A Survey of ICT Capacity in Ghana's Public Colleges of Education
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A Survey of ICT Capacity in Ghana's Public Colleges of Education 23 October 2017 Cambridge Education 22 Station Road Cambridge CB1 2JD United Kingdom T +44 (0)1223 463500 F +44 (0)1223 461007 camb-ed.com A Survey of ICT Capacity in 327209 1 1 Ghana's C:\Users \BRI84122Public\AppData\Local \MicrosoftColleges\Windows\Temporary Internet of Files\Content.Outlook\QOSRZMFN\T-TEL ICT Survey Report_.docx Education Cambridge Education 23 October 2017 Mott MacDonald Limited trading as Cambridge Education. Registered in England and Wales no. 1243967. Registered office: Mott MacDonald House, 8-10 Sydenham Road, Croydon CR0 2EE, United Kingdom Cambridge Education | A Survey of ICT Capacity in Ghana's Public Colleges of Education Issue and Revision Record Revision Date Originator Checker Approver Description Document reference: 327209 | 1 | 1 Information class: Standard This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for specific purposes connected with the above- captioned project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose. We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this document being relied upon by any other party, or being used for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties. This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from us and from the party which commissioned it. This report has been pr epared sol el y for use by the party which commissi oned it (the ‘Client’) i n connecti on with the capti oned proj ect. It should not be used for any other purpose. N o person other than the Client or any party who has expressl y agreed ter ms of r eliance with us (the ‘Reci pient(s)’) may rel y on the content, i nformati on or any views expressed i n the repor t. We accept no duty of care, responsi bility or liability to any other r eci pient of thi s document. T his r eport is confi denti al and contains pr opri etar y intell ectual property. No representati on, warranty or under taking, expr ess or i mplied, is made and no responsi bility or liability is accepted by us to any party other than the Cli ent or any Reci pient(s), as to the accuracy or completeness of the i nformati on contai ned i n this r eport. For the avoidance of doubt this r eport does not in any way purport to i nclude any legal , insur ance or fi nanci al advice or opi nion. 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Under no circumstances may this report or any extr act or summar y ther eof be used in connection with any public or pri vate sec urities offering i ncluding any rel ated memorandum or prospectus for any securities offering or stock exchange listing or announcement. 327209 | 1 | 1 | 23 October 2017 C:\Users\BRI84122\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.Outlook\QOSRZMFN\T-TEL ICT Survey Report_.docx Cambridge Education | A Survey of ICT Capacity in Ghana's Public Colleges of Education Contents Acknowledgements 1 Acronyms and Abbreviations 3 Executive summary 4 1) CoEs would benefit from guidance on how to improve their ICT capacity 5 2) A CoE sector strategy for integrating ICT in education could provide efficiencies for all CoE 5 3) The proposed CEMIS system must respond to the actual ICT capacity of most CoEs 5 1 Introduction 8 1.1 Need for a survey of ICT capacity in Colleges 8 1.2 Purpose of the survey of ICT capacity in CoEs 8 1.3 The uses of ICT capacity by Colleges 9 1.4 Training student teachers to use ICT in education 9 1.5 Recent ICT initiatives with CoE 10 2 Methodology 12 2.1 Developing the survey tool: Capacity domains 12 2.1.1 Infrastructure Capacity 12 2.1.2 ICT policy 12 2.1.3 Human Resource Capacity 13 2.1.4 Access to ICT devices 13 2.2 Developing the survey tool: Survey questions 13 2.3 Testing the survey tool 14 2.4 Enumerator training 14 2.5 Data collection 14 2.6 Ensuring data quality 15 2.7 Data entry 15 2.8 Data Analysis 15 2.8.1 College of Education ICT Capacity Index 19 3 Findings on ICT Capacity: ICT Infrastructure 21 3.1 Power 21 3.1.1 Reliability of electrical power supply 21 3.1.2 Areas served by power 22 3.2 Networking 23 3.2.1 Wired local area network (LAN) 23 3.2.2 Wireless LAN 24 3.2.3 Combining LAN and WLAN to increase access 26 327209 | 1 | 1 | 23 October 2017 C:\Users\BRI84122\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.Outlook\QOSRZMFN\T-TEL ICT Survey Report_.docx Cambridge Education | A Survey of ICT Capacity in Ghana's Public Colleges of Education 3.2.4 Functional assessment of LAN/WLAN infrastructure 26 3.2.5 Number of CoE with Servers 27 3.2.6 How servers are used by CoE 27 3.2.7 Server maintenance 27 3.3 Internet 28 3.3.1 Availability of internet at CoEs 28 3.3.2 Internet connection types used by CoEs 28 3.3.3 Internet Service Provider (ISP) 29 3.3.4 Cost of internet 30 3.3.5 Quality of internet connectivity 30 3.3.6 Measured Internet bandwidth 30 3.4 ICT labs 32 3.4.1 Number of ICT labs 32 3.4.2 Condition of the ICT labs 32 3.4.3 ICT equipment in the ICT labs 33 3.4.4 Capacity of ICT labs for lessons - functioning computers and seating 34 3.4.5 Facilities in the ICT labs 35 3.4.6 ICT Labs open for lessons 35 3.4.7 Capacity and access to ICT labs outside of lesson hours 35 3.4.8 Gender differences in ICT lab usage 37 3.5 ICT devices in CoE classrooms 37 3.6 ICT devices in CoE administration offices 38 4 Findings on ICT Capacity: ICT Policy 39 4.1 Policies available for regulating and controlling aspects of ICT systems 39 4.2 College communication through a website and social media 41 5 Findings on ICT Capacity: Human Resources Capacity 42 5.1 ICT Technicians 42 5.1.1 Number of ICT technicians in the CoE sector 42 5.1.2 Required Competencies for ICT Technicians 42 5.2 ICT Tutors 43 5.2.1 Number of ICT tutors 43 5.2.2 Qualifications and skills of ICT tutors 43 5.3 CoE Staff Professional Development needs in ICT 45 5.3.1 Professional Development needs in ICT - College Leaders 45 5.3.2 Professional Development needs in ICT – ICT Tutors 47 5.3.3 Professional Development needs in ICT – Tutors 47 5.3.4 Professional development needs in ICT - student teachers 48 6 Findings ICT Capacity: Access to ICT devices (Tutors and Students) 49 6.1 Tutors’ access to ICT devices 49 6.2 Tutors access to ICT facilities outside the college 49 6.3 Student teachers’ access through their own ICT devices 49 327209 | 1 | 1 | 23 October 2017 C:\Users\BRI84122\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.Outlook\QOSRZMFN\T-TEL ICT Survey Report_.docx Cambridge Education | A Survey of ICT Capacity in Ghana's Public Colleges of Education 6.3.1 Smartphone ownership by students 50 6.3.2 Tablet ownership by student teachers 52 6.3.3 Laptop ownership by student teachers 53 7 Findings on ICT Capacity: College Leaders’ Priorities 55 8 Findings: CoE ICT Capacity Scorecards and ICT Capacity Index 57 8.1 CoE ICT Capacity Scorecard Results 57 8.2 ICT Capacity Index Results 57 9 Discussion of findings 60 9.1 Low ICT Capacity in CoE across a range of capacity domains 60 9.2 Weak ICT policy capacity in CoEs 60 9.3 Inadequate technical support to manage ICT systems in CoEs 60 9.4 Irregular power supply 61 9.5 Poor internet connectivity 61 9.6 Inadequate management of internet provision 61 9.7 Limited access to larger screen ICT devices for student teachers outside of ICT lessons 62 9.8 Limited range of ICT infrastructure used in teaching and learning 62 9.9 Student teachers’ mobile devices – an untapped resource? 63 9.10 Professional development in ICT is required for college leaders and tutors 63 9.11 CoE sector has limited expertise in ‘how to use ICT in teaching and learning’ 63 9.12 CoEs are at different points on a development pathway to ICT integration 64 10 Conclusions and Recommendations 66 Annex 1: Colleges of Education ICT Capacity Index 68 Annex 2: CoE ICT Capacity Scorecards for Every College 73 327209 | 1 | 1 | 23 October 2017 C:\Users\BRI84122\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.Outlook\QOSRZMFN\T-TEL ICT Survey Report_.docx Cambridge Education | A Survey of ICT Capacity in Ghana's Public Colleges of Education 1 Acknowledgements The survey of ICT capacity at 40 colleges of education (CoEs) reflects a considerable amount of work, by many people.