for breeding tritium fuel the design particulars and cost fac- tium safe handling and specific tri- for fusion power reactors. The tors of the of the La Reina CHOU- tium measurements including tri- COMISION CHILENA DE ENERGIA CA-like capsule, so that it can be tium assay. Dr. Juan Klein, NUCLEAR [C.CH.E.N., or Chile ordered and manufactured. Dr. responsible for La Reina's research Atomic Energy Commission]) has Johnson is Associate Director - reactor received training in CRE- a long-range goal of helping to Chemical Technology at ANL. ATE system operation in autumn exploit Chile's lithium assets by Together, Verrall and Johnson last year at Chalk River. establishing Chilean production of helped La Reina researchers with lithium breeder materials. Lithium their plans for Chile's breeder Canada's fusion workers look for- titanate (Li2Ti03) is the material cur- program. ward to continuing cooperation rently receiving most attention at with Chilean workers as the La La Reina, although other lithium Verrall and Johnson also dis- Reina program develops. ceramics including lithium zir- cussed choice of ceramics and conate are being explored. ceramic fabrication processes for Further information: future Chilean work. These work- The first in-reactor irradiations at ing visits to Chile - Dr. Verrall's sec- Chile: La Reina will start in Au3JSt 1995, ond visit, and Dr. Johnson's third, Dr. Eduardo Saravia, C.CH.E.N., and will be Lithium Titanate ceram- were funded by the International AMUNATEGUI 95, Casilla 188-D, ics in simple closed capsules. The Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Santiago, Chile. Telephone: (56)-2- main short-term goal is to make which is helping to fund the 699-0664, Fax: (56)-2-699-0735. lithium ceramic breeder samples at Chilean breeder work. e-mail: La Reina, and irradiate them in La [email protected] Reina's 5 MW research reactor. In- La Reina may also irradiate and reactor tests help to assess charac- test ceramic breeder samples from Canada - AECL Chalk River teristics of tritium release from the Argonne, because ANL itself has Ceramic Breeder Materials: ceramics, as well as testing their no suitable research reactor for Dr. Richard Verrall, Fusion Breeder chemical and therm-mechanical such irradiations. Blanket Program, AECL Chalk properties. River, (613) 584-3311, ext. 4202, Earlier Collaborations Fax (613) 584-3250, The closed capsule tests will be fol- e-mail: [email protected]. lowed, in 1996, by so-called 'open In May 1993, Dr. G. Piderit, Execu- capsule' ceramic irradiation tests. tive Director of C.CH.E.N. visited Tritium measurement and Safety These may use a version of the AECL Chalk River to explore Cana- (including post-irradiation tritium French CHOUCA in-reactor cap- da's breeder ceramics work and analysis): Joan Miller, Tritium sule. In 'open capsule' tests, a attend the CFFTP Tritium Safe Han- Group, (613) 584-3311 ext. 3277, purge gas (generally hydrogen dling Course provided by Chalk Fax (613) 584-4445. with some helium) is passed River. He was accompanied by Dr. e-mail: [email protected]. through the capsule during the Eduardo Saravia, who currently i CCFM - Centre canadien de fusion basic TdeV operating regime, plas- the plasma boundary/ the Commit- magnétique ma pulses of 5 seconds (or more) tee recommended emphasis on duration with an average density enhanced diagnostics and MHD of 5x10" m3, with non-inductive modelling to more precisely locate CCFM/TdeV - Review current drive and distributed heat the plasma separatrix. This would of Progress and Plans load on the divertor plates. In the be valuable, in view of the envis- past, longer pulses have been at aged flexible divertor operating 3 Advisory Committee endorses lower densities. The 5x10" rrr scenarios, where small changes in continuing emphasis on tlivertors density range was chosen because separatrix position will be impor- and plasma boundary physics in divertors work better at higher tant. The Committee noted that medium density plasmas plasma densities, and because this TdeV already has one of the most (5x101J m3), with lower hybrid RF is a reasonable plasma density complete sets of plasma edge and current drive and heating and range for next-step fusion divertor diagnostics. biasing. machines with a high fraction of plasma current driven by non- Compact Toroid Fuelling: Continu- In April, CCFM's Advisory Commit- inductive means. ation of the Compact Toroid (CT) tee of fusion experts reviewed the fueller program was recommend- project's progress and plans at the The new regime will most likely be ed. Although recognized as a CCFM site in Varennes, Québec, attained after TdeV has been "..long shot..", the Committee said where the TdeV tokamak is upgraded during the 10 month that CT fuelling has, "..potential for located. refitting program now scheduled significantly affecting future fusion to begin this coming autumn. research programs ". CCFM and This article presents notes on the CFFTP are building an upgraded research goals and directions of ECRH: The new density range will CT fueller which will match with CCFM with the TdeV tokamak, and required non-inductive current and penetrate the higher TdeV some of the recommendations drive and heating that couples effi- toroidal field (currently 2 tesla). made by the Advisory Committee. ciently into the plasma at 5x10" or greater. The Committee therefore More information from Real CCFM Area of Expertise: "The recommended that CCFM continue Décoste or Brian Gregory at CCFM understanding of boundary plas- with its plans to install 1 MW of (See Contact Data). ma conditions in a tokamak with a electron cyclotron radiofrequency divertor geometry." This, being heating (ECRH) operating at about CCFM's choice of research area, 110 GHz. The Committee recom- CCFM Advisory Committee was endorsed wholeheartedly by mended retaining the TdeV lower Members Present, April 5-7,1995: the Advisory Committee, especial- hybrid current drive and heating ly since this field of research has system, which should still provide Dr. Larkin Kerwin, (Chair), Consul- become one of the critical areas for useful heating and plasma current tant. magnetic fusion in general. drive at the increased density. Dr. Charles Daughney (Secretary), National Fusion Program. The Committee noted that CCFM Lower Hybrid Current Drive. The Dr. Paul Gierszewski, CFFTP. has come to be regarded as an Committee recommends continu- Dr. Ian Hutchinson, Plasma Fusion expert centre in plasma biasing via ing research into current drive with Centre, MIT, USA. divertor plates, as for example indi- the LH system, since there is much Dr. Jan Hugill, AEA Culham Labo- ratory, UK. cated by the fact that CCFM's plas- still to be learned in that field, and ma biasing results have influenced TdeV has excellent diagnostics for Dr. Didier Moreau, CEN de work at the USA's Dlll-D tokamak. the fast current-carrying electrons Cadarache, France. Also noted by the Committee was generated by LH injection. Dr. Franz Sôldner, JET Joint the interest shown from several Undertaking, EC. directions - including CËN de Divertor Design: The upgraded Dr. Ronald Stambaugh, General Cadarache in France - in the Lower divertors planned for TdeV should Atomics, USA. Hybrid current drive and plasma include, as planned by CCFM, Dr. Jôrg Winter, Forschungszen- heating research at CCFM. high-Z divertor plates. The ongo- trumJulich, Germany. ing program of exploring plasma Recommendations on Planning detachment in divertors should be forCCFMandTdeV an influence on divertor design.

Plasma parameters: Basic operat- Science Program: Divertor and ing regime. CCFM should push Scrape-Off Layer: Recognizing the forward, the Committee agreed, admirable progress made at CCFM with its plans to establish, as the in understanding and modelling nized the value of the working rela- deuterium tritium fuelling • A Canadian alpha particle tionships between laboratories and experiments. probe used on TFTR. universities of both countries, and The compact toroid tokamak • A thallium neutral beam plas- between individual scientists. fuelling work at CCFM, made ma edge probe from Inter- possible by collaboration Science, NY, now mounted on Current and past US-Canada between UC Davis and LLNL, the TdeV tokamak. collaborations were reviewed. Par- CFFTP and CCFM. • The electron cyclotron trans- ticular note was made of a number Collaboration in breeder mate- mission diagnostic from Uni- of them, including the following: rials work, especially the BEAT- versity of Maryland, now RIX program. mounted on the TdeV. • The success of the TFTR toka- The US noted the value of the mak, and CFFTP's role in sup- Canadian Tritium Release Another US-Canada fusion review plying a tritium purification experiment. meeting is expected in Montréal in plant for TFTR for on-site pro- Testing of Canadian aluminum 1996, during the IAEA fusion and cessing of TFTR exhaust during nitride coatings at ANL plasma physics meeting.

CANADA-USA Collaboration months in the fast electron energy direction so that the final reso- spectra on TdeV, when the lower nance absorption signal from the hybrid RF system was operating. fast electrons depends on a Measurement of Fast doppler shift. The beam propagat- RF-driven Electron Rapid fluctuations in fast electron ing in one direction in a chord suf- energy distribution have been seen fers this absorption, while the Spectra in Tokamaks (see graph). This was a surprise. counter-propagating beam on the Also, electron energies up to 200 same chord provides a reference Rapid Energy Spectrum Fluctua- keV have been measured - about signal. The two pairs of beams tions Found: double the maximum electron permit simultaneous observations energy expected from RF current at two radial locations. New Electron Cyclotron Trans- drive. The reasons are not yet mission (ECT) measurement known. Further information from Derek diagnostic opens questions in Boyd (514) 652-8817, Fax (514) tokamak fast electron spectra Fast electron energy spectra are 652-8625, e-mail: seen to fluctuate rapidly, over peri- [email protected], A Canada-USA collaboration has ods of a few milliseconds. The or from Fred Skiff, University of provided a new instrument for graph shows two spectra, taken 7 Maryland, (301) 405-4977, measuring the energy distribution milliseconds apart during one Fax (301) 314-9437, of the fast electrons generated by TdeV plasma pulse. This illustrates e-mail: [email protected]. radiofrequency (RF) plasma cur- the rapid variability observed in the rent drive, on the TdeV tokamak. fast electron spectra, which seems The measurement method could to continue throughout the dura- be applied to other tokamaks. tion of a plasma pulse with LH RF t=619ms injection. 0.8- 1 t=626 ms Dr. Derek Boyd and Dr. Fred Skiff, from the University of Maryland, The high energy electrons up to mounted their Electron Cyclotron 200 keV seen in other data (not in 0.6- Transmission (ECT) diagnostic this graph) were unexpected, gear on TdeV last year, to measure though some sophisticated com- energy spectra of fast electrons puter codes have predicted them. 0.4- driven by TdeV's radiofrequency lower hybrid current drive and The technique of radiofrequency 0.2- heating system. CCFM and Mary- power injection to drive plasma land have been collaborating for current still requires exploration, three years on this installation. and the ECT work is providing Prof. Boyd is now at CCFM for a fresh data. The ECT diagnostic 100 120 year, working on TdeV with the transmits counter-propagating Electron Energy (keV) ECT diagnostic, with CCFM collab- microwave beams through each of oration. two chords of the plasma. For Two fast electron spectra, taken 7 ms apart during the each chord, the two counter-propa- same pulse on TdeV with the LH RF injection (3.7 GHz) in Using the ECT gear, unexpected gating microwave beams are tilted use. This type of energy spectrum fluctuation continues results have been seen in recent about 10 degrees in the toroidal throughout each LH-augmented pulse. National Fusion Program Director, Dr. David P. Jackson David Anderson of Canatom Inc., NEWS NOTES an engineering company, has The National Fusion Program (NFP) joined the Steering Committee of co-ordinates and supports fusion Dr. Sung Kyu Kim, Manager of the development in Canada. NFP was CFFTP. Canatom was heavily Nuclear Fusion Laboratory at the established to develop Canadian involved in design and construc- Korean Atomic Energy Research fusion capability, in industry and in tion of the TdeV tokamak, and con- research and development centres. Institute, visited CCFM in June to tinues to be involved in TdeV NFP develops international collabo- present a review of Korean fusion upgrade work. ration agreements, and assists Can- work, and to explore the potential adian fusion centres to participate in for collaboration between his labo- foreign and international projects. ratory and CCFM. Work on the NFP is managed for Canada by TdeV tokamak and CCFM's theo- Atomic Energy of Canada Limited. retical work are of interest to Dr. A special course in safe handling of tritium was given in June at the Federal funding is provided by Kim's laboratory. An article outlin- Natural Resources Canada through ing the scope of Korea's fusion Joint European Torus (JET) in Eng- the Panel on Energy Research and programs, and participating sites, land, by two visiting Canadian tri- Development. appeared in FusionCanada No. 23, tium specialists. Joan Miller of January 1994. AECL Chalk River and Walter 'FusionCanada' Bulletin Shmayda of Ontario Hydro Tech- 'FusionCanada' is available free to nologies (OHT) gave the course interested persons. It is published June 26-27 to a group of JET staff, four times each year, in French and at the invitation of JET manage- English editions. Write to NFP Office, Dr. Colin Allan of AECL has joined ment. Joan Miller and Walter 'Bulletin Subscriptions' (see Contact the Conseil d'administration of Shmayda are tritium specialists Data). Please specify French or CCFM and the Steering Committee who have been providing CFFTP's English edition, (or both if desired), of CFFTP. He represents the man- and number of copies if several are tritium safe handling courses in required. agement of AECL in these two Canada for a number of years. In bodies, replacing Dr. Gerald the past, they have also provided a Editors are invited to freely use or Dolling of AECL. Dr. Allan is special tritium safety training reprint items from 'FusionCanada'. Please credit 'FusionCanada' and AECL's General Manager - Physical course to staff at the TFTR tokamak and Environmental Sciences. National Fusion Program of Canada. at Princeton. Please also send to the NFP office a copy of the publication, or a proof or copy of the printed piece.

CCFM FusionCanada Office Contact Data Centre canadien de fusion magnétique Macphee Technical Corp. CCFM 80 Richmond Street West National Fusion Program 1804, montée Ste-Julie Suite 1901 Varennes, Québec Toronto, Ontario National Fusion Program Canada J3X1S1 Canada M5H 2A4 AECL Chalk River Laboratories Dr. Richard Bolton Telephone: (416) 777-1869 Fax:(416)777-9804 Station E4A CCFM Director-General Chalk River, Ontario (514)652-8701 Canada KOJ 1J0 Dr. Real Décoste Program Office: (613) 584-8036 CCFM Director-Operations Fax: (613) 584-4243 (514)652-8715 Dr. David Jackson Dr. Brian Gregory Director- National Fusion Program CCFM Director-Research (613) 584-8035 (514)652-8729 Dr. Charles Daughney Manager - Magnetic Confinement Secretariat: (514) 652-8702 (613) 584-8037 Fax: (514) 652-8625 PERD Dr. Gilbert Phillips Manager - International Program CFFTP (613) 584-8038 Canadian Fusion Fuels Technology Project ID" Dr. William Holtslander CFFTP Manager - Fusion Fuels 2700 Lakeshore Road West (6131 584-8039 Mississauga, Ontario Canada L5J1K3

CFFTP Program Manager Dr. Donald Dautovich (905) 855-4700

Ce Bulletin est aussi Enquiries: (905) 855-4701 Printed in Canada disponible en français Fax: (905) 823-8020 on recycled paper