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MONITORING TRAIL USE: Case Study Applications at San Antonio Missions National Historical Park and Guadalupe Mountains National Park

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MONITORING TRAIL USE: Case Study Applications at San Antonio Missions National Historical Park and Guadalupe Mountains National Park MONITORING TRAIL USE: Case Study Applications at San Antonio Missions National Historical Park and Guadalupe Mountains National Park Sponsored By National Park Service Social Science Branch Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado Prepared By Texas A&M Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System College Station, Texas 77843‐3135 http://tti.tamu.edu FINAL REPORT April 2013 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. TTI 401090‐1 4. Title And Subtitle 5. Report Date MONITORING TRAIL USE: April 2013 Case Study Applications at San Antonio Missions National Historical Park and 6. Performing Organization Code Guadalupe Mountains National Park 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Shawn Turner, Philip Lasley, and Chris Pourteau Report 401090‐1 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Texas A&M Transportation Institute College Station, Texas 77843‐3135 11. Contract or Grant No. Project 12‐401090 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered National Park Service Social Science Branch Final Technical Report: Fort Collins, Colorado July 2011–March 2013 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Study performed in cooperation with Dr. James H. Gramann and Ms. Diane Breeding of the Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University with the assistance of Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Gulf Coast Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, Texas A&M University. Study Title: Monitoring Trail Usage in National Parks 16. Abstract This study evaluated commercially‐available trail counters, developed a step‐by‐step framework for monitoring trails and other non‐motorized facilities, and applied the monitoring framework in two unique park settings. The Mission Reach Trail in the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park served as an example of a typical linear urban park. The Guadalupe Mountains National Park served as an example of a rural park with a trail network and a limited number of discrete access points. Trail use was sampled at several locations within these two parks, and overall estimates of trail use were developed from this data collection. The resulting trail use data quantifies how many people use the trails at different times during the day, different days of the week, and months of the year. This trail use data can be used for several purposes, such as managing natural resources, planning or developing new programs and facilities, and quantifying the public health and physical activity benefits to park visitors. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Trail monitoring, trail counting, trail use, park visitation, No restrictions. This document is available to the public visitation monitoring, non‐motorized traffic through NTIS: National Technical Information Service Alexandria, Virginia http://www.ntis.gov 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 104 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8‐72) Reproduction of completed page authorized DISCLAIMER This research was performed in cooperation with the Gulf Coast Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit at Texas A&M University and the National Park Service Social Science Branch. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official view or policies of the National Park Service. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research study was sponsored through and in cooperation with the Gulf Coast Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit at Texas A&M University and the National Park Service Social Science Branch. Dr. James Gramann and Ms. Diane Breeding served as project managers and liaisons from Texas A&M’s Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences. Without their support and cooperation, this project would not have been possible. The authors would also like to acknowledge the cooperation and assistance of the following agencies and persons: San Antonio National Historical Park (NPS) – Al Remley San Antonio River Authority – Steven Schauer and Tommy Mitchell Guadalupe Mountains National Park (NPS) – LeAnne Starbuck At Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), David Salgado in the El Paso office and Gary Barricklow in the San Antonio office provided invaluable assistance with data collection. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DISCLAIMER ........................................................................................................................................ iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................ v List of Figures ..................................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................... viii Chapter 1—Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Problem statement ................................................................................................................................... 1 study objectives ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Use of case study parks ............................................................................................................................ 2 What Is “Non‐Motorized Traffic”?............................................................................................................ 2 Overview of report ................................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2—METHODS: developing a monitoring framework ................................................................ 5 Process Management Fundamentals Applied To Non‐Motorized Traffic Monitoring ............................. 5 Step 1. Identify Uses and Users ................................................................................................................ 7 Step 2. Define Required Data ................................................................................................................... 7 Step 3. Identify Data Collection Tools ...................................................................................................... 8 Selecting Automatic Counter Equipment ............................................................................................. 9 Counter Accuracy and Count Validation ............................................................................................ 12 Technology: Inductance Loop Detectors ............................................................................................ 13 Technology: Infrared Sensors ............................................................................................................. 17 Technology: Magnetometers ............................................................................................................. 20 Technology: Pneumatic Tubes ........................................................................................................... 21 Technology: Pressure and Seismic Sensors ........................................................................................ 22 Technology: Video Image Processing ................................................................................................. 23 Emerging Technologies ...................................................................................................................... 25 Step 4. Develop Data Collection Plan ..................................................................................................... 25 Defining Goals and Scope of Monitoring ........................................................................................... 26 Choosing Collection Locations and Time Frames ............................................................................... 26 Step 5. Execute Data Collection Plan ...................................................................................................... 35 Step 6. Analyze, Adjust, and Summarize Data ........................................................................................ 35 Quality Assurance of Non‐Motorized Traffic Count Data .................................................................. 36 Estimate Missing Count Data ............................................................................................................. 39 Adjusting Raw Count Data .................................................................................................................. 39 Base Time Intervals for Data Collection and Storage ......................................................................... 42 Step 6 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 42 Step 7. Report and Communicate Results .............................................................................................
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