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Country Advice Tanzania Tanzania – TZA37344 – Mara Region –

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Country Advice Tanzania Tanzania – TZA37344 – Mara Region – Country Advice Tanzania Tanzania – TZA37344 – Mara Region – Musoma – Tarime – inter-clan violence - relocation 20 September 2010 1. Please provide details of the security situation in Musoma/Mara, and in particular whether the region is experiencing tribal violence. Reports in regional media sources indicate that the Mara region of Tanzania is prone to outbreaks of clan and inter-clan violence, with the district of Tarime particularly volatile. Two reports were also located of violent incidents in Musoma district. The clashes described resulted in deaths and homes and land are often burned. The violence occurs between or within different clans and tribes and is often reported to be the result of disputes over land and cattle, though often the specific causes of clashes are not stated or are unclear. Location – Musoma, Mara Region Mara region is located in the north of Tanzania. It is bordered to the west by Lake Victoria and to the north-east by Kenya. A section of a United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reference map is below, with Mara region circled.1 1 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 2007, Reference Map of the Great Lakes, ReliefWeb website, 7 May http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullmaps_af.nsf/luFullMap/F2FDC0C395D8DCB2852572D4005C139F/$File/ocha _REF_afr070507-b.pdf?OpenElement - Attachment 8 Page 1 of 10 The Wikipedia entry for the Mara region states that it comprises five districts: Tarime; Musoma Urban; Musoma Rural; Bunda; and Serengeti.2 It appears, however, that recently the western section of Tarime was sectioned off into a sixth district, named Rorya.3 Information on the security situation in Tarime and Musoma districts has been included below. The Mara region is inhabited by a number of different tribal groups; the Luo, Jita, Ruri, Zanaki, Kuria, Kabwa, Kiroba, Simbiti, Ngoreme, Kwaya, Ikoma, Nata, Isenye, Ikizu, Sizaki, Sukuma and Taturu (Datooga).4 There are different clans within tribes. While no map was located that shows the five district divisions of Mara, the screenshot of the OHCA map below show the location of Tarime (the town) in the far north of the region and Musoma to the far west bordering Lake Victoria:5 2 „Musoma Rural‟ 2009, Wikipedia, 30 December http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musoma_Rural - Accessed 8 September 2010 – Attachment 9. Wikipedia is a Web-based free-content encyclopaedia which is written collaboratively by volunteers via a wiki application which allows for the creation of Wikipedia articles, and for the editing of the majority of Wikipedia‟s existing articles, by anyone with access to a web browser. The collaboratively written products which the wiki system engenders can often provide the Wikipedia user with a source of accurate and timely information. Nonetheless, Wikipedia‟s open nature has seen instances of abuse, error and vandalism, which have led to the publication of misinformation. For this reason, care should be exercised when deciding what reliance to place on the content of this publication in connection with review decision making. Research Services recommends that users of Wikipedia familiarise themselves with the regulatory practices which Wikipedia employs as a preventative measure against vandalism, bias and inaccuracy (for more information, see the recommended background reading available in the „Wikipedia Topical Information Package‟). 3 „Rorya‟ 2010, Wikipedia, 20 July http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rorya - Accessed 15 September – Attachment 18 4 „Mara Region‟, 2010, Wikipedia, 25 August http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mara_Region - Accessed 8 September 2010 – Attachment 13. See „Wikipedia Topical Information Package‟. 5 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 2007, Reference Map of the Great Lakes, ReliefWeb website, 7 May http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullmaps_af.nsf/luFullMap/F2FDC0C395D8DCB2852572D4005C139F/$File/ocha _REF_afr070507-b.pdf?OpenElement - Attachment 8 Page 2 of 10 Musoma City is the capital of the Mara region. Musoma Urban is divided administratively into 13 wards6 and Musoma rural into 277. A number of media reports were located that describe violent clashes in the Mara region generally, as well as specifically in the districts of Musoma and Tarime. Security situation - Mara region generally and Musoma An article published in The Church of New England Newspaper in April 2010 refers to ethnic violence in the Mara region in February that year which “culminated with the murder of 17 people”.8 It reports that a gang had invaded three homes in a village outside Musoma town and killed 17 members of an extended family with machetes, most of whom were women and children. The article attributes the murders to competition over scarce resources and a “vendetta” culture, and notes that perpetrators of the violence do not belong to any one ethnic or religious group.9 The report notes that the Mara region is home to 12 different tribes, but also to the Serengeti National Park. Setting aside land for protected wildlife areas has placed pressure on rival groups of pastoralists and settled farming communities, resulting in conflicts over land and cattle-rustling.10 An op-ed piece published in Tanzanian publication the Daily News in early March 2010 commented on a “ceaseless orgy of senseless killings that has targeted largely defenceless and innocent people in Mara region in recent months” and refers to an event in February in which a group of men invaded houses in a suburb of Musoma municipality in the 6 „Musoma Urban‟ 2010, Wikipedia, 25 August http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musoma_Urban - Accessed 8 September 2010 – Attachment 10. See „Wikipedia Topical Information Package‟. 7 Musoma Rural‟ 2009, Wikipedia, 30 December http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musoma_Rural - Accessed 8 September 2010 – Attachment 9. See „Wikipedia Topical Information Package‟. 8 „Mara murders not motivated by religion, bishop says‟ 2010, The Church of New England Newspaper, Conger website, 1 April http://geoconger.wordpress.com/2010/04/01/mara-murders-not-motivated-by-religion-bishop- says-the-church-of-england-newspaper-march-19-2010-p-7/ - Accessed 8 September 2010 – Attachment 15 9 Mara murders not motivated by religion, bishop says‟ 2010, The Church of New England Newspaper, Conger website, 1 April http://geoconger.wordpress.com/2010/04/01/mara-murders-not-motivated-by-religion-bishop- says-the-church-of-england-newspaper-march-19-2010-p-7/ - Accessed 8 September 2010 – Attachment 15 10 Mara murders not motivated by religion, bishop says‟ 2010, The Church of New England Newspaper, Conger website, 1 April http://geoconger.wordpress.com/2010/04/01/mara-murders-not-motivated-by-religion-bishop- says-the-church-of-england-newspaper-march-19-2010-p-7/ - Accessed 8 September 2010 – Attachment 15 Page 3 of 10 middle of the night and killed 17 people, including children.11 The article also refers to the shooting of two men by cattle rustlers in Ganyange village, Tarime District the previous week and a violent attack on a wedding. It does not, however, indicate what reasons are behind the violence, only noting that a “number of theories have been floated to explain the terrible happenings in the region”.12 One report was located indicating that foreign Africans are also the target of communal violence in Musoma district. Zimbabwean newspaper The Standard reported in July 2008 that over 100 Kenyan families who had settled in Musoma had been left homeless after their homes were burned. Accusations of cattle rustling were the cause of the incident.13 Security Situation – Tarime District One article published in April 2010 in the Tanzania Daily News reports on the prevalence of illegal bhang (cannabis) growing in Tarime district.14 It notes that bhang farms exist in almost every area of Tarime, and that locals have begun growing it in the absence of another viable cash crop in the area. The report states there have been “unconfirmed reports that bhang has been one of the sources of recurrent clan clashes that [have] claimed dozens of lives in Tarime in recent years”; others, however, put the violence down to cattle rustling and conflicts over land.15 A Reuters article from March 2010 that reports a violent incident in Tarime district notes that Mara region is “prone to clan fighting and other forms of violence, sparked by disputes over land and livestock ownership”.16 Likewise, an article published in Tanzanian newspaper The Citizen in February 2010 refers to the “perennial insecurity in the Mara Region”.17 An article published in The Citizen in July 2009 reports that the Tanzanian Government approved measures to establish a special police zone for the Mara region in response to the high crime rate and frequent inter-clan clashes, especially in Tarime district.18 Particular villages of Tarime are reported to be “notorious for bloody clashes that have claimed several lives and [lost] property worth millions”.19 During the 2008 parliamentary elections, for example, hundreds of anti-riot police were sent to the district to maintain 11 „What‟s wrong in Mara Region?‟ 2010, Daily News, Daily News Online Edition, 6 March http://www.dailynews.co.tz/editorial/?n=7982 – Accessed 8 September 2010 – Attachment 7 12 „What‟s wrong in Mara Region?‟ 2010, Daily News, Daily News Online Edition, 6 March http://www.dailynews.co.tz/editorial/?n=7982 – Accessed 8 September 2010 – Attachment 7 13 „Homes for 100 Kenyan families torched in Tanzania‟ 2008, The Standard, 29 July – Attachment 14 14 Jacob, M. 2010, „Tanzania: Have Authorities Failed to Stop Bhang Business in Tarime?‟, Tanzania Daily News, All Africa website, 13 April http://allafrica.com/stories/201004140219.html - Accessed 8 September 2010 – Attachment 6 15 Jacob, M. 2010, „Tanzania: Have Authorities Failed to Stop Bhang Business in Tarime?‟, Tanzania Daily News, All Africa website, 13 April http://allafrica.com/stories/201004140219.html - Accessed 8 September 2010 – Attachment 6 16 „Five killed in attack on Tanzanian wedding‟ 2010, Reuters, AlertNet website, 6 March http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LDE62501V.htm - Accessed 7 September 2010 – Attachment 1 17 Mayunga, A.
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