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www.vds-astro.de ISSN 1615-0880 II/2018 Nr. 65 Zeitschrift der Vereinigung der Sternfreunde e.V. Schwerpunktthema: Totale Sonnen- Deutscher Preis für Astronomie Astronomisches Sommerlager Marsopposition 2018 Seite 6 Seite 75 Seite 98 finsternis 2017 Editorial 1 Liebe Mitglieder, liebe Sternfreunde, aus aktuellem Anlass haben wir das zur Marsopposition geplante Schwer­ punktthema der totalen Sonnenfinsternis vom 21. August in den USA umgewidmet. Es erwarten Sie spannende Reiseerlebnisse, wunderschöne Aufnahmen und fachkundige Auswertungen! Damit ist die Marsopposition aber nicht vergessen, denn Mars wird in diesem Unser Titelbild zeigt als Kompositbild Jahr erstmals seit 2003 der Erde wieder besonders nahe kommen, eine sogenannte die Phasen der Sonnenfinsternis am 21. Perihel­Opposition tritt ein. Leider steht Mars von Mitteleuropa aus gesehen dann recht niedrig am Himmel. Das ist für Teleskopbeobachtungen eher ungünstig, August 2017 über der Landschaft nahe bietet aber Gelegenheiten für schöne Stimmungsbilder. Ganz besonders am Madras, Oregon/USA. Während die Land- 27. Juli, wenn pünktlich zur Opposition sogar eine totale Mondfinsternis schaft mit einem Superweitwinkelobjektiv stattfindet, bei der sich der verfinsterte Mond nur wenige Grad von Mars entfernt mit 155° Blickwinkel abgelichtet wurde, befinden wird. Ernsthafte Beobachtungen und Aufnahmen sollen trotzdem nicht diente zur Aufnahme der Sonne ein zu kurz kommen, dazu lesen Sie in diesem Heft ab Seite 95. Teleobjektiv mit 500 mm Brennweite. Die Sonnenscheibe ist in Relation zum Nach der kalten Jahreszeit beginnen wieder die Tagungen, Messen und Hintergrundbild demnach um den Faktor Teleskoptreffen. Am 28. April laden die VdS und das Friedrich­Koenig­ 4,6 zu groß wiedergegeben. Gut wieder- Gymnasium zur Würzburger Frühjahrstagung ein. Das sehr interessante Vortragsprogramm finden Sie auf Seite 5. gegeben ist das fahle Licht während der totalen Bedeckungsphase der Finsternis. Und auch sonst sind viele Veranstaltungen geplant, wie der Terminkalender ab Die Aufnahmedaten: Hintergrund, YI2K- Seite 140 zu berichten weiß. Zum Beispiel der traditionelle ATT in Essen am Actioncam mit Superweitwinkelobjektiv, 5. Mai. Oder die BAV­Veränderlichenwoche an der Sternwarte Kirchheim ab ISO 162, Blende 2,8, 1/960 s, Phasenbil- dem 26. Mai. Nicht zu vergessen zahlreiche Tagungen der VdS­Fachgruppen, der der Sonne mit Kamera Nikon D7000 bei denen natürlich auch Gäste willkommen sind. und Sigma-Spiegeltele 1:8/500 mm, ISO 640, 1/20 bis 1/1250 s. Die Redaktion Wir würden uns freuen, Sie bei der ein oder anderen Gelegenheit vor Ort zu gratuliert unserem Bildautor Ralf Schäfer treffen. Für die Zwischenzeit steht das Diskussionsforum der VdS unter forum. sternfreunde.de zum Online­Austausch zur Verfügung. Oder folgen Sie uns auf zu diesem schönen Bild. Der geneigte Facebook und Twitter (siehe Seite 4 unten). Leser beachte bitte auch seinen Text- beitrag in diesem Heft. Mit herzlichen Grüßen von Ihrer VdS Sven Melchert VdS-Journal Nr. 65 2 Inhalt GESCHICHTE DER ASTRONOMIE 14. Tagung der Fachgruppe Geschichte der Astronomie in Lilienthal 69 SCHWERPUNKTTHEMA Totale Sonnenfinsternis 2017 8 ASTRONOMISCHE VEREINIGUNGEN Wochenende der Astronomie in Münster 58 ASTROFOTOGRAFIE 1 EDITORIAL 50 Die Mathematik der Astrofotografie 52 A fish on a platter – eine fotografische Nachlese 2 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 55 Der Rosettennebel – angepasste Falschfarbenaufnahme eines Emissionsnebels NACH REDAKTIONSSCHLUSS 57 40 Jahre Norddeutsches Astrofotografentreffen 4 Aktuelles über die VdS 5 42. Würzburger Frühjahrstagung am 28. April ASTRONOMISCHE VEREINIGUNGEN 6 Die Verleihung des Deutschen Preises für Astronomie 58 Wochenende der Astronomie in Münster an Wolfgang Busch 6 Nordlicht-Beobachtungen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert COMPUTERASTRONOMIE 59 CSharpFits und weitere Code-Bibliotheken für das SCHWERPUNKTTHEMA: TOTALE SONNEN- FITS-Format FINSTERNIS 2017 60 Interpolation mit kubischen Splines 60 8 Sonnenfinsternis in Wyoming Beobachtungslogger für Android: StarLog 12 Die totale Sonnenfinsternis am 21.08.2017 bei Mitchell, Oregon DEEP SKY 61 16 Haro 4-1 – ein Planetarischer Nebel im Halo der Galaxis The Great Eclipse – Totale Sonnenfinsternis über 63 Amerika Think Big – Beobachtungen über 2 Grad und mehr: Tänzelndes Pferd 21 The Great American Solar Eclipse 66 Skyguide 2018-1 (Frühling) 24 Die äußere Sonnenkorona im infraroten Licht 26 Great American Eclipse – Besuch von Nationalparks mit GESCHICHTE SoFi-Höhepunkt 69 Neues aus der Fachgruppe Geschichte der Astronomie 32 Erdschein und Bailey’s Beads bei der Sonnenfinsternis 69 14. Tagung der Fachgruppe Geschichte der Astronomie am 21.08.2017 in Lilienthal 34 „The Total Solar Eclipse“ bei den Cowboys in Riverton 72 Historische Sonnenfinsternisse – ein Phänomen mit 37 Die große USA-Sonnenfinsternis 2017 – Ein Last- großer Anziehungskraft Minute-Trip 40 … endlich!!! JUGENDARBEIT 41 Unsere USA-Sonnenfinsternis 2017 75 Zwei Wochen Wissenschaft für Jugendliche: das Astro- 42 Reise zur American Eclipse nomische Sommerlager KLEINE PLANETEN FACHGRUPPENBEITRÄGE 79 Neues aus der Fachgruppe Kleine Planeten AMATEURTELESKOPE 80 Kleinplaneten – 3D am Nachthimmel 47 Stativ auffrischen leicht gemacht 81 Kosmische Begegnungen 48 PowerBox: für mobile Sternwarten (Version 230V) 83 Die 100. Frankfurter Kleinplaneten-Entdeckung 85 Kleinplanetentagung 2017 in Leiden (Niederlande) VdS-Journal Nr. 65 Inhalt 3 METEORE Radiant und Antiradiant 92 SPEKTROSKOPIE Softwaregestützer Entwurf eines Karbon-Echelle-Spektrografen 107 KOMETEN VDS-NOSTALGIE 87 Auffallende Kometen des dritten Quartals 2017 128 Das war’n noch Zeiten, Folge 32 METEORE VDS VOR ORT / TAGUNGSBERICHTE 88 Synchronschall – selbst beobachtet 130 36. BoHeTa mit Themenschwerpunkt „Aktive 90 Stereoskopie eines Meteorstroms mit Echtzeit-Aufnahmen Galaxienkerne“ 92 Radiant und Antiradiant ZUM NACHDENKEN PLANETEN 133 Leben im All? – II. Sehnsucht nach Kontakten 95 Marsbeobachtungen 2016 98 Beobachtungstipps zur Marsopposition 2018 SERVICE 136 Himmelsvorschau April - Juni 2018 SONNE 102 Ein frühes Ereignis des Sonnenzyklus 25 – gezeichnet, BEOBACHTERFORUM nicht geknipst 139 Sidewalk Astronomy SPEKTROSKOPIE VORSCHAU 105 Echelle 2017 – ein Tagungsbericht 140 Vorschau auf astronomische Veranstaltungen 107 Softwaregestützter Entwurf eines Karbon-Echelle- April bis Juli 2018 Spektrografen 111 Spektrentrennung von Binarsternen IMPRESSIONEN 11 Im Schatten der Erde: die partielle Mondfinsternis STERNBEDECKUNGEN vom 7. August 2017 115 Streifende Sternbedeckungen durch den Mond 46 Perseiden im 2. Quartal 2018 101 Polarlicht 101 Mond und Venus über Stuttgart VERÄNDERLICHE 118 VV Cephei – Beobachtungskampagne einer seltenen Bedeckung HINWEISE 120 Veränderliche Sterne als Motivation für Schüler- 7 Ihr Beitrag im VdS-Journal für Astronomie! praktikanten 11 Inserentenverzeichnis VDS-NACHRICHTEN 23 Impressum 123 Neues aus dem Vorstand 143 Wichtige Informationen für unsere Mitglieder! 124 Spenden an die Vereinigung der Sternfreunde e.V. 142 VdS-Fachgruppen-Redakteure 124 Jubiläen 2018 127 In Memoriam 2017 142 VdS-Fachgruppen-Verantwortliche 127 Wir begrüßen neue Mitglieder 144 Autorenverzeichnis VdS-Journal Nr. 65 4 Nach Redaktionsschluss Aktuelles über die VdS von Sven Melchert, VdS-Vorstand Liebe Mitglieder und Freunde der VdS, Adressen finden Sie am Ende des Heftes. VdS-Website und Veranstaltungs- auf der Mitgliederversammlung am 21. Ansprechpartner für die Fachgruppen im termine Oktober 2017 wurde ein neuer Vorstand Vorstand sind Werner Celnik und Otto Der zentrale Kontakt für Nachrichten gewählt. Damit haben sich im Verein ei­ Guthier. ist [email protected]. Veran­ nige Zuständigkeiten geändert, über die staltungstermine bitte an termine@ wir Sie informieren möchten. Kooptierte Vorstandsmitglieder vds-astro.de schicken; sie werden dann Neben den von der Mitgliederversamm­ auch im VdS­Journal veröffentlicht. Die Geschäftsstelle lung gewählten Vorstandsmitgliedern VdS­Fachgruppen können auf Anfrage Die Geschäftsstelle der VdS wird in be­ bietet die Satzung die Möglichkeit, für selbstständig Nachrichten auf der VdS­ währter Weise von Frau Eva Garbe be­ spezielle Aufgaben sogenannte kooptierte Website veröffentlichen. treut, sie ist zentrale Ansprechpartnerin. Vorstandsmitglieder zu bestimmen. Da­ Seit Februar unterstützt uns Frau Heike von hat der Vorstand Gebrauch gemacht Zukunftspläne Rader, sie kümmert sich um das VdS­ und freut sich auf die Mitarbeit von Wer­ Die VdS ist ein Verein mit langer Tradi­ Journal, den Astronomietag und Mes­ ner Celnik, Rolando Dölling und Claudia tion und treuen Mitgliedern. Vieles wur­ sestände. Die Geschäftsstelle ist immer Henkel. Werner Celnik ist für das VdS­ de in den vergangenen Jahren erreicht: am Montag, Dienstag und Donnerstag Journal und zusammen mit Otto Gut­ 17 aktive Fachgruppen stehen für alle besetzt. E­Mail wie gehabt: service@ hier für die Betreuung der Fachgruppen Aktivitäten der Amateurastronomie zur vds-astro.de. zuständig. Rolando Dölling bildet als Verfügung, darunter die neu gegründete Leiter der Fachgruppe Astronomische Fachgruppe der Astronomischen Vereini­ VdS-Journal Vereinigungen die Schnittstelle von den gungen. Das VdS­Journal erscheint mitt­ Bei unserem Mitgliedermagazin gibt es Sternwarten zum VdS­Vorstand. Clau­ lerweile in vier Ausgaben pro Jahr. Im derzeit keine Änderungen: Dietmar Ban­ dia Henkel ist Vorsitzende der Walter­ Internet kann im VdS­Forum publiziert nuscher, Werner Celnik, Otto Guthier, Hohmann­Sternwarte in Essen; sie wird und diskutiert werden, wir stehen über Sven Melchert
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    49th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2018 (LPI Contrib. No. 2083) 2569.pdf SCATTERING LAW FITS FOR DUAL POLARIZATION RADAR ECHOES OF ASTEROIDS USING ARECIBO OBSERVATORY PLANETARY RADAR DATA. L. F. Zambrano-Marin1,2, A. K. Virkki2, E. G. Rivera-Valentín2,3, P. A. Taylor2; 1Escuela Internacional de Posgrado, Universidad de Granada, Spain ([email protected]), 2Arecibo Observatory, Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Arecibo, PR, 3Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, Houston, TX. Introduction: S-band (2380 MHz, 12.6 cm) senses of polarization, selecting primarily targets radar is an ideal method for studying the decimeter- where a roughly spheroidal shape can be assumed scale surface structures on asteroids that will affect in based on radar images. Selected targets had situ exploration. Beyond constraining near-surface continuous wave (CW; frequency only) spectra as properties, radar data enables the refinement of well as radar images with sufficient resolution to orbits, the determination of target sizes, and estimates obtain high backscatter signal per pixel at a range of of shapes and rotation periods with which the incidence angles. From CW data we obtain the radar Yarkovsky (orbit) and YORP (rotational) non- cross section (RCS or σ), the circular polarization gravitational effects [1] can be studied. Following the ratio (CPR or μC), and the radar albedo (�). The work by Virkki et. al. [2], Thompson et al. [3], and addition of the OC and SC components gives the total Wye et. al. [4], we test models of radar scattering radar cross section, which has been used as a using dual-polarization radar observations to measurement of the reflectivity of the target [5].
  • Study of Main-Belt and Near-Earth Asteroids with TRAPPIST and Larger Telescopes

    Study of Main-Belt and Near-Earth Asteroids with TRAPPIST and Larger Telescopes

    Study of Main-Belt and Near-Earth Asteroids with TRAPPIST and larger telescopes MARIN FERRAIS Supervisor: EMMANUËL JEHIN University of Liège STAR Institute June 14th, 2019 0/20 Introduction The origins of the Solar System Why to study asteroids ? ! Pristine material ! Building blocks of the planets ! Dynamical evolution of the Solar System ! Impact history Artist view of the early Solar System (NASA) ! Threat to Earth 1/20 Main-Belt Asteroids (MBAs) • More than 700 000 asteroids known in the Main-Belt • About 200 larger than 100 km • Various shapes, sizes and compositions ! but lack of observations ! Asteroids in the Solar System (25143) Itokawa (JAXA) (253) Mathilde (NASA) (4) Vesta (NASA) 2/20 Optical asteroid lightcurves: master thesis Shape model of (20) Massalia (ISAM) 3/20 Data acquisition/reduction TRAPPIST telescopes • TRAPPIST-South: ESO La Silla Observatory (Chile) • TRAPPIST-North: Oukaïmeden Observatory (Morocco) ! Twin robotic telescopes ! D = 0.6 m ! Good observing sites ! A lot of observation time ! Large sky coverage ! Long observing runs using both telescopes • https://www.trappist.uliege.be/ 4/20 TRAPPIST rotational lightcurves Phased lightcurve of (89) Julia (master thesis) 5/20 What can we learn from asteroid lightcurves? Period spectrum of (89) Julia with the FALC method Shape model of (89) Julia • Determination of the rotation period (Fourier analysis) • Rotation state (excited or relaxed rotation) • Spin axis coordinates (lightcurves inversion) • Global convex shape model (lightcurves inversion) 6/20 Build the phased