The British Astronomical Association Handbook 2017

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THE HANDBOOK

OF THE BRITISH ASTRONOMICAL ASSOCIATION 2017

2016 October ISSN 0068–130–X CONTENTS PREFACE ...... 2 HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2017 ...... 3 CALENDAR 2017 ...... 4 SKY DIARY ...... 5-6 SUN ...... 7-9 ECLIPSES ...... 10-15 APPEARANCE OF PLANETS ...... 16 VISIBILITY OF PLANETS ...... 17 RISING AND SETTING OF THE PLANETS IN LATITUDES 52°N AND 35°S ...... 18-19 PLANETS – EXPLANATION OF TABLES ...... 20 ELEMENTS OF PLANETARY ORBITS ...... 21 MERCURY ...... 22-23 VENUS ...... 24 EARTH ...... 25 MOON ...... 25 LUNAR LIBRATION ...... 26 MOONRISE AND MOONSET ...... 27-31 SUN’S SELENOGRAPHIC COLONGITUDE ...... 32 LUNAR OCCULTATIONS ...... 33-39 GRAZING LUNAR OCCULTATIONS ...... 40-41 MARS ...... 42-43 ASTEROIDS ...... 44 ASTEROID EPHEMERIDES ...... 45-50 ASTEROID OCCULTATIONS ...... 51-53 ASTEROIDS: FAVOURABLE OBSERVING OPPORTUNITIES ...... 54-56 NEO CLOSE APPROACHES TO EARTH ...... 57 JUPITER ...... 58-62 SATELLITES OF JUPITER ...... 62-66 JUPITER ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS ...... 67-76 SATURN ...... 77-80 SATELLITES OF SATURN ...... 81-84 URANUS ...... 85 NEPTUNE ...... 86 TRANS–NEPTUNIAN & SCATTERED-DISK OBJECTS ...... 87 DWARF PLANETS ...... 88-91 COMETS ...... 92-96 METEOR DIARY ...... 97-99 VARIABLE STARS (RZ Cassiopeiae; Algol; λ Tauri) ...... 100-101 MIRA STARS ...... 102 VARIABLE STAR OF THE YEAR (T Cassiopeiæ) ...... 103-105 EPHEMERIDES OF VISUAL BINARY STARS ...... 106-107 BRIGHT STARS ...... 108 ACTIVE GALAXIES ...... 109 TIME ...... 110-111 ASTRONOMICAL AND PHYSICAL CONSTANTS ...... 112-113 INTERNET RESOURCES ...... 114-115 GREEK ALPHABET ...... 115 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / ERRATA ...... 116

Front Cover: Northern Lights - taken from Mount Storsteinen, near Tromsø, on 2007 February 14. A great effort taking a 13 second exposure in a wind chill of -21C (Pete Lawrence) British Astronomical Association

HANDBOOK FOR 2017

NINETY–SIXTH YEAR OF PUBLICATION

BURLINGTON HOUSE, PICCADILLY, LONDON, W1J 0DU Telephone 020 7734 4145 PREFACE

Welcome to the 96th Handbook of the British Astronomical Association.

The Handbook tries to highlight forthcoming astronomical events for the year but there are always events that can be missed, or are entirely unpredictable, like comets, asteroid close approaches, aurorae, etc. Make sure you watch the BAA’s website for the latest news. Also, make sure you are receiving the e-bulletins by keeping your email up to date with the BAA office.

Once again we would also encourage everyone to join their local astronomical society to try equipment, talk to like-minded people, and to give and receive help. It can take a long time to choose the right equipment and learn how to use it, so make the most of your local society. The BAA’s Sections can help too. Contact the Section Directors, who will be pleased to help.

You may also like to consider getting involved with the annual events organised as part of World Space Week (4-10 Oct.). This is an international celebration of all things SPACE and focuses on science and technology and its role in the past, present and future of mankind. World Space Week currently consists of space education and outreach events held by space agencies, aerospace companies, schools, planetaria, museums, and astronomy clubs around the world. (http://www. worldspaceweek.org/).

Unfortunately we are restricted by the number of pages that we can include in the Handbook. This does mean that some things will have to be left out. However, the Computing Section does try to publish all additional data on the section website (http://britastro.org/computing).

Members may also like to know that the Computing Section provides the data for the Royal Astronomical Society’s Diary.

Finally, we must thank all the contributors to the Handbook. You will find them acknowledged on page 116. A big thank you also to all the proof readers, and my wife Sue - for all the cups of Tea! Contact details for many of these can be found at the back of every Journal. Alternatively, email the Director, Steve Harvey (address below) and messages can be forwarded to those concerned.

Clear skies for 2017 !

Steve Harvey Director, Computing Section Email: [email protected]

July 2016

2 Preface BAA Handbook 2017 HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2017 The following events during 2017 are worthy of note: Sun and Moon: There will be four eclipses (two of the Sun and two of the Moon). One of the solar eclipses will be a total eclipse and one an annular eclipse. The total will be visible as a small partial eclipse from the North West of the UK, at sunset. One lunar eclipse is penumbral - visible in its entirety from the UK, and the other is partial - visible at moonrise. Planets, Dwarf Planets and Asteroids: Mercury is best seen (northern latitudes) in the mornings around mid September and late December (for southern latitudes it is best seen in the latter half of May). In the evenings it is best seen around late March to mid-April (mid July to mid-August for southern latitudes). Venus is an evening object until mid March, reaching inferior conjunction on 25 Mar., and then a morning object until late November. Conjunctions occur with Mars (5 Oct.) and Jupiter (13 Nov.). Mars is visible in the evenings until mid-June. A close passage of asteroid 2012 TC4 (~20 m in size) occurs on 12 Oct. - although its orbit is approximate it is not predicted to hit the Earth. Meteors: Among the meteor showers, the Lyrids (22 Apr.), the Orionids (21-24 Oct.), the Leonids (17 Nov.) and the Gemi- nids (14 Dec.) are very favourable. The Quadrantids (3 Jan.), the Eta Aquarids (5-6 May), and the Ursids (22-23 Dec.) are favourable in 2017. The Perseids (12 Aug.) are quite favourable. Comets: The short period comet 2P/Encke comes to perihelion on March 10 and could be a binocular object in the evening sky by mid-February. 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak comes within 0.15 au of the Earth in early April and should be a binocular object at that time. C/2015 V2 (Johnson) comes to perihelion on June 12 when it is at opposition in Bootes. It could reach 6th or 7th magnitude and is well placed from northern hemisphere prior to perihelion. Refer to the BAA Comet Section for latest info : http://britastro.org/comet Space Probes and Artificial Satellites: The Boeing CST-100 Starliner and SpaceX Dragon V2 capsules are planned for launch, thus restoring capabili- ties for human spaceflight for the USA (since retirement of the Space Shuttle in 2011). The Cassini probe is scheduled to end its mission by descending into Saturn (Sep. 15) Predictions for the International Space Station and other bright satellites can be found for any geographic location at: http://www.heavens-above.com

Highlights by date: Jan. 3 Mars 0.2° South of Moon Feb. 26 Annular solar eclipse visible from South America and Central Africa Mar. 20 The vernal equinox occurs in the northern hemisphere at 10:29 UT 26 Neptune occulted by Moon Apr. 7 Jupiter at opposition 22 Lyrid meteor shower Jun. 15 Saturn at opposition Jun. 21 The summer solstice occurs in the northern hemisphere at 04:24 UT Jul. 25 Lunar occultation of Mercury from UK Aug. 12 Perseid meteor shower 21 Total solar eclipse visible from USA. Partial phases are visible from north-west UK at sunset Sep. 5 Neptune at opposition 15 Cassini mission ends with entry into Saturnian atmosphere 16 Mars less than 0.05° from Mercury 18 Lunar occultation of Venus visible from Australia 22 The autumnal equinox occurs in the northern hemisphere at 20:02 UT 24 Asteroid Chiron occults star UCAC4-461-131615 at 21:00 UT Oct. 12 Asteroid 2012 TC4 makes close approach (13000-433000 km) to Earth 19 Uranus at opposition 21-24 Orionids meteor shower Nov. 17 Leonids meteor shower Dec. 14 Geminids meteor shower 21 The winter solstice occurs in the northern hemisphere at 16:28 UT BAA Handbook 2017 Highlights 3 of day 346 345 361 347 362 364 365 363 348 349 335 350 336 351 337 352 338 353 340 339 354 355 341 342 356 343 357 344 358 359 360 year December 1 2 3 4 6 5 7 8 9 of 11 12 27 13 28 30 31 29 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 10 24 25 26 day month of day 311 318 317 319 334 305 320 306 321 307 322 308 323 309 324 310 325 312 326 327 313 314 328 315 329 316 330 331 333 332 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 9 November of 14 13 11 15 30 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 10 24 25 12 26 27 29 28 day month of day 290 274 275 289 276 291 277 292 278 293 279 294 280 295 281 296 282 297 284 283 298 299 285 287 286 300 301 288 302 303 304 year October 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 11 17 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 10 25 26 12 14 13 27 28 15 29 30 31 day month of day 255 254 256 271 273 272 257 258 244 259 245 260 246 261 247 262 248 263 249 264 250 252 251 265 266 253 267 268 270 269 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 8 September of 11 12 13 28 30 29 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 10 24 25 27 26 day month of day 227 213 228 243 214 229 215 230 216 231 217 232 218 233 219 234 220 235 221 236 222 224 223 237 238 225 239 240 226 242 241 year Aug 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 15 11 16 31 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 10 12 25 26 13 27 28 14 30 29 day month of day 211 192 193 208 210 209 194 212 195 196 182 197 183 198 184 199 185 200 186 201 187 189 202 188 203 190 204 205 191 207 206 year July 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 9 of 11 12 27 29 28 13 31 30 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 10 26 25 day month of day 164 165 180 181 166 152 167 153 168 154 169 155 170 156 171 157 172 158 173 159 161 174 160 175 162 176 177 163 179 178 year June 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 13 14 29 30 15 11 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 10 23 24 25 26 12 28 27 day month of day 136 121 137 122 138 123 124 139 125 140 126 141 127 142 128 143 129 144 130 145 131 133 146 132 147 148 134 149 135 151 150 year CALENDAR 2017 CALENDAR May 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 11 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 10 25 13 26 12 27 28 14 29 15 31 30 day month of 91 92 93 94 95 96 98 97 99 day 111 117 119 118 110 101 102 112 103 113 120 114 104 116 115 105 106 107 108 109 100 year April 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 9 of 11 12 27 13 29 28 30 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 10 24 26 25 day month of 74 73 89 75 60 90 61 76 62 77 63 78 64 79 65 80 66 81 67 68 82 70 83 69 84 71 85 72 86 88 87 day year March 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 11 15 14 30 16 31 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 10 25 12 26 13 27 29 28 day month of 46 45 47 32 33 48 34 49 35 50 36 51 37 52 38 53 39 40 54 55 42 41 56 43 57 44 58 59 day year February 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 15 14 11 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 10 25 12 26 13 27 28 day month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 11 18 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 10 25 12 26 27 13 14 28 15 29 16 30 31 day year January 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 11 18 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 10 25 12 26 27 13 14 28 15 29 16 30 31 day month Fri Fri Fri Fri Fri Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Tue Tue Tue Tue Sun Sun Tue Sun Sun Sun Sun Thu Thu Thu Thu Thu Wed Wed Wed Wed Wed Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon 1 January 2017 is Julian day number 2457754.5 See also p.17 4 BAA Handbook 2017 SKY DIARY

m d h Phenomenon m d h Phenomenon

1 1 7 Neptune 0.02° N of Mars 4 1 9 Moon 0.3° N of Aldebaran 1 1 17 Davida 0.8° N of Mercury 4 1 10 Mercury greatest elong.E(19°) 1 2 9 Moon 1.9° N of Venus 4 7 22 Jupiter opposition Sun 1 3 15 Quadrantids 4 14 5 Uranus Conjunction Sun 1 3 4 Moon 0.4° N of Neptune 4 20 6 Mercury inferior Conjunction

1 3 7 Moon 0.2° N of Mars 4 22 - Lyrids 1 7 7 Pluto Conjunction Sun 4 22 20 Moon 0.2° S of Neptune 1 9 14 Moon 0.3° N of Aldebaran 4 24 16 Moon 0.8° N of Pallas 1 12 13 Venus greatest elong. E(47°) 4 26 - Venus greatest brilliancy 1 13 2 Neptune 0.4° S of Venus 4 28 18 Moon 0.5° N of Aldebaran

1 19 10 Mercury greatest elong. W(24°) 4 28 18 Uranus 0.1° N of Mercury 1 29 17 Pluto 1° N of Mercury 5 5 - Eta Aquarids 1 30 11 Moon 0.2° N of Neptune 5 17 23 Mercury greatest elong. W(25°) 2 3 1 Moon 1° N of Ceres 5 20 5 Moon 0.5° S of Neptune 2 5 2 Moon 0.2° N of Aldebaran 5 24 1 Moon 1.6° S of Mercury

2 11 1 Penumbral lunar eclipse 5 26 4 Moon 0.6° N of Aldebaran 2 17 - Venus greatest brilliancy 6 2 15 Uranus 1.8° N of Venus 2 26 15 Annular solar eclipse 6 3 12 Venus greatest elong. W(46°) 2 26 21 Moon 0.1° N of Neptune 6 8 0 Cybele 1.6° S of Mercury 2 27 8 Uranus 0.6° S of Mars 6 15 10 Saturn opposition Sun

2 27 9 Moon 2° S of Pallas 6 16 13 Moon 0.7° S of Neptune 3 2 3 Neptune Conjunction Sun 6 16 22 Ceres 0.7° S of Mercury 3 2 21 Moon 0.8° S of Ceres 6 21 14 Mercury superior Conjunction 3 4 6 Neptune 1.1° N of Mercury 6 22 15 Moon 0.5° N of Aldebaran 3 5 3 Moon 0.2° N of Aldebaran 6 28 18 Mars 0.8° S of Mercury

3 7 0 Mercury superior Conjunction 7 10 5 Pluto opposition Sun 3 25 10 Venus inferior Conjunction 7 13 18 Moon 0.9° S of Neptun 3 26 8 Moon 0° S of Neptune 7 20 0 Moon 0.4° N of Aldebaran 3 27 12 Moon 0.7° S of Pallas 7 25 9 Moon 0.9° N of Mercury

BAA Handbook 2017 Sky Diary 5 SKY DIARY cont'd

m d h Phenomenon m d h Phenomenon

7 26 9 Regulus 1° N of Mercury 10 16 9 Moon 0.4° S of Vesta 7 27 1 Mars Conjunction Sun 10 16 21 Metis 1.4° N of Jupiter 7 29 - Delta Aquarids 10 17 10 Moon 1.8° N of Mars 7 30 5 Mercury greatest elong.E(27°) 10 18 0 Moon 2° N of Venus 8 7 18 Partial lunar eclipse 10 18 15 Jupiter 1° N of Mercury

8 9 23 Moon 0.9° S of Neptune 10 18 23 Moon 1° S of Vesta 8 12 19 Perseids 10 19 18 Uranus opposition Sun 8 16 7 Moon 0.4° N of Aldebaran 10 21 - Orionids 8 21 5 Moon 1.5° S of Mars 10 26 18 Jupiter Conjunction Sun 8 21 18 Total solar eclipse 10 27 5 Moon 1.1° S of Neptune

8 26 21 Mercury inferior Conjunction 10 30 21 Moon 0.9° S of Neptune 9 5 2 Regulus 0.8° S of Mars 11 4 1 Psyche 0.4° N of Venus 9 5 5 Neptune opposition Sun 11 12 - Taurids 9 6 5 Moon 0.8° S of Neptune 11 13 6 Jupiter 0.3° S of Venus 9 10 12 Regulus 0.6° N of Mercury 11 17 19 Leonids 9 12 10 Mercury greatest elong.W(18°) 11 20 10 Metis 0.9° N of Venus

9 12 13 Moon 0.4° N of Aldebaran 11 24 0 Mercury greatest elong. E(22°) 9 16 18 Mars 0.06° S of Mercury 12 3 13 Moon 0.8° N of Aldebaran 9 18 1 Moon 0.5° S of Venus 12 6 12 Saturn 1.3° N of Mercury 9 18 20 Moon 0.1° N of Mars 12 13 2 Mercury inferior Conjunction 9 18 23 Moon 0.03° S of Mercury 12 14 2 Geminids

9 19 23 Regulus 0.5° S of Venus 12 14 19 Moon 0.2° S of Vesta 9 20 13 Moon 1.8° S of Vesta 12 17 9 Moon 1.7° N of Mercury 10 3 12 Moon 0.7° S of Neptune 12 20 3 Moon 1.9° N of Pluto 10 5 13 Mars 0.2° S of Venus 12 21 21 Saturn Conjunction Sun 10 6 3 Moon 0.7° N of Aldebaran 12 22 - Ursids

10 8 21 Mercury superior Conjunction 12 24 13 Moon 1.4° S of Neptune 10 9 15 Psyche 0.7° N of Mercury 12 25 18 Saturn 1.1° N of Venus 10 9 18 Moon 0.6° N of Aldebaran 12 31 1 Moon 0.7° N of Aldebaran

6 Sky Diary BAA Handbook 2017 SUN The tables on p.8–9 give the apparent RA, Dec. and diameter of the Sun, the UT of transit across the

Greenwich meridian, and P, B0, L0 where

P is the position angle of the N end of the axis of rotation. It is positive when east of the north point of the disk, negative if west;

B0 is the heliographic latitude of the centre of the disk;

L0 is the heliographic longitude of the centre of the disk.

Decrease of L0 with Time h m º h m º h m º h m º h º 0 00 0.0 1 43 1.0 3 32 2.0 5 21 3.0 6 3.3 05 0.1 54 1.1 43 2.1 32 3.1 8 4.4 16 0.2 2 05 1.2 54 2.2 43 3.2 10 5.5 27 0.3 16 1.3 4 05 2.3 54 3.3 12 6.6 38 0.4 27 1.4 16 2.4 6 05 3.4 14 7.7 49 0.5 38 1.5 27 2.5 16 3.5 16 8.8 1 00 0.6 49 1.6 38 2.6 27 3.6 18 9.9 10 0.7 3 00 1.7 49 2.7 38 3.7 20 11.0 21 0.8 10 l.8 5 00 2.8 49 3.8 22 12.1 32 0.9 21 1.9 10 2.9 7 00 3.9 24 13.2 43 1.0 32 2.0 21 3.0 10 4.0

The heliographic longitude and latitude of a spot may be conveniently estimated by the method described in J. Br. Astron. Assoc., 53, 63 (1943).

Carrington Rotation Number The dates of commencement of the synodic rotations, in continuation of Carrington’s (Greenwich Photo–Heliographic) series, are as follows: Rotation Begins Rotation Begins Rotation Begins d d d 2186 Jan. 10.38 2187 Feb. 6.73 2188 Mar. 6.06 2189 Apr. 2.37 2190 Apr. 29.63 2191 May 26.85 2192 Jun. 23.05 2193 Jul. 20.25 2194 Aug. 16.48 2195 Sep. 12.73 2196 Oct. 10.01 2197 Nov. 6.30 2185 Dec. 14.05

At the date of commencement of each synodic rotation period the value of L0 is zero; that is, the prime meridian passes through the central point of the disk. The sidereal period of rotation of the Sun used in physical ephemerides is 25.38 mean solar days, after Carrington; the mean synodic rotation period is 27.2753d

BAA Handbook 2017 Sun 7 SUN

2017 RA Dec. Diam. Transit P B0 L0 h m ° ' ' " h m ° ° ° Dec 29 18 33.5 –23 13 32 32 12 02 3.42 –2.68 163.05

Jan 3 18 55.6 –22 49 32 32 12 05 1.00 –3.26 97.20 8 19 17.5 –22 14 32 32 12 07 –1.42 –3.82 31.35 13 19 39.2 –21 29 32 31 12 09 –3.80 –4.36 325.51 18 20 0.7 –20 33 32 31 12 10 –6.13 –4.85 259.67 23 20 21.8 –19 27 32 30 12 12 –8.40 –5.31 193.84 28 20 42.7 –18 12 32 29 12 13 –10.57 –5.73 128.01

Feb 2 21 3.2 –16 49 32 28 12 14 –12.64 –6.10 62.18 7 21 23.3 –15 19 32 26 12 14 –14.59 –6.42 356.34 12 21 43.1 –13 42 32 24 12 14 –16.41 –6.69 290.51 17 22 2.6 –11 60 32 22 12 14 –18.10 –6.91 224.66 22 22 21.9 –10 12 32 20 12 13 –19.64 –7.08 158.82 27 22 40.8 –8 21 32 18 12 13 –21.03 –7.19 92.97

Mar 4 22 59.6 –6 27 32 16 12 12 –22.27 –7.24 27.10 9 23 18.1 –4 31 32 13 12 10 –23.35 –7.24 321.23 14 23 36.5 –2 33 32 11 12 09 –24.27 –7.19 255.34 19 23 54.8 –0 34 32 8 12 08 –25.02 –7.08 189.43 24 0 13.0 +1 24 32 5 12 06 –25.59 –6.91 123.51 29 0 31.2 +3 22 32 2 12 05 –25.99 –6.70 57.57

Apr 3 0 49.4 +5 18 31 61 12 03 –26.22 –6.43 351.61 8 1 7.7 +7 11 31 58 12 02 –26.26 –6.12 285.63 13 1 26.1 +9 02 31 55 12 00 –26.12 –5.76 219.63 18 1 44.6 +10 49 31 53 11 59 –25.80 –5.37 153.60 23 2 3.3 +12 31 31 50 11 58 –25.29 –4.93 87.56 28 2 22.2 +14 08 31 47 11 57 –24.60 –4.46 21.51

May 3 2 41.2 +15 40 31 45 11 57 –23.73 –3.97 315.43 8 3 0.6 +17 05 31 43 11 56 –22.68 –3.44 249.33 13 3 20.1 +18 22 31 41 11 56 –21.46 –2.89 183.22 18 3 39.9 +19 32 31 39 11 56 –20.07 –2.32 117.08 23 3 59.9 +20 34 31 37 11 57 –18.52 –1.74 50.94 28 4 20.1 +21 27 31 35 11 57 –16.83 –1.15 344.79

Jun 2 4 40.6 +22 11 31 34 11 58 –15.00 –0.54 278.63 7 5 1.1 +22 45 31 32 11 59 –13.05 0.06 212.45 12 5 21.8 +23 09 31 31 12 00 –11.00 0.66 146.27 17 5 42.6 +23 22 31 30 12 01 –8.87 1.26 80.09 22 6 3.4 +23 26 31 29 12 02 –6.68 1.85 13.91 27 6 24.2 +23 19 31 29 12 03 –4.44 2.42 307.72

8 Sun BAA Handbook 2017 SUN

2017 RA Dec. Diam. Transit P B0 L0 h m ° ' ' " h m ° ° ° Jul 2 6 44.9 +23 02 31 29 12 04 –2.17 2.98 241.54 7 7 5.5 +22 35 31 29 12 05 0.09 3.52 175.36 12 7 25.9 +21 58 31 29 12 06 2.34 4.03 109.19 17 7 46.2 +21 12 31 29 12 06 4.56 4.52 43.03 22 8 6.2 +20 16 31 30 12 06 6.73 4.98 336.87 27 8 26.0 +19 13 31 31 12 07 8.83 5.40 270.73

Aug 1 8 45.5 +18 01 31 32 12 06 10.86 5.78 204.59 6 9 4.8 +16 42 31 33 12 06 12.80 6.13 138.47 11 9 23.8 +15 16 31 35 12 05 14.63 6.43 72.36 16 9 42.6 +13 44 31 36 12 04 16.36 6.69 6.26 21 10 1.2 +12 07 31 38 12 03 17.98 6.90 300.18 26 10 19.6 +10 25 31 40 12 02 19.47 7.07 234.11 31 10 37.9 +8 39 31 42 12 00 20.83 7.18 168.06

Sep 5 10 55.9 +6 49 31 45 11 59 22.05 7.24 102.01 10 11 13.9 +4 57 31 47 11 57 23.13 7.25 35.98 15 11 31.9 +3 02 31 49 11 55 24.06 7.21 329.96 20 11 49.8 +1 06 31 52 11 53 24.83 7.11 263.96 25 12 7.8 –0 51 31 55 11 52 25.45 6.97 197.96 30 12 25.8 –2 47 31 57 11 50 25.89 6.77 131.98

Oct 5 12 43.9 –4 43 32 0 11 48 26.17 6.52 66.00 10 13 2.2 –6 38 32 2 11 47 26.27 6.22 0.03 15 13 20.7 –8 30 32 5 11 46 26.18 5.88 294.08 20 13 39.4 –10 20 32 7 11 45 25.91 5.48 228.13 25 13 58.4 –12 05 32 10 11 44 25.44 5.05 162.18 30 14 17.7 –13 46 32 13 11 44 24.78 4.58 96.25

Nov 4 14 37.3 –15 22 32 15 11 44 23.92 4.07 30.31 9 14 57.2 –16 51 32 18 11 44 22.87 3.53 324.39 14 15 17.5 –18 13 32 20 11 44 21.63 2.97 258.47 19 15 38.2 –19 27 32 22 11 45 20.19 2.37 192.56 24 15 59.2 –20 32 32 24 11 47 18.58 1.76 126.65 29 16 20.5 –21 28 32 26 11 48 16.79 1.14 60.75

Dec 4 16 42.1 –22 14 32 27 11 50 14.86 0.50 354.86 9 17 3.9 –22 49 32 29 11 52 12.78 –0.14 288.97 14 17 25.9 –23 12 32 30 11 55 10.59 –0.78 223.09 19 17 48.1 –23 24 32 31 11 57 8.30 –1.41 157.22 24 18 10.3 –23 25 32 31 12 00 5.94 –2.04 91.35 29 18 32.5 –23 14 32 32 12 02 3.54 –2.65 25.49

Jan 3 18 54.5 –22 51 32 32 12 04 1.12 –3.23 319.63

BAA Handbook 2017 Sun 9 ECLIPSES During 2017 there will be two eclipses of the Sun and two of the Moon.

1. A penumbral eclipse of the Moon on February 11 is visible from India and Eastern Asia at Moonset, and North and South America at Moonrise. Africa, Europe and Eastern parts of South America will see the whole eclipse. Observers should be reminded that penumbral eclipses are not easy to observe.

2. An annular eclipse of the Sun on February 26 starts in Southern Chile and Argentina and is then next visible from land in Angola, on the African mainland, followed by Zambia and ending in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

3. A partial eclipse of the Moon on August 7 is visible from eastern Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia. The end phase will only be visible at moonrise from the UK.

4. A total eclipse of the Sun on August 21 is visible across the entire mainland USA. Northern England and Scotland will experience a partial eclipse just before sunset.

Below, is a table showing local circumstances of this partial eclipse (as observed from the UK). You can see how sunset interferes with visibility, so a low horizon will be a necessity for any observation. Time (UT) Obscuration Locatiosn 1st Max. 4th Sunset % Leeds 18:29 19:01 19:22 19:22 2.9 Inverness 18:36 18:55 19:14 19:43 1.7 Belfast 18:37 19:00 19:23 19:44 3.0 Edinburgh 18:38 18:58 19:18 19:35 2.1 Liverpool 18:39 19:02 19:24 19:27 3.3 Birmingham 18:39 19:03 19:26 19:20 3.6 Aberystwyth 18:39 19:04 19:28 19:28 4.0 London 18:40 19:04 19:28 19:10 4.0 Penzance 18:40 19:07 19:34 19:20 5.7

Solar Eclipse Mailing List The solar eclipse community is very active and there is a plethora of websites devoted entirely to the subject. To keep up to date join the Solar Eclipse mailing list: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SEML/ Useful eclipse websites include: For weather predictions : Jay Anderson's site: http://eclipsophile.com/ For general information : Xavier Jubier's site: http://xjubier.free.fr/en/index_en.html or Fred Espenak's: http://www.mreclipse.com/

& http://astropixels.com/ 10 Eclipses BAA Handbook 2017 ECLIPSESECLIPSES

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2017 Feb 11

[sprit Ceeitnclioe • 03141.04 TO ( • C032 51.3 UT 1 Gnuees1EdUse • coas..ino TD ( • 0043:529 UT ) Penumbral Idegasle = 0.9881 P. Rides = 1.2505' Canna = .1.0254 timbral Meerdole = U. Ream = 07103' AxIS r 09928

Sates Series = 114 klernbel= 59 el 71 Spin al (Watt? Fein& Marna rindel Fcird. 1Geocertec CoortlinalesI (Geocallc Coordinedes) R A. r 21109m192s N RA. = )9108m22.64 Dec = -14°01.07.81 I Dec. =.13'03'101• SD.= 0010123' Faith's Penumbra SD.= 01549.7• HP. • 0000709.9* 11.14. • 001805.6-

Eadh'S Ulibtste

E — —w

Elp:e

ECOeseDinfefl E11111W_QQ0111118 Penunbal= 01h19m10s PI= 2231:16UT Pd = 025326 UT 0 is 30 45 CO dudaues AT= 70s Rule= COT (Darlon) Spent ANSASOSFC Erlt = VSCPS7E1F200045 eap80 psk nasacortacips9rord

1801 W 120'W CO' E 120E 180'E Longtcde 2X9 A{r 29 BAAHendbook2017BAA Handbook 2017 EcliPeaEclipses 11

ECLIPSES

Annular Solar Eclipse of 2017 Feb 26

Ectplc Conluncton = 143921.7 TD (= 14:5823.5 UT) Gioatos1 143422411D 14:5324.6 UT ) Edipse Magnitude = 09922 Gamma = 3.4578 Saros Series = 140 Mort.. = 29 0171 .qtre al Amgen, Fe4ns, Won at titnatam Fehr,. 16000entric Cooed natal) N diementnc Coordinates) RA: = 22639m23.1s RA. = 2232E/m53.24 Dec. --08'29'36.8° Dec.. -08°55.03.6' S.D. • 00'1309.0* SA.. 00'1347.8" H.P. 00•006647 H.P.. 00'57.58.6*

EnernaAaumial Etuemair.nmmal Ciankidast2erimibm Conlacia_oll/mIns P1 - 121047.9 UT UI • 1315:133 UT P4 17:36 )1 A UT U2 = 13:1554.4 UT S U3 = 162307.7 UT U4 1621173UT ClainStenCeS 81 Greatest Ect030:_14332461.11 Constants 6Eobemens Lat. = 34'40.8S Sun a = 62.6* GOCCefibielibtatoft Long. = 031°11.5W Sim Azm =340.5° (Optical • Physical) 48.3s Path Math= 30.6 km Duratkin 00m44.03 Li 0.2725076 I -5.10* k2 = 0 2722310 b= 0.56" 46 • 0.0" el = 0.0" Circumstances at Greatest Dutabon:1336911LIA1T 0. -2307° Epti. • JPL DE405 La.. 43'08S Sun Alt = 0.0" &own Lun. No. - 1165 Long.= 113153W Duration. 01m22.49

Eipmak Hart WC 0 1030 9000 91100— 40. 00 9700 oclipse.gattursagOv mormairs 2014Feb 27

12 Eclipses BAAnsoisca2017BAA Handbook 2017

ECLIPSESECLIPSES

Partial Lunar Eclipse of 2017 Aug 07

Emploc Coreuncaori = I Et1 :46.3 ID = 10260 Ul ) Greales1Fdpse 11121SR0 TO 192017.7 UT) Penumbral Magnikkle = 1.2696 P. Ras = 1.2033' Canaan = 0.8668 Umbrat Magnixle = 02161 U. Radius = 0.6745' Axis= 00024° Same Sates= 119 Member 62 co103 Sualt.GroalestEelpso Sin a omelet Gits0 (Oeocettric Cocanales) (Geneva* Coon:Wades) R.A. = 031111m33.09 N R.A. = 21100m53.19 Doc n.16117261' Doc. •15°2917. i • S.D. • 00'1546.4e S.O. • 00•1S001' ItP. = 0000941/' M.P.= owsszar tlyth Ara,_ Ectocc .

E -

emirs Umbra

!sob's Penumbra

Pennine = Obh00m53s t 5:50.02 u Umbra = 011155m143 UI = 17:22:55 Ut 111= 19:1910 UT 0 15 30 45 CO AsolAnses P4 - 20.50:56 UT EST • 70s Rule = Cdf (Denim) F Espy.* MISAS OSFC Fit = VSOPR7S1P2000415 edose get nese00•4,0eae hind

60'N

30'N

Latitude 0'

30'S

GO' 9

190' W 120'W 60' W 0' BO E 120' E 1ST E Lcogkodo 2020 Apr 29

HAAlleadbook2017BAA Handbook 2017 Ed*.Eclipses 13 ECLIPSES Total Solar Eclipse of 2017 Aug 21 Orthographic Projection Map of the Eclipse Path

Greatest Eclipse: 1825:31.6 UT J. D.: 2457987.267727 Magnitude: 1.0306 Gamma: 0.4367 faros Series: 145 Member: 22 of 77 Geocentric LibtabOn (0 + P): Constants I: 4.64° 87: 68.655 b: 4.57' kl: 02724880 c: 21.90' 12: 0.2722810

External/Internal Extematrtmemai Contacts of Umbra Local Circumstances at Greatest Eclipse Contacts of Penumbra U1:16:4825.9 UT Lat.: 36°57.963'N Sun AL: 619" P1:15:46:51.2 UT U2: 16:4925.9 UT Lon.: 087°40.255W Sun km.: 197.9° P2: 18:11:56.8 UT U3: 20D129.4 UT Path Width:114.nm Duration: 2m40.2s P3: 18:39:24.7 UT U4: 203)2242 UT P4:21:04:23.3 UT Solar Eclipse Maestro • Xavier M. Jubior (hrtoliziubier.froolo) 14 EaglesEclipses BAAHanta:±2017BAA Handbook 2017 ECLIPSES

MORNING

AFTERNOON Cloud map predictions for Morning and Afternoon Aug. 21 2017

Cloud map predictions courtesy of Jay Anderson - http://eclipsophile.com/

BAA Handbook 2017 Eclipses 15 APPEARANCE OF PLANETS OF APPEARANCE APPEARANCE OF PLANETS OF APPEARANCE

16 Appearance of Planets BAA Handbook 2017 VISIBILITY OF PLANETS The diagrams on pp 18–19, drawn for latitudes N 52° and S 35° respectively, show the times for the risings and settings of the Sun and the planets. The beginning and end of astronomical twilight (Sun 18° below horizon) is also shown. The times are in Local Mean Time and are thus in GMT (= UT) for Greenwich.

Since dates change at midnight, the dates at the top differ by one day from those at the foot. Each vertical line, followed upwards, indicates the succession of phenomena in the course of one night. Thus, at latitude N 52° on the night of March 21-22, Mercury sets at 19h 35m and Venus set at 19h 35m, Mars sets at 21h 50m, Jupiter rises at 20h 20m, just as twilight ends. Uranus sets at 19h 50m, Saturn rises at 01h 55m, Neptune rises at 05h 45m. Sunrise is at 06h 00m and sunset at 18h 15m, (Timings derived from diagram to nearest 5 minutes.)

The UT of any phenomenon seen from elsewhere than Greenwich may be obtained as follows:

1. For longitudes east of Greenwich, subtract the longitude, expressed as time. For longitudes west of Greenwich, add the longitude expressed as time. (One degree of longitude represents 4 minutes.) This applies both to rising and to setting times.

2. Correct for latitude using a value for Δh from the table below. Add Δh, for setting times and subtract Δh for rising times. The correction should be obtained by interpolating in both latitude and declination.

Δh TABLE Latitude Dec. Latitude N 58° N 55° N 50° N 40° N 30° N 20° 0° S 20° S 25° S 30° S 40° S 45° m m m m m m ° m m m m m m +69 +29 –15 –70 –106 –134 29 +91 +45 +31 +17 –20 –43 +62 +26 –14 –66 –100 –127 28 +87 +43 +30 +16 –19 –41 +56 +24 –13 –62 –94 –120 27 +84 +41 +29 +15 –18 –39 +51 +22 –12 –58 –89 –114 26 +80 +39 +27 +14 –17 –37 +46 +20 –12 –54 –84 –107 25 +76 +37 +26 +14 –16 –35 +31 +14 –8 –40 –63 –81 20 +59 +29 +20 +11 –12 –26 +21 +10 –6 –28 –45 –58 15 +43 +21 +15 +8 –9 –19 +13 +6 –4 –18 –29 –37 10 +28 +14 +10 +5 –6 –12 +6 +3 –2 –9 –14 –18 5 +14 +7 +5 +2 –3 –6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

If Dec. is negative, reverse the sign of Δh.

BAA Handbook 2017 Visibility of Planets 17 RISING AND SETTING OF PLANETS OF SETTING AND RISING

18 Visibility of Planets BAA Handbook 2017 RISING AND SETTING OF PLANETS OF SETTING AND RISING

BAA Handbook 2017 Visibility of Planets 19 PLANETS The ephemerides of all the planets (except the dwarf planets and the minor planets), and also the diagrams for Uranus and Neptune, are referred to the apparent equinox, so that the RA and Dec. required for setting on the telescope are obtained directly from the ephemeris. For the minor planets and comets, astrometric ephemerides referred to the equinox of 2000.0 are given. Thus they are directly comparable with star catalogues and atlases referred to this epoch; however, precession should be applied to their positions before setting on a telescope. The magnitudes given are visual. For the minor planets, it should be noted that photographic magnitudes are fainter by about 0.7. The Sky Diary lists other phenomena in chronological order. Relative positions in the Diary are geocentric. Some headings in the tables are abbreviated, as follows: a = Length of semi–major axis of orbit au CM = The longitude of central meridian °

DE = Planetocentric declination of the Earth (called ‘Tilt’ in previous Handbooks) °

DS = Planetocentric declination of the Sun ° e = Eccentricity of orbit Elong. = Elongation of the planet from the Sun (where + is east and – is west) ° H = Mean absolute asteroid magnitude i = Inclination °

LS = The planetocentric longitude of the Sun, measured in the plane of the orbit from its ascending node on the Martian equator and given as a direct and exact indicator of the Martian season. The Martian Vernal

Equinox (N. Hemisphere) occurs when LS = 0°. ° M = Mean anomaly at the epoch ° V = Visual magnitude Node = Longitude of the ascending node ° P = Position angle of the axis of rotation, or of an occultation, measured eastwards from the north point of the disk ° Peri. = Argument of perihelion ° Ph. = Phase, the fraction of the disk area that is illuminated Q = Position angle of the point of greatest defect of illumination. The position angle of the line of cusps is Q±90°. ° r = Heliocentric distance au U = Uncertainty code Δ = Distance from Earth au

λ☉ = Solar longitude ° Longitudes of central meridians refer to the geometric disks.

20 Planets BAA Handbook 2017 ELEMENTS OF PLANETARY ORBITS

KEPLERIAN ELEMENTS FOR THE EPOCH 2017 JAN. 0.5 TT

Mean Longitude Mean Longitude Mean Longitude Inclination at the of the of the to the Mean Planet Epoch Perihelion Ascending Node Ecliptic Eccentricity Distance L ϖ Ω i e a º º º º au Mercury 103.866 77.721 48.533 7.005 0.20564 0.387 Venus 50.647 131.802 76.833 3.395 0.00676 0.723 Earth 100.844 103.230 - - 0.01670 1.000 Mars 9.652 336.373 49.689 1.850 0.09342 1.524 Jupiter 190.544 14.605 100.638 1.302 0.04853 5.203 Saturn 258.083 93.391 113.815 2.488 0.05549 9.555 Uranus 27.135 173.258 74.095 0.773 0.04638 19.218 Neptune 341.730 48.363 131.971 1.768 0.00946 30.110

Keplerian elements are referred to the mean ecliptic and adjusted for best fit. The elements can be used for the determination of approximate positions of the planets according to Standish, E.M. and Williams, J.G.: http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/txt/aprx_pos_planets.pdf

Sidereal Mean Mean Perihelion Aphelion Mean Daily Sidereal Synodic Orbital Distance Distance Motion Period Period Velocity q Q n P au au ° d d km/s Mercury 0.30750 0.46670 4.09234 87.9681 115.88 47.87 Venus 0.71844 0.72822 1.60214 224.697 583.91 35.02 Earth 0.98330 1.0167 0.98561 365.253 - 29.78 Mars 1.3813 1.6660 0.52404 686.963 779.94 24.13 Jupiter 4.9502 5.4551 0.08306 4334.35 398.87 13.06 Saturn 9.0247 10.085 0.03337 10787.8 378.05 9.64 Uranus 18.327 20.110 0.01170 30773.0 369.64 6.79 Neptune 29.826 30.395 0.00597 60348.7 367.48 5.43

BAA Handbook 2017 Elements of Planetary Orbits 21 MERCURY Morning Apparition Greatest Elongation W Superior Conjunction Jan. 19 (24°) Mar. 7 May 17 (26°) Jun. 21 Sep. 12 (18°) Oct. 8 When best seen: Northern Hemisphere:January, September Southern Hemisphere: Jan. to mid Feb., Late Apr. to mid June 2017 RA Dec V Diam Ph. Elong. CM Δ h m ° ' " ° ° au Jan. 2 18 9.2 –20 16 2.4 9.6 0.077 –10 211 0.694 7 17 55.7 –20 19 0.7 8.7 0.261 –18 245 0.768 12 17 58.8 –20 54 0.1 7.7 0.442 –22 275 0.865 17 18 13.5 –21 39 –0.1 6.9 0.581 –24 302 0.964 22 18 35.4 –22 15 –0.2 6.3 0.682 –24 328 1.055 27 19 1.6 –22 30 –0.2 5.9 0.755 –23 352 1.135 Feb. 1 19 30.5 –22 19 –0.2 5.6 0.811 –21 16 1.203 6 20 1.1 –21 38 –0.2 5.3 0.855 –19 40 1.261 11 20 32.7 –20 25 –0.3 5.1 0.891 –17 63 1.307 16 21 5.2 –18 39 –0.5 5.0 0.922 –14 86 1.343 21 21 38.2 –16 19 –0.7 4.9 0.950 –11 108 1.368 26 22 11.7 –13 26 –1.0 4.8 0.974 –8 130 1.380 Mar. 3 22 45.7 –9 59 –1.4 4.8 0.992 –4 152 1.378 Apr. 22 1 46.5 +12 16 5.3 11.7 0.004 –3 49 0.569 27 1 36.8 +9 50 3.5 11.6 0.046 –11 83 0.576 May 2 1 32.6 +8 02 2.2 11.0 0.121 –17 115 0.610 7 1 35.2 +7 15 1.5 10.1 0.209 –22 146 0.663 12 1 44.3 +7 29 1.0 9.2 0.297 –25 174 0.730 17 1 59.2 +8 36 0.6 8.3 0.384 –26 201 0.806 22 2 18.9 +10 24 0.3 7.5 0.471 –25 227 0.890 27 2 43.2 +12 44 0.0 6.8 0.562 –24 251 0.978 Jun. 1 3 12.1 +15 24 –0.3 6.2 0.659 –21 274 1.069 6 3 45.8 +18 13 –0.7 5.8 0.765 –17 296 1.157 11 4 24.7 +20 54 –1.1 5.4 0.873 –12 317 1.237 16 5 8.6 +23 07 –1.6 5.2 0.961 –7 338 1.296 21 5 56.0 +24 26 –2.2 5.0 0.999 –1 357 1.323 Aug. 30 10 7.6 +7 46 3.9 10.3 0.026 –6 5 0.650 Sep. 4 10 0.0 +10 02 1.9 9.2 0.130 –13 38 0.727 9 10 5.1 +11 14 0.4 7.9 0.315 –17 68 0.844 14 10 23.1 +10 52 –0.5 6.8 0.538 –18 94 0.981 19 10 50.6 +9 00 –1.0 6.0 0.741 –16 118 1.117 24 11 22.7 +6 01 –1.2 5.4 0.882 –12 140 1.232 29 11 56.0 +2 24 –1.3 5.1 0.959 –8 162 1.317 Oct. 4 12 28.8 –1 27 –1.4 4.9 0.991 –4 184 1.375 Dec. 18 16 57.3 –19 52 2.0 9.4 0.104 –11 216 0.714 23 16 47.9 –19 26 0.4 8.3 0.311 –18 249 0.804 28 16 54.8 –20 03 –0.1 7.3 0.501 –22 278 0.913 22 Mercury BAA Handbook 2017 MERCURY Evening Apparition Greatest Elongation E Inferior Conjunction Apr. 1 (19°) Apr. 20 Jul. 30 (27°) Aug. 26 Nov. 24 (22°) Dec. 13 When best seen: Northern Hemisphere: mid-March to mid-April Southern Hemisphere: Early Jul. to mid Aug.,Late Oct to early Dec. 2017 RA Dec V Diam. Ph. Elong. CM Δ h m ° ' " ° ° au Jan. –3 18 36.6 –20 56 4.7 9.9 0.007 2 174 0.677 Mar. 8 23 20.2 –6 01 –1.8 4.9 0.998 1 173 1.357 13 23 55.2 –1 36 –1.6 5.1 0.978 6 194 1.313 18 0 30.0 +3 03 –1.4 5.4 0.910 11 215 1.238 23 1 3.0 +7 36 –1.1 5.9 0.776 15 236 1.133 28 1 31.5 +11 32 –0.6 6.6 0.590 18 259 1.006 Apr. 2 1 52.6 +14 24 0.1 7.7 0.391 19 284 0.873 7 2 4.0 +15 55 1.1 8.9 0.217 17 311 0.752 12 2 5.2 +15 56 2.5 10.2 0.088 12 342 0.658 17 1 57.8 +14 34 4.5 11.2 0.015 5 14 0.596 Jun. 26 6 43.9 +24 39 –1.7 5.1 0.975 5 17 1.316 Jul. 1 7 29.2 +23 44 –1.1 5.2 0.910 11 37 1.279 6 8 10.3 +21 57 –0.7 5.5 0.830 16 58 1.223 11 8 46.5 +19 34 –0.4 5.8 0.750 20 80 1.155 16 9 18.0 +16 49 –0.1 6.2 0.674 23 103 1.083 21 9 45.1 +13 54 0.1 6.6 0.602 25 127 1.008 26 10 7.7 +11 00 0.3 7.2 0.529 27 151 0.933 31 10 25.8 +8 17 0.5 7.8 0.453 27 177 0.859 Aug. 5 10 38.7 +5 57 0.7 8.5 0.370 26 203 0.788 10 10 45.6 +4 12 1.1 9.3 0.277 24 232 0.722 15 10 45.2 +3 21 1.7 10.0 0.175 19 262 0.665 20 10 36.9 +3 42 2.8 10.7 0.079 12 295 0.627 25 10 22.5 +5 19 4.4 10.8 0.016 3 330 0.618 Oct. 9 13 0.6 –5 17 –1.5 4.7 0.999 0 205 1.409 14 13 31.6 –8 57 –1.2 4.7 0.994 4 228 1.425 19 14 2.1 –12 24 –0.9 4.7 0.982 7 250 1.424 24 14 32.2 –15 33 –0.6 4.7 0.964 10 273 1.409 29 15 2.4 –18 21 –0.5 4.8 0.942 13 296 1.382 Nov. 3 15 32.6 –20 47 –0.4 5.0 0.914 15 319 1.341 8 16 2.8 –22 47 –0.3 5.2 0.877 17 342 1.287 13 16 32.8 –24 19 –0.3 5.5 0.827 19 6 1.219 18 17 1.6 –25 19 –0.3 5.9 0.758 21 30 1.137 23 17 27.6 –25 45 –0.3 6.4 0.658 22 55 1.039 28 17 47.8 –25 34 –0.2 7.2 0.513 21 81 0.928 Dec. 3 17 56.9 –24 46 0.4 8.2 0.316 18 110 0.813 8 17 48.3 –23 21 2.0 9.3 0.104 11 143 0.718 13 17 22.8 –21 27 5.1 9.9 0.002 0 180 0.678 BAA Handbook 2017 Mercury 23 VENUS Greatest elongation E : Jan. 12 (47°) Inferior Conjunction : Mar. 25 Greatest elongation W : Jun. 3 (46°)

2017 RA Dec. V Diam. Ph. Elong. Δ h m ° ' " ° au Jan. –3 21 44.1 –15 24 –4.3 20.9 0.584 46 0.799 7 22 24.7 –11 01 –4.4 23.0 0.538 47 0.725 17 23 1.7 –6 19 –4.5 25.6 0.487 47 0.651 27 23 34.6 –1 34 –4.5 28.9 0.429 46 0.577 Feb. 6 0 2.6 3 01 –4.6 33.0 0.362 44 0.505 16 0 24.1 7 06 –4.6 38.3 0.284 41 0.435 26 0 36.1 10 17 –4.6 44.8 0.196 35 0.373 Mar. 8 0 35.5 11 59 –4.5 51.9 0.104 26 0.321 18 0 20.9 11 28 –4.2 57.8 0.031 14 0.288 28 23 59.4 8 42 –4.1 59.1 0.012 –9 0.282 Apr. 7 23 43.9 5 08 –4.3 54.7 0.060 –20 0.305 17 23 42.4 2 31 –4.5 47.5 0.145 –30 0.351 27 23 54.4 1 34 –4.5 40.4 0.235 –38 0.413 May 7 0 16.3 2 07 –4.5 34.4 0.318 –42 0.484 17 0 44.8 3 48 –4.4 29.7 0.390 –45 0.561 27 1 17.7 6 15 –4.4 26.1 0.453 –46 0.640 Jun. 6 1 53.9 9 08 –4.3 23.1 0.509 –46 0.720 16 2 32.8 12 12 –4.2 20.8 0.560 –45 0.801 26 3 14.2 15 11 –4.2 18.9 0.606 –44 0.880 Jul. 6 3 58.0 17 51 –4.1 17.4 0.648 –43 0.957 16 4 44.1 19 59 –4.1 16.1 0.687 –42 1.033 26 5 32.3 21 25 –4.0 15.1 0.723 –40 1.105 Aug. 5 6 21.9 21 58 –4.0 14.2 0.757 –38 1.174 15 7 12.2 21 34 –4.0 13.4 0.789 –36 1.240 25 8 2.6 20 10 –4.0 12.8 0.818 –33 1.302 Sep. 4 8 52.3 17 49 –4.0 12.3 0.845 –31 1.360 14 9 40.9 14 37 –3.9 11.8 0.870 –29 1.414 24 10 28.3 10 44 –3.9 11.4 0.893 –26 1.463 Oct. 4 11 14.7 6 19 –3.9 11.0 0.913 –24 1.508 14 12 0.5 1 35 –3.9 10.7 0.931 –21 1.548 24 12 46.2 –3 17 –3.9 10.5 0.947 –19 1.584 Nov. 3 13 32.5 –8 05 –3.9 10.3 0.961 –16 1.615 13 14 20.0 –12 36 –3.9 10.1 0.972 –14 1.641 23 15 9.2 –16 37 –3.9 10.0 0.981 –11 1.663 Dec. 3 16 0.3 –19 55 –3.9 10.0 0.989 –9 1.681 13 16 53.3 –22 16 –3.9 9.9 0.994 –7 1.695 23 17 47.8 –23 32 –3.9 9.8 0.998 –4 1.704 33 18 42.7 –23 35 –3.9 9.8 1.000 –2 1.710

24 Venus BAA Handbook 2017 EARTH

Perihelion Jan. 04d 14h 18m (147,100,998 km, 0.983309436 au) Aphelion Jul. 03d 20h 11m (152,092,504 km, 1.016675594 au)

Equinoxes Mar. 20d 10h 30m Sep. 22d 20h 03m Solstices Jun. 21d 04h 25m Dec. 21d 16h 29m Obliquity 2000 23.43929° 2017 23.43708°

MOON

PHASES OF THE MOON

New Moon First Quarter Full Moon Last Quarter d h m d h m d h m d h m Jan 5 19 47 Jan 12 11 34 Jan 19 22 19 Jan 28 0 7 Feb 4 4 19 Feb 11 0 33 Feb 18 19 18 Feb 26 14 58 Mar 5 11 32 Mar 12 14 54 Mar 20 15 20 Mar 28 2 57 Apr 3 18 39 Apr 11 6 8 Apr 19 9 19 Apr 26 12 16 May 3 2 47 May 10 21 42 May 19 0 19 May 25 19 44 Jun 1 12 42 Jun 9 13 10 Jun 17 11 17 Jun 24 2 31 Jul 1 0 51 Jul 9 4 7 Jul 16 19 16 Jul 23 9 46 Jul 30 15 23 Aug 7 18 11 Aug 15 1 15 Aug 21 18 30 Aug 29 8 13 Sep 6 7 3 Sep 13 6 13 Sep 20 5 30 Sep 28 2 54 Oct 5 18 40 Oct 12 12 12 Oct 19 19 12 Oct 27 22 22 Nov 4 5 23 Nov 10 20 10 Nov 18 11 42 Nov 26 17 3 Dec 3 15 47 Dec 10 7 10 Dec 18 6 30 Dec 26 9 20

APSIDES

PERIGEE APOGEE Date Diam. Date Diam. Date Diam. Date Diam. d h ' " d h ' " d h ' " d h ' " Jan 10 06 32 54 Jul 21 17 33 05 Jan 22 00 29 31 Aug 2 17 30 00 Feb 6 14 32 24 Aug 18 13 32 38 Feb 18 21 30 03 Aug 30 11 30 03 Mar 3 07 32 23 Sep 13 16 32 19 Mar 18 17 30 02 Sep 27 06 30 03 Mar 30 12 32 50 Oct 9 05 32 34 Apr 15 10 29 58 Oct 25 02 30 00 Apr 27 16 33 15 Nov 6 00 33 04 May 12 19 29 55 Nov 21 18 29 55 May 26 01 33 27 Dec 4 08 33 25 Jun 8 22 29 54 Dec 19 01 29 53 Jun 23 10 33 23 Jul 6 04 29 56

BAA Handbook 2017 Earth / Moon 25 LUNAR LIBRATION The libration data are given in two forms: as a size and position angle (P); and as the selenographic longitude and latitude of the centre of the disk. The position angle identifies the point on the edge of the disk most displaced towards the centre of the disk from its mean position and is measured from the North point of the disk (NOT the North Pole of the Moon, which usually does not coincide with the North point of the disk) anticlockwise through celestial East, as shown in Fig. 1. In Fig. 1 N, E, S and W are directions in the sky. Selenographic longitude and latitude are analogous to geographic longitude and latitude, with latitudes of +90º and –90º identifying the Moon's North and South Poles, around which the Moon rotates. Positive longitudes are in the Moon's Eastern hemisphere and negative longitudes in the Moon's Western hemisphere, as shown in Fig. 2 for the case of zero libration. For zero libration the selenographic longitude and latitude of the centre of the disk are both 0º. Note that the Eastern hemisphere (positive selenographic longitude) of the Moon in Fig. 2 roughly corresponds to the Western side (in terms of sky direction) of the disk in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 Fig. 2

Maximum Minimum Date Size P Sel Lon Sel Lat Date Size P Sel Lon Sel Lat d º º º º d º º º º Jan. 7.54 7.0 11 –3.5 6.1 Jan. 1.96 5.8 82 –5.7 –1.3 23.33 6.8 180 –0.9 –6.7 12.82 6.0 324 4.5 4.0 Feb. 4.99 6.9 357 –1.2 6.7 30.15 5.0 63 –5.0 0.3 20.11 6.9 172 –1.7 –6.7 Feb. 10.96 5.0 307 4.8 1.4 Mar. 5.03 6.9 343 1.0 6.8 27.37 5.0 45 –4.7 1.8 21.10 6.9 142 –3.9 –5.7 Mar. 11.15 4.7 293 4.7 0.0 Apr. 2.31 7.0 331 3.2 6.3 28.15 5.9 24 –4.4 3.9 22.29 7.4 62 –7.4 0.6 Apr. 8.30 5.4 279 5.2 –1.4 May 1.70 7.1 315 5.9 4.0 27.42 6.5 354 –1.0 6.5 10.16 6.7 219 2.4 –6.2 May 6.86 6.5 263 5.6 –3.4 21.49 8.3 40 –7.5 3.5 14.81 6.2 143 –3.4 –5.2 Jun. 2.69 7.6 270 6.9 –3.1 27.19 6.2 337 2.3 5.8 18.98 8.6 30 –7.0 5.1 Jun. 12.10 5.5 128 –3.7 –4.0 Jul. 1.42 8.2 256 6.5 –5.0 24.86 5.4 332 3.1 4.4 17.16 8.4 22 –5.8 6.1 Jul. 10.18 4.7 116 –3.6 –2.9 29.63 8.3 246 5.8 –5.9 23.16 4.4 328 3.1 3.1 Aug. 13.98 7.8 14 –4.2 6.5 Aug. 6.97 4.1 106 –3.5 –2.2 26.59 8.1 238 5.0 –6.4 20.14 3.7 321 3.0 2.2 Sep. 10.39 7.2 5 –2.9 6.6 Sep. 3.28 4.2 106 –3.6 –2.2 23.25 7.7 233 4.2 –6.4 16.76 3.7 312 3.4 1.6 Oct. 6.97 7.0 8 –3.4 6.1 29.96 4.5 119 –3.4 –2.9 20.47 7.5 233 4.1 –6.3 Oct. 13.89 4.6 306 4.4 1.6 Nov. 2.16 7.9 25 –6.0 5.1 26.77 4.4 128 –3.0 –3.3 16.06 7.9 242 5.2 –6.0 Nov. 8.57 5.4 321 4.0 3.6 29.79 9.1 29 –7.3 5.5 23.06 4.0 129 –2.6 –3.1 Dec. 12.68 8.9 252 6.7 –5.9 Dec. 5.73 4.7 329 2.9 3.7 27.80 9.9 29 –7.7 6.2 20.64 3.4 126 –2.3 –2.5

26 Lunar BAA Handbook 2017 MOONRISE AND MOONSET

On the four following pages are given the times (UT) of moonrise and moonset for longitude 0°, in the standard latitudes of N 52° and S 35°. Observers in most other latitudes can determine approximate times using the following method, where the times of moonrise and moonset are for the standard latitude in the same hemisphere as the observer.

The basis of the method is given in J. Br. Astron. Assoc., 86, 416 (1976).

N 52° S 35° 1. For a moonrise, R1, use the previous moonset, S0, and the following moonset, a Dec. a S2. Form m h m ° h m a = –2R1+S0+S2+8 0 00 0 0 00 2. For a moonset, S , use the previous moonrise, R , and the following moonrise, 1 0 0 21 1 0 12 R . Form 2 0 42 2 0 23 a = 2S –R –R +8m 1 0 2 1 03 3 0 35 3. Enter the table on the right with argument a and obtain the Moon’s Dec., by 1 25 4 0 46 mental interpolation, to 0.1º. 1 46 5 0 58 4. Enter the table on p.17 with this Dec. and the required latitude to obtain Δh. 2 07 6 1 10 2 29 7 1 21 5. Moonrise for required latitude = R1 – 1.04 Δh. 2 51 8 1 33 Moonset for required latitude = S1 + 1.04 Δh. The accuracy of the times so derived is ±3m. 3 13 9 1 45 3 35 10 1 57 3 58 11 2 09 The times thus found are for longitude 0º. 4 20 12 2 21 For other longitudes it is necessary to calculate the times of the previous (fol- 4 44 13 2 33 lowing) similar phenomenon at the standard latitude if the observer is east (west) 5 07 14 2 46 of Greenwich and then interpolate them to the observer’s longitude. 5 31 15 2 58 5 56 16 3 11 6 21 17 3 24 These calculations are most conveniently carried out using a spreadsheet or suit- 6 46 18 3 37 able applet. 7 12 19 3 51 Observers are referred to the BAA's Computing Section webpage for support in 7 39 20 4 04 doing these calculations: 8 07 21 4 18 8 35 22 4 32 9 05 23 4 46 http://britastro.org/computing/applets_moonrts.html 9 36 24 5 01 10 08 25 5 16 10 41 26 5 31 11 16 27 5 47 11 53 28 6 03 12 31 29 6 20 same opp sign }Dec{sign as a to a BAA Handbook 2017 Lunar 27 MOONRISE AND MOONSET MOONRISE AND MOONSET LATITUDE N 52º LATITUDE N 52º

January February March April May June July August September October November December Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Day h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m

1 09:47 19:41 09:43 22:19 08:13 21:22 08:26 ––:–– 09:00 00:03 11:25 00:41 12:37 ––:–– 14:42 ––:–– 16:09 00:05 15:59 00:40 15:47 02:55 15:06 04:17 2 10:18 20:51 10:10 23:34 08:41 22:39 09:14 00:09 10:07 00:54 12:35 01:07 13:43 00:22 15:41 00:10 16:52 00:56 16:29 01:45 16:12 04:11 15:39 05:38 3 10:45 22:02 10:38 ––:–– 09:12 23:55 10:09 01:13 11:17 01:34 13:42 01:31 14:48 00:45 16:37 00:44 17:28 01:54 16:56 02:54 16:40 05:29 16:20 06:59 4 11:11 23:15 11:09 00:50 09:47 ––:–– 11:11 02:08 12:27 02:08 14:48 01:53 15:51 01:10 17:29 01:25 18:01 02:57 17:22 04:06 17:11 06:49 17:10 08:16 5 11:37 ––:–– 11:46 02:05 10:29 01:08 12:17 02:54 13:36 02:36 15:53 02:16 16:52 01:37 18:15 02:12 18:29 04:04 17:47 05:21 17:48 08:09 18:10 09:26

6 12:04 00:29 12:30 03:17 11:18 02:16 13:27 03:31 14:44 03:01 16:57 02:39 17:50 02:08 18:55 03:06 18:55 05:14 18:13 06:37 18:32 09:27 19:20 10:24 7 12:34 01:45 13:23 04:24 12:15 03:17 14:36 04:03 15:51 03:24 17:59 03:05 18:44 02:45 19:29 04:06 19:21 06:26 18:42 07:55 19:26 10:39 20:34 11:11 8 13:08 03:03 14:24 05:23 13:18 04:09 15:45 04:30 16:56 03:47 18:59 03:34 19:34 03:28 20:00 05:11 19:46 07:40 19:15 09:13 20:29 11:40 21:50 11:48 9 13:49 04:19 15:31 06:13 14:27 04:52 16:53 04:55 18:01 04:09 19:56 04:07 20:17 04:18 20:27 06:18 20:12 08:55 19:54 10:30 21:38 12:31 23:04 12:19 10 14:38 05:32 16:43 06:55 15:37 05:29 18:00 05:18 19:05 04:34 20:49 04:46 20:55 05:14 20:52 07:28 20:42 10:11 20:41 11:43 22:50 13:12 ––:–– 12:45

11 15:36 06:39 17:55 07:30 16:48 06:00 19:06 05:41 20:06 05:01 21:36 05:31 21:27 06:15 21:17 08:40 21:16 11:27 21:36 12:48 ––:–– 13:45 00:16 13:08 12 16:43 07:35 19:06 07:59 17:58 06:27 20:10 06:05 21:05 05:31 22:17 06:23 21:56 07:20 21:42 09:52 21:56 12:41 22:39 13:44 00:03 14:13 01:26 13:30 13 17:54 08:22 20:16 08:26 19:06 06:51 21:13 06:31 22:01 06:07 22:52 07:21 22:22 08:28 22:08 11:06 22:45 13:50 23:49 14:30 01:15 14:38 02:34 13:53 14 19:06 09:01 21:24 08:50 20:13 07:15 22:14 06:59 22:51 06:48 23:23 08:23 22:47 09:38 22:39 12:21 23:43 14:52 ––:–– 15:08 02:26 15:01 03:41 14:16 15 20:18 09:33 22:29 09:13 21:18 07:38 23:12 07:32 23:36 07:36 23:51 09:29 23:11 10:49 23:15 13:36 ––:–– 15:45 01:01 15:40 03:35 15:23 04:46 14:42

16 21:28 10:00 23:33 09:37 22:22 08:03 ––:–– 08:09 ––:–– 08:30 ––:–– 10:37 23:36 12:02 23:58 14:50 00:48 16:29 02:13 16:07 04:43 15:46 05:50 15:12 17 22:36 10:25 ––:–– 10:02 23:24 08:30 00:05 08:53 00:15 09:29 00:16 11:48 ––:–– 13:17 ––:–– 15:58 02:00 17:06 03:26 16:32 05:50 16:11 06:51 15:46 18 23:41 10:48 00:36 10:30 ––:–– 09:00 00:53 09:43 00:49 10:33 00:41 13:01 00:05 14:34 00:51 16:59 03:13 17:37 04:37 16:55 06:55 16:38 07:47 16:26 19 ––:–– 11:11 01:37 11:01 00:24 09:34 01:36 10:40 01:19 11:41 01:06 14:17 00:38 15:51 01:53 17:50 04:28 18:04 05:46 17:18 07:58 17:10 08:39 17:13 20 00:45 11:34 02:35 11:38 01:20 10:14 02:14 11:42 01:46 12:52 01:33 15:36 01:17 17:05 03:03 18:33 05:41 18:29 06:55 17:42 08:58 17:47 09:24 18:06

21 01:48 12:00 03:29 12:21 02:11 11:01 02:47 12:49 02:12 14:06 02:04 16:56 02:06 18:13 04:18 19:08 06:52 18:52 08:01 18:08 09:52 18:29 10:02 19:04 22 02:49 12:29 04:20 13:12 02:58 11:54 03:17 14:00 02:38 15:23 02:41 18:14 03:05 19:11 05:34 19:37 08:02 19:16 09:06 18:38 10:41 19:18 10:35 20:06 23 03:49 13:03 05:05 14:09 03:39 12:55 03:44 15:14 03:05 16:43 03:27 19:28 04:13 19:59 06:48 20:03 09:10 19:41 10:08 19:11 11:24 20:13 11:04 21:11 24 04:46 13:43 05:45 15:13 04:16 14:01 04:11 16:32 03:35 18:04 04:22 20:32 05:27 20:38 08:01 20:28 10:15 20:09 11:05 19:51 12:00 21:13 11:29 22:18 25 05:40 14:30 06:19 16:22 04:48 15:11 04:38 17:52 04:10 19:25 05:27 21:25 06:43 21:11 09:11 20:51 11:18 20:40 11:57 20:36 12:32 22:17 11:53 23:26

26 06:28 15:24 06:51 17:34 05:18 16:25 05:08 19:13 04:52 20:42 06:38 22:08 07:58 21:38 10:19 21:15 12:18 21:15 12:44 21:27 12:59 23:23 12:16 ––:–– 27 07:11 16:24 07:19 18:49 05:46 17:42 05:41 20:35 05:43 21:50 07:53 22:42 09:11 22:03 11:25 21:41 13:13 21:57 13:24 22:25 13:25 ––:–– 12:39 00:38 28 07:48 17:30 07:46 20:05 06:13 19:00 06:19 21:52 06:43 22:47 09:07 23:11 10:21 22:26 12:29 22:10 14:03 22:45 13:59 23:27 13:48 00:32 13:04 01:51 29 08:21 18:40 06:41 20:20 07:05 23:03 07:50 23:33 10:20 23:36 11:29 22:49 13:30 22:42 14:47 23:40 14:29 ––:–– 14:12 01:44 13:34 03:08 30 08:50 19:51 07:11 21:40 07:59 ––:–– 09:02 ––:–– 11:30 23:59 12:35 23:13 14:28 23:20 15:26 ––:–– 14:57 00:33 14:38 02:59 14:09 04:27

31 09:17 21:05 07:46 22:57 10:14 00:11 13:40 23:40 15:21 15:22 01:43 14:52 05:46

28 Lunar BAA Handbook 2017 MOONRISE AND MOONSET MOONRISE AND MOONSET LATITUDE N 52º LATITUDE N 52º

31 09:17 21:05 07:46 22:57 10:14 00:11 13:40 23:40 15:21 15:22 01:43 14:52 05:46

BAA Handbook 2017 Lunar 29 MOONRISE AND MOONSET MOONRISE AND MOONSET

LATITUDE S 35º LATITUDE S 35º

1 22:19 11:15 ––:–– 11:45 23:17 10:21 00:25 11:10 01:22 11:51 02:22 13:49 02:04 14:35 02:16 16:08 02:59 17:23 03:27 17:25 05:10 17:46 06:05 17:31 2 23:19 11:54 00:21 12:21 ––:–– 11:00 01:31 12:03 02:15 12:53 02:57 14:49 02:36 15:31 02:53 17:01 03:50 18:08 04:25 18:03 06:15 18:22 07:15 18:16 3 ––:–– 12:30 01:25 13:00 00:23 11:41 02:32 13:00 03:02 13:56 03:30 15:46 03:08 16:27 03:34 17:53 04:43 18:51 05:25 18:40 07:22 19:00 08:26 19:06 4 00:21 13:06 02:31 13:41 01:29 12:25 03:28 14:00 03:43 14:57 04:02 16:42 03:41 17:21 04:18 18:42 05:40 19:30 06:27 19:15 08:31 19:43 09:36 20:02 5 01:23 13:42 03:36 14:27 02:34 13:14 04:17 15:01 04:20 15:56 04:33 17:38 04:16 18:15 05:06 19:29 06:39 20:08 07:30 19:51 09:41 20:29 10:42 21:05

6 02:27 14:19 04:41 15:17 03:37 14:08 05:02 16:02 04:54 16:54 05:05 18:32 04:55 19:08 05:58 20:14 07:40 20:43 08:36 20:28 10:50 21:22 11:42 22:11 7 03:33 14:59 05:44 16:13 04:36 15:05 05:41 17:03 05:26 17:51 05:39 19:27 05:37 19:59 06:54 20:55 08:42 21:19 09:42 21:08 11:56 22:20 12:34 23:18 8 04:40 15:43 06:43 17:14 05:30 16:06 06:17 18:02 05:58 18:47 06:16 20:20 06:23 20:47 07:51 21:33 09:45 21:54 10:50 21:51 12:57 23:22 13:20 ––:–– 9 05:48 16:32 07:36 18:17 06:18 17:08 06:51 19:00 06:30 19:43 06:56 21:12 07:12 21:33 08:50 22:09 10:49 22:31 11:58 22:39 13:51 ––:–– 14:00 00:24 10 06:54 17:27 08:24 19:20 07:02 18:10 07:24 19:57 07:03 20:38 07:39 22:03 08:05 22:16 09:50 22:44 11:55 23:11 13:03 23:32 14:39 00:26 14:35 01:28

11 07:58 18:27 09:06 20:24 07:41 19:11 07:56 20:54 07:38 21:32 08:26 22:50 09:01 22:55 10:51 23:18 13:00 23:54 14:05 ––:–– 15:20 01:30 15:08 02:29 12 08:56 19:31 09:45 21:25 08:17 20:11 08:28 21:49 08:16 22:25 09:16 23:34 09:58 23:32 11:54 23:53 14:06 ––:–– 15:02 00:29 15:58 02:33 15:40 03:29 13 09:48 20:36 10:20 22:25 08:51 21:09 09:03 22:44 08:57 23:16 10:10 ––:–– 10:57 ––:–– 12:57 ––:–– 15:09 00:43 15:53 01:30 16:32 03:35 16:12 04:26 14 10:33 21:40 10:53 23:22 09:24 22:07 09:39 23:38 09:41 ––:–– 11:06 00:15 11:56 00:07 14:02 00:31 16:09 01:36 16:38 02:33 17:05 04:35 16:45 05:23 15 11:14 22:42 11:26 ––:–– 09:56 23:03 10:18 ––:–– 10:30 00:05 12:03 00:53 12:57 00:41 15:07 01:11 17:05 02:35 17:18 03:37 17:37 05:34 17:20 06:19

16 11:50 23:42 11:58 00:19 10:30 23:58 11:00 00:30 11:21 00:51 13:03 01:30 14:00 01:16 16:13 01:56 17:54 03:37 17:55 04:40 18:09 06:32 17:57 07:15 17 12:23 ––:–– 12:32 01:14 11:04 ––:–– 11:46 01:20 12:16 01:34 14:03 02:04 15:05 01:52 17:17 02:47 18:39 04:42 18:29 05:42 18:43 07:29 18:38 08:09 18 12:56 00:40 13:07 02:08 11:42 00:52 12:36 02:08 13:13 02:14 15:06 02:39 16:11 02:30 18:17 03:43 19:19 05:46 19:02 06:42 19:19 08:25 19:22 09:01 19 13:27 01:36 13:46 03:02 12:22 01:45 13:29 02:54 14:12 02:52 16:11 03:15 17:19 03:13 19:12 04:45 19:56 06:50 19:35 07:41 19:58 09:20 20:09 09:50 20 14:00 02:30 14:28 03:54 13:06 02:37 14:26 03:36 15:13 03:29 17:19 03:53 18:26 04:02 20:01 05:50 20:30 07:53 20:09 08:40 20:40 10:14 21:00 10:37

21 14:34 03:25 15:14 04:46 13:54 03:26 15:25 04:16 16:17 04:05 18:29 04:35 19:31 04:56 20:44 06:56 21:03 08:54 20:44 09:37 21:25 11:05 21:53 11:19 22 15:10 04:18 16:04 05:35 14:46 04:14 16:27 04:55 17:23 04:41 19:39 05:22 20:30 05:57 21:23 08:02 21:37 09:53 21:21 10:33 22:14 11:53 22:48 11:58 23 15:50 05:12 16:59 06:22 15:42 04:59 17:31 05:32 18:31 05:19 20:47 06:15 21:24 07:02 21:59 09:06 22:11 10:51 22:01 11:28 23:06 12:38 23:45 12:35 24 16:34 06:04 17:57 07:07 16:41 05:42 18:37 06:09 19:42 06:00 21:50 07:14 22:10 08:10 22:33 10:08 22:47 11:48 22:44 12:20 00:00 13:19 ––:–– 13:09 25 17:23 06:55 18:58 07:49 17:43 06:22 19:46 06:47 20:53 06:46 22:46 08:18 22:52 09:17 23:06 11:08 23:25 12:43 23:31 13:10 ––:–– 13:58 00:42 13:42

26 18:15 07:44 20:01 08:29 18:47 07:01 20:56 07:28 22:03 07:37 23:36 09:25 23:29 10:21 23:40 12:06 ––:–– 13:36 ––:–– 13:57 00:56 14:34 01:41 14:14 27 19:12 08:30 21:05 09:07 19:53 07:38 22:07 08:11 23:08 08:33 ––:–– 10:31 ––:–– 11:24 ––:–– 13:03 00:06 14:27 00:21 14:41 01:53 15:08 02:42 14:48 28 20:11 09:13 22:11 09:44 21:00 08:16 23:16 08:59 ––:–– 09:35 00:19 11:36 00:03 12:24 00:14 13:58 00:51 15:16 01:14 15:21 02:53 15:42 03:45 15:24 29 21:12 09:54 22:09 08:55 ––:–– 09:52 00:07 10:39 00:57 12:38 00:36 13:22 00:51 14:52 01:40 16:02 02:10 15:59 03:54 16:16 04:51 16:04 30 22:14 10:32 23:17 09:37 00:22 10:50 00:58 11:44 01:31 13:38 01:08 14:18 01:30 15:45 02:32 16:45 03:08 16:35 04:58 16:52 05:59 16:50

31 23:17 11:09 ––:–– 10:21 01:42 12:48 01:41 15:13 02:13 16:35 04:08 17:11 07:09 17:42

30 Lunar BAA Handbook 2017 MOONRISE AND MOONSET MOONRISE AND MOONSET

LATITUDE S 35º LATITUDE S 35º

31 23:17 11:09 ––:–– 10:21 01:42 12:48 01:41 15:13 02:13 16:35 04:08 17:11 07:09 17:42

BAA Handbook 2017 Lunar 31 SUN’S SELENOGRAPHIC COLONGITUDE Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 306.5 323.4 304.1 321.7 327.7 346.2 352.9 11.7 30.4 36.4 54.1 59.2 2 318.7 335.6 316.3 333.9 339.9 358.5 5.1 24.0 42.6 48.6 66.3 71.3 3 330.8 347.8 328.5 346.1 352.1 10.7 17.3 36.2 54.8 60.8 78.4 83.4 4 343.0 360.0 340.7 358.3 4.3 22.9 29.5 48.4 67.0 72.9 90.6 95.6 5 355.2 12.1 352.8 10.5 16.5 35.1 41.7 60.6 79.1 85.1 102.7 107.7 6 7.3 24.3 5.0 22.7 28.7 47.3 53.9 72.7 91.3 97.3 114.8 119.8 7 19.5 36.4 17.2 34.9 40.9 59.5 66.1 84.9 103.5 109.4 127.0 132.0 8 31.6 48.6 29.4 47.0 53.1 71.7 78.3 97.1 115.7 121.6 139.1 144.1 9 43.8 60.7 41.5 59.2 65.3 83.9 90.5 109.3 127.8 133.7 151.3 156.2 10 55.9 72.8 53.7 71.4 77.4 96.1 102.7 121.5 140.0 145.9 163.4 168.4 11 68.0 85.0 65.8 83.6 89.6 108.3 114.9 133.7 152.2 158.1 175.6 180.6 12 80.2 97.1 78.0 95.7 101.8 120.5 127.1 145.9 164.4 170.3 187.8 192.7 13 92.3 109.2 90.1 107.9 114.0 132.6 139.3 158.1 176.6 182.4 200.0 204.9 14 104.4 121.4 102.3 120.1 126.2 144.8 151.5 170.3 188.8 194.6 212.1 217.1 15 116.5 133.5 114.4 132.2 138.4 157.1 163.7 182.5 201.0 206.8 224.3 229.2 16 128.7 145.7 126.6 144.4 150.6 169.3 175.9 194.7 213.2 219.0 236.5 241.4 17 140.8 157.8 138.7 156.6 162.8 181.5 188.2 207.0 225.4 231.2 248.7 253.6 18 152.9 170.0 150.9 168.8 175.0 193.7 200.4 219.2 237.7 243.4 260.9 265.8 19 165.1 182.1 163.1 181.0 187.2 205.9 212.6 231.4 249.9 255.7 273.1 278.0 20 177.2 194.3 175.2 193.2 199.4 218.2 224.9 243.7 262.1 267.9 285.3 290.2 21 189.4 206.5 187.4 205.4 211.6 230.4 237.1 255.9 274.4 280.1 297.5 302.4 22 201.6 218.7 199.6 217.6 223.8 242.7 249.3 268.2 286.6 292.3 309.7 314.6 23 213.8 230.9 211.8 229.8 236.1 254.9 261.6 280.4 298.8 304.5 321.9 326.7 24 225.9 243.1 224.0 242.0 248.3 267.2 273.9 292.6 311.0 316.7 334.1 338.9 25 238.1 255.3 236.2 254.3 260.6 279.4 286.1 304.9 323.3 328.9 346.3 351.1 26 250.3 267.5 248.4 266.5 272.8 291.7 298.4 317.1 335.5 341.1 358.4 3.2 27 262.5 279.7 260.7 278.7 285.1 303.9 310.6 329.3 347.7 353.3 10.6 15.4 28 274.7 291.9 272.9 291.0 297.3 316.2 322.8 341.6 359.9 5.5 22.7 27.5 29 286.9 285.1 303.2 309.6 328.4 335.1 353.8 12.1 17.6 34.9 39.7 30 299.1 297.3 315.4 321.8 340.6 347.3 6.0 24.3 29.8 47.0 51.8 31 311.3 309.5 334.0 359.5 18.2 42.0 63.9

The Sun’s selenographic colongitude is numerically equal to the selenographic longitude of the morning terminator, measured towards celestial East from the mean centre of the disk. Its value is approximately 270° at New Moon, 0° at First Quarter, 90° at Full Moon, and 180° at Last Quarter, and should be quoted on observations. The IAU longitude of the visible morning or evening terminator, as appropriate, can be obtained from the Sun’s selenographic colongitude S as follows:

Terminator S Longitude (IAU) New Moon to First Quarter Morning 270° to 360° 360°–S East First Quarter to Full Moon Morning 0° to 90° S West Full Moon to Last Quarter Evening 90° to 180° 180°–S East Last Quarter to New Moon Evening 180° to 270° S–180° West The hourly increase in S may be taken as 0.5°

32 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2017 LUNAR OCCULTATIONS Except near new and full Moon, occultations of all stars down to magnitude 6.0, visible from the three pairs of stations whose co–ordinates are tabulated below, are given in the following lists. ZC numbers refer to the Zodiacal Catalog (Astron. Papers of the American Ephemeris, X, part II, 1940). Long. (λ) Lat. (φ) Long. (λ) Lat. (φ) ° ° ° ° Greenwich 0.0 +51.5 Edinburgh –3.2 +56.0 Sydney +151.2 –33.9 Melbourne +145.1 –37.9 Dunedin +170.5 –45.9 Wellington +174.8 –41.3

Phase (Ph.). The first letter indicates whether disappearance (D) or reappearance (R). The second letter indicates whether the limb is dark (D) or bright (B). Column 7 gives the percentage Illumination of the Moon. CA is the cusp angle of the star, measured to the celestial east (anticlockwise) from the northernmost point of the Moon’s limb. The time (T) of occultation at a place Δλ degrees east and Δφ degrees north of one of the stations for which a prediction is given may be found from: T = predicted time + a Δλ + b Δφ for which the coefficients a and b are given in the table in minutes. If the observer is west of the station, Δλ is taken as negative: similarly Δφ is negative if the observer is south of the station. For distances up to 500 km the error will not usually exceed 2 minutes. If the observer is at a place between two standard stations, for both of which the coefficients a and b are given, a better result can be obtained by using the values of a and b for a latitude midway between that of the observer and the nearer station. If φ1, a1, b1 apply to this station, and (φ2, a2,b2 to the more distant, and φ is the latitude of the observer, then

Observers should note that these calculations are prone to error propagation and are best done using a spreadsheet or appropriate app. Suitable support is available on the BAA website.

Notes: Predictions have been prepared using Occult 4 software.

For stars not identified by a Greek letter, Flamsteed number or variable star designation, the HIP catalogue number is provided.

When an occultation is given for one station of a pair, but not the other, the exclusion indicates the event is probably not observable at that station due to a miss, Moon elevation too low, sky too bright, or the event occurs on the bright limb. Observability is determined by a sophisticated algorithm in ‘Occult 4’.

A more detailed list of occultations is printed monthly in the Lunar Section Circulars, available on the BAA web site. Alternatively, keen observers may like to download Occult to generate predictions for their site, from:

http://www.lunar-occultations.com/iota/occult4.htm (free for non–commercial use).

Further links can be found on the Internet Resources Page.

Note : p.35 * - γ Vir is a binary AB 3.5. 3.5 PA 001.3, Sep 2.6" (2017) BAA Handbook 2017 Lunar Occultations 33 LUNARLunar OCCULTATIONS Occultations GREENWICH EDINBURGH E 0.0º N 51.5º W 3.2º N 56.0º Date Star V Ph. Ill. of ZC Name Moon UT a b CA UT a b CA º h m m/º m/º º h m m/º m/º º

Jan. 7 405 μ Cet 4.3 DD +71 15 48.6 +0.6 +1.7 87S 15 54.7 +0.4 +1.8 85N 9 741 HIP 23043 5.5 DD +91 22 52.9 +1.3 +0.6 72N 22 53.1 +1.2 +1.3 55N 10 878 130 Tau 5.5 DD +96 17 0.5 +0.5 +0.4 35S 17 2.8 +0.3 +1.0 49S 21 2128 13 Lib 5.8 RD –38 3 6.4 –0.2 –1.8 27N 30 3388 83 Aqr 5.5 DD +8 19 37.8 +0.3 –1.8 62S 19 29.8 +0.3 –1.4 78S Feb. 2 249 ν Psc 4.5 DD +34 19 2.8 +1.1 –0.1 82N 19 0.1 +0.9 +0.3 67N 3 405 μ Cet 4.3 DD +47 23 34.7 +0.0 –1.6 66S 23 27.4 +0.2 –1.4 78S 4 508 5 Tau 4.1 DD +56 18 3.2 +1.7 –0.2 63S 17 59.3 +1.3 +0.5 78S 5 661 71 Tau 4.5 DD +67 16 32.9 +1.1 +1.0 73S 16 35.5 +0.8 +1.4 85S 5 669 θ1 Tau 3.8 DD +68 17 50.1 +1.0 +1.8 66N 17 56.1 +0.7 +2.2 51N 5 671 θ2 Tau 3.4 DD +68 17 47.4 +1.2 +1.2 86N 17 50.2 +0.9 +1.6 73N 5 675 80 Tau 5.6 DD +68 18 44.5 +1.8 –2.0 31S 5 677 HIP 21029 4.8 DD +68 19 10.1 +1.0 +2.9 37N 5 678 81 Tau 5.5 DD +68 18 56.6 +1.6 –1.3 40S 5 699 89 Tau 5.8 DD +69 23 6.0 +0.5 –3.7 29S 22 50.5 +0.7 –2.4 47S 7 878 130 Tau 5.5 DD +81 3 4.1 –0.3 –1.8 57S 2 56.7 –0.1 –1.8 64S 8 1158 74 Gem 5.0 DD +95 23 0.0 +1.7 +1.1 56N 23 2.1 +1.6 +2.4 38N Mar. 4 635 γ Tau 3.7 DD +42 20 47.8 +1.0 –0.4 71N 20 44.0 +0.9 +0.1 57N 4 661 71 Tau 4.5 DD +44 23 42.7 –0.1 –1.6 69S 23 35.5 +0.0 –1.6 78S 5 669 θ1 Tau 3.8 DD +44 0 46.7 +0.1 +0.1 42N 0 47.7 +0.4 +0.8 27N 5 671 θ2 Tau 3.4 DD +44 0 40.8 –0.1 –0.7 67N 0 38.1 +0.0 –0.6 58N 5 675 80 Tau 5.6 DD +44 1 7.8 –0.4 –1.6 63S 5 806 111 Tau 5.0 DD +55 23 28.7 +0.1 –2.2 56S 23 18.8 +0.3 –2.0 66S 6 820 117 Tau 5.8 DD +56 1 7.0 –1.0 –4.2 15S 14 1924 66 Vir 5.8 RD –94 22 3.0 +0.5 +0.4 68N 22 3.0 +0.3 +0.2 56N 15 1941 74 Vir 4.7 RD –94 3 18.0 +1.8 –0.4 59S 3 10.9 +1.6 –0.3 64S 19 2399 24 Oph 4.9 RD –64 1 46.0 +1.0 +1.3 86S 1 49.1 +0.8 +1.3 87N Apr. 3 944 124 Ori 5.9 DD +41 1 15.2 –0.7 –2.0 38S 14 2223 γ Lib 3.9 RD –93 0 54.0 +1.3 +0.0 64N 0 50.6 +1.0 +0.1 60N 19 2902 57 Sgr 5.9 RD –52 4 30.2 +1.6 +1.9 44S 4 33.3 +1.3 +1.6 50S 28 692 Aldebaran 0.9 DD +7 18 11.7 +0.7 –0.6 62N 18 7.5 +0.8 –0.2 49N 28 692 Aldebaran 0.9 RB +8 19 7.0 +0.2 –1.8 –74N 18 57.2 +0.2 –2.2 –63N May 1 1158 74 Gem 5.0 DD +35 17 15.9 +1.3 –1.9 55S 17 5.5 +1.2 –1.0 69S 4 1439 18 Leo 5.7 DD +60 0 57.9 –0.3 –2.2 50S 0 48.7 –0.1 –2.1 55S 4 1550 49 Leo 5.6 DD +69 23 20.2 +0.6 –2.0 78S 23 9.5 +0.6 –1.9 82S 17 2981 π Cap 5.1 RD –68 3 49.9 +0.5 +5.6 11S 21 3526 27 Psc 4.9 RD –26 8 44.3 +1.6 –0.4 64N 8 36.7 +1.6 –0.6 49N Jun. 3 1821 γ Vir 2.8 DD +72 18 46.3 +1.4 +0.0 87N 18 42.9 +1.3 +0.4 79N 3 1821 γ Vir 2.8 RB +73 20 6.0 +1.4 –0.9 –82N 19 58.1 +1.1 –0.8 –76N 3 1825 HIP 62103 5.9 DD +73 20 11.5 +1.9 +0.0 60N 8 2291 49 Lib 5.5 DD +98 2 30.5 +1.2 –2.7 54S 2 16.1 +1.0 –2.1 62S 15 3206 μ Cap 5.1 RD –73 3 24.4 +1.9 –0.1 44N 3 18.1 +1.7 +0.0 34N 22 692 Aldebaran 0.9 DB –4 15 18.7 +0.5 –0.8 –89N 15 13.8 +0.6 –0.6 –78N 22 692 Aldebaran 0.9 RD –4 16 12.4 +0.0 –1.6 56N 16 4.2 +0.1 –2.0 46N Jul. 14 3421 χ Aqr 4.9 RD –78 0 47.6 +1.1 +1.4 73N 0 50.9 +0.9 +1.4 67N 25 Mercury 0.2 DD +5 7 33.8 +0.7 –2.8 29S 7 29.2 +0.1 +0.0 54S 25 Mercury 0.2 RB +5 7 53.5 –0.6 +5.5 –9S 8 10.5 –0.1 +2.8 –34S Aug. 5 2734 29 Sgr 5.2 DD +93 1 2.0 +1.4 –2.2 54S 0 49.1 +1.2 –1.7 65S 34 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2017 LUNARLunar OCCULTATIONS Occultations GREENWICH EDINBURGH E 0.0º N 51.5º W 3.2º N 56.0º Date Star V Ph. Ill. of ZC Name Moon UT a b CA UT a b CA ° h m m/° m/° ° h m m/° m/° °

Aug. 13 364 ξ2 Cet 4.3 RD –62 23 54.9 +0.3 +1.5 71N 0 0.7 +0.3 +1.5 64N 15 508 5 Tau 4.1 RD –49 3 49.9 +1.3 +1.0 77N 3 50.1 +1.2 +0.8 64N 15 640 58 Tau 5.3 RD –39 23 53.3 –0.6 +2.4 29S 24 4.6 –0.5 +2.0 40S 16 661 71 Tau 4.5 RD –38 2 35.4 +0.3 +1.9 69S 2 42.7 +0.3 +1.8 79S 16 669 θ1 Tau 3.8 RD –37 3 44.9 +1.0 +1.1 72N 3 46.2 +1.0 +0.9 59N 16 671 θ2 Tau 3.4 RD –37 3 46.9 +0.8 +1.5 87S 3 50.8 +0.8 +1.3 81N 16 675 80 Tau 5.6 RD –37 4 5.0 –0.3 +4.2 17S 16 677 HIP21029 4.8 RD –37 4 41.8 +1.6 –0.1 49N 4 32.9 +2.1 –1.9 25N 16 678 81 Tau 5.5 RD –37 4 25.5 +0.1 +3.4 26S 16 692 Aldebaran 0.9 DB –36 6 42.8 +1.1 +2.1 –47N 6 52.3 +0.6 +3.8 –24N 16 692 Aldebaran 0.9 RD –36 7 39.9 +1.6 –1.5 53N 7 24.9 +1.7 –3.1 30N 17 806 111 Tau 5 RD –27 1 45.5 –0.7 +2.9 21S 17 814 115 Tau 5.4 RD –26 3 5.8 +0.6 +0.9 59N 3 7.3 +0.7 +0.7 45N 24 1821 γ Vir * 2.8 DD 11 20 2.1 +0.1 –2.1 59S 19 52.2 +0.2 –2.0 64S Sep. 10 364 ξ2 Cet 4.3 RD –82 6 56.2 +0.5 +2.5 22S 12 635 γ Tau 3.7 RD –62 6 49.4 +1.3 +0.1 69S 6 44.9 +1.2 –0.3 83S 17 1375 π Cnc 5.4 RD –10 5 4.9 +1.1 –2.8 28N 24 2223 γ Lib 3.9 DD +20 18 54.6 +0.9 –1.4 75N 18 45.5 +0.9 –1.4 70N 29 2886 56 Sgr 4.9 DD +66 19 1.6 +1.9 –0.8 39S 18 54.1 +1.5 –0.2 46S Oct. 3 3421 χ Aqr 4.9 DD +96 22 11.6 +1.4 +0.7 87S 22 11.1 +1.1 +0.8 84N 10 741 HIP23043 5.5 RD –76 3 16.3 +1.1 +2.3 39S 3 20.8 +1.1 +1.4 56S 14 1337 ο2 Cnc 5.7 RD –31 3 52.7 +0.7 +2.2 51S 3 59.1 +0.7 +1.7 67S 15 1466 ν Leo 5.3 RD –21 6 35.5 +1.2 –0.8 63N 6 27.6 +0.9 –1.3 48N Nov. 5 635 γ Tau 3.7 RD –96 19 47.0 +0.0 +1.7 61S 19 54.5 +0.0 +1.6 69S 5 667 75 Tau 5.0 RD –95 23 48.5 +1.3 +0.7 88S 23 47.3 +1.2 +0.5 78N 5 669 θ1 Tau 3.8 RD –95 23 24.2 +0.0 +3.9 7S 6 677 HIP21029 4.8 RD –95 0 32.3 +0.7 +3.1 20S 0 40.3 +0.9 +1.9 39S 6 692 Aldebaran 0.9 DB –95 2 39.1 +1.6 –2.5 –53S 2 27 +1.3 –1.0 –72S 6 692 Aldebaran 0.9 RD –95 3 24.3 +1.2 +1.9 26S 3 25.8 +1.1 +0.7 45S 6 814 115 Tau 5.4 RD –89 21 53.1 –0.2 +2.7 25S 7 832 119 Tau 4.3 RD –89 0 22.7 +1.3 +0.4 78N 0 19.7 +1.3 +0.0 61N 7 836 120 Tau 5.7 RD –88 1 3.1 +1.3 +0.9 79S 1 2.5 +1.2 +0.6 86N 9 1175 81 Gem 4.9 RD –68 5 1.4 +1.5 –0.4 82S 4 54.9 +1.2 –0.6 86N 13 1644 σ Leo 4.1 RD –26 1 35.3 –0.4 +4.8 14S 1 50.5 –0.1 +2.5 39S 25 3181 45 Cap 6.0 DD +41 20 12.9 +0.7 –0.2 67N 20 10.8 +0.5 +0.1 53N 30 170 33 Cet 6.0 DD +82 0 23.7 +0.3 +2.0 36N Dec. 2 462 HIP14764 6.0 DD +96 4 17.1 +0.1 –1.4 62S 4 10.9 +0.2 –1.2 73S 5 947 71 Ori 5.2 RD –97 3 19.1 +1.4 +1.2 30S 3 17.8 +1.2 +0.3 45S 6 1236 ζ Cnc 5.1 RD –84 22 14.8 –0.2 +3.4 19S 8 1487 Regulus 1.4 RD –64 22 13.5 –0.3 +1.6 58S 22 20.8 –0.2 +1.3 72S 11 1749 10 Vir 6.0 RD –39 8 20.3 +1.5 –0.5 58S 23 3268 42 Aqr 5.3 DD +25 18 48.2 +0.8 –0.3 72N 18 45.5 +0.6 +0.0 58N 28 364 ξ2 Cet 4.3 DD +75 19 22.2 +1.5 +0.5 75S 19 21.4 +1.2 +0.9 88S 29 508 5 Tau 4.1 DD +85 23 3.2 +1.6 –4.4 22S 22 46.3 +1.3 –1.8 46S 30 635 γ Tau 3.7 DD +92 17 5.7 +0.4 +1.4 69S 17 11.1 +0.3 +1.6 78S 30 667 75 Tau 5.0 DD +92 21 20.0 +1.3 +0.8 89S 21 20.7 +1.0 +1.2 77N 30 677 HIP 21029 4.8 DD +93 22 46.9 +2.4 –9.2 7S 22 26.3 +1.5 –1.6 39S 31 692 Aldebaran 0.9 DD +93 1 13.9 +0.7 –2.7 36S 1 1.4 +0.8 –1.8 52S 31 692 Aldebaran 0.9 RB +93 1 59.3 +0.9 +0.4 –55S 1 56.8 +0.7 –0.3 –70S 31 832 119 Tau 4.3 DD +98 21 25.4 +1.3 +0.7 75S 21 26.1 +1.0 +1.2 89S 31 836 120 Tau 5.7 DD +98 22 6.6 +1.5 –0.4 52S 22 2.4 +1.2 +0.4 67S BAA Handbook 2017 Lunar Occultations 35 LUNARLunar OCCULTATIONS Occultations SYDNEY MELBOURNE E 151.2º S 33.9º E 145.1º S 37.9º Date Star V Ph. Ill. of ZC Name Moon UT a b CA UT a b CA ° h m m/° m/° ° h m m/° m/° °

Jan. 4 3505 20 Psc 5.5 DD +34 10 5.6 +1.4 +1.0 64S 9 52.3 +1.7 +0.9 61S 6 219 μ Psc 4.8 DD +56 8 18.9 +1.0 +2.6 41N 8 3.7 +0.9 +2.2 43N

Feb. 6 764 104 Tau 4.9 DD +75 10 3.4 +2.1 +0.8 71N 9 48.9 +1.9 +0.3 76N 7 940 68 Ori 5.8 DD +85 12 25.2 +2.4 +2.1 50N 12 5.5 +2.1 +1.1 63N 9 1236 ζ Cnc 5.1 DD +97 12 20.9 +1.2 –5.2 14S 11 1487 Regulus 1.4 DB –100 13 37.4 +2.3 –0.6 –77N 13 28.2 +1.9 –1.1 –89S 11 1487 Regulus 1.4 RD –100 14 58.3 +1.7 –1.3 65N 14 51.2 +1.9 –0.8 81N 12 1609 χ Leo 4.6 RD –97 18 5.6 +2.0 +1.6 59S 17 35.4 +6.0 +8.9 20S 17 2141 18 Lib 5.9 RD –61 13 25.8 +0.3 –0.8 62S 13 27.1 +0.2 –0.5 47S 21 2686 HIP 90896 5.1 RD –22 22 41.8 +2.8 –5.1 30N 22 39.6 +2.4 –2.3 51N 22 2826 ρ Sgr 3.9 RD –15 20 46.2 +0.8 –5.3 25N

Mar. 9 1337 ο2 Cnc 5.7 DD +90 16 8.9 +0.2 –0.3 61S 16 11.2 –0.1 –1.3 37S

Apr. 8 1644 σ Leo 4.1 DD +93 16 48.7 +0.4 +0.2 89S 16 46.2 +0.5 –0.4 70S 9 1749 10 Vir 6.0 DD +97 16 57.1 +0.7 –0.2 85S 16 55.3 +0.6 –1.0 65S 17 2680 HIP 90687 5.6 RD –67 12 55.2 +0.3 –0.6 76S 12 54.7 +0.3 +0.0 56S 17 2686 HIP 90896 5.1 RD –67 13 24.5 –0.5 –2.8 31N 18 2828 45 Sgr 5.8 RD –58 13 20.8 +0.2 –0.4 74S 13 20.1 +0.2 +0.2 54S 23 3514 24 Psc 5.9 RD –10 18 44.2 +0.3 +2.3 42S

May 4 1487 Regulus 1.4 DD +64 10 13.5 +1.7 –0.8 74S 10 8.8 +1.4 –1.6 55S 4 1487 Regulus 1.4 RB +64 11 34.8 +1.6 +0.3 –85S 11 20.7 +2.2 +1.0 –64S 5 1609 χ Leo 4.6 DD +74 14 36.7 +0.0 –2.0 40S 14 2658 Y Sgr 5.8 RD –87 16 28.3 +2.4 –4.8 25N 16 27.7 +2.2 –2.4 47N jun. 8 2372 π Oph 4.3 DD +99 18 2.3 +0.7 +0.8 63N 17 54.5 +1.0 +0.6 72N

Jul. 6 2460 HIP 83854 6.0 DD +94 18 20.8 –0.1 +1.7 57N 11 3108 29 Cap 5.3 RD –94 14 10.8 +1.6 +5.4 31S 12 3253 38 Aqr 5.4 RD –88 17 51.6 +1.6 +2.2 66S 17 33.1 +1.6 +2.2 63S 14 3514 24 Psc 5.9 RD –71 19 33.9 +2.5 +0.4 65N 19 17.4 +2.5 +0.2 66N 19 650 63 Tau 5.6 RD –18 18 8.6 +0.3 +0.1 64S 18 6.9 +0.0 +0.2 58S

36 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2017 LUNARLunar OCCULTATIONS Occultations SYDNEY MELBOURNE E 151.2º S 33.9º E 145.1º S 37.9º Date Star V Ph. Ill. of ZC Name Moon UT a b CA UT a b CA º h m m/º m/º º h m m/º m/º º

Aug. 4 2658 Y Sgr 5.8 DD +90 10 26.4 +2.8 +3.1 36N 4 2680 HIP 90687 5.6 DD +91 16 36.5 –0.6 +4.6 17N 5 2814 43 Sgr 4.9 DD +95 13 52.6 +2.5 –0.3 72S 13 39.7 +2.6 –1.1 62S 13 322 64 Cet 5.6 RD –65 16 42.6 +2.0 –0.7 73N 16 34.6 +1.6 –0.8 77N 13 327 ξ1 Cet 4.4 RD –64 17 51.0 +2.8 –0.9 60N 17 39.4 +2.3 –1.1 62N 16 764 104 Tau 4.9 RD –30 19 35.9 +1.6 +0.1 72S 19 27.3 +1.2 –0.1 69S 30 2495 HIP 84792 6.0 DD +61 14 47.3 –0.8 +3.5 26N 14 38.1 –0.4 +3.0 35N

Sep. 7 3535 29 Psc 5.1 RD –98 9 49.1 +0.4 +1.1 45S 13 888 HIP 27747 6.0 RD –43 19 52.6 +2.2 +0.1 81S 19 39.8 +1.9 –0.1 76S 18 Venus –3.9 DB –6 0 48.8 +1.9 –1.2 –72S 0 44.5 +1.5 –1.9 –53S 18 Venus –3.9 RD –6 2 17.2 +1.9 +0.5 79S 2 0.3 +2.6 +1.2 58S 29 2814 43 Sgr 4.9 DD +61 3 55.8 +0.5 –1.4 74S 4 0.8 +0.1 –2.0 56S 29 2865 HIP 96496 5.7 DD +64 16 0.0 –0.4 +1.4 79N

Oct. 4 3514 24 Psc 5.9 DD +98 16 13.0 +1.1 +1.6 78S 15 59.2 +1.4 +1.5 76S 11 995 ν Gem 4.1 RD –60 14 45.1 +0.7 –0.8 78S 14 45.3 +0.4 –0.8 74S 13 1275 θ Cnc 5.3 RD –36 16 29.4 +0.7 –1.1 78S 16 30.4 +0.4 –1.1 73S 23 2372 φ Oph 4.3 DD +11 5 59.7 +2.4 +2.7 57N 5 37.2 +2.5 +1.0 77N 26 2791 V4024 Sgr 5.6 DD +35 9 59.6 +1.5 +0.9 78S 9 46.4 +1.8 +0.7 73S

Nov. 8 1113 56 Gem 5.1 RD –73 19 41.5 +1.7 –0.1 75N 24 2987 ρ Cap 4.9 DD +27 7 7.7 +3.7 –3.0 35S 7 1.9 +4.6 –7.8 18S 27 3388 83 Aqr 5.5 DD +58 12 31.4 +1.0 +1.3 72S 12 19.3 +1.3 +1.3 70S

Dec. 6 1193 85 Gem 5.4 RD –87 16 58.6 +2.1 –0.3 90S 16 46.6 +2.0 –0.2 79S 9 1576 53 Leo 5.3 RD –57 16 34.0 +1.4 –1.7 86N 16 32.4 +1.2 –1.5 84S 23 3206 μ Cap 5.1 DD +21 6 37.2 +2.9 –0.1 61S 6 21.2 +2.8 –0.7 56S 28 322 64 Cet 5.6 DD +72 13 15.0 +1.2 +1.0 65S 13 3.1 +1.5 +0.8 58S 28 327 ξ1 Cet 4.4 DD +73 14 12.3 +0.7 +1.6 88N 14 1.0 +0.9 +1.5 85S 29 454 HIP 14439 5.6 DD +82 13 30.0 +1.2 +3.9 30N 13 9.7 +1.2 +2.7 41N

Note: 24* indicates the event occurs after 0h BAA Handbook 2017 Lunar Occultations 37 LUNARLunar OCCULTATIONS Occultations DUNEDIN WELLINGTON E 170.5º S 45.9º E 174.8º S 41.3º Date Star V Ph. Ill. of ZC Name Moon UT a b CA UT a b CA º h m m/º m/º º h m m/º m/º º for one of the stations on this UT date change

Jan. 4 3505 20 Psc 5.5 DD +35 10 26.6 +0.7 –0.7 19S 6 219 μ Psc 4.8 DD +56 8 28.5 +1.5 +1.1 87S 8 40.7 +1.5 +1.4 89N 7 354 ξ Ari 5.5 DD +67 8 33.6 +1.0 +1.9 43N 8 48.1 +1.0 +2.6 36N 9 653 64 Tau 4.8 DD +87 9 23.3 +1.4 +0.7 61N 9 33.9 +1.5 +1.2 55N

Feb. 4 454 HIP 14439 5.6 DD +52 8 16.8 +1.5 +1.2 76N 8 29.7 +1.5 +1.6 71N 6 764 104 Tau 4.9 DD +75 10 30.9 +1.5 +0.8 84S 10 41.9 +1.5 +1.1 87N 7 913 64 Ori 5.1 DD +83 7 54.3 +1.4 –0.5 80N 7 59.6 +1.7 –0.1 74N 7 940 68 Ori 5.8 DD +85 12 39.0 +1.3 +1.7 65N 12 54.5 +1.5 2.5 49N 9 1236 ζ Cnc 5.1 DD +97 13 +2.2 +0.4 –2.1 22S 11 1487 Regulus 1.4 DB –100 14 19.3 +1.7 +0.3 –81N 14 30.1 +2.1 +1.0 –64N 11 1487 Regulus 1.4 RD –100 15 32.2 +1.0 –0.1 70N 15 34.0 +0.7 –0.8 52N 17 2141 18 Lib 5.9 RD –61 13 50.0 +1.2 –0.8 52S 13 50.4 +1.2 –1.2 68S 21 2686 HIP 90896 5.1 RD –22 23 33.9 +1.4 +1.2 89S 23 44.7 +1.4 +0.8 81N 22 2826 ρ Sgr 3.9 RD –14 21 56.4 +2.1 –1.2 59N 21 57.7 +2.6 –2.8 41N 24 3066 DV Aqr 6.0 RD –4 16 42.5 –0.4 –2.1 48N 16 28.4 –0.8 –3.4 24N

Mar. 8 1175 81 Gem 4.9 DD +80 8 24.7 +1.7 –2.9 29S 17 2198 HIP 75352 5.7 RD –78 10 26.6 –0.2 –2.2 50N 10 14.5 –0.4 –2.6 37N

Apr 1 653 64 Tau 4.8 DD +22 4 16.3 +1.5 +1.6 40N 17 2680 HIP 90687 5.6 RD –67 13 14.7 +1.1 –0.3 61S 13 16.9 +1.1 –0.8 79S 17 2686 HIP 90896 5.1 RD –67 13 46.8 +0.2 –3.7 28N 18 2828 45 Sgr 5.8 RD –58 13 34.5 +1.0 +0.1 55S 13 37.3 +0.9 –0.6 75S 22 3353 λ Aqr 3.7 RD –18 15 52.2 +0.1 –1.4 67N 15 45.4 +0.2 –1.9 50N 29 764 104 Tau 4.9 DD +11 6 37.5 +0.4 –0.5 37S 30 915 χ2 Ori 4.6 DD +19 3 +9.6 +1.6 +0.9 41N 30 940 68 Ori 5.8 DD +20 7 22.3 +0.6 +0 47S 7 26.2 +0.7 +0.4 63S

May 4 1487 Regulus 1.4 DD +64 10 42.7 +0.8 –0.1 68S 10 47.1 +1.0 0.4 86S 4 1487 Regulus 1.4 RB +64 11 47.9 +0.8 +1.3 –72S 11 55.3 +0.5 +0.6 –90N 13 2495 HIP 84792 6.0 RD –94 10 4.5 +0.3 –2.1 55N 9 55.1 +0.2 –2.5 40N 14 2658 Y Sgr 5.8 RD –87 17 27.3 +1.7 +0.8 79N 17 37.6 +1.8 +0.4 68N 23 327 ξ1 Cet 4.4 RD –6 18 21.3 0.0 +1.1 46S 18 25.7 +0.3 +0.6 61S 31 1434 ψ Leo 5.4 DD +36 4 52.5 +1.4 –1.5 59S 4 53.0 +1.7 –1.2 71S

Jun. 12 2865 HIP 96496 5.7 RD –92 9 23.1 +0.2 –1.3 80N 9 17.3 +0.2 –1.6 64N 13 3019 HIP102026 5.8 RD –85 17 15.1 +2.0 +0.1 58N 17 23.9 +2.4 –0.4 47N 16 3412 φ Aqr 4.2 RD –57 19 4.0 +2.6 –0.8 41N 19 11.1 +3.5 –1.8 31N 26 1259 20 Cnc 5.9 DD +6 5 17.1 +1.4 +1.2 66N 5 30.8 +1.6 2.1 47N 30 1733 7 Vir 5.4 DD +41 4 42.0 –0.2 –4.2 19S 4 29.5 +0.9 –2.7 42S

38 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2017 LUNAR OCCULTATIONS DUNEDIN WELLINGTON E 170.5º S 45.9º E 174.8º S 41.3º Date Star V Ph. Ill. of ZC Name Moon UT a b CA UT a b CA º h m m/º m/º º h m m/º m/º º

Jul. 14 3514 24 Psc 5.9 RD –71 19 45.6 0.9 +2.1 67S 19 653 64 Tau 4.8 RD –18 19 4.2 +2.1 –2.3 41N 19 2.1 +3.0 –3.4 30N 31 2141 18 Lib 5.9 DD +56 7 29.1 +1.6 –1.3 68S 7 32.6 +2.0 –0.5 86S

Aug. 4 2658 Y Sgr 5.8 DD +90 11 7.7 +1.8 +1.5 65N 11 24.7 +1.7 +2.6 50N 4 2680 HIP 90687 5.6 DD +91 16 13.1 –0.1 +1.7 72N 16 19.8 –0.3 +1.6 65N 5 2828 45 Sgr 5.8 DD +96 16 33.3 –0.1 +2.1 54N 16 42.1 –0.3 +2.1 48N 13 322 64 Cet 5.6 RD –65 17 6.9 +1.1 +1.4 49S 17 18.9 +1.3 +1.6 54S 13 327 ξ1 Cet 4.4 RD –64 18 23.0 +1.4 +1.3 68S 18 35.8 +1.5 +1.5 72S 16 764 104 Tau 4.9 RD –30 19 48.4 +0.7 +2.9 17S 20 4.6 +1.5 +2.3 29S 17 913 64 Ori 5.1 RD –21 16 59.9 –1.9 +5.1 5S 17 8.3 –0.1 +1.5 23S 17 915 χ2 Ori 4.6 RD –20 17 41.1 +1.3 –1.8 62N 17 38.3 +1.7 –2.1 54N 30 2460 HIP 83854 6.0 DD +59 7 26.8 +2.0 +0.1 85N 7 39.0 +2.3 +1.2 68N 30 2495 HIP 84792 6.0 DD +61 14 15.8 –0.3 +1.3 83N

Sep. 3 3019 HIP 102026 5.8 DD +92 12 46.4 +0.8 +2.7 51N 13 2.7 +0.5 +3.1 42N 13 894 χ1 Ori 4.4 RD –43 21 11.3 +0.7 –1.4 24N 18 Venus –3.9 DB –6 1 22.7 +0.9 –0.2 –67S 1 27.1 +1.1 +0.3 –84S 18 Venus –3.9 RD –6 2 32.5 +1.0 +1.5 68S 2 41.1 +0.6 +0.8 87S 29 2814 43 Sgr 4.9 DD +61 4 33.9 +1.1 –2.4 53S 4 30.3 +1.5 –1.6 71S

Oct. 4 3514 24 Psc 5.9 DD +98 16 15.3 +0.6 +1.0 39S 16 22.4 +0.4 +1.1 46S 9 653 64 Tau 4.8 RD –81 13 31.0 +1.4 –1.0 81N 13 32.9 +1.7 –1.1 75N 11 995 ν Gem 4.1 RD –60 14 58.7 +0.4 +0.9 23S 15 4.7 +0.8 +0.7 32S 13 1275 θ Cnc 5.3 RD –37 16 55.4 +1.1 –0.3 40S 16 59.5 +1.4 –0.3 49S 23 2372 φ Oph 4.3 DD +11 6 15.3 +1.2 +0.7 77S 6 24.8 +1.1 +1.2 90S 25 2658 Y Sgr 5.8 DD +27 11 50.8 –0.8 +2.3 43N

Nov. 7 915 χ2 Ori 4.6 RD –85 11 46.5 –0.5 +2.2 10S 25 3108 29 Cap 5.3 DD +36 5 37.2 +1.5 +2.0 60N 5 54.9 +1.3 +3.0 48N 26 3253 38 Aqr 5.4 DD +47 9 34.2 +0.5 +2.7 53N 9 48.4 +0.3 +2.9 48N 27 3388 83 Aqr 5.5 DD +58 12 36.6 +0.7 +0.0 23S 12 40.3 +0.4 +0.4 33S 28 3514 24 Psc 5.9 DD +68 11 53.9 +0.2 +2.9 40N 12 8.6 +0.0 +3.4 32N

Dec. 9 1576 53 Leo 5.3 RD –57 17 21.0 +1.7 –0.8 86S 17 23.9 +1.7 –1.0 81N 29 454 HIP 14439 5.6 DD +82 13 18.9 +0.8 +2.1 62N

BAA Handbook 2017 Lunar Occultations 39 GRAZING LUNARLunar Occultations OCCULTATIONS The map shows the tracks of stars to magnitude 7.5 which will graze the Moon’s limb and where the Moon is less than 90 percent sunlit, has an altitude of more than 5° and a cusp Angle > 3° The track commences in the West, and the Time (UT) is near the centre of the region. Tracks marked on the map as `A´ indicate the star is at a low altitude. Tracks marked with a `B´ indicate the bright limb is close. Small or negative cusp angles indicate the graze occurs at the terminator. The track is terminated if the altitude (A) is low or when the sky (S) is bright. Both the track and time (UT) start in the West. The Altitude (Alt) column is the approximate elevation of the Moon, as a guide to observability. Details for the potential observer will be supplied.

Accuracy: Recording events to a UT accuracy of 0.5s or better are desirable. Observers using video or planetary webcams recording at 10fps or greater, with UT time stamps, are invited to contact the Lunar Section for assistance with light curve analysis and reporting of times. Visual Observers: Individuals and teams should continue to send timings to the Lunar Section.

General circumstances for the events can be judged from personal planetarium software, but those plan- ning to observe a graze should request track details from the Director of the Computing Section. More details of grazes are given in the Lunar Section Circulars, or may be computed using software for non– commercial use from: http://www.lunar-occultations.com/iota/occult4.htm http://www.doa-site.nl/ Observers positioned on or very near the tracks may see the star disappear and reappear several times at the edge of features on the Moon’s limb. The recorded times, to an accuracy of better than one second, continue to be valuable in the study and refinement of the shape and motion of the Moon, and in the detection of double or multiple stars, particularly during grazes. Potential observers are encouraged to contact Tim Haymes at [email protected] for additional information and advice on how to report graze timings. A brief notification of success or failure of the observing attempt would also be helpful. Key to the Map 2017 Star N or S Cusp name ZC* Time† V Sunlit‡ limit angle† Limb§ alt. MM DD h m % ° 1 39B Psc 303 Jan. 7 01 01 6.4 62+ N 5.3 DD 12 2 80 Tau 675d Feb. 5 18 47 5.6 68+ S 3.3 DD 50 3 81 Tau 678 Feb. 5 19 02 5.5 68+ S 3.3 DD 53 4 SAO 139584 1985 Feb. 16 03 19 6.9 –74 S 5.2 DD 22 5 77 Tau 669 Mar. 5 00 53 3.8 44+ N 2.4 DD 10 6 70 Tau 659 Mar. 4 23 48 6.6 43+ N 2.5 DD 17 7 π Cap 2981 May 17 03 34 5.1 –68 S 5.3 DD 12 8 SAO 93961 672 Aug. 16 03 25 6.7 –37 N 6.0 DD 33 9 264B Tau 677 Aug. 16 04 14 4.8 –37 N 5.3 DD 35 10 Aldebaran 692 Aug. 16 07 01 0.9 –36 N 3.6 Day 49 11 81 Cnc 1371 Sep. 17 03 40 6.5 –10 N 7.4 DD 8 12 82 Cnc 1375 Sep. 17 04 49 5.4 –10 N 7.2 DD 17 13 SAO 94158 729 Oct. 9 23 24 7.1 –77 N 11.3 DD 25 14 22 Gem 1006 Nov. 7 23 28 7.1 –80 N 11.7 DD 28 15 SAO 97087 1151 Nov. 8 23 56 6.8 –69 N 11.0 DD 22 16 33 Cet 170 Nov. 30 00 32 6.0 81+ N 3.1 DD 25 17 SAO 93532 526 Dec. 30 03 15 6.7 86+ N 8.0 DD 16

* Numbers taken from the Robertson Zodiacal Catalog or the Extended Zodiacal Catalog d = double, m = multiple, u = unconfirmed. † Precise times and cusp angles are dependent on location ‡ a negative number indicates a waning Moon § graze occurs against a [B]right limb, [D]ark limb, [T]erminator Limb: [DD] Most or all of the graze occurs at the dark Limb. [Day] Daylight.

40 Grazing Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2017 GRAZING LUNARLunar Occultations OCCULTATIONS

Key: Blue tracks denote the event occurs in daylight. Thick lines is Aldebaran graze tracks.

A denoted altitude is low B denotes bright limb nearby S denotes Sun interferes

BAA Handbook 2017 Grazing Lunar Occultations 41 MARS

Conjunction: Jul. 27

2017 RA Dec. V Diam P Q Ph. DE DS LS h m ° ' " ° ° ° ° ° Jan. –3 22 34.4 –10 00 0.9 5.8 346 69 0.898 –24.6 –23.8 288 7 23 2.4 –6 59 0.9 5.6 342 68 0.906 –25.6 –22.8 295 17 23 30.0 –3 54 1.0 5.4 338 67 0.913 –26.1 –21.5 301 27 23 57.3 –0 47 1.1 5.2 334 67 0.921 –26.1 –20.0 306 Feb. 6 0 24.5 +2 19 1.2 5.0 330 67 0.928 –25.6 –18.3 312 16 0 51.5 +5 21 1.2 4.8 327 67 0.936 –24.7 –16.5 318 26 1 18.6 +8 17 1.3 4.6 325 68 0.943 –23.3 –14.6 324 Mar. 8 1 45.9 +11 03 1.3 4.5 323 69 0.949 –21.6 –12.5 329 18 2 13.4 +13 39 1.4 4.4 322 70 0.956 –19.5 –10.5 335 28 2 41.3 +16 01 1.5 4.2 321 72 0.962 –17.2 –8.3 340 Apr. 7 3 9.4 +18 09 1.5 4.1 321 74 0.968 –14.7 –6.1 345 17 3 38.0 +19 59 1.5 4.0 322 76 0.973 –11.9 –4.0 351 27 4 6.8 +21 32 1.6 3.9 324 78 0.978 –9.1 –1.8 356 May 7 4 36.0 +22 45 1.6 3.9 326 80 0.982 –6.2 0.3 1 17 5 5.3 +23 37 1.6 3.8 328 83 0.986 –3.2 2.4 6 27 5 34.6 +24 09 1.7 3.7 331 85 0.990 –0.3 4.5 11 Jun. 6 6 3.9 +24 20 1.7 3.7 334 87 0.993 2.7 6.5 15 16 6 32.9 +24 10 1.7 3.6 337 89 0.995 5.6 8.4 20 26 7 1.6 +23 41 1.7 3.6 341 90 0.997 8.4 10.3 25 Jul. 6 7 29.8 +22 53 1.7 3.6 345 90 0.999 11.0 12.1 29 16 7 57.4 +21 47 1.7 3.5 349 84 1.000 13.6 13.8 34 26 8 24.5 +20 26 1.7 3.5 353 31 1.000 15.9 15.4 38 Aug. 5 8 50.9 +18 50 1.7 3.5 357 308 1.000 18.1 16.9 43 15 9 16.7 +17 01 1.8 3.5 1 298 0.999 20.0 18.3 47 25 9 41.9 +15 01 1.8 3.5 5 296 0.998 21.7 19.6 52 Sep. 4 10 6.6 +12 52 1.8 3.6 9 296 0.996 23.1 20.7 56 14 10 30.8 +10 36 1.8 3.6 13 296 0.993 24.2 21.8 61 24 10 54.7 +8 13 1.8 3.6 17 296 0.990 25.0 22.7 65 Oct. 4 11 18.2 +5 46 1.8 3.7 21 296 0.986 25.4 23.5 69 14 11 41.5 +3 16 1.8 3.7 24 296 0.982 25.5 24.1 74 24 12 4.7 +0 45 1.8 3.8 27 295 0.977 25.3 24.6 78 Nov. 3 12 27.8 –1 46 1.8 3.9 30 295 0.972 24.7 25.0 82 13 12 51.0 –4 16 1.8 4.0 33 294 0.966 23.9 25.2 87 23 13 14.4 –6 42 1.7 4.1 35 293 0.960 22.7 25.2 91 Dec. 3 13 37.9 –9 04 1.7 4.3 36 292 0.953 21.2 25.1 96 13 14 1.8 –11 19 1.6 4.4 38 291 0.946 19.4 24.8 100 23 14 25.9 –13 27 1.6 4.6 38 289 0.939 17.5 24.3 105 33 14 50.4 –15 25 1.5 4.8 38 288 0.932 15.4 23.7 109

42 Mars BAA Handbook 2017 LONGITUDE OF THE CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF MARS

Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° 1 201.5 252.9 335.1 29.8 96.6 155.0 223.6 282.1 339.5 45.8 102.1 169.0 2 191.6 243.0 325.2 20.0 86.8 145.3 213.9 272.3 329.7 360. 92.3 159.2 3 181.6 233.0 315.3 10.2 77.1 135.6 204.2 262.6 320.0 26.2 82.5 149.5 4 171.7 223.1 305.4 0.4 67.3 125.9 194.5 252.9 310.2 16.4 72.7 139.8 5 161.7 213.2 295.5 350.6 57.6 116.2 184.8 243.1 300.4 6.6 62.9 130.0 6 151.8 203.2 285.7 340.8 47.9 106.5 175.1 233.4 290.6 356.8 53.2 120.3 7 141.8 193.3 275.8 331.0 38.1 96.8 165.3 223.6 280.8 347.0 43.4 110.5 8 131.9 183.3 265.9 321.2 28.4 87.0 155.6 213.9 271.0 337.2 33.6 100.8 9 121.9 173.4 256.0 311.4 18.6 77.3 145.9 204.1 261.3 327.4 23.8 91.1 10 112.0 163.5 246.2 301.6 8.9 67.6 136.2 194.4 251.5 317.6 14.0 81.3 11 102.0 153.5 236.3 291.8 359.2 57.9 126.5 184.6 241.7 307.8 4.3 71.6 12 92.0 143.6 226.4 282.0 349.5 48.2 116.7 174.9 231.9 298.0 354.5 61.9 13 82.1 133.7 216.6 272.3 339.7 38.5 107.0 165.1 222.1 288.2 344.7 52.1 14 72.1 123.7 206.7 262.5 330.0 28.8 97.3 155.3 212.3 278.4 334.9 42.4 15 62.2 113.8 196.9 252.7 320.3 19.1 87.6 145.6 202.5 268.6 325.2 32.7 16 52.2 103.9 187.0 242.9 310.5 9.3 77.8 135.8 192.7 258.8 315.4 23.0 17 42.3 94.0 177.2 233.2 300.8 359.6 68.1 126.1 182.9 249.0 305.6 13.2 18 32.3 84.0 167.3 223.4 291.1 349.9 58.4 116.3 173.1 239.2 295.8 3.5 19 22.3 74.1 157.5 213.6 281.4 340.2 48.7 106.5 163.3 229.4 286.1 353.8 20 12.4 64.2 147.7 203.9 271.6 330.5 38.9 96.8 153.6 219.6 276.3 344.1 21 2.4 54.3 137.8 194.1 261.9 320.8 29.2 87.0 143.8 209.8 266.5 334.4 22 352.5 44.4 128.0 184.3 252.2 311.1 19.5 77.2 134.0 200.0 256.8 324.7 23 342.5 34.5 118.1 174.6 242.5 301.4 9.7 67.5 124.2 190.2 247.0 314.9 24 332.6 24.6 108.3 164.8 232.8 291.6 360.0 57.7 114.4 180.4 237.3 305.2 25 322.6 14.7 98.5 155.1 223.0 281.9 350.3 47.9 104.6 170.6 227.5 295.5 26 312.6 4.8 88.7 145.3 213.3 272.2 340.5 38.2 94.8 160.8 217.7 285.8 27 302.7 354.9 78.8 135.6 203.6 262.5 330.8 28.4 85.0 151.0 208.0 276.1 28 292.7 345.0 69.0 125.8 193.9 252.8 321.0 18.6 75.2 141.2 198.2 266.4 29 282.8 59.2 116.1 184.2 243.1 311.3 8.8 65.4 131.4 188.5 256.7 30 272.8 49.4 106.3 174.5 233.4 301.6 359.1 55.6 121.7 178.7 247.0 31 262.9 39.6 164.7 291.8 349.3 111.9 237.3

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h ° h ° m ° m ° m ° 1 14.62 7 102.34 10 2.44 1 0.24 6 1.46 2 29.24 8 116.96 20 4.87 2 0.49 7 1.71 3 43.86 9 131.58 30 7.31 3 0.73 8 1.95 4 58.48 10 146.21 40 9.75 4 0.97 9 2.19 5 73.10 11 160.83 50 12.18 5 1.22 10 2.44 6 87.72 12 175.45 60 14.62

BAA Handbook 2017 Mars 43 ASTEROIDS

ORBITAL ELEMENTS

Observers with binoculars or small telescopes may find these data useful in locating some of the brighter asteroids.

The data below, for asteroids brighter than magnitude 9.5 at opposition, have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center’s Minor Planet and Comet Ephemeris Service at:

http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html

Equinox of the elements J2000 Epoch of the elements JD 2457400.5, 2016 Jan. 13.0 TT

No. Name a e i Node Peri. M au º º º º 2 Pallas 2.772 0.231 34.841 173.088 309.989 163.604 4 Vesta 2.362 0.089 7.140 103.846 151.137 129.530 6 Hebe 2.427 0.202 14.744 138.700 239.641 133.265 7 Iris 2.385 0.231 5.523 259.572 145.383 179.242 8 Flora 2.201 0.157 5.887 110.905 285.400 192.584 9 Metis 2.386 0.122 5.574 68.935 5.905 316.577 10 Hygeia 3.144 0.114 3.832 283.336 311.822 300.121 14 Irene 2.586 0.166 9.119 86.149 98.064 240.278 15 Eunomia 2.644 0.187 11.738 293.182 97.542 9.242 20 Massalia 2.409 0.143 0.708 206.129 256.592 161.543 29 Amphitrite 2.555 0.072 6.090 356.420 62.007 355.979 89 Julia 2.551 0.184 16.128 311.577 45.391 207.022 3122 Florence 1.769 0.423 22.162 336.121 27.723 100.146

WEBSITE More information on asteroids and dwarf planets can be found on the website of the Asteroids and Remote Planets Section at: http://www.britastro.org/asteroids/

44 Asteroids BAA Handbook 2017 ASTEROID EPHEMERIDES The geocentric data below, for asteroids listed on p.44, have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center Ephemeris Service at: http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html

Equinox of the elements J2000 Epoch of the elements JD 2457400.5, 2016 Jan. 13.0 TT

2 Pallas

2017 RA Dec. Δ r Elong. V h m s º ' " au au º Jun. 20 1 56 22.7 +1 32 14 3.200 2.858 61.5 9.9 30 2 09 26.4 +1 16 27 3.055 2.835 68.0 9.9 Jul. 10 2 22 00.4 +0 46 23 2.905 2.812 74.6 9.8 20 2 33 56.6 +0 00 09 2.753 2.788 81.4 9.6 30 2 45 03.5 –1 04 15 2.600 2.765 88.4 9.5

Aug. 9 2 55 08.2 –2 28 38 2.450 2.741 95.5 9.4 19 3 03 56.2 –4 14 31 2.306 2.717 102.9 9.2 29 3 11 09.2 –6 22 48 2.169 2.692 110.3 9.0 Sep. 8 3 16 28.8 –8 52 57 2.044 2.668 117.8 8.8 18 3 19 36.5 –11 42 38 1.934 2.643 125.2 8.7

28 3 20 15.2 –14 46 35 1.842 2.619 131.9 8.5 Oct. 8 3 18 17.4 –17 56 01 1.771 2.594 137.2 8.3 18 3 13 47.4 –20 59 17 1.723 2.570 140.4 8.2 28 3 07 08.4 –23 42 46 1.699 2.546 140.6 8.2 Nov. 7 2 59 07.2 –25 53 54 1.698 2.522 137.8 8.2

17 2 50 44.6 –27 24 05 1.718 2.498 132.8 8.2 27 2 43 08.4 –28 09 41 1.757 2.474 126.4 8.3 Dec. 7 2 37 18.4 –28 12 40 1.811 2.450 119.4 8.4 17 2 33 53.4 –27 38 31 1.876 2.427 112.4 8.5 27 2 33 14.4 –26 34 03 1.948 2.405 105.4 8.6

Vesta

2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jan. 1 8 19 14.7 +21 38 02 1.577 2.517 158.4 6.7 11 8 09 45.2 +22 40 07 1.535 2.510 170.7 6.4 21 7 59 00.8 +23 41 26 1.522 2.504 175.1 6.3 31 7 48 22.5 +24 35 48 1.537 2.497 163.1 6.5 Feb. 10 7 39 14.8 +25 19 02 1.580 2.489 150.9 6.7

20 7 32 40.9 +25 49 43 1.647 2.482 139.3 6.9 Mar. 2 7 29 16.7 +26 08 21 1.732 2.474 128.5 7.1 12 7 29 13.4 +26 16 18 1.832 2.465 118.5 7.3 22 7 32 20.1 +26 14 57 1.941 2.457 109.3 7.5 Apr. 1 7 38 17.8 +26 05 07 2.057 2.448 100.7 7.6

11 7 46 43.4 +25 47 18 2.175 2.440 92.9 7.7 21 7 57 11.7 +25 21 36 2.293 2.430 85.5 7.8 May 1 8 09 21.8 +24 47 57 2.410 2.421 78.6 7.9 11 8 22 54.3 +24 06 16 2.522 2.412 72.1 8.0 21 8 37 31.7 +23 16 29 2.630 2.402 66.0 8.1

31 8 53 01.2 +22 18 36 2.731 2.393 60.1 8.1

BAA Handbook 2017 Asteroids 45 ASTEROID EPHEMERIDES

6 Hebe

2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Apr. 11 18 08 17.9 –6 33 51 2.174 2.661 108.1 10.4 21 18 11 45.9 –5 48 01 2.039 2.643 116.4 10.3 May 1 18 12 45.4 –5 03 46 1.913 2.624 125.1 10.1 11 18 11 06.3 –4 24 39 1.800 2.605 134.1 9.8 21 18 06 47.3 –3 54 32 1.704 2.586 143.2 9.6

31 17 59 59.7 –3 37 41 1.627 2.566 151.8 9.4 Jun. 10 17 51 16.5 –3 37 56 1.573 2.545 158.5 9.2 20 17 41 27.8 –3 57 36 1.544 2.524 160.3 9.2 30 17 31 37.2 –4 37 09 1.541 2.503 155.9 9.2 Jul. 10 17 22 52.3 –5 34 42 1.561 2.481 147.8 9.3

20 17 16 06.9 –6 46 33 1.603 2.459 138.6 9.5 30 17 11 58.7 –8 08 25 1.664 2.437 129.3 9.6 Aug. 9 17 10 46.3 –9 35 54 1.740 2.415 120.2 9.8 19 17 12 30.8 –11 05 14 1.827 2.392 111.6 9.9 29 17 17 06.0 –12 33 25 1.921 2.370 103.5 10.0

Sep. 8 17 24 18.8 –13 57 58 2.019 2.347 95.9 10.1 18 17 33 53.6 –15 16 54 2.120 2.324 88.6 10.2 28 17 45 36.9 –16 28 39 2.220 2.301 81.8 10.3 Oct. 8 17 59 13.6 –17 31 48 2.318 2.278 75.2 10.4

7 Iris 2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° May 21 23 44 11.5 +3 23 09 2.381 2.110 62.3 10.2 31 0 01 35.9 +5 34 07 2.260 2.085 67.0 10.1 Jun. 10 0 18 45.4 +7 44 08 2.138 2.060 71.8 10.0 20 0 35 38.1 +9 52 11 2.015 2.036 76.6 9.8 30 0 52 08.1 +11 56 59 1.893 2.013 81.6 9.7

Jul. 10 1 08 08.3 +13 57 11 1.772 1.991 86.7 9.6 20 1 23 29.5 +15 51 32 1.653 1.970 92.0 9.4 30 1 37 56.4 +17 38 26 1.536 1.950 97.6 9.2 Aug. 9 1 51 11.3 +19 16 11 1.423 1.932 103.6 9.0 19 2 02 51.6 +20 43 03 1.315 1.914 110.0 8.8

29 2 12 26.8 +21 56 36 1.213 1.898 117.0 8.6 Sep. 8 2 19 26.6 +22 54 01 1.118 1.884 124.7 8.3 18 2 23 19.4 +23 31 57 1.034 1.871 133.2 8.0 28 2 23 40.6 +23 46 07 0.962 1.860 142.5 7.7 Oct. 8 2 20 31.8 +23 32 45 0.906 1.851 152.6 7.4

18 2 14 26.4 +22 50 04 0.867 1.844 163.1 7.1 28 2 06 40.3 +21 40 38 0.850 1.838 171.3 6.9 Nov. 7 1 59 01.8 +20 13 44 0.855 1.835 167.6 7.0 17 1 53 12.0 +18 42 44 0.881 1.834 157.4 7.3 27 1 50 27.1 +17 21 15 0.928 1.834 146.7 7.6

Dec. 7 1 51 21.8 +16 19 11 0.992 1.837 136.6 7.9 17 1 55 54.3 +15 40 32 1.070 1.842 127.4 8.1 27 2 03 47.3 +15 25 17 1.160 1.849 118.9 8.4

46 Asteroids BAA Handbook 2017 ASTEROID EPHEMERIDES

8 Flora 2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Aug. 29 5 34 30.8 +18 26 25 1.917 1.866 71.8 10.4 Sep. 8 5 54 37.0 +18 33 27 1.828 1.872 76.6 10.3 18 6 13 30.2 +18 31 55 1.737 1.879 81.9 10.2 28 6 30 51.9 +18 23 53 1.644 1.888 87.5 10.1 Oct. 8 6 46 22.9 +18 12 00 1.551 1.897 93.6 10.0

18 6 59 41.9 +17 59 19 1.458 1.908 100.3 9.8 28 7 10 21.8 +17 49 19 1.368 1.919 107.7 9.7 Nov. 7 7 17 56.1 +17 45 47 1.281 1.932 115.9 9.5 17 7 21 56.7 +17 52 21 1.202 1.945 125.0 9.3 27 7 21 58.9 +18 12 01 1.132 1.959 135.1 9.1

Dec. 7 7 17 56.4 +18 46 04 1.078 1.974 146.2 8.9 17 7 10 08.4 +19 33 04 1.042 1.990 158.3 8.6 27 6 59 34.8 +20 28 38 1.029 2.006 170.9 8.4

9 Metis 2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jan. 1 10 59 33.2 +14 28 02 1.570 2.228 119.7 10.1 11 11 01 22.1 +14 58 15 1.482 2.240 129.5 9.9 21 10 59 55.3 +15 46 28 1.408 2.253 140.0 9.6 31 10 55 12.3 +16 48 59 1.353 2.266 151.1 9.4 Feb. 10 10 47 40.0 +17 58 27 1.320 2.279 162.1 9.2

20 10 38 14.2 +19 05 14 1.312 2.292 169.9 9.0 Mar. 2 10 28 12.7 +19 59 41 1.331 2.306 166.1 9.2 12 10 19 04.0 +20 34 33 1.376 2.319 156.0 9.4 22 10 11 58.9 +20 47 05 1.445 2.333 145.1 9.7 Apr. 1 10 07 40.8 +20 37 55 1.533 2.347 134.7 10.0

11 10 06 25.9 +20 09 40 1.638 2.360 125.0 10.2 21 10 08 06.0 +19 25 40 1.754 2.374 116.0 10.4

10 Hygiea 2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° May 1 19 00 13.5 –24 14 23 2.222 2.824 116.9 10.4 11 19 01 41.0 –24 05 57 2.113 2.830 126.2 10.2 21 19 00 32.2 –23 59 58 2.018 2.836 136.1 10.0 31 18 56 49.0 –23 56 00 1.941 2.842 146.5 9.8 Jun. 10 18 50 50.2 –23 53 00 1.884 2.849 157.5 9.6

20 18 43 09.8 –23 49 37 1.852 2.856 168.7 9.4 30 18 34 36.2 –23 44 37 1.846 2.863 179.4 9.1 Jul. 10 18 26 09.3 –23 37 26 1.868 2.871 168.3 9.4 20 18 18 44.8 –23 28 20 1.915 2.879 157.1 9.7 30 18 13 07.9 –23 18 04 1.987 2.887 146.2 9.9

Aug. 9 18 09 48.7 –23 07 39 2.080 2.895 135.9 10.1

BAA Handbook 2017 Asteroids 47 ASTEROID EPHEMERIDES

14 Irene 2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jan. 1 10 45 46.7 +18 38 23 1.564 2.267 124.1 10.1 11 10 48 35.9 +19 35 56 1.460 2.254 133.6 9.8 21 10 48 19.9 +20 51 53 1.372 2.241 143.6 9.6 31 10 44 52.6 +22 21 13 1.303 2.229 153.5 9.3 Feb. 10 10 38 34.5 +23 54 38 1.258 2.218 162.1 9.1

20 10 30 16.4 +25 20 16 1.237 2.208 165.1 9.0 Mar. 2 10 21 15.2 +26 26 26 1.242 2.198 159.6 9.1 12 10 13 04.0 +27 04 55 1.270 2.189 150.3 9.3 22 10 07 00.5 +27 13 18 1.320 2.182 140.4 9.5 Apr. 1 10 03 54.4 +26 53 17 1.387 2.175 130.7 9.7

11 10 04 05.7 +26 08 59 1.467 2.169 121.8 9.9 21 10 07 26.1 +25 05 03 1.558 2.164 113.5 10.1 May 1 10 13 35.8 +23 45 18 1.656 2.160 105.8 10.3 11 10 22 09.7 +22 12 46 1.759 2.158 98.8 10.4

15 Eunomia 2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jan. 1 10 33 39.9 +1 08 28 2.102 2.737 120.6 9.9 11 10 30 54.1 +0 26 37 2.009 2.756 131.0 9.8 21 10 25 37.7 +0 00 03 1.933 2.774 141.8 9.6 31 10 18 08.8 –0 10 09 1.879 2.792 152.8 9.4 Feb. 10 10 09 06.3 –0 04 27 1.851 2.810 163.1 9.3

20 9 59 24.2 +0 14 47 1.851 2.827 168.7 9.2 Mar. 2 9 50 03.0 +0 43 37 1.880 2.844 163.4 9.3 12 9 42 01.0 +1 16 57 1.938 2.861 153.4 9.5 22 9 35 59.0 +1 49 49 2.020 2.877 142.7 9.8 Apr. 1 9 32 19.9 +2 18 13 2.124 2.893 132.3 10.0

11 9 31 10.4 +2 39 11 2.245 2.908 122.5 10.2 21 9 32 22.7 +2 51 04 2.378 2.923 113.2 10.3

20 Massalia 2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Sep. 28 5 40 55.8 +22 54 16 1.741 2.143 99.2 10.4 Oct. 8 5 51 53.1 +22 53 15 1.621 2.132 106.5 10.3 18 6 00 21.1 +22 48 57 1.506 2.122 114.5 10.0 28 6 05 49.5 +22 42 59 1.398 2.113 123.2 9.8 Nov. 7 6 07 52.9 +22 36 42 1.302 2.104 132.7 9.6

17 6 06 13.2 +22 30 55 1.219 2.096 143.1 9.3 27 6 00 51.3 +22 25 34 1.155 2.089 154.5 9.0 Dec. 7 5 52 24.0 +22 19 54 1.112 2.083 166.5 8.8 17 5 42 02.7 +22 13 08 1.094 2.078 178.6 8.4 27 5 31 30.2 +22 05 27 1.101 2.074 168.2 8.7

48 Asteroids BAA Handbook 2017 ASTEROID EPHEMERIDES

29 Amphitrite 2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jan. 1 11 26 52.2 +7 32 00 2.015 2.540 111.1 10.4 11 11 29 05.2 +7 12 36 1.903 2.548 120.6 10.2 21 11 28 37.0 +7 07 51 1.801 2.555 130.8 10.0 31 11 25 20.3 +7 17 41 1.716 2.563 141.8 9.8 Feb. 10 11 19 24.3 +7 40 17 1.650 2.571 153.4 9.6

20 11 11 18.8 +8 11 52 1.609 2.578 165.4 9.4 Mar. 2 11 01 53.3 +8 47 11 1.596 2.586 177.0 9.1 12 10 52 15.7 +9 19 59 1.611 2.594 169.3 9.3 22 10 43 33.8 +9 44 51 1.653 2.601 157.3 9.6 Apr. 1 10 36 42.7 +9 58 08 1.721 2.608 145.8 9.8

11 10 32 18.7 +9 58 00 1.809 2.615 135.0 10.0 21 10 30 33.4 +9 44 23 1.915 2.622 124.9 10.2 May 1 10 31 23.7 +9 18 03 2.034 2.629 115.5 10.4

89 Julia

2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jun. 30 23 12 20.6 –0 38 52 1.575 2.138 109.3 10.4 Jul. 10 23 16 31.7 +1 34 14 1.464 2.127 116.9 10.2 20 23 17 57.1 +3 42 55 1.363 2.118 125.1 10.0 30 23 16 16.4 +5 43 46 1.275 2.109 133.8 9.8 Aug. 9 23 11 23.5 +7 32 27 1.201 2.101 142.9 9.5

19 23 03 31.2 +9 03 45 1.147 2.094 151.9 9.3 29 22 53 21.6 +10 12 25 1.113 2.089 159.5 9.1 Sep. 8 22 42 12.2 +10 55 42 1.103 2.085 162.3 9.0 18 22 31 34.6 +11 14 42 1.116 2.082 158.1 9.1 28 22 22 58.3 +11 14 38 1.151 2.080 150.1 9.3

Oct. 8 22 17 27.7 +11 03 48 1.206 2.080 141.0 9.5 18 22 15 30.3 +10 50 20 1.278 2.081 131.9 9.8 28 22 17 08.7 +10 41 02 1.364 2.083 123.3 10.0 Nov. 7 22 22 06.0 +10 40 44 1.460 2.086 115.3 10.2 17 22 29 56.2 +10 51 53 1.565 2.091 107.8 10.4

3122 Florence

2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Aug. 11 23 21 54.8 –64 39 21 0.177 1.128 126.7 12.4 16 23 02 22.3 –61 50 51 0.139 1.107 129.8 11.7 21 22 34 05.7 –55 59 51 0.103 1.088 135.7 10.9 26 21 56 54.1 –42 37 44 0.070 1.070 147.5 9.8 31 21 12 48.0 –11 07 24 0.049 1.055 159.1 8.7

Sep. 5 20 25 54.3 +31 20 22 0.055 1.043 127.7 9.7 10 19 40 50.2 +54 09 17 0.081 1.033 106.2 11.2 15 19 00 51.9 +63 58 07 0.115 1.026 96.8 12.1

BAA Handbook 2017 Asteroids 49 ASTEROID OCCULTATIONS OCCULTATIONS OF STARS BY ASTEROIDS AND DWARF PLANETS Favourable events predicted by Edwin Goffin: Max Star Asteroid Asteroid Star Date UT ΔM Duration Magnitude Diameter hh:mm s km 510 Mabella UCAC4-409-079091 May 30 01:44 2.8 9.8 9.9 29 ftp://ftp.ster.kuleuven.ac.be/dist/vvs/asteroids/2017/PDF/A17_05037.pdf 56 Melete UCAC4-531-021813 Sep. 24 03:05 2.9 9.7 10.9 113 ftp://ftp.ster.kuleuven.ac.be/dist/vvs/asteroids/2017/PDF/A17_09027.pdf 20 Massalia UCAC4-563-024131 Nov. 17 01:32 0.2 43 9.2 113 ftp://ftp.ster.kuleuven.ac.be/dist/vvs/asteroids/2017/PDF/A17_11004.pdf 2060 Chiron UCAC4-461-131615 Sep. 24 21:00 4.0 8.3 14 110 ftp://ftp.ster.kuleuven.ac.be/dist/vvs/asteroids/2017/PDF/B17_09001.pdf see page 51 for Chart

In the table above: ΔM The magnitude drop during occultation. Max Duration Duration of the occultation for an observer at the centre of the shadow path Star Magnitude Visual magnitude of the star

Global predictions may be found at ftp://ftp.ster.kuleuven.ac.be/dist/vvs/asteroids/2017 Four predictions are highlighted (see table above). These present reasonably good opportunities for UK observers. Note, that the long duration prediction for 22 Massalia on Nov17 will require digital detectors (video, CCD, planetary webcam) owing to the small magnitude drop. Recordings can be analysed to obtain the light curve and timings. Help is available from the observing sections. A featured event for 2017 is 2060 CHIRON, which has a predicted path over Europe. Suitably equipped observers should be able to detect an occultation in good conditions. The star is 14th magnitude and located between fl 16 Psc and fl 18 Psc. TNO prediction are updated nearer the time of appulse. Regional predictions Predictions are selected for : Region 3 = Europe, North Africa and Middle East, where stars are brighter than V= 11.1, with maximum duration of 2 seconds and longer, and magnitude drop greater than 2.0. These are selected from E. Goffin’s global predictions.

TNO Global predictions Selected TNOs events all regions

Major planets All major planet events are listed.

Prediction uncertainties Predictions published a year in advance can be uncertain by several path widths. It’s desirable to monitor appulses even when located outside nominal geographical limits as, on some occasions, the unexpected can be found. e.g. double stars or unknown satellites.

Event duration The duration of an occultation depends on where the observer is positioned within the track. Negative and positive results are published on EURASTER.NET website : http://www.euraster.net/results/index.html – where there is a link to the BEST results.

Recording and reporting an observation Observations should be timed with a UT accuracy of typically 0.1 to 0.3 sec and reported to the Asteroids and Remote Planets Section and the PLANOCCULT list server. Negative observations (no occultation) should also be reported. European observers are strongly encouraged to subscribe to the PLANOCCULT mailing list for last-minute updates and observation reports : - visit : http://vps.vvs.be/mailman/listinfo/planoccult and follow the instructions to use the list server. For more up-to-date information on predictions, finder charts and occultation news, consult the following home pages : http://www.iota-es.de/ http://www.lesia.obspm.fr/perso/bruno-sicardy/ 50 Asteroids BAA Handbook 2017 ASTEROID OCCULTATIONS 2060 Chiron & UCAC4−461−131615 2017 sep 24 21h 2.8m U.T.

Planet: a = 13.71, e = 0.38 Star: Source cat. UCAC4

V. mag. = 18.66 Diam. = 200.0 km = 0.02" α = 23h39m10.021s δ = + 2°05'56.77" µ = 6.79"/h π = 0.50" Ref. = EG2015 Vmag = 14.01 Bmag = 14.99

∆m = 4.7 Max. dur. = 8.3s Sun : 173° Moon : 119° , 21%

21h00m30s − 21h05m00s; int. 30s

Vis. +2°30 magn. scale 5 +2°20 6

7 +2°10 8

9 +2°00 10 Declination (2000.0) 11 +1°50 12

+1°40 14

23h42 23h41 23h40 23h39 23h38 23h37 23h36 Right ascension (2000.0)

B17_09001.ps : 2016-03-27 15:28:00 2 Edwin Goffin, Hoboken, Belgium BAA Handbook 2017 Asteroids 51 ASTEROID OCCULTATIONS REGIONAL PREDICTIONS

Minor Planet Diam Max. Mag. Date Time No. Name (IRAS) Star ID V Dur. drop RoV 2017 h m " sec. Jan. 3 01 59 683 Lanzia 0.07 UCAC4-446-047674 11.03 9.6 2.0 3 3 22 21 648 Pippa 0.06 UCAC4-579-032201 9.72 6.5 3.3 3 5 00 24 200 Dynamene 0.12 UCAC4-596-041079 10.97 12.0 1.0 1,3 9 06 44 279 Thule 0.04 UCAC4-400-056515 9.56 6.7 6.2 3 13 04 04 63 Ausonia 0.07 UCAC4-400-055142 9.99 6.1 2.3 3 18 01 46 693 Zerbinetta 0.04 UCAC4-664-039377 10.98 6.6 3.3 1,3,5 19 21 06 3134 Kostinsky 0.03 UCAC4-553-013164 10.16 10.7 5.6 3 22 00 60 742 Edisona 0.03 UCAC4-613-029272 10.30 5.1 4.1 1,3 29 17 41 957 Camelia 0.04 UCAC4-510-002666 9.52 3.4 5.6 3,5 Feb. 2 18 13 351 Yrsa 0.03 UCAC4-526-006393 10.36 3.7 3.3 3,5 13 22 11 406 Erna 0.03 UCAC4-536-048952 8.86 3.8 6.3 3,5 26 02 24 785 Zwetana 0.05 UCAC4-637-044530 10.39 7.1 2.4 1 Mar. 1 02 42 1024 Hale 0.03 UCAC4-656-048707 10.61 7.4 5.1 1 2 04 03 41 Daphne 0.20 UCAC4-443-054417 9.26 17.6 1.0 3 19 02 54 412 Elisabetha 0.05 UCAC4-373-125984 10.49 4.6 3.8 3 Apr. 1 19 53 80806 2000CM105 0.01 UCAC4-513-052254 9.94 10.0 13.1 3 3 22 42 266 Aline 0.06 UCAC4-460-042711 9.89 15.9 4.2 3 7 01 30 1581 Abanderada 0.03 UCAC4-392-059360 10.93 4.8 4.1 3 May 16 20 20 386 Siegena 0.08 UCAC4-510-051098 9.87 11.9 3.5 3 25 01 40 748 Simeisa 0.04 UCAC4-334-139661 10.94 8.1 4.8 3 29 03 28 28 Bellona 0.08 UCAC4-391-088341 10.32 12.0 1.7 1 30 01 31 510 Mabella 0.07 UCAC4-409-079091 10.05 10.6 2.7 3 Jun. 20 20 28 455 Bruchsalia 0.07 UCAC4-363-072539 10.53 9.1 2.3 3 Sep. 1 23 25 25 Phocaea 0.11 UCAC4-558-119148 10.73 8.8 0.5 3,5 3 00 18 591 Irmgard 0.04 UCAC4-415-145487 10.70 3.7 4.2 3 11 23 58 626 Notburga 0.08 HIP 24083 9.73 4.6 3.3 3 12 03 50 19 Fortuna 0.08 UCAC4-551-041524 10.34 4.3 1.9 3 12 21 13 207 Hedda 0.06 UCAC4-505-003101 10.82 14.8 2.8 3,5 15 02 30 456 Abnoba 0.03 HIP 110447 9.13 3.5 4.3 3 24 03 10 56 Melete 0.05 UCAC4-531-021813 11.01 6.6 2.9 3 19 03 51 44 Nysa 0.06 UCAC4-510-004789 9.53 37.9 1.4 3 20 02 41 2011UP412 0.00 UCAC4-558-005014 10.64 5.8 13.4 1 30 06 35 751 Faïna 0.06 HIP 39387 9.01 4.2 4.8 1 30 20 18 368 Haidea 0.05 UCAC4-377-126936 9.88 4.1 4.9 3 Oct. 3 02 31 186 Celuta 0.07 UCAC4-477-001382 9.61 5.3 1.6 3 23 02 33 154 Bertha 0.11 UCAC4-520-003948 10.16 11.9 2.4 1,3 25 05 05 410 Chloris 0.05 UCAC4-550-047289 9.40 5.9 5.0 3 27 01 23 161 Athor 0.03 UCAC4-617-036640 10.95 7.9 2.8 3 29 01 22 1712 Angola 0.03 UCAC4-504-033910 10.47 7.0 5.5 5 Nov. 11 02 35 388 Charybdis 0.08 UCAC4-611-022866 9.96 14.3 3.6 1,3,5 14 04 10 392 Wilhelmina 0.04 UCAC4-474-034459 9.81 8.0 4.7 3 17 17 47 1977 Shura 0.04 HIP 20588 9.44 4.8 6.3 3,5 27 05 29 200 Dynamene 0.05 UCAC4-409-054791 8.94 3.9 5.2 3 Dec. 1 19 49 159 Aemilia 0.08 UCAC4-460-002271 10.73 26.1 2.4 3,5 7 01 32 2621 Goto 0.03 HIP 35842 6.18 5.0 9.2 3,5 11 04 51 141 Lumen 0.13 UCAC4-651-034388 10.81 13.1 1.0 1,3 15 05 09 2120 Tyumenia 0.02 UCAC4-434-047764 10.41 4.3 5.6 3 21 18 59 772 Tanete 0.08 UCAC4-685-045552 10.73 7.3 2.4 3,5 27 03 40 284 Amalia 0.04 UCAC4-534-012624 9.68 4.2 4.4 1,3 27 19 31 696 Leonora 0.07 UCAC4-589-040060 9.79 6.8 2.9 3,5 28 21 14 796 Sarita 0.04 UCAC4-707-043745 10.68 3.9 2.2 3 52 Asteroids BAA Handbook 2017 ASTEROID OCCULTATIONS

TNO GLOBAL PREDICTIONS

Minor Planet Diam Max. Mag. Date Time No. Name (IRAS) Star ID V Dur. drop RoV 2017 h m " sec. Jan 2 07 47 79360 Sila-Nunam 0.01 UCAC4-522-048441 14.49 19.7 7.2 2 Feb 13 01 29 54598 Bienor 0.01 UCAC4-625-007190 13.85 8.8 5.9 1 Mar 10 19 25 10199 Chariklo 0.02 UCAC4-294-210076 12.99 13.1 5.9 8 Mar 23 00 07 42355 Typhon 0.01 UCAC4-385-063812 14.59 7.0 6.2 4 Apr 9 02 25 10199 Chariklo 0.02 UCAC4-294-211208 14.93 51.9 4.0 4 May 8 12 33 10370 Hylonome 0.01 UCAC4-355-148085 14.81 8.2 7.1 8 May 9 00 11 28978 Ixion 0.03 UCAC4-309-127635 14.79 41.5 4.9 3 Jun 22 21 17 10199 Chariklo 0.02 UCAC4-293-212928 14.59 11.3 4.0 8 Jul 5 05 33 174567 Varda 0.03 UCAC4-442-067837 14.82 38.4 5.4 2 Aug 15 11 49 2060 Chiron 0.02 UCAC4-464-132135 14.27 10.6 4.6 1 Sep 24 21 02 2060 Chiron 0.02 UCAC4-461-131615 14.01 8.3 4.7 3 Nov 24 13 04 19521 Chaos 0.01 UCAC4-600-021213 14.57 18.5 6.5 8 Dec 29 16 27 54598 Bienor 0.01 UCAC4-643-011336 13.17 8.8 6.3 6, 7

MAJOR PLANET PREDICTIONS Planet Max. Date Time Name Diam Star ID V Dur. RoV 2017 h m " sec. Mar 12 14 19 Saturn 16.4 UCAC4-340-111015 9.53 9822 1 Mar 31 17 43 Jupiter 44.1 UCAC4-421-058165 9.86 8384 5, 6, 7,8

Using the tables In the table of predictions : Time = UT of closest geocentric approach. Region of Visibility codes (RoV): 1 = North and Central America 2 = South America 3 = Europe, North Africa and the Middle East 4 = South Africa 5 = Russia 6 = Pakistan, India, and SE Asia 7 = Japan, China and Taiwan 8 = Australia and New Zealand Where diameters are not listed in the IRAS catalogue, an assumed value of A, the geometric albedo, has been used to calculate a value for the asteroid diameter. Predictions computed by Edwin Goffin. Track details are available from the Flemish Astronomical Association ftp site: ftp://ftp.ster.kuleuven.ac.be/dist/vvs/asteroids/2017

BAA Handbook 2017 Asteroids 53 ASTEROIDS: FAVOURABLE OBSERVING OPPORTUNITIES LIGHTCURVE OPPORTUNITIES Based on an analysis of both numbered and unnumbered objects in the Minor Planet Center MPCORB database by Brian D. Warner. Asteroids are listed which at opposition reach magnitude 14.5 or brighter, and for which the rotation period is very uncertain or unknown. Where a 'U' code is given as '1' or ‘1+’, the values given are based on fragmentary lightcurves and are likely to be incorrect.

Period/amplitude data are taken from the list maintained by Brian D. Warner and Alan W. Harris of the Space Science Institute and Petr Pravec of the Astronomical Institute, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, at:

http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html

Asteroid Opposition Amplitude Number Name Date V Δ Dec. U Period of Magnitude Variation

m d au ° Code h 795 Fini 02 15.6 13.7 1.665 +35 1+ 9.292 0.06 1114 Lorraine 02 19.5 14.5 2.184 +1 1 32. 0.16 1106 Cydonia 03 17.4 14.5 1.300 –10 143404 2003 BD44 03 20.4 14.4 0.260 –0 9671 Hemera 04 09.6 13.6 0.519 –10

143404 2003 BD44* 04 13.0 13.3 0.072 +26 1458 Mineura 04 18.7 14.3 1.413 –2 1 36. 0.04 1581 Abanderada 04 28.0 14.5 1.783 –11 2847 Parvati 05 06.9 14.1 0.941 –18 1415 Malautra 05 15.0 14.2 1.038 –25 1 >12. 0.03

1939 Loretta 05 17.9 14.5 1.720 –20 1 25. 0.12 5066 Garradd 06 13.8 14.3 0.623 –25 2138 Swissair 06 14.0 14.6 1.499 –19 6914 Becquerel 06 19.2 14.6 0.967 –28 138846 2000 VJ61 06 19.5 14.2 0.298 –29

767 Bondia 06 27.3 13.8 1.848 –24 1784 Benguella** 06 29.1 14.0 1.069 –23 10487 Danpeterson 07 04.7 14.1 0.919 -28 1279 Uganda 07 06.2 14.0 0.866 -32 1 23.2 0.16 2728 Yatskiv 07 09.1 14.6 1.041 -17

1752 van Herk 07 11.7 14.5 0.874 -16 820 Adriana** 07 20.9 14.2 1.962 -21 3216 Harrington 07 21.6 14.4 0.724 -23 13538 1991 ST 07 22.9 14.5 0.712 -31 138925 2001 AU43 08 02.5 13.5 0.214 -14

54 Asteroids BAA Handbook 2017 ASTEROIDS: FAVOURABLE OBSERVING OPPORTUNITIES Cont'd

Asteroid Opposition Amplitude Number Name Date V Δ Dec. U Period of Magnitude Variation m d au ° Code h 3699 Milbourn 08 03.0 14.5 0.954 –24 4460 Bihoro 08 08.4 14.0 1.489 –26 717 Wisibada 08 08.6 14.1 1.503 –17 2440 Educatio 08 13.3 14.5 0.857 –6 1843 Jarmila 08 15.1 14.4 1.233 –2

21893 1999 VL4 08 16.0 14.3 0.478 –20 4614 Masamura 08 23.2 14.4 0.766 –6 1 14.4 0.02 2171 Kiev 08 23.7 14.5 0.976 –22 3459 Bodil 09 02.1 14.5 0.929 –17 1358 Gaika 09 09.4 14.5 1.124 –7

1594 Danjon 09 15.1 14.0 1.007 –19 1 >12. 0.03 2353 Alva 09 15.4 14.5 1.512 –7 2021 Poincare 09 15.6 14.5 0.855 –6 4911 Rosenzweig 09 18.1 14.5 1.183 +10 3519 Ambiorix 09 18.9 14.5 0.927 –3

2633 Bishop 09 19.0 14.5 0.940 –7 3863 Gilyarovskij 09 20.3 14.5 1.021 –1 3702 Trubetskaya 09 24.1 14.0 1.057 –23 2585 Irpedina 09 25.8 13.6 0.877 –7 5189 1990 UQ* 10 01.5 14.2 0.072 –55

1608 Munoz 10 03.1 14.2 0.966 +6 763 Cupido 10 04.0 14.1 0.875 +12 1 14.88 0.03 2329 Orthos* 10 08.6 13.8 0.187 –77 916 America 10 09.8 12.9 0.830 +24 1 38. 0.28 1134 Kepler 10 10.3 14.2 0.543 +17

1283 Komsomolia 10 12.1 13.6 1.503 –2 1+ 96. 1.03 646 Kastalia 10 20.9 14.4 0.954 +24 5189 1990 UQ 10 21.1 16.1 0.212 –16 444584 2006 UK 11 01.8 16.9 0.412 +31 1264 Letaba 11 08.9 14.0 2.178 +22 1 32.16 0.13

444584 2006 UK* 11 15.9 14.5 0.027 +33 2329 Orthos 11 20.4 16.0 0.646 –40 1883 Rimito 11 26.3 14.3 0.819 +7 2638 Gadolin 12 01.9 14.4 1.361 +20 1007 Pawlowia 12 14.7 14.3 1.541 +26 1 8.23 0.02

1105 Fragaria 12 19.4 14.4 2.082 +15 1 10.88 0.12

* When brightest, **Low phase angle target

BAA Handbook 2017 Asteroids 55 ASTEROIDS: FAVOURABLE OBSERVING OPPORTUNITIES

OPPORTUNITIES AT LOW PHASE ANGLE AND AT OPPOSITION

Asteroids have been selected on the following criteria: V<14.0, Phase Angle ≤0.20° Asteroid Opposition Minimum Maximum Number Name Date Phase Angle V Dec. Period Change in Magnitude

m d ° ° h

846 Lipperta 01 06.5 0.06 14.0 +22 1641. 0.30 158 Koronis 01 14.7 0.15 12.8 +21 14.218 0.43 379 Huenna 03 01.4 0.12 13.9 +7 14.141 0.12 243 Ida 03 02.8 0.19 13.6 +7 4.634 0.86 589 Croatia 03 16.9 0.12 13.4 +1 24.821 0.25 77 Frigga 03 28.5 0.15 12.2 –3 9.012 0.20 886 Washingtonia 05 21.4 0.18 13.9 –21 9.001 0.12 116 Sirona 05 28.2 0.12 11.2 –22 12.028 0.55 394 Arduina 05 29.6 0.09 12.8 –22 16.53 0.54 346 Hermentaria 06 21.9 0.13 10.8 –23 28.43 0.20 40 Harmonia 06 23.4 0.13 9.3 –23 8.91 0.36 539 Pamina 06 27.6 0.11 13.3 –23 13.903 0.22 1784 Benguella 06 29.1 0.06 14.0 –23 10 Hygiea 06 29.8 0.19 9.1 –24 27.63 0.33 382 Dodona 08 09.1 0.19 12.8 –15 4.113 0.42 107 Camilla 09 13.3 0.14 12.0 –3 4.844 0.53 122 Gerda 10 07.4 0.20 12.3 +5 10.685 0.26 186 Celuta 10 07.9 0.07 10.7 +6 19.842 0.55 435 Ella 10 16.9 0.02 12.1 +9 4.623 0.45 207 Hedda 10 18.6 0.20 12.5 +9 30.098 0.11 24 Themis 10 19.9 0.05 11.5 +10 8.374 0.14 964 Subamara 10 25.4 0.12 14.0 +12 6.868 0.25 154 Bertha 10 30.3 0.03 12.2 +14 25.224 0.20 300 Geraldina 11 06.9 0.01 13.8 +16 6.8423 0.32 188 Menippe 11 23.2 0.01 12.9 +20 11.98 0.28 1181 Lilith 12 11.7 0.10 13.3 +23 15.04 0.13 1663 van den Bos 12 13.1 0.17 13.9 +23 740. 0.80

56 Asteroids BAA Handbook 2017 NEO CLOSE APPROACHES TO EARTH Prepared from data on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Near Earth Object Program website at: http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/ca/ This lists asteroids predicted to pass within 0.05 au (about 7.5 million km) of the Earth attaining magnitude 20.0 or brighter during 2017 (as of 2016 Apr 6). Especially favourable approaches are shown in bold. Newly- discovered objects may be added to the list available via the JPL NEO site, so do check this for recent updates. The Nominal Miss Distance is given in Lunar Distances (LD) and Astronomical Units (au). The apparent Elongation and Declination are geocentric. Ephemerides should be obtained near the time of observation from the MPC via its Minor Planet and Comet Ephemeris Service at: http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html

For your local ephemerides, choose a location or observatory near your site. Note that the positions of some objects are subject to significant uncertainty.

Object Close Nominal Relative Magnitude Date Elongation Declination Approach Miss Distance Velocity H (brightest) when when when Date* brightest brightest brightest LD** au km s–1 ° ° 226514 Jan. 2.5 19.03 0.0489 20.65 20.0 16.2 Dec. 30*** 112 +54 2015 BB Jan. 18 13.79 0.0354 15.85 24.9 18.7 Jan. 16 164 +25 2015 BN509 Feb. 7.9 16.21 0.0417 19.37 20.6 16.5 Feb. 5 110 +16 5604 Feb. 24.4 13.07 0.0336 11.94 17.1 12.5 Feb. 27 112 –48 2012 DR32 Mar. 2.7 2.67 0.0069 16.72 24.6 15.2 Mar. 1 172 +2 215588 Mar. 28.7 16.61 0.0427 22.89 19.4 15.5 Mar. 31 106 +18 2014 JO25 Apr. 19 4.85 0.0125 33.36 18.1 10.5 Apr. 19 144 +20 2012 EC May 16.5 19.45 0.0500 4.54 23.4 19.2 May 7 122 –40 2010 VB1 Jun. 16.2 10.17 0.0261 8.33 23.4 17.8 Jun. 18 128 +12 2013 UE3 Jun. 18.9 19.03 0.0489 7.69 22.7 19.0 Jun. 26 108 –52 441987 Jun. 24.3 7.89 0.0203 12.68 21.5 16.4 Jun. 26 100 +43 2014 OA339 Aug. 14 12.66 0.0325 10.12 24.4 19.3 Aug. 9 127 –49 3122 Florence Sep. 1.5 18.38 0.0472 13.53 14.1 8.6 Aug. 31 159 –10 1989 VB Sep. 29.8 7.88 0.0202 6.29 19.7 14.1 Sep. 29 97 –54 2012 TC4 Oct. 12 0.04 0.0001 9.90 26.7 9.8 Oct. 12 107 –64 2005 TE49 Oct. 14 4.40 0.0113 10.44 26.7 18.9 Oct. 12 147 –24 2013 UM9 Oct. 15 15.33 0.0394 7.67 24.8 19.9 Oct. 20 129 –23 2006 TU7 Oct. 18.9 18.60 0.0478 13.26 21.9 18.1 Oct. 14 108 –34 171576 Oct. 22.5 5.77 0.0148 21.20 18.5 12.4 Oct. 23 107 –28 2003 UV11 Oct. 31.1 14.97 0.0385 24.52 19.5 14.4 Oct. 29 143 +4 444584 Nov. 17.9 8.66 0.0223 14.80 20.1 14.5 Nov. 15 119 +33 2010 VD139 Nov. 29 4.94 0.0127 5.68 26.2 18.6 Nov. 27 136 +64 2008 WM61 Dec. 3 3.83 0.0098 4.69 26.7 18.8 Dec. 2 119 –37 2006 XY Dec. 20 5.90 0.0152 4.93 24.0 16.9 Dec. 20 124 –27 418849 Dec. 22.4 15.25 0.0392 17.38 20.6 14.7 Dec. 22 156 +28

* Dates are quoted to the nearest day if uncertainty in close approach date is greater than ±0.2 day ** Lunar Distance: 1.0 LD = 3.844 x 105 km or 0.00257 au *** 2016 Objects in bold are especially favourable.

BAA Handbook 2017 Asteroids 57 JUPITER

Opposition: April 7 Conjunction: October 26

2017 Equat Polar RA Dec. Mag D Δ Diam. Diam. E h m º ' " " º au Jan. –3 13 18.8 –6 57 –1.9 35.2 33.0 –2.8 5.594 7 13 22.7 –7 17 –2.0 36.3 33.9 –2.9 5.434 17 13 25.5 –7 31 –2.1 37.4 35.0 –2.9 5.273 27 13 27.2 –7 39 –2.1 38.6 36.1 –3.0 5.114 Feb. 6 13 27.8 –7 40 –2.2 39.7 37.2 –3.0 4.962 16 13 27.2 –7 33 –2.2 40.9 38.2 –3.0 4.822 26 13 25.4 –7 21 –2.3 42.0 39.2 –3.1 4.699 Mar. 8 13 22.5 –7 02 –2.4 42.9 40.1 –3.1 4.598 18 13 18.8 –6 38 –2.4 43.6 40.8 –3.1 4.521 28 13 14.4 –6 10 –2.4 44.1 41.2 –3.1 4.473 Apr. 7 13 9.7 –5 41 –2.4 44.3 41.4 –3.0 4.455 17 13 5.0 –5 13 –2.4 44.1 41.3 –3.0 4.468 27 13 0.6 –4 46 –2.4 43.7 40.9 –2.9 4.510 May 7 12 56.8 –4 24 –2.3 43.0 40.3 –2.9 4.580 17 12 53.8 –4 08 –2.3 42.2 39.4 –2.8 4.674 27 12 51.8 –3 58 –2.3 41.2 38.5 –2.8 4.789 Jun. 6 12 50.9 –3 55 –2.2 40.1 37.5 –2.7 4.921 16 12 51.1 –3 59 –2.1 38.9 36.4 –2.7 5.064 26 12 52.4 –4 10 –2.1 37.8 35.4 –2.6 5.215 Jul. 6 12 54.7 –4 28 –2.0 36.7 34.3 –2.6 5.370 16 12 58.0 –4 51 –2.0 35.7 33.4 –2.6 5.524 26 13 2.1 –5 19 –1.9 34.7 32.5 –2.6 5.675 Aug. 5 13 7.1 –5 52 –1.9 33.9 31.7 –2.6 5.818 15 13 12.7 –6 28 –1.8 33.1 31.0 –2.6 5.951 25 13 19.0 –7 08 –1.8 32.5 30.4 –2.6 6.073 Sep. 4 13 25.8 –7 50 –1.7 31.9 29.8 –2.7 6.179 14 13 33.0 –8 34 –1.7 31.4 29.4 –2.7 6.269 24 13 40.7 –9 19 –1.7 31.1 29.1 –2.7 6.341 Oct. 4 13 48.6 –10 05 –1.7 30.8 28.8 –2.8 6.393 14 13 56.8 –10 51 –1.6 30.7 28.7 –2.8 6.425 24 14 5.1 –11 36 –1.6 30.6 28.7 –2.8 6.435 Nov. 3 14 13.5 –12 20 –1.7 30.7 28.7 –2.9 6.424 13 14 21.9 –13 03 –1.7 30.8 28.8 –2.9 6.392 23 14 30.2 –13 44 –1.7 31.1 29.1 –3.0 6.338 Dec. 3 14 38.3 –14 22 –1.7 31.5 29.4 –3.0 6.264 13 14 46.1 –14 57 –1.7 32.0 29.9 –3.1 6.170 23 14 53.5 –15 30 –1.8 32.5 30.4 –3.1 6.059 33 15 0.5 –15 59 –1.8 33.2 31.1 –3.1 5.931

Description of the headings in the table can be found on page 20. 58 Jupiter BAA Handbook 2017 LONGITUDE OF CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF JUPITER SYSTEM I Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 217.1 72.6 176.5 35.7 96.0 311.3 5.5 214.8 62.7 112.5 320.5 11.8 2 14.9 230.6 334.6 193.8 254.0 109.2 163.2 12.5 220.4 270.2 118.2 169.6 3 172.8 28.5 132.6 351.8 51.9 267.1 321.0 170.2 18.0 67.9 275.8 327.3 4 330.7 186.5 290.6 149.8 209.9 64.9 118.7 327.9 175.7 225.5 73.5 125.0 5 128.6 344.5 88.6 307.9 7.9 222.7 276.5 125.6 333.3 23.2 231.2 282.8 6 286.5 142.5 246.7 105.9 165.8 20.6 74.2 283.2 131.0 180.9 28.9 80.5 7 84.4 300.4 44.7 263.9 323.8 178.4 232.0 80.9 288.7 338.5 186.6 238.3 8 242.3 98.4 202.7 62.0 121.7 336.3 29.7 238.6 86.3 136.2 344.3 36.0 9 40.2 256.4 0.8 220.0 279.7 134.1 187.4 36.3 244.0 293.9 142.0 193.8 10 198.1 54.4 158.8 18.0 77.6 291.9 345.2 194.0 41.6 91.5 299.7 351.5 11 356.0 212.4 316.9 176.0 235.5 89.7 142.9 351.6 199.3 249.2 97.4 149.3 12 153.9 10.4 114.9 334.1 33.5 247.5 300.6 149.3 357.0 46.9 255.1 307.0 13 311.8 168.3 272.9 132.1 191.4 45.4 98.4 307.0 154.6 204.5 52.8 104.8 14 109.7 326.3 71.0 290.1 349.3 203.2 256.1 104.7 312.3 2.2 210.6 262.5 15 267.6 124.3 229.0 88.1 147.3 1.0 53.8 262.3 109.9 159.9 8.3 60.3 16 65.5 282.3 27.1 246.1 305.2 158.8 211.5 60.0 267.6 317.6 166.0 218.1 17 223.5 80.3 185.1 44.1 103.1 316.6 9.3 217.7 65.3 115.2 323.7 15.8 18 21.4 238.3 343.1 202.1 261.0 114.4 167.0 15.4 222.9 272.9 121.4 173.6 19 179.3 36.4 141.2 0.2 58.9 272.2 324.7 173.0 20.6 70.6 279.1 331.4 20 337.2 194.4 299.2 158.2 216.8 70.0 122.4 330.7 178.2 228.3 76.8 129.1 21 135.2 352.4 97.3 316.2 14.7 227.8 280.1 128.4 335.9 25.9 234.5 286.9 22 293.1 150.4 255.3 114.2 172.6 25.5 77.8 286.0 133.6 183.6 32.3 84.7 23 91.0 308.4 53.4 272.2 330.5 183.3 235.5 83.7 291.2 341.3 190.0 242.5 24 249.0 106.4 211.4 70.1 128.4 341.1 33.2 241.4 88.9 139.0 347.7 40.3 25 46.9 264.4 9.4 228.1 286.3 138.9 190.9 39.0 246.5 296.7 145.4 198.0 26 204.9 62.5 167.5 26.1 84.1 296.6 348.6 196.7 44.2 94.3 303.2 355.8 27 2.8 220.5 325.5 184.1 242.0 94.4 146.3 354.4 201.9 252.0 100.9 153.6 28 160.8 18.5 123.6 342.1 39.9 252.2 304.0 152.0 359.5 49.7 258.6 311.4 29 318.7 281.6 140.1 197.8 50.0 101.7 309.7 157.2 207.4 56.4 109.2 30 116.7 79.6 298.0 355.6 207.7 259.4 107.4 314.9 5.1 214.1 267.0 31 274.6 237.7 153.5 57.1 265.0 162.8 64.8

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h º h º º m º m m º 1 36.58 7 256.05 10 6.10 1 0.61 6 3.66 2 73.16 8 292.63 20 12.19 2 1.22 7 4.27 3 109.74 9 329.21 30 18.29 3 1.83 8 4.88 4 146.32 10 365.79 40 24.39 4 2.44 9 5.49 5 182.90 11 402.37 50 30.48 5 3.05 10 6.10 6 219.48 12 438.95 60 36.58 System I applies to all objects situated on or between the north component of the South Equatorial Belt and the south component of the North Equatorial Belt.

BAA Handbook 2017 Jupiter 59 LONGITUDE OF CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF JUPITER SYSTEM II Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 335.0 314.0 204.3 186.9 18.3 357.1 182.4 155.2 126.6 307.5 278.9 101.4 2 125.3 104.3 354.7 337.3 168.7 147.4 332.5 305.3 276.6 97.6 69.0 251.5 3 275.5 254.7 145.1 127.7 319.0 297.6 122.6 95.3 66.6 247.6 219.1 41.6 4 65.8 45.0 295.5 278.2 109.3 87.8 272.8 245.4 216.7 37.6 9.1 191.7 5 216.0 195.4 85.9 68.6 259.7 238.0 62.9 35.4 6.7 187.7 159.2 341.8 6 6.3 345.7 236.3 219.0 50.0 28.2 213.0 185.5 156.7 337.7 309.3 131.9 7 156.5 136.0 26.7 9.4 200.3 178.4 3.1 335.6 306.8 127.7 99.3 282.1 8 306.8 286.4 177.1 159.8 350.6 328.6 153.2 125.6 96.8 277.8 249.4 72.2 9 97.1 76.7 327.5 310.2 140.9 118.8 303.3 275.7 246.8 67.8 39.5 222.3 10 247.3 227.1 117.9 100.5 291.2 269.0 93.4 65.7 36.9 217.9 189.5 12.4 11 37.6 17.5 268.3 250.9 81.6 59.2 243.5 215.8 186.9 7.9 339.6 162.5 12 187.9 167.8 58.7 41.3 231.9 209.4 33.6 5.8 336.9 157.9 129.7 312.7 13 338.2 318.2 209.1 191.7 22.2 359.6 183.7 155.8 127.0 308.0 279.8 102.8 14 128.5 108.5 359.5 342.1 172.5 149.8 333.8 305.9 277.0 98.0 69.8 252.9 15 278.7 258.9 149.9 132.5 322.7 300.0 123.9 95.9 67.0 248.1 219.9 43.0 16 69.0 49.3 300.3 282.9 113.0 90.1 274.0 246.0 217.0 38.1 10.0 193.2 17 219.3 199.7 90.8 73.3 263.3 240.3 64.1 36.0 7.1 188.2 160.1 343.3 18 9.6 350.0 241.2 223.6 53.6 30.5 214.2 186.1 157.1 338.2 310.2 133.5 19 159.9 140.4 31.6 14.0 203.9 180.6 4.3 336.1 307.1 128.2 100.2 283.6 20 310.2 290.8 182.0 164.4 354.2 330.8 154.4 126.1 97.2 278.3 250.3 73.7 21 100.5 81.2 332.4 314.8 144.4 121.0 304.4 276.2 247.2 68.3 40.4 223.9 22 250.8 231.5 122.8 105.1 294.7 271.1 94.5 66.2 37.2 218.4 190.5 14.0 23 41.1 21.9 273.2 255.5 85.0 61.3 244.6 216.3 187.3 8.4 340.6 164.2 24 191.4 172.3 63.6 45.9 235.2 211.4 34.7 6.3 337.3 158.5 130.7 314.3 25 341.7 322.7 214.1 196.2 25.5 1.6 184.7 156.3 127.3 308.5 280.8 104.5 26 132.1 113.1 4.5 346.6 175.7 151.7 334.8 306.4 277.4 98.6 70.9 254.6 27 282.4 263.5 154.9 136.9 326.0 301.8 124.9 96.4 67.4 248.7 221.0 44.8 28 72.7 53.9 305.3 287.3 116.2 92.0 275.0 246.4 217.4 38.7 11.1 194.9 29 223.0 95.7 77.6 266.4 242.1 65.0 36.5 7.5 188.8 161.2 345.1 30 13.3 246.1 228.0 56.7 32.3 215.1 186.5 157.5 338.8 311.3 135.3 31 163.7 36.5 206.9 5.1 336.5 128.9 285.4 CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h º h º m º m º m º 1 36.26 7 253.83 10 6.04 1 0.60 6 3.63 2 72.52 8 290.09 20 12.09 2 1.21 7 4.23 3 108.78 9 326.35 30 18.13 3 1.81 8 4.83 4 145.05 10 362.61 40 24.17 4 2.42 9 5.44 5 181.31 11 398.87 50 30.22 5 3.02 10 6.04 6 217.57 12 435.14 60 36.26 System II applies to all objects situated north of the south component of the North Equatorial Belt or south of the north component of the South Equatorial Belt. 60 Jupiter BAA Handbook 2017 LONGITUDE OF CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF JUPITER SYSTEM III (2009) Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 68.4 55.6 313.2 304.1 143.5 130.7 324.0 305.2 284.8 113.8 93.4 283.8 2 218.9 206.2 103.9 94.8 294.2 281.2 114.4 95.5 75.1 264.1 243.7 74.1 3 9.4 356.8 254.5 245.5 84.8 71.7 264.8 245.8 225.4 54.4 34.0 224.5 4 159.9 147.4 45.2 36.1 235.4 222.2 55.2 36.2 15.7 204.7 184.4 14.9 5 310.5 298.0 195.9 186.8 26.0 12.7 205.6 186.5 166.0 355.0 334.7 165.3 6 101.0 88.6 346.5 337.5 176.6 163.2 356.0 336.8 316.3 145.3 125.0 315.6 7 251.5 239.2 137.2 128.1 327.1 313.6 146.4 127.1 106.6 295.6 275.4 106.0 8 42.0 29.8 287.9 278.8 117.7 104.1 296.8 277.5 256.9 85.9 65.7 256.4 9 192.6 180.4 78.5 69.5 268.3 254.6 87.1 67.8 47.2 236.2 216.0 46.8 10 343.1 331.0 229.2 220.1 58.9 45.0 237.5 218.1 197.5 26.5 6.4 197.2 11 133.6 121.7 19.9 10.8 209.5 195.5 27.9 8.4 347.8 176.8 156.7 347.6 12 284.2 272.3 170.6 161.5 0.0 346.0 178.2 158.7 138.1 327.1 307.0 137.9 13 74.7 62.9 321.2 312.1 150.6 136.4 328.6 309.0 288.4 117.4 97.4 288.3 14 225.3 213.5 111.9 102.8 301.2 286.9 119.0 99.3 78.7 267.7 247.7 78.7 15 15.8 4.2 262.6 253.4 91.7 77.3 269.3 249.7 229.0 58.0 38.1 229.1 16 166.4 154.8 53.3 44.1 242.3 227.8 59.7 40.0 19.3 208.3 188.4 19.5 17 316.9 305.4 203.9 194.7 32.9 18.2 210.1 190.3 169.6 358.6 338.8 169.9 18 107.5 96.1 354.6 345.4 183.4 168.6 0.4 340.6 319.9 148.9 129.1 320.3 19 258.0 246.7 145.3 136.0 334.0 319.1 150.8 130.9 110.2 299.2 279.5 110.7 20 48.6 37.3 296.0 286.7 124.5 109.5 301.1 281.2 260.5 89.6 69.8 261.1 21 199.2 188.0 86.7 77.3 275.0 259.9 91.5 71.5 50.8 239.9 220.2 51.5 22 349.7 338.6 237.3 227.9 65.6 50.4 241.8 221.8 201.1 30.2 10.5 202.0 23 140.3 129.3 28.0 18.6 216.1 200.8 32.2 12.1 351.4 180.5 160.9 352.4 24 290.9 279.9 178.7 169.2 6.6 351.2 182.5 162.4 141.7 330.8 311.2 142.8 25 81.5 70.6 329.4 319.8 157.2 141.6 332.8 312.7 292.0 121.1 101.6 293.2 26 232.0 221.2 120.0 110.5 307.7 292.0 123.2 103.0 82.3 271.5 251.9 83.6 27 22.6 11.9 270.7 261.1 98.2 82.4 273.5 253.3 232.6 61.8 42.3 234.0 28 173.2 162.6 61.4 51.7 248.7 232.8 63.9 43.6 22.9 212.1 192.7 24.5 29 323.8 212.1 202.3 39.2 23.2 214.2 193.9 173.2 2.4 343.0 174.9 30 114.4 2.8 352.9 189.7 173.6 4.5 344.2 323.5 152.7 133.4 325.3 31 265.0 153.4 340.2 154.9 134.5 303.1 115.7

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME h º h º m º m º m º 1 36.27 7 253.91 10 6.05 1 0.60 6 3.63 2 72.54 8 290.18 20 12.09 2 1.21 7 4.23 3 108.82 9 326.45 30 18.14 3 1.81 8 4.84 4 145.09 10 362.72 40 24.18 4 2.42 9 5.44 5 181.36 11 399.00 50 30.23 5 3.02 10 6.05 6 217.63 12 435.27 60 36.27 System III applies to the origin of radio emissions from the planet. See page 62 for a description. BAA Handbook 2017 Jupiter 61 LONGITUDE OF CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF JUPITER SYSTEM III – DEFINITION Radio radiation from Jupiter at around 20MHz was discovered in 1955. It varies with the rotation of the planet and this is known as "System III". It is of interest because it indicates rotation beneath the cloud cover. Radio radiation emanates from the magnetosphere of Jupiter, and the rotation is due to the fact that the magnetic poles are not situated exactly at the poles of rotation. (The position of the satellite Io and the DE value are also significant for predicting "radio storms" from Jupiter.) In 1976 the IAU adopted a rotation for System III of 870.536 degrees per day. More recent work suggested an improvement to 870.536642, adopted in 2000 and used in recent BAA Handbooks. However subsequent analysis of data from Galileo gives a different value, consistent with 870.536 and its implied accuracy but not with 870.536642. The IAU provisionally recommends that 870.536 be used.

SATELLITES OF JUPITER

The satellites move from east to west across the face of the planet, and from west to east behind it. After conjunction with the Sun and before opposition, the shadow of Jupiter falls to the west, eclipse precedes occultation, and shadow–transit precedes transit. After opposition, the order of phenomena is reversed, occultation preceding eclipse and transit preceding shadow–transit.

Both phases of eclipse (EcD and EcR) and of occultation (OcD and OcR) of satellites III and IV may be seen if not too near opposition. Satellite I is much closer to the planet, and eclipse and occultation merge into one, OcD being followed by EcR after opposition and before conjunction, while EcD is followed by OcR after conjunction and before opposition. Satellite II normally behaves in the same manner but on rare occasions the separate phenomena of II may be observed. This happens when the planet is near quadrature and is tilted at almost the maximum amount.

On a few occasions all three of the inner satellites may be involved simultaneously in these phenomena. The motions of these three satellites are related in such a way that it is impossible for all three to undergo the same phenomenon at the same time.

The Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides supplies event timings in Terrestrial Time (TT). These have been converted to Universal Time (UT), closely, by subtracting one minute (see tables on p.67–76), since ΔT is just over one minute now. The times of phenomena are given for the centre of the satellite. The light of the satellite will therefore begin to fade before the times given here, and observation should commence several minutes before the predicted times.

Charts are included for all 12 months of the year, even though Jupiter will be in conjunction with the Sun on October 26, and therefore not observable for a few weeks either side of this date.

For all charts the satellites are labelled: I Io II Europa III Ganymede IV Callisto 62 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2017 March February CONFIGURATION OF SATELLITES I – IV – I SATELLITES OF CONFIGURATION SATELLITES OF 2017 JUPITER OF SATELLITES January

BAA Handbook 2017 Satellites of Jupiter 63 June May CONFIGURATION OF SATELLITES I – IV – I SATELLITES OF CONFIGURATION SATELLITES OF 2017 JUPITER OF SATELLITES April

64 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2017 September August CONFIGURATION OF SATELLITES I – IV – I SATELLITES OF CONFIGURATION SATELLITES OF 2017 JUPITER OF SATELLITES July

BAA Handbook 2017 Satellites of Jupiter 65 December November CONFIGURATION OF SATELLITES I – IV – I SATELLITES OF CONFIGURATION SATELLITES OF 2017 JUPITER OF SATELLITES October

66 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2017 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS The times are for mid–phenomena, i.e. for eclipses, the planet’s shadow bisecting the satellite; for other events, the Jupiter’s limb bisecting the satellite or the satellite shadow.

Abbreviations: OcD and OcR occultation disappearance and reappearance EcD and EcR eclipse disappearance and reappearance TrI and TrE transit ingress and egress ShI and ShE shadow–transit ingress and egress

January January

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE

0 I 05 38 09 03 0 II 11 48 14 19 14 14 16 39 1 III 01 06 03 47 06 10 08 31 1 I 02 59 05 11 04 11 06 22 2 I 00 07 03 31 2/ 3 I 21 27 23 40 22 40 00 51 2 II 06 50 11 48 4 II 01 05 03 36 03 32 05 57 3 I 18 35 22 00 4 III 15 00 17 39 20 05 22 22 5 I 13 03 16 28 4 I 15 56 18 08 17 09 19 19 5/6 II 20 08 01 06 6 I 10 24 12 36 11 37 13 48 7 I 07 31 10 57 7 II 14 22 16 53 16 50 19 14 8 III 05 04 07 44 10 13 12 30 8 I 04 52 07 04 06 06 08 16 9 I 02 00 05 25 9/10 I 23 21 01 33 00 34 02 45 9 II 09 25 14 24 11 II 03 39 06 09 06 07 08 31 10 I 20 28 23 53 11 I 17 49 20 01 19 02 21 13 12 I 14 56 18 22 11/12 III 18 58 21 35 00 05 02 19 12/13 II 22 43 01 16 03 41 13 I 12 17 14 29 13 31 15 41 14 I 09 24 12 50 14 II 16 55 19 26 19 24 21 47 15 III 09 02 11 41 14 12 16 26 15 I 06 46 08 57 07 59 10 09 16 I 03 52 07 18 17 I 01 14 03 26 02 27 04 37 16 II 12 00 16 58 18 II 06 12 08 43 08 41 11 04 17/18 I 22 21 01 46 18 I 19 42 21 54 20 55 23 05 19 I 16 49 20 14 18/19 III 22 55 01 32 04 02 06 13 20 II 01 18 06 14 20 I 14 11 16 22 15 23 17 33 21 I 11 17 14 42 21/22 II 19 29 21 59 21 57 00 19 22 III 12 59 15 37 18 06 20 17 22 I 08 39 10 51 09 51 12 01 23 I 05 45 09 10 24 I 03 07 05 19 04 19 06 29 23 II 14 35 19 29 25 II 08 46 11 16 11 13 13 34 25 I 00 14 03 37 25/26 I 21 35 23 47 22 47 00 57 26 I 18 42 22 05 26 III 02 53 05 29 07 55 10 02 27 II 03 53 08 44 27 I 16 04 18 15 17 15 19 25 28 I 13 10 16 33 28/29 II 22 03 00 33 00 27 02 49 29/30 III 16 56 19 33 21 56 00 03 29 I 10 32 12 44 11 42 13 52 30 I 07 38 11 01 31 I 05 00 07 12 06 10 08 20 30 II 17 10 21 58

BAA Handbook 2017 Satellites of Jupiter 67 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS February February

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE

1 I 02 07 05 28 1 II 11 20 13 50 13 42 16 03 2 I 20 35 23 56 1/ 2 I 23 29 01 40 00 38 02 47 3 II 06 28 11 12 2 III 06 51 09 25 11 43 13 47 4 I 15 03 18 23 3 I 17 57 20 09 19 05 21 15 5/6 III 20 53 23 29 01 41 03 46 5 II 00 37 03 07 02 56 05 17 6 I 09 32 12 50 5 I 12 25 14 37 13 33 15 42 6/7 II 19 45 00 25 7 I 06 53 09 05 08 00 10 10 8 I 04 00 07 18 8 II 13 54 16 24 16 09 18 30 9/10 I 22 28 01 45 9 I 01 22 03 33 02 27 04 37 10 II 09 02 13 38 9 III 10 49 13 22 15 27 17 28 11 I 16 56 20 12 10 I 19 50 22 02 20 54 23 04 13 III 00 51 03 26 05 22 07 24 12 II 03 11 05 41 05 22 07 43 13 I 11 25 14 39 12 I 14 18 16 30 15 21 17 31 13/14 II 22 19 02 50 14 I 08 47 10 58 09 49 11 58 15 I 05 53 09 06 15 II 16 28 18 58 18 35 20 55 17 I 00 21 03 33 16 I 03 15 05 27 04 16 06 25 17 II 11 37 16 02 16 III 14 46 17 19 19 05 21 04 18 I 18 50 22 00 17/18 I 21 43 23 55 22 43 00 52 20 III 04 49 07 23 08 59 10 58 19 II 05 45 08 15 07 46 10 06 20 I 13 18 16 27 19 I 16 11 18 23 17 09 19 19 21 II 00 54 05 13 21 I 10 40 12 51 11 36 13 46 22 I 07 46 10 54 22 II 19 03 21 32 20 58 23 18 24 I 02 15 05 20 23 I 05 08 07 20 06 03 08 13 24 II 14 11 18 23 23/24 III 18 43 21 15 22 38 00 35 25 I 20 43 23 47 24/25 I 23 36 01 48 00 30 02 39 27 III 08 47 11 20 12 30 14 28 26 II 08 20 10 49 10 08 12 28 27 I 15 11 18 14 26 I 18 05 20 16 18 56 21 06 28 II 03 28 07 33 28 I 12 33 14 45 13 23 15 32

March March

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 1 I 09 40 12 40 1/ 2 II 21 38 00 07 23 19 01 39 3 I 04 08 07 07 2 I 07 01 09 13 07 49 09 59 3 II 16 45 20 43 2/ 3 III 22 41 01 11 02 06 04 03 4/5 I 22 36 01 33 4 I 01 29 03 41 02 16 04 25 6 III 12 46 15 17 15 57 17 55 5 II 10 55 13 24 12 28 14 48 6 I 17 05 20 00 5 I 19 58 22 10 20 42 22 52 7 II 06 02 09 52 7 I 14 26 16 38 15 09 17 18 8 I 11 33 14 26 9 II 00 13 02 42 01 38 03 58 10 I 06 02 08 52 9 I 08 54 11 06 09 35 11 44 10 II 19 20 23 00 10 III 02 38 05 08 05 31 07 28 68 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2017 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

March cont'd March cont'd

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE

12 I 00 30 03 19 11 I 03 23 05 35 04 01 06 11 13 III 16 44 19 14 19 20 21 18 12 II 13 30 15 59 14 47 17 07 13 I 18 58 21 45 12/13 I 21 51 00 03 22 27 00 37 14 II 08 37 12 09 14 I 16 19 18 31 16 53 19 03 15 I 13 27 16 11 16 II 02 48 05 17 03 55 06 16 17 I 07 55 10 37 16 I 10 48 13 00 11 19 13 29 17/18 II 21 54 01 17 17 III 06 37 09 06 08 53 10 50 19 I 02 24 05 03 18 I 05 16 07 28 05 46 07 55 20/21 III 20 41 00 38 19 II 16 05 18 34 17 03 19 24 20 I 20 52 23 29 19/20 I 23 44 01 56 00 12 02 21 21 II 11 11 14 24 21 I 18 13 20 25 18 38 20 47 22 I 15 21 17 55 23 II 05 23 07 52 06 12 08 32 24 I 09 49 12 22 23 I 12 41 14 53 13 04 15 13 25 II 00 28 03 32 24 III 10 35 13 03 12 11 14 10 26 I 04 18 06 48 25 I 07 10 09 21 07 30 09 39 27/28 I 22 46 01 14 26 II 18 41 21 09 19 19 21 40 28 III 00 39 03 56 27 I 01 38 03 50 01 55 04 05 28 II 13 45 16 39 28 I 20 06 22 18 20 21 22 31 29 I 17 15 19 40 30 II 07 59 10 28 08 27 10 48 31 I 11 43 14 06 30 I 14 35 16 47 14 47 16 57 31 III 14 33 17 00 15 28 17 28

April April

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 1 II 03 02 05 46 1 I 09 03 11 15 09 13 11 23 2 I 06 12 08 32 2 II 21 17 23 45 21 34 23 56 4 I 00 40 02 58 3 I 03 32 05 43 03 39 05 49 4 III 04 38 07 14 4/ 5 I 22 00 00 12 22 05 00 15 4 II 16 19 18 53 6 II 10 35 13 03 10 42 13 04 5 I 19 09 21 24 6 I 16 28 18 40 16 31 18 41 7 I 13 37 15 50 7 III 18 31 20 57 18 43 20 45

Jupiter in Opposition to the Sun: 2017 April 7d 22h

BAA Handbook 2017 Satellites of Jupiter 69 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

April cont'd April cont'd

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 8 II 05 36 08 04 8 I 10 57 13 07 10 57 13 09 9 I 08 05 10 18 9/10 II 23 49 02 12 23 53 02 21 11 I 02 31 04 47 10 I 05 23 07 33 05 25 07 37 11 III 08 27 11 04 11/12 I 23 49 01 59 23 54 02 06 11 II 18 45 21 21 13 II 12 57 15 20 13 11 15 39 12 I 20 57 23 16 13 I 18 14 20 25 18 22 20 34 14 I 15 23 17 44 14/15 III 21 57 00 03 22 29 00 54 15 II 07 52 10 38 15 I 12 40 14 51 12 51 15 02 16 I 09 49 12 13 17 II 02 05 04 28 02 29 04 57 18 I 04 15 06 41 17 I 07 06 09 17 07 19 09 31 18 III 11 43 15 01 19 I 01 32 03 43 01 48 03 59 18 II 20 59 23 55 20 II 15 13 17 36 15 48 18 16 19/20 I 22 41 01 10 20 I 19 58 22 09 20 16 22 28 21 I 17 07 19 39 22 III 01 13 03 22 02 27 04 51 22 II 10 06 13 12 22 I 14 24 16 35 14 45 16 56 23 I 11 33 14 07 24 II 04 20 06 44 05 06 07 33 25 I 05 59 08 36 24 I 08 51 11 01 09 13 11 25 25 III 15 00 19 00 26 I 03 17 05 27 03 42 05 53 25/26 II 23 13 02 28 27 II 17 29 19 54 18 25 20 52 27 I 00 25 03 05 27/28 I 21 43 23 53 22 10 00 22 28 I 18 52 21 33 29 III 04 30 06 42 06 26 08 48 29 II 12 20 15 45 29 I 16 09 18 20 16 39 18 50 30 I 13 18 16 02

May May

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE

2 I 07 44 10 31 1 II 06 38 09 02 07 43 10 10 2 III 18 18 20 33 20 34 22 57 1 I 10 35 12 46 11 07 13 19 3 II 01 28 05 02 3 I 05 02 07 12 05 36 07 47 4 I 02 11 04 59 4 II 19 47 22 12 21 02 23 29 5 I 20 37 23 28 4/ 5 I 23 28 01 39 00 05 02 16 6 II 14 36 18 19 6 III 07 51 10 07 10 25 12 47 7 I 15 04 17 57 6 I 17 54 20 05 18 33 20 44 9 I 09 30 12 25 8 II 08 56 11 22 10 20 12 46 9/10 III 21 40 23 58 00 33 02 55 8 I 12 21 14 31 13 02 15 13 10 II 03 45 07 36 10 I 06 47 08 58 07 30 09 41 11 I 03 57 06 54 11/12 II 22 07 00 33 23 39 02 05

70 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2017 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

May cont'd May cont'd

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 12/13 I 22 24 01 23 12 I 01 14 03 25 01 59 04 10 13 II 16 54 20 53 13 III 11 15 13 34 14 24 16 44 14 I 16 51 19 51 13 I 19 41 21 51 20 27 22 38 16 I 11 17 14 20 15 II 11 17 13 43 12 57 15 23 17 III 01 05 03 27 04 32 06 53 15 I 14 07 16 18 14 56 17 07 17 II 06 04 10 10 17 I 08 34 10 45 09 24 11 35 18 I 05 44 08 49 19 II 00 28 02 55 02 16 04 42 20 I 00 11 03 18 19 I 03 01 05 12 03 53 06 04 20 II 19 14 23 27 20 III 14 43 17 05 18 24 20 43 21 I 18 38 21 46 20/21 I 21 28 23 39 22 22 00 32 23 I 13 05 16 15 22 II 13 39 16 07 15 34 18 00 24 III 04 35 07 00 08 32 10 51 22 I 15 55 18 06 16 50 19 01 24 II 08 24 12 44 24 I 10 22 12 33 11 19 13 29 25 I 07 33 10 44 26 II 02 52 05 19 04 54 07 19 27 I 02 00 05 13 26 I 04 49 07 00 05 47 07 58 27/28 II 21 35 02 01 27/28 III 18 15 20 39 22 22 00 40 28 I 20 27 23 41 27/28 I 23 16 01 27 00 16 02 26 30 I 14 55 18 10 29 II 16 04 18 32 18 12 20 37 31 III 08 10 10 37 12 32 14 51 29 I 17 44 19 54 18 45 20 55 31 II 10 47 15 18 31 I 12 11 14 22 13 13 15 24

June June

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 1 I 09 22 12 39 2 II 05 18 07 46 07 31 09 56 3 I 03 50 07 08 2 I 06 38 08 49 07 42 09 52 3/4 II 23 59 04 35 3/ 4 III 21 51 00 18 02 21 04 37 4/5 I 22 17 01 37 4 I 01 06 03 16 02 11 04 21 6 I 16 45 20 05 5 II 18 31 21 00 20 49 23 14 7 III 11 49 14 19 16 32 18 49 5 I 19 33 21 44 20 39 22 49 7 II 13 12 17 52 7 I 14 01 16 12 15 08 17 18 8 I 11 13 14 34 9 II 07 46 10 15 10 09 12 33 10 I 05 40 09 03 9 I 08 29 10 39 09 36 11 47 11 II 02 25 07 10 11 III 01 32 04 00 06 20 08 35 12 I 00 08 03 32 11 I 02 56 05 07 04 05 06 15 13 I 18 36 22 01 12/13 II 21 01 23 29 23 27 01 51 14 III 15 33 18 05 20 32 22 48 12/13 I 21 24 23 35 22 34 00 44 14 II 15 39 20 27 14 I 15 52 18 03 17 02 19 12 BAA Handbook 2017 Satellites of Jupiter 71 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

June cont'd June cont'd

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE

15 I 13 04 16 29 16 II 10 17 12 46 12 46 15 10 17 I 07 32 10 58 16 I 10 20 12 31 11 31 13 41 18 II 04 53 09 44 18 I 04 48 06 59 06 00 08 10 19 I 02 01 05 27 18 III 05 17 07 48 10 19 12 33 20 I 20 29 23 56 19/20 I 23 16 01 27 00 28 02 38 21 II 18 08 20 37 20 37 23 01 19/20 II 23 32 02 01 02 04 04 28 21/22 III 19 21 21 54 00 31 02 47 21 I 17 44 19 55 18 57 21 07 22 I 14 57 18 25 23 I 12 12 14 23 13 26 15 36 24 I 09 26 12 53 23 II 12 49 15 19 15 24 17 47 25 II 07 24 09 53 09 54 12 18 25 I 06 40 08 51 07 54 10 04 26 I 03 54 07 22 25 III 09 08 11 40 14 19 16 32 27/28 I 22 22 01 51 27 I 01 09 03 20 02 23 04 33 28/29 II 20 40 23 09 23 12 01 35 27 II 02 06 04 36 04 42 07 05 28/29 III 23 13 01 48 04 30 06 45 28 I 19 37 21 48 20 52 23 01 29 I 16 51 20 20 30 I 14 06 16 16 15 20 17 30 30 II 15 24 17 54 18 01 20 24

July July

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 1 I 11 20 14 49 2 I 08 34 10 45 09 49 11 59 2 II 09 56 12 26 12 29 14 52 2 III 13 02 15 35 18 18 20 31 3 I 05 48 09 17 4 I 03 03 05 14 04 18 06 27 5 I 00 17 03 46 4 II 04 42 07 12 07 20 09 42 5/6 II 23 13 01 43 01 46 04 10 5/ 6 I 21 31 23 42 22 46 00 56 6 III 03 10 05 45 08 30 10 43 7 I 16 00 18 11 17 15 19 25 6 I 18 46 22 15 7 II 18 01 20 31 20 39 23 01 8 I 13 15 16 44 9 I 10 29 12 40 11 44 13 53 9 II 12 30 15 00 15 04 17 27 9/10 III 17 01 19 35 22 18 00 29 10 I 07 44 11 13 11 I 04 57 07 08 06 12 08 22 12 I 02 13 05 41 11 II 07 20 09 50 09 57 12 20 13 II 01 48 04 18 04 21 06 44 12/13 I 23 26 01 37 00 41 02 51 13 III 07 10 09 47 12 29 14 42 14 I 17 55 20 06 19 10 21 19 13/14 I 20 42 00 10 14/15 II 20 40 23 09 23 16 01 38

72 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2017 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

July cont'd July cont'd

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 15 I 15 11 18 39 16 I 12 24 14 35 13 38 15 48 16 II 15 06 17 36 17 38 20 01 16/17 III 21 03 23 37 02 17 04 27 17 I 09 40 13 08 18 I 06 53 09 04 08 07 10 17 19 I 04 09 07 37 18 II 09 59 12 29 12 34 14 57 20 II 04 25 06 55 06 56 09 19 20 I 01 22 03 33 02 36 04 45 20 III 11 16 13 52 16 30 18 41 21 I 19 51 22 02 21 04 23 14 20/21 I 22 38 02 05 21/22 II 23 20 01 50 01 53 04 15 22 I 17 08 20 34 23 I 14 20 16 32 15 33 17 43 23 II 17 44 22 36 24 III 01 08 03 43 06 16 08 25 24 I 11 37 15 03 25 I 08 49 11 01 10 02 12 11 26 I 06 06 09 32 25 II 12 40 15 10 15 12 17 34 27 II 07 04 11 53 27 I 03 19 05 30 04 30 06 40 27 III 15 24 18 00 20 29 22 40 28/29 I 21 48 23 59 22 59 01 09 28 I 00 36 04 00 29 II 02 02 04 32 04 30 06 52 29 I 19 05 22 29 30 I 16 17 18 29 17 28 19 37 30/31 II 20 24 01 10 31 III 05 17 07 52 10 15 12 23 31 I 13 35 16 58

August August

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 2 I 08 04 11 27 1 I 10 47 12 58 11 56 14 06 3 II 09 44 14 28 1 II 15 23 17 53 17 49 20 10 3/4 III 19 35 22 11 00 29 02 39 3 I 05 16 07 27 06 25 08 35 4 I 02 34 05 56 4/ 5 I 23 46 01 57 00 54 03 04 5/6 I 21 03 00 24 5 II 04 45 07 15 07 07 09 29 6/7 II 23 05 03 45 6 I 18 15 20 26 19 22 21 32 7 I 15 33 18 53 7 III 09 29 12 03 14 14 16 22 9 I 10 03 13 22 8 I 12 45 14 56 13 51 16 01 10 II 12 26 17 03 8 II 18 07 20 36 20 26 22 47 10/11 III 23 49 02 25 04 28 06 37 10 I 07 14 09 26 08 20 10 30 11 I 04 33 07 51 12 I 01 44 03 55 02 48 04 58 12/13 I 23 02 02 19 12 II 07 30 09 59 09 44 12 06 14 II 01 48 06 20 13 I 20 13 22 25 21 17 23 27 14 I 17 32 20 48 14 III 13 45 16 18 18 14 20 21 16 I 12 02 15 17 15 I 14 43 16 55 15 46 17 56 17 II 15 09 19 37 15/16 II 20 52 23 21 23 02 01 24 18 III 04 05 06 40 08 27 10 35 17 I 09 13 11 24 10 14 12 24 18 I 06 32 09 45 19 I 03 42 05 54 04 43 06 53 20 I 01 02 04 14 19 II 10 15 12 44 12 21 14 42 BAA Handbook 2017 Satellites of Jupiter 73 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

August cont'd August cont'd

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 21 II 04 31 08 55 20/21 I 22 12 00 24 23 12 01 22 21 I 19 32 22 43 21/22 III 18 02 20 35 22 13 00 19 23 I 14 02 17 12 22 I 16 42 18 54 17 40 19 50 24 II 17 54 22 12 22/23 II 23 38 02 07 01 39 04 00 25 III 08 24 10 58 12 27 14 33 24 I 11 12 13 23 12 09 14 19 25 I 08 32 11 40 26 I 05 42 07 53 06 38 08 48 27 I 03 02 06 09 26 II 13 01 15 30 14 57 17 18 28 II 07 16 11 30 28 I 00 12 02 23 01 06 03 16 28/29 I 21 32 00 38 28/29 III 22 22 00 54 02 13 04 18 30 I 16 02 19 06 29 I 18 41 20 53 19 35 21 45 31/1 II 20 39 00 47 30 II 02 25 04 53 04 15 06 36 31 I 13 11 15 23 14 03 16 14

September September

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 1 I 10 32 13 35 2 I 07 41 09 53 08 32 10 42 1 III 12 45 15 17 16 26 18 32 2 II 15 49 18 17 17 34 19 54 3 I 05 02 08 04 4 I 02 11 04 23 03 01 05 11 4 II 10 02 14 05 5 III 02 44 05 14 06 12 08 16 4/5 I 23 32 02 32 5 I 20 41 22 53 21 29 23 40 6 I 18 02 21 01 6 II 05 12 07 40 06 51 09 12 7/8 II 23 26 03 22 7 I 15 11 17 23 15 58 18 08 8 I 12 32 15 30 9 I 09 41 11 53 10 27 12 37 8 III 17 09 19 39 20 26 22 31 9 II 18 36 21 04 20 10 22 30 10 I 07 02 09 58 11 I 04 12 06 23 04 55 07 06 11 II 12 49 16 40 12 III 07 06 09 35 10 10 12 14 12 I 01 33 04 27 12/13 I 22 42 00 54 23 24 01 34 13 I 20 03 22 56 13 II 08 00 10 28 09 27 11 48 15 II 02 13 05 58 14 I 17 12 19 24 17 52 20 03 15 I 14 33 17 24 16 I 11 42 13 54 12 21 14 32 15/16 III 21 34 00 02 00 25 02 29 16/17 II 21 25 23 52 22 45 01 06 17 I 09 03 11 53 18 I 06 12 08 24 06 50 09 00 18 II 15 37 19 15 19 III 11 31 13 58 14 09 16 12 19 I 03 33 06 21 20 I 00 42 02 54 01 18 03 29 20/21 I 22 04 00 50 20 II 10 49 13 16 12 03 14 23 22 II 05 02 08 33 21 I 19 12 21 24 19 47 21 57 22 I 16 34 19 19 23 I 13 43 15 55 14 16 16 26

74 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2017 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

September cont'd September cont'd

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 23 III 02 00 06 27 24 II 00 14 02 40 01 21 03 41 24 I 11 04 13 47 25 I 08 13 10 25 08 44 10 55 25 II 18 26 21 50 26 III 15 57 18 22 18 08 20 10 26 I 05 35 08 16 27 I 02 43 04 55 03 13 05 23 28 I 00 05 02 44 27 II 13 38 16 04 14 38 16 58 29 II 07 50 11 08 28 I 21 13 23 25 21 41 23 52 29 I 18 35 21 13 30 I 15 44 17 56 16 10 18 21 30 III 06 26 10 25

Jupiter in conjunction with the Sun: 2017 September 26d 18h

November November

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 21 II 16 16 19 29 22 I 18 26 20 37 18 53 21 04 21 I 21 16 23 53 23 III 01 58 03 53 03 44 05 47 23 I 15 45 18 23 23 II 11 14 13 32 12 07 14 27 25 II 05 34 08 54 24 I 12 55 15 05 13 23 15 34 25 I 10 13 12 53 26 I 07 23 09 34 07 53 10 04 26 III 16 10 18 06 18 11 20 13 27 II 00 31 02 48 01 31 03 50 27 I 04 42 07 23 28 I 01 52 04 02 02 23 04 35 28 II 18 52 22 18 29 I 20 20 22 31 20 54 23 05 28/29 I 23 10 01 53 30 III 05 56 07 51 08 11 10 11 30 I 17 38 20 23 30 II 13 48 16 05 14 54 17 13

BAA Handbook 2017 Satellites of Jupiter 75 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

December December

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 2 II 08 10 11 43 1 I 14 49 16 59 15 24 17 35 2 I 12 07 14 53 3 I 09 17 11 28 09 54 12 05 3/4 III 20 08 22 03 22 36 00 36 4 II 03 04 05 21 04 17 06 36 4 I 06 35 09 23 5 I 03 46 05 56 04 24 06 35 5/6 II 21 28 01 07 6/ 7 I 22 14 00 25 22 54 01 05 6 I 01 03 03 52 7 III 09 55 11 48 12 36 14 33 7 I 19 32 22 22 7 II 16 21 18 38 17 40 19 58 9 II 10 46 14 32 8 I 16 43 18 53 17 24 19 35 9 I 14 00 16 52 10 I 11 11 13 22 11 54 14 05 11 III 00 06 02 00 03 01 04 57 11 II 05 38 07 55 07 03 09 21 11 I 08 28 11 22 12 I 05 40 07 50 06 24 08 35 13 II 00 04 03 55 14 I 00 08 02 19 00 54 03 05 13 I 02 56 05 52 14 III 13 53 15 45 17 00 18 54 14/15 I 21 25 00 21 14 II 18 54 21 11 20 26 22 43 16 II 13 22 17 19 15 I 18 37 20 47 19 24 21 34 16 I 15 53 18 51 17 I 13 05 15 15 13 54 16 04 18 III 04 04 05 58 07 25 09 18 18 II 08 11 10 27 09 48 12 05 18 I 10 21 13 21 19 I 07 34 09 44 08 24 10 34 20 II 02 40 06 42 21 I 02 02 04 12 02 53 05 04 20 I 04 49 07 50 21 III 17 50 19 42 21 22 23 12 21/22 I 23 18 02 20 21/22 II 21 28 23 44 23 10 01 26 23 II 15 58 20 06 22 I 20 30 22 41 21 23 23 33 23 I 17 46 20 49 24 I 14 59 17 09 15 53 18 03 25 III 08 02 09 55 11 46 13 36 25 II 10 44 13 00 12 32 14 48 25 I 12 14 15 19 26 I 09 27 11 37 10 23 12 33 27 II 05 16 09 29 28 I 03 56 06 06 04 52 07 02 27 I 06 43 09 48 28/29 III 21 48 23 39 01 43 03 29 29 I 01 11 04 18 29 II 00 01 02 17 01 54 04 09 30 II 18 34 22 52 29/30 I 22 24 00 34 23 22 01 32 30 I 19 39 22 47 31 I 16 53 19 03 17 52 20 02 32 III 12 00 13 52 16 05 17 51 32 II 13 17 15 33 15 15 17 30 32 I 14 07 17 17

76 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2017 SATURN Opposition: June 15 Conjunction: December 21

2017 Rings Equat Polar Major Minor RA Dec. Mag D Δ Diam. Diam. Axis Axis E h m º ' " " " " º au Jan. –3 17 20.8 –21 51 0.5 15.1 14.0 34.3 15.4 26.8 10.990 7 17 25.7 –21 55 0.5 15.2 14.0 34.5 15.5 26.7 10.932 17 17 30.3 –21 59 0.5 15.3 14.1 34.8 15.6 26.7 10.850 Feb. 27 17 34.7 –22 01 0.5 15.5 14.3 35.1 15.8 26.7 10.746 6 17 38.7 –22 03 0.5 15.6 14.4 35.5 15.9 26.6 10.623 16 17 42.1 –22 05 0.5 15.9 14.6 36.0 16.1 26.6 10.483 Mar. 26 17 45.1 –22 05 0.5 16.1 14.8 36.5 16.3 26.5 10.330 8 17 47.5 –22 05 0.5 16.3 15.1 37.1 16.5 26.5 10.168 18 17 49.2 –22 05 0.5 16.6 15.3 37.7 16.8 26.4 10.002 Apr. 28 17 50.2 –22 05 0.4 16.9 15.6 38.3 17.1 26.4 9.836 7 17 50.5 –22 04 0.4 17.2 15.8 39.0 17.3 26.4 9.675 17 17 50.1 –22 04 0.3 17.5 16.1 39.6 17.6 26.4 9.523 May 27 17 49.0 –22 03 0.3 17.7 16.3 40.2 17.9 26.4 9.386 7 17 47.3 –22 02 0.2 17.9 16.5 40.7 18.1 26.4 9.267 17 17 45.0 –22 01 0.2 18.1 16.7 41.1 18.3 26.5 9.170 Jun. 27 17 42.3 –22 00 0.1 18.3 16.8 41.5 18.5 26.5 9.099 6 17 39.3 –21 59 0.0 18.4 16.9 41.6 18.6 26.5 9.056 16 17 36.1 –21 58 0.0 18.4 17.0 41.7 18.7 26.6 9.043 Jul. 26 17 33.0 –21 57 0.1 18.3 16.9 41.6 18.7 26.6 9.059 6 17 30.0 –21 56 0.1 18.3 16.8 41.4 18.6 26.7 9.104 16 17 27.3 –21 55 0.2 18.1 16.7 41.1 18.5 26.7 9.177 26 17 25.1 –21 55 0.2 17.9 16.5 40.7 18.3 26.8 9.275 Aug. 5 17 23.4 –21 56 0.3 17.7 16.3 40.1 18.1 26.8 9.395 15 17 22.3 –21 56 0.3 17.4 16.1 39.6 17.9 26.8 9.532 25 17 22.0 –21 58 0.4 17.2 15.8 38.9 17.6 26.9 9.684 Sep. 4 17 22.3 –22 00 0.4 16.9 15.6 38.3 17.3 26.9 9.844 14 17 23.3 –22 03 0.5 16.6 15.3 37.7 17.1 26.9 10.010 24 17 24.9 –22 06 0.5 16.3 15.1 37.1 16.8 26.9 10.175 Oct. 4 17 27.3 –22 10 0.5 16.1 14.8 36.5 16.5 26.9 10.336 14 17 30.2 –22 13 0.5 15.8 14.6 36.0 16.3 27.0 10.488 24 17 33.6 –22 17 0.5 15.6 14.4 35.5 16.1 27.0 10.629 Nov. 3 17 37.5 –22 21 0.5 15.5 14.3 35.1 15.9 26.9 10.753 13 17 41.8 –22 24 0.5 15.3 14.1 34.7 15.7 26.9 10.858 23 17 46.4 –22 27 0.5 15.2 14.0 34.5 15.6 26.9 10.942 Dec. 3 17 51.3 –22 29 0.5 15.1 13.9 34.3 15.4 26.8 11.003 13 17 56.3 –22 31 0.5 15.1 13.9 34.2 15.4 26.7 11.038 23 18 1.4 –22 32 0.4 15.0 13.9 34.1 15.3 26.6 11.048 Description of the headings in the table can be found on page 20. BAA Handbook 2017 Saturn 77 LONGITUDE OF CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF SATURN SYSTEM I Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 223.3 114.4 354.4 249.0 20.7 277.2 48.6 302.6 194.1 319.6 208.1 332.3 2 347.5 238.7 118.7 13.4 145.1 41.6 173.0 66.8 318.3 83.7 332.2 96.4 3 111.7 2.9 243.0 137.8 269.5 166.0 297.3 191.1 82.6 207.9 96.4 220.6 4 235.9 127.2 7.4 262.2 33.9 290.4 61.7 315.4 206.8 332.1 220.5 344.7 5 0.2 251.4 131.7 26.5 158.3 54.8 186.0 79.7 331.0 96.2 344.6 108.9

6 124.4 15.7 256.0 150.9 282.7 179.2 310.4 203.9 95.2 220.4 108.8 233.0 7 248.6 140.0 20.3 275.3 47.1 303.6 74.7 328.2 219.4 344.5 232.9 357.2 8 12.8 264.3 144.7 39.7 171.5 68.0 199.1 92.5 343.6 108.7 357.0 121.3 9 137.0 28.5 269.0 164.0 295.9 192.4 323.4 216.7 107.7 232.8 121.2 245.5 10 261.2 152.8 33.3 288.4 60.3 316.8 87.7 341.0 231.9 357.0 245.3 9.6

11 25.4 277.1 157.6 52.8 184.7 81.2 212.1 105.3 356.1 121.1 9.4 133.8 12 149.6 41.4 282.0 177.2 309.1 205.5 336.4 229.5 120.3 245.3 133.6 257.9 13 273.9 165.6 46.3 301.6 73.5 329.9 100.7 353.8 244.5 9.4 257.7 22.1 14 38.1 289.9 170.7 66.0 198.0 94.3 225.1 118.0 8.7 133.6 21.9 146.3 15 162.3 54.2 295.0 190.4 322.4 218.7 349.4 242.3 132.9 257.7 146.0 270.4

16 286.5 178.5 59.3 314.7 86.8 343.1 113.7 6.5 257.1 21.8 270.1 34.6 17 50.8 302.8 183.7 79.1 211.2 107.5 238.0 130.8 21.2 146.0 34.3 158.7 18 175.0 67.1 308.0 203.5 335.6 231.8 2.4 255.0 145.4 270.1 158.4 282.9 19 299.2 191.4 72.4 327.9 100.0 356.2 126.7 19.2 269.6 34.3 282.6 47.1 20 63.5 315.7 196.7 92.3 224.4 120.6 251.0 143.5 33.8 158.4 46.7 171.2

21 187.7 80.0 321.1 216.7 348.8 245.0 15.3 267.7 157.9 282.6 170.8 295.4 22 311.9 204.3 85.4 341.1 113.2 9.3 139.6 31.9 282.1 46.7 295.0 59.6 23 76.2 328.6 209.8 105.5 237.6 133.7 263.9 156.2 46.3 170.8 59.1 183.7 24 200.4 92.9 334.1 229.9 2.0 258.1 28.2 280.4 170.4 295.0 183.3 307.9 25 324.6 217.2 98.5 354.3 126.4 22.5 152.5 44.6 294.6 59.1 307.4 72.1

26 88.9 341.5 222.9 118.7 250.8 146.8 276.8 168.8 58.8 183.3 71.5 196.2 27 213.1 105.8 347.2 243.1 15.2 271.2 41.1 293.1 182.9 307.4 195.7 320.4 28 337.4 230.1 111.6 7.5 139.6 35.5 165.4 57.3 307.1 71.5 319.8 84.6 29 101.6 235.9 131.9 264.0 159.9 289.7 181.5 71.3 195.7 84.0 208.8 30 225.9 0.3 256.3 28.4 284.3 54.0 305.7 195.4 319.8 208.1 333.0

31 350.1 124.7 152.8 178.3 69.9 83.9 97.1

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h º h º m º m º m º 1 35.18 7 246.25 10 5.86 1 0.59 6 3.52 2 70.36 8 281.43 20 11.73 2 1.17 7 4.10 3 105.54 9 316.61 30 17.59 3 1.76 8 4.69 4 140.72 10 351.79 40 23.45 4 2.35 9 5.28 5 175.90 11 386.97 50 29.32 5 2.93 10 5.86 6 211.07 12 422.15 60 35.18

System I applies to all objects situated on or between the south component of the North Equatorial Belt and the north component of the South Equatorial Belt. 78 Saturn BAA Handbook 2017 LONGITUDE OF CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF SATURN SYSTEM II Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 56.9 26.6 82.1 55.3 297.9 273.1 155.5 128.2 98.6 335.1 302.4 177.6 2 148.8 118.5 174.1 147.4 30.0 5.2 247.6 220.2 190.5 67.0 34.2 269.5 3 240.7 210.5 266.1 239.5 122.1 97.3 339.6 312.1 282.4 158.8 126.0 1.3 4 332.6 302.5 358.2 331.6 214.2 189.4 71.7 44.1 14.3 250.7 217.9 93.2 5 64.5 34.4 90.2 63.6 306.3 281.5 163.7 136.1 106.2 342.5 309.7 185.0

6 156.4 126.4 182.2 155.7 38.4 13.6 255.8 228.1 198.1 74.4 41.6 276.9 7 248.3 218.3 274.2 247.8 130.5 105.7 347.8 320.0 290.0 166.2 133.4 8.7 8 340.2 310.3 6.2 339.9 222.6 197.8 79.8 52.0 21.9 258.1 225.2 100.6 9 72.1 42.3 98.3 71.9 314.7 289.9 171.9 144.0 113.8 349.9 317.1 192.4 10 164.0 134.3 190.3 164.0 46.8 21.9 263.9 235.9 205.7 81.8 48.9 284.3

11 255.9 226.2 282.3 256.1 138.9 114.0 356.0 327.9 297.6 173.6 140.8 16.1 12 347.9 318.2 14.4 348.2 231.0 206.1 88.0 59.9 29.5 265.5 232.6 108.0 13 79.8 50.2 106.4 80.3 323.1 298.2 180.0 151.8 121.4 357.3 324.4 199.8 14 171.7 142.2 198.4 172.3 55.2 30.3 272.1 243.8 213.2 89.2 56.3 291.7 15 263.6 234.1 290.5 264.4 147.4 122.4 4.1 335.7 305.1 181.0 148.1 23.6

16 355.5 326.1 22.5 356.5 239.5 214.5 96.1 67.7 37.0 272.9 240.0 115.4 17 87.5 58.1 114.5 88.6 331.6 306.5 188.1 159.6 128.9 4.7 331.8 207.3 18 179.4 150.1 206.6 180.7 63.7 38.6 280.1 251.6 220.8 96.6 63.6 299.1 19 271.3 242.1 298.6 272.8 155.8 130.7 12.2 343.5 312.7 188.4 155.5 31.0 20 3.3 334.1 30.7 4.9 247.9 222.8 104.2 75.5 44.5 280.3 247.3 122.9

21 95.2 66.1 122.7 97.0 340.0 314.8 196.2 167.4 136.4 12.1 339.2 214.7 22 187.1 158.1 214.8 189.0 72.1 46.9 288.2 259.3 228.3 104.0 71.0 306.6 23 279.1 250.1 306.8 281.1 164.2 139.0 20.2 351.3 320.2 195.8 162.8 38.5 24 11.0 342.1 38.9 13.2 256.3 231.1 112.2 83.2 52.0 287.6 254.7 130.3 25 102.9 74.1 130.9 105.3 348.4 323.1 204.2 175.1 143.9 19.5 346.5 222.2

26 194.9 166.1 223.0 197.4 80.5 55.2 296.2 267.0 235.8 111.3 78.4 314.1 27 286.8 258.1 315.0 289.5 172.6 147.3 28.2 359.0 327.6 203.2 170.2 46.0 28 18.8 350.1 47.1 21.6 264.7 239.3 120.2 90.9 59.5 295.0 262.1 137.8 29 110.7 139.2 113.7 356.8 331.4 212.2 182.8 151.4 26.8 353.9 229.7 30 202.7 231.2 205.8 88.9 63.4 304.2 274.7 243.2 118.7 85.8 321.6

31 294.6 323.3 181.0 36.2 6.6 210.5 53.5 CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME h º h º m º m º m º 1 33.83 7 236.83 10 5.64 1 0.56 6 3.38 2 67.67 8 270.67 20 11.28 2 1.13 7 3.95 3 101.50 9 304.50 30 16.92 3 1.69 8 4.51 4 135.33 10 338.33 40 22.56 4 2.26 9 5.08 5 169.17 11 372.17 50 28.19 5 2.82 10 5.64 6 203.00 12 406.00 60 33.83 System II applies to all objects situated north of the south component of the North Equatorial Belt or south of the north component of the South Equatorial Belt. However System III is used more often for these regions. BAA Handbook 2017 Saturn 79 LONGITUDE OF CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF SATURN SYSTEM III Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 61.1 353.4 15.2 311.0 157.4 95.2 301.4 236.7 169.7 10.0 299.9 139.0 2 151.8 84.2 106.0 41.9 248.3 186.1 32.3 327.5 260.4 100.7 30.6 229.6 3 242.5 174.9 196.8 132.7 339.2 277.0 123.1 58.3 351.1 191.4 121.2 320.3 4 333.2 265.7 287.6 223.6 70.1 7.9 214.0 149.0 81.8 282.0 211.8 50.9 5 63.9 356.4 18.4 314.5 161.0 98.7 304.8 239.8 172.5 12.7 302.5 141.6

6 154.6 87.2 109.2 45.3 251.9 189.6 35.6 330.6 263.2 103.3 33.1 232.2 7 245.3 177.9 200.0 136.2 342.8 280.5 126.5 61.3 353.9 194.0 123.7 322.9 8 336.0 268.7 290.9 227.1 73.7 11.4 217.3 152.1 84.6 284.6 214.4 53.5 9 66.7 359.5 21.7 317.9 164.6 102.3 308.1 242.9 175.3 15.3 305.0 144.2 10 157.4 90.2 112.5 48.8 255.5 193.2 39.0 333.6 266.0 105.9 35.6 234.8

11 248.1 181.0 203.3 139.7 346.4 284.1 129.8 64.4 356.7 196.5 126.3 325.5 12 338.8 271.8 294.1 230.6 77.3 14.9 220.6 155.1 87.3 287.2 216.9 56.1 13 69.5 2.5 25.0 321.4 168.2 105.8 311.5 245.9 178.0 17.8 307.5 146.8 14 160.2 93.3 115.8 52.3 259.1 196.7 42.3 336.6 268.7 108.5 38.2 237.4 15 251.0 184.1 206.6 143.2 350.0 287.6 133.1 67.4 359.4 199.1 128.8 328.1

16 341.7 274.9 297.5 234.1 80.8 18.5 223.9 158.1 90.1 289.8 219.4 58.7 17 72.4 5.7 28.3 325.0 171.7 109.3 314.7 248.9 180.7 20.4 310.1 149.4 18 163.1 96.4 119.1 55.8 262.6 200.2 45.6 339.6 271.4 111.0 40.7 240.0 19 253.8 187.2 210.0 146.7 353.5 291.1 136.4 70.3 2.1 201.7 131.3 330.7 20 344.6 278.0 300.8 237.6 84.4 21.9 227.2 161.1 92.8 292.3 222.0 61.3

21 75.3 8.8 31.7 328.5 175.3 112.8 318.0 251.8 183.4 23.0 312.6 152.0 22 166.0 99.6 122.5 59.4 266.2 203.7 48.8 342.5 274.1 113.6 43.2 242.7 23 256.8 190.4 213.3 150.3 357.1 294.6 139.6 73.2 4.8 204.2 133.9 333.3 24 347.5 281.2 304.2 241.2 88.0 25.4 230.4 164.0 95.4 294.9 224.5 64.0 25 78.2 12.0 35.0 332.0 178.9 116.3 321.2 254.7 186.1 25.5 315.2 154.7

26 169.0 102.8 125.9 62.9 269.8 207.1 52.0 345.4 276.8 116.1 45.8 245.3 27 259.7 193.6 216.7 153.8 0.7 298.0 142.8 76.1 7.4 206.8 136.4 336.0 28 350.4 284.4 307.6 244.7 91.6 28.9 233.6 166.8 98.1 297.4 227.1 66.7 29 81.2 38.4 335.6 182.5 119.7 324.4 257.6 188.7 28.0 317.7 157.3 30 171.9 129.3 66.5 273.4 210.6 55.1 348.3 279.4 118.7 48.4 248.0

31 262.7 220.2 4.3 145.9 79.0 209.3 338.7 CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h º h º m º m º m º 1 33.78 7 236.48 10 5.63 1 0.56 6 3.38 2 67.57 8 270.26 20 11.26 2 1.13 7 3.94 3 101.35 9 304.05 30 16.89 3 1.69 8 4.50 4 135.13 10 337.83 40 22.52 4 2.25 9 5.07 5 168.92 11 371.61 50 28.15 5 2.82 10 5.63 6 202.70 12 405.40 60 33.78 System III also applies to all objects situated north of the south component of the North Equatorial Belt or south of the north component of the South Equatorial Belt. This longitude system is based upon the rotation period of the planet’s magnetic field as defined by the International Astronomical Union. 80 Saturn BAA Handbook 2017 SATELLITES OF SATURN

MIMAS, ENCELADUS AND TETHYS Mimas Enceladus Tethys Each fourth eastern elongation Each third eastern elongation Each second eastern elongation d h d h d h d h d h d h Jan. 1 10.2 Jul. 5 03.3 Jan. 1 13.0 Jul. 5 12.4 Jan. 2 14.4 Jul. 6 14.4 5 04.7 8 21.8 5 15.7 9 15.0 6 09.0 10 09.0 8 23.2 12 16.2 9 18.4 13 17.7 10 03.7 14 03.6 12 17.7 16 10.7 13 21.1 17 20.3 13 22.4 17 22.2 16 12.2 20 05.1 17 23.8 21 22.9 17 17.0 21 16.8 20 06.7 23 23.6 22 02.5 26 01.6 21 11.7 25 11.4 24 01.2 27 18.1 26 05.2 30 04.2 25 06.4 29 06.0 27 19.7 31 12.5 30 07.8 Aug. 3 06.9 29 01.0 Aug. 2 00.6 31 14.2 Aug. 4 07.0 Feb. 3 10.5 7 09.5 Feb. 1 19.7 5 19.2 Feb. 4 08.7 8 01.5 7 13.2 11 12.2 5 14.3 9 13.8 8 03.2 11 19.9 11 15.9 15 14.8 9 09.0 13 08.4 11 21.7 15 14.4 15 18.6 19 17.5 13 03.6 17 03.0 15 16.2 19 08.9 19 21.3 23 20.2 16 22.3 20 21.6 19 10.7 23 03.4 23 23.9 27 22.8 20 16.9 24 16.2 23 05.2 26 21.8 28 02.6 Sep. 1 01.5 24 11.6 28 10.9 26 23.7 30 16.3 Mar. 4 05.3 5 04.2 28 06.2 Sep. 1 05.5 Mar. 2 18.2 Sep. 3 10.8 8 07.9 9 06.8 Mar. 4 00.9 5 00.1 6 12.6 7 05.3 12 10.6 13 09.5 7 19.5 8 18.8 10 07.1 10 23.8 16 13.3 17 12.2 11 14.1 12 13.4 14 01.6 14 18.3 20 15.9 21 14.9 15 08.7 16 08.0 17 20.1 18 12.7 24 18.6 25 17.6 19 03.4 20 02.7 21 14.6 22 07.2 28 21.2 29 20.3 22 22.0 23 21.3 25 09.0 26 01.7 Apr. 1 23.9 Oct. 3 22.9 26 16.6 27 16.0 29 03.5 29 20.2 6 02.5 8 01.6 30 11.2 Oct. 1 10.6 Apr. 1 22.0 Oct. 3 14.7 10 05.2 12 04.3 Apr. 3 05.8 5 05.3 5 16.4 7 09.2 14 07.8 16 07.0 7 00.4 9 00.0 9 10.9 11 03.7 18 10.5 20 09.7 10 19.0 12 18.6 13 05.4 14 22.2 22 13.1 24 12.4 14 13.6 16 13.3 16 23.8 18 16.7 26 15.7 28 15.1 18 08.2 20 07.9 20 18.3 22 11.2 30 18.4 Nov. 1 17.8 22 02.8 24 02.6 24 12.8 26 05.7 May 4 21.0 5 20.5 25 21.4 27 21.3 28 07.2 30 00.2 8 23.6 9 23.2 29 16.0 31 16.0 May 2 01.7 Nov. 2 18.7 13 02.3 14 01.9 May 3 10.6 Nov. 4 10.6 5 20.1 6 13.2 17 04.9 18 04.6 7 05.2 8 05.3 9 14.6 10 07.8 21 07.5 22 07.4 10 23.8 12 00.0 13 09.0 14 02.3 25 10.1 26 10.1 14 18.4 15 18.7 17 03.5 17 20.8 29 12.8 30 12.8 18 12.9 19 13.3 20 21.9 21 15.3 Jun. 2 15.4 Dec. 4 15.5 22 07.5 23 08.0 24 16.4 25 09.8 6 18.0 8 18.2 26 02.1 27 02.7 28 10.8 29 04.3 10 20.6 12 20.9 29 20.7 30 21.4 Jun. 1 05.3 Dec. 2 22.8 14 23.3 16 23.6 Jun. 2 15.2 Dec. 4 16.0 4 23.7 6 17.3 19 01.9 21 02.3 6 09.8 8 10.7 8 18.2 10 11.8 23 04.5 25 05.0 10 04.4 12 05.4 12 12.6 14 06.4 27 07.1 29 07.7 13 23.0 16 00.1 16 07.1 18 00.9 Jul. 1 09.8 17 17.5 19 18.8 20 01.5 21 19.4 21 12.1 23 13.4 23 20.0 25 13.9 25 06.7 27 08.1 27 14.4 29 08.4 29 01.3 31 02.8 Jul. 1 08.9 Jul. 2 19.8

Note: For intervening eastern elongations add: Mimas 0d 22.6h or 1d 21.2h or 2d 19.9h Enceladus 1d 08.9h or 2d 17.8h Tethys 1d 21.3h

BAA Handbook 2017 Satellites of Saturn 81 SATELLITES OF SATURN

DIONE AND RHEA Dione Rhea Each second eastern elongation Each second eastern elongation d h d h d h d h d h d h Jan. 1 23.2 Apr. 21 11.7 Aug. 8 21.8 Jan. 5 06.3 May 11 19.5 Sep. 15 05.5 7 10.7 26 23.0 14 09.2 14 07.5 20 20.1 24 06.5 12 22.2 May 2 10.3 19 20.5 23 08.6 29 20.8 Oct. 3 07.6 18 09.6 7 21.6 25 07.9 Feb. 1 09.7 Jun. 7 21.4 12 08.6 23 21.1 13 08.9 30 19.3 10 10.8 16 22.0 21 09.7 29 08.6 18 20.2 Sep. 5 06.7 19 11.9 25 22.6 30 10.8 Feb. 3 20.1 24 07.5 10 18.1 28 12.9 Jul. 4 23.2 Nov. 8 12.0 9 07.5 29 18.8 16 05.5 Mar. 9 13.9 13 23.9 17 13.2 14 19.0 Jun. 4 06.1 21 17.0 18 14.8 23 00.6 26 14.3 20 06.4 9 17.4 27 04.4 27 15.7 Aug. 1 01.3 Dec. 5 15.5 25 17.9 15 04.7 Oct. 2 15.8 Apr. 5 16.5 10 02.1 14 16.7 Mar. 3 05.3 20 16.0 8 03.3 14 17.3 19 02.9 23 17.9 8 16.7 26 03.3 13 14.8 23 18.1 28 03.7 14 04.1 Jul. 1 14.6 19 02.2 May 2 18.8 Sep. 6 04.6 19 15.5 7 01.9 24 13.7 25 02.9 12 13.2 30 01.2 30 14.3 18 00.5 Nov. 4 12.7 Note: For an intervening eastern elongation add: Apr. 5 01.6 23 11.8 10 00.2 10 13.0 28 23.1 15 11.7 Dione 2d 17.7h 16 00.3 Aug. 3 10.5 ------Rhea 4d 12.4h

TITAN AND HYPERION Titan Hyperion E. Elong. Inf. Conj’n W. Elong. Sup. Conj’n E.Elong. W Elong. d h d h d h d h d h d h Jan. 3 20.3 Jan. 7 16.6 Jan. 11 21.1 Jan. 16 00.8 Jan. 10 22.1 19 21.0 23 17.3 27 21.8 Feb. 1 01.3 Jan. 21 23.1 Feb. 1 05.9 Feb. 4 21.5 Feb. 8 17.7 Feb. 12 22.2 17 01.5 Feb. 12 05.9 22 12.9 20 21.7 24 17.8 28 22.2 Mar. 5 01.3 Mar. 5 12.1 Mar. 15 19.1 Mar. 8 21.4 Mar. 12 17.5 Mar. 16 21.8 21 00.6 26 17.5 Apr. 6 00.3 24 20.7 28 16.6 Apr. 1 20.8 Apr. 5 23.5 Apr. 16 22.2 27 04.7 Apr. 9 19.5 Apr. 13 15.3 17 19.3 21 22.0 May 8 02.3 May 18 08.3 25 17.8 29 13.5 May 3 17.4 May 7 20.0 29 06.0 Jun. 8 11.7 May 11 15.6 May 15 11.3 19 14.9 23 17.6 Jun. 19 09.8 29 15.5 27 13.1 31 08.8 Jun. 4 12.2 Jun. 8 15.0 Jul. 10 14.3 Jul. 20 20.2 Jun. 12 10.4 Jun. 16 06.1 20 09.4 24 12.4 31 20.0 Aug. 11 02.4 28 07.6 Jul. 2 03.4 Jul. 6 06.7 Jul. 10 09.8 Aug. 22 03.2 Sep. 1 10.5 Jul. 14 05.1 18 01.0 22 04.2 26 07.6 Sep. 12 11.9 22 20.2 30 02.8 Aug. 2 22.8 Aug. 7 02.0 Aug. 11 05.7 Oct. 3 22.1 Oct. 14 07.6 Aug. 15 00.9 18 21.1 23 00.4 27 04.2 25 09.5 Nov. 4 20.2 30 23.5 Sep. 3 19.9 Sep. 7 23.3 Sep. 12 03.2 Nov. 15 21.8 26 09.7 Sep. 15 22.7 19 19.1 23 22.7 28 02.7 Dec. 7 10.6 Dec. 17 23.5 Oct. 1 22.3 Oct. 5 18.9 Oct. 9 22.6 Oct. 14 02.6 28 23.5 17 22.3 21 19.0 25 22.9 30 02.9 Nov. 2 22.7 Nov. 6 19.5 Nov. 10 23.5 Nov. 15 03.5 18 23.4 22 20.2 27 00.4 Dec. 1 04.2 Dec. 5 00.2 Dec. 8 21.1 Dec. 13 01.4 17 05.1 21 01.2 24 22.0 29 02.4

Position-angle and angular-distances can be obtained from JPL’s Horizons web page at: http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizons (see page 115) 82 Satellites of Saturn BAA Handbook 2017 TITAN

Saturn is in conjunction with Sun during December.

BAA Handbook 2017 Satellites of Saturn 83 IAPETUS Iapetus shows variations in brightness, and is always brighter at western elongation than at eastern. The diagrams show the apparent path of Iapetus relative to Saturn, the units being in seconds of arc. Conjunction of Saturn is indicated by the faint portion of the orbit path from Nov.22 to Dec.31.

E. Elong. Inf. Conj’n. W. Elong. Sup. Conj’n.

d h d h d h d h Jan. 9 12.2 Jan. 28 20.3 Feb. 18 22.0 Mar. 11 13.6 Mar. 31 03.7 Apr. 18 21.3 May 9 08.6 May 29 12.9 Jun. 17 11.6 Jul. 6 05.0 Jul. 26 03.1 Aug. 15 21.4 Sep. 3 21.5 Sep. 23 07.5 Oct. 13 16.9 Nov. 4 01.7 Nov. 23 15.0 Dec. 13 06.2

84 Satellites of Saturn BAA Handbook 2017 URANUS Uranus is at opposition on October 19, magnitude 5.7, diameter 3.7"

BAA Handbook 2017 Uranus 85 NEPTUNE Neptune is at opposition on September 5, magnitude 7.8, diameter 2.4"

86 Neptune BAA Handbook 2017 Trans–Neptunian & Scattered–Disk Objects

The list comprises the date, magnitude, geocentric position and apparent motion when at opposition in 2017, of the 25 most intrinsically bright objects known as of 2016 July 12. The sizes of the smaller objects listed are speculative given that they are based on an estimated albedo only. If you wish to observe an object then go to the website of the Minor Planet and Comet Ephemeris Service at: http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html

Here you enter the date and the designation of the object(s) you wish to observe. Given the extreme distance of these objects, the geocentric position will be sufficiently accurate for any location on the Earth.

Object Opposition Approx. Motion Number/Name Prov ID Date V H Diam. Δ RA Dec. Speed P km au h m º ' "/min º (136199) Eris 2003 UB313 Oct. 17 18.7 –1.2 2326 95.20 1 43.4 –2 28.9 0.025 252 (134340) Pluto – Jul. 10 14.8 –0.4 2374 32.35 19 17.1 –21 29.0 0.062 259 (136472) Makemake 2005 FY9 Mar. 23 17.0 –0.3 1450 51.61 12 58.7 +25 17.0 0.042 296 (136108) Haumea 2003 EL61 Apr. 13 17.2 0.1 1500* 49.69 14 09.3 +17 21.8 0.043 293 (90377) Sedna 2003 VB12 Nov. 19 20.9 1.6 1030 84.26 3 46.0 +7 30.4 0.026 257 (90482) Orcus 2004 DW Feb. 26 19.1 2.2 940 47.13 10 08.9 –9 43.8 0.046 291 (50000) Quaoar 2002 LM60 Jun. 21 18.7 2.4 890 41.91 17 57.8 –15 21.9 0.049 270 (225088) 2007 OR10 Aug. 27 21.9 2.5 1350 86.83 22 23.5 –12 28.1 0.026 251 2013 FY27 Mar. 6 22.1 3.0 900 79.21 10 44.3 –6 54.9 0.029 295 (202421) 2005 UQ513 Oct. 17 20.3 3.4 500 47.23 0 43.9 +32 39.5 0.045 245 (174567) Varda 2003 MW12 Jun. 10 20.2 3.4 700 45.89 17 17.9 –1 46.3 0.045 275 (55636) 2002 TX300 Oct. 25 19.7 3.4 300 41.57 1 16.8 +34 47.5 0.051 247 (303775) 2005 QU182 Oct. 11 20.7 3.5 420 51.33 1 24.4 –4 38.1 0.041 249 (229762) 2007 UK126 Dec. 2 19.8 3.5 610 41.56 4 45.1 +0 54.4 0.050 265 (55565) 2002 AW197 Feb. 18 20.1 3.5 730 44.64 9 45.4 –0 54.1 0.048 286 (28978) Ixion 2001 KX76 Jun. 16 19.6 3.6 650 38.70 17 36.2 –28 17.6 0.053 269 (20000) Varuna 2000 WR106 Jan. 19 20.1 3.6 700 42.86 8 11.2 +26 53.2 0.050 285 2015 RR245 Oct. 1 21.7 3.7 700 62.48 0 22.9 +5 55.0 0.034 245 (307261) 2002 MS4 Jul. 2 20.4 3.7 870 45.76 18 37.3 –6 50.1 0.046 267 2010 EK139 Apr. 30 19.5 3.8 470 35.76 13 48.9 –38 05.2 0.056 289 (84522) 2002 TC302 Nov. 6 20.3 3.8 580 43.64 2 26.0 +28 50.9 0.050 256 (208996) 2003 AZ84 Jan. 23 20.3 3.8 700 43.72 8 08.3 +9 11.1 0.050 281 (120178) 2003 OP32 Sep. 1 20.1 3.8 230 41.26 22 22.6 +3 01.8 0.051 244 2015 KH162 May 17 21.7 3.9 600 58.43 15 49.7 –1 55.5 0.037 286 (278361) 2007 JJ43 Jun. 2 20.0 3.9 700 40.06 16 36.5 –26 37.0 0.051 280

*Haumea is asymmetric in shape being roughly 1940km x 1530km x 993km in size.

BAA Handbook 2017 Trans-Neptunian Objects 87 DWARF PLANETS (134340) Pluto

Pluto is at opposition, in Sagittarius, on July 10 at a mean visual magnitude of 14.2. Its brightness varies little during the year, ranging in mean visual magnitude from 14.2 to 14.5. Charts prepared using GUIDE 8.0. Stars down to magnitude 12.0 are shown.

88 Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2017 DWARF PLANETS (134340) Pluto Detailed charts around the time of opposition. Jun. 10 to Jul. 10 Jul. 10 to Aug. 10

The charts show stars down to magnitude 14. BAA Handbook 2017 Dwarf Planets 89 DWARF PLANETS ORBITAL ELEMENTS The geocentric data below have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center Ephemeris Service at: http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html

Equinox J2000, Epoch of the elements, JD 2457400.5, 2016 Jan. 13.0 TT No. Name a e i Node Peri. M au ° ° ° ° 1 Ceres 2.768 0.076 10.592 80.322 72.733 181.381 134340 Pluto 39.528 0.251 17.156 110.290 113.502 38.159 136108 Haumea 43.307 0.189 28.195 121.837 239.645 211.084 136199 Eris 67.690 0.442 44.142 35.907 151.194 204.521 136472 Makemake 45.757 0.154 28.999 79.457 296.869 158.079 More information on asteroids and dwarf planets can be found on the website of the Asteroid and Remote Planets Section at: http://www.britastro.org/asteroids/

EPHEMERIDES The data below have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center Ephemeris Service at: http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html

Equinox J2000, Epoch of the elements, JD 2457400.5, 2016 Jan. 13.0 TT

1 Ceres 2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jan. 1 1 34 00.9 +1 42 23 2.461 2.830 101.8 8.6 11 1 38 45.2 +2 57 15 2.591 2.822 93.2 8.7 21 1 45 19.7 +4 18 26 2.722 2.815 85.1 8.8 31 1 53 31.4 +5 44 10 2.852 2.807 77.4 8.9 Feb. 10 2 03 08.2 +7 12 56 2.978 2.800 70.1 9.0

20 2 13 58.5 +8 43 15 3.098 2.792 63.0 9.0 Mar. 2 2 25 54.1 +10 13 57 3.210 2.784 56.2 9.0 12 2 38 46.8 +11 43 53 3.314 2.777 49.7 9.1 22 2 52 29.8 +13 11 59 3.407 2.769 43.4 9.1 Apr. 1 3 06 58.3 +14 37 22 3.489 2.761 37.3 9.0

Ceres in Conjunction to the Sun: 2017 June 6

Aug. 9 6 52 32.8 +24 13 31 3.436 2.662 34.4 8.9 19 7 10 17.0 +24 09 40 3.349 2.655 40.0 8.9 29 7 27 39.0 +24 00 45 3.253 2.648 45.7 8.9 Sep. 8 7 44 32.3 +23 47 48 3.148 2.642 51.6 8.9 18 8 00 51.1 +23 32 05 3.034 2.635 57.6 8.9

28 8 16 27.5 +23 15 10 2.913 2.629 63.8 8.8 Oct. 8 8 31 13.4 +22 58 45 2.786 2.623 70.3 8.7 18 8 45 00.1 +22 44 48 2.654 2.617 77.0 8.6 28 8 57 35.8 +22 35 35 2.519 2.612 84.1 8.5 Nov. 7 9 08 48.1 +22 33 30 2.383 2.606 91.6 8.4

17 9 18 22.4 +22 41 04 2.248 2.601 99.5 8.3 27 9 26 00.1 +23 00 49 2.117 2.596 107.9 8.1 Dec. 7 9 31 22.8 +23 34 49 1.992 2.591 116.9 7.9 17 9 34 11.2 +24 24 16 1.878 2.587 126.5 7.7 27 9 34 07.8 +25 28 48 1.779 2.583 136.6 7.5

90 Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2017 DWARF PLANETS

134340 Pluto 2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Apr. 11 19 22 19.9 ‒21 11 35 33.257 33.306 91.9 15.0 May 1 19 22 19.0 ‒21 13 01 32.937 33.319 111.5 15.0 21 19 21 30.0 ‒21 16 08 32.659 33.332 131.0 15.0 Jun. 10 19 20 01.3 ‒21 20 38 32.457 33.344 150.5 14.9 30 19 18 06.4 ‒21 26 05 32.355 33.357 170.0 14.8

Jul. 20 19 16 02.3 ‒21 31 53 32.368 33.370 170.4 14.8 Aug. 9 19 14 07.1 ‒21 37 28 32.494 33.383 150.8 14.9 29 19 12 38.2 ‒21 42 19 32.721 33.395 131.2 15.0 Sep. 18 19 11 49.1 ‒21 46 02 33.025 33.408 111.6 15.0 Oct. 8 19 11 48.6 ‒21 48 21 33.372 33.421 92.0 15.1

136108 Haumea 2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jan. 21 14 12 03.1 +16 33 55 50.486 50.592 95.7 17.3 Feb. 10 14 12 06.3 +16 45 23 50.188 50.588 113.4 17.3 Mar. 2 14 11 38.3 +16 58 08 49.939 50.584 130.2 17.3 22 14 10 43.6 +17 10 28 49.768 50.580 144.3 17.2 Apr. 11 14 09 30.7 +17 20 42 49.694 50.576 151.4 17.2

May 1 14 08 10.1 +17 27 31 49.725 50.572 147.0 17.2 21 14 06 53.1 +17 30 00 49.853 50.568 134.5 17.2 Jun. 10 14 05 50.1 +17 27 52 50.064 50.564 119.0 17.3 30 14 05 09.6 +17 21 23 50.330 50.560 102.5 17.3 Jul. 20 14 04 57.1 +17 11 15 50.622 50.556 85.7 17.3

136199 Eris 2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jul. 20 1 45 25.6 ‒2 12 41 96.119 96.187 93.5 18.7 Aug. 9 1 45 20.3 ‒2 15 11 95.795 96.184 112.2 18.7 29 1 45 00.4 ‒2 18 46 95.515 96.180 131.0 18.7 Sep. 18 1 44 28.0 ‒2 22 56 95.310 96.176 149.3 18.7 Oct. 8 1 43 47.0 ‒2 27 07 95.206 96.172 165.1 18.7

28 1 43 02.3 ‒2 30 41 95.217 96.168 163.2 18.7 Nov. 17 1 42 19.6 ‒2 33 07 95.342 96.164 146.1 18.7 Dec. 7 1 41 44.4 ‒2 33 58 95.567 96.160 126.8 18.7 27 1 41 21.2 ‒2 33 02 95.865 96.156 107.0 18.7

136472 Makemake 2017 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jan. 1 13 01 18.8 +24 30 34 52.357 52.470 96.1 17.1 21 13 01 23.1 +24 41 21 52.067 52.472 113.8 17.0 Feb. 10 13 00 55.8 +24 53 46 51.827 52.474 130.5 17.0 Mar. 2 13 00 01.3 +25 06 04 51.666 52.476 144.5 17.0 22 12 58 47.8 +25 16 28 51.604 52.478 151.1 17.0

Apr. 11 12 57 26.0 +25 23 30 51.646 52.480 146.0 17.0 May 1 12 56 07.3 +25 26 12 51.787 52.482 133.2 17.0 21 12 55 02.5 +25 24 10 52.008 52.484 117.6 17.0 Jun. 10 12 54 20.1 +25 17 36 52.283 52.486 101.0 17.1 30 12 54 05.5 +25 07 14 52.580 52.488 84.3 17.1

BAA Handbook 2017 Dwarf Planets 91 COMETS The date of perihelion (T), perihelion distance (q), period (P), the number of previously observed returns

(N), and the parameters for calculating magnitude (H1 and K1) (see below), are given for each comet. These data are followed by approximate values for those comets expected to be brighter than 14th magnitude during 2017. The brightest magnitude during 2017, with the month and elongation (truncated to the nearest 10°) at this time, the period when the comet is brighter than 14th magnitude and the period of visibility when the comet is brighter than 20th magnitude for the UK (52°N) and Southern Hemisphere (35°S) are also given. Some periodic comets show a flat light curve with the comet at a similar brightness for over a month and the figures are more approximate for these than for others which have a much more sharply defined maximum brightness. The relation between perihelion (q), aphelion (Q) and semi–major axis (a) is: a = (Q + q)/2. If required, the mean daily motion (n, expressed in degrees) can be computed from: n = 0.985608/ (a3/2). The period is given by Kepler’s third law: P2 = a3 (where P is expressed in sidereal years and a in Astronomical Units). Magnitude parameters are from determinations by the BAA’s Comet Section or from the Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams; the magnitude is usually given by

V = H1 + 5 (log Δ) + K1 (log r), where Δ is the distance of the comet from Earth and r is its distance from the Sun, both in Astronomical Units. Note that some PC ephemeris programs require K1/2.5 to be entered rather than K1. EPHEMERIDES Orbital elements and/or ephemerides are available at : Minor Planet Center : http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html

BAA Comet Section webpage : http://www.britastro.org/comet Comet Orbit Home webpage : http://jcometobs.web.fc2.com/ JPL Small-Body Database Browser : http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi#top

CHARTS Reinder Bouma and Edwin van Dijk's astrosite Groningen has charts with suitable comparison stars for visual photometry of comets brighter than 10th – 11th magnitude : http://www.shopplaza.nl/astro/comets/comets.htm

The BAA’s Computing Section website has charts for many comets, updated monthly: http://britastro.org/computing/charts_comet.html and also the ability to see which comets are visible on any night using "What’s observable": http://britastro.org/computing/applets_ecliptic.html

Further information about the visibility of the brighter objects will be included in the 2016 December BAA Journal.

Comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann This annual comet has frequent outbursts and over the past few years seems to be more often active than not, though it rarely gets brighter than 12th magnitude. This comet is an ideal target for those equipped with CCDs and it should be observed at every opportunity.

92 Comets BAA Handbook 2017 Opposition: August 11 SCHWASSMANN-WACHMANN [29P] SCHWASSMANN-WACHMANN

BAA Handbook 2017 Comets 93

‡

† † † † † † † † † † † Jan Dec Apr– Jul Jan – Sep Jan – Apr Jan – Jan – Oct Jan - May Jan – Dec Jan – Mar Jun – Dec Jan – Dec Jun – Dec Oct – Dec Jan – Aug Jan – Jan – Nov Jan – Nov Sep – Dec Apr – Dec Apr – Dec Mar – Dec Mar – Dec Mar – Dec May – Dec Visible SH Visible Jan, Nov – Dec Jan – Feb, Oct Dec Jan – Feb, May Jun

† † † † † † † Jan, Apr Jan, Jan – Jul Jan – Jul Jan – Jun Jul – Dec Jul – Dec Sep - Oct Jul – Dec Jan – Feb Jan – Apr Jan – Jan – Apr Jan – Jan – May Sep – Dec Sep – Dec Jan – May May – Jun Aug – Dec Feb – May Aug – Dec Aug – Nov Visible UK Visible Jan – Apr, Oct Apr, Jan – Jan – Jun, Dec Jan, Aug – Dec Jan, Jan, Aug – Dec Jan, Jan – Feb, Sep –Dec Jan – Jun, Oct Dec Jan – Mar, Sep - Dec Jan – Mar, Jan – Mar, Sep - Dec Jan – Mar, Jan – Mar, Oct – Dec Jan – Mar, Jan – Feb, Aug – Dec Jan – Feb,

† † † † † † † † † † † † † † † † † † † † † † † † @ than 14 Brighter Feb – Jun Jan – Mar Jan – Mar Jan – Mar Jan – Dec Jan – Aug Jan – Jan – Aug Jan – Feb – Sep Jan – Nov Jun – Aug Jun – Jan – May Aug – Nov ° @ 0 0 80 20 10 70 70 60 40 50 70 30 50 50 110 120 120 150 150 160 170 160 100 150 130 140 160 160 140 120 140 120 150 160 130 150 Elong. at peak @ Jul Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jun Jan Jun Oct Jun Oct Oct Sep Apr Apr Apr Apr Dec Dec Mar Mar Mar Dec Mar Mar Aug Nov Nov May May May peak Month of 6 5 3 7 @ 11 11 11 13 15 15 18 20 17 14 17 14 20 19 20 12 19 17 21 19 19 20 18 14 18 18 19 15 10 21 14 18 Peak Mag.

1 5.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 19.1 5.0 5.0 25.3 5.0 5.0 7.9 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 10.7 10.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 15.0 33.2 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 COMETS K 1 3.5 5.0 8.9 7.3 6.0 8.5 5.6 7.2 9.0 8.0 7.6 8.5 9.7 11.0 11.5 11.0 12.6 10.0 14.0 13.5 12.5 10.1 10.2 10.0 15.0 13.0 18.0 10.0 20.0 10.5 13.0 12.0 16.5 10.0 17.0 12.0 16.5 4 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 1 3 3 7 3 5 5 2 1 2 2 9 3 3 1 8 2 2 2 N H 11 11 10 63 11 12

P 5.42 8.56 6.13 8.07 7.32 5.26 9.56 6.01 9.48 9.17 6.97 9.19 3.30 5.71 8.63 5.43 5.10 7.39 6.48 5.30 7.80 7.45 8.37 6.79 5.54 3.24 7.86 6.56 years 11.3 12.8 21.2 16.6 14.94 17.0

q au 0.34 1.05 3.30 1.64 1.36 2.16 1.78 0.53 3.06 1.81 2.28 2.78 2.22 2.56 2.37 1.70 4.85 2.58 3.34 0.97 1.01 2.18 1.06 1.01 4.18 1.05 2.45 6.93 2.85 2.82 2.97 1.79 2.53 1.58 1.94 1.23 1.73

T Jun. 11.7 Jun. 12.5 Jul. 10.6 Jul. 16.7 Jul. 17.0 Sep. 5.1 Jan. 10.6 Jan. 20.2 Mar. 1.3 Mar. Jun. 1.7 Jun. 10.8 Jun. 19.3 11.4 Apr. Jun. 21.9 11.6 Apr. Jun. 24.6 Jun. 29.8 Apr. 15.7 Apr. Apr. 20.3 Apr. Feb. 1.8 Feb. 3.0 Feb. 15.1 Feb. 17.2 Feb. 21.0 11.0 Mar. Dec. 31.2 May 2.8 May 5.6 May 9.9 May 21.0 May 21.4 Mar. 10.1 Mar. Mar. 12.1 Mar. Mar. 13.1 Mar. Mar. 16.7 Mar. Aug. 19.7 Aug. 22.5

Comet 2016 43P/Wolf-Harrington 33P/Daniel 226P/Pigott-LINEAR-Kowalski 45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova 2017 128P/Shoemaker-Holt P/Spacewatch (2013 YG46) P/Spacewatch (2013 P/NEAT-LONEOS (2003 SQ215) P/NEAT-LONEOS 336P/McNaught P/Catalina (2007 T6) P/Catalina (2007 188P/LINEAR-Mueller 219P/LINEAR 93P/Lovas 2P/Encke P/PANSTARRS (2016 A3) (2016 P/PANSTARRS 176P/LINEAR 172P/Yeung 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak 182P/LONEOS 54P/de Vico-Swift-NEAT 54P/de 103P/Hartley 255P/Levy 334P/NEAT PANSTARRS (2015 ER61) PANSTARRS 229P/Gibbs PANSTARRS (2015 T2) (2015 PANSTARRS 234P/LINEAR 47P/Ashbrook-Jackson P/Catalina (1999 XN120) Johnson (2015 V2) Johnson (2015 90P/Gehrels 227P/Catalina-LINEAR P/Skiff (2000 S1) 71P/Clark 311P/PANSTARRS 217P/LINEAR 251P/LINEAR 94 Comets BAA Handbook 2017

‡

† † Dec Dec Jan, Dec Jan – Jun Jan – Feb Jul – Nov Jan – Dec Feb – Apr Feb – Jun – Dec Jun – Dec Jan – Nov Mar - Dec Sep – Dec Apr – Dec Apr – Dec May – Oct Mar – Dec May – Sep May – Dec May – Nov Visible SH Visible Jan, May – Jul Jan – Jun, Nov Dec Jun – Aug, Oct – Dec Jun –

† † † † † † Feb - Jun Jan – Jun Jul – Dec Jul – Dec Jul – Aug Jul – Jul – Nov Jun – Dec Jun – Dec Sep – Dec Sep – Dec Aug – Dec Aug – Dec May – Dec Visible UK Visible Jan – Mar, Dec Jan – Mar, Jan – Feb, Jul Sep Jan – Apr, Sep - Dec Apr, Jan – Jan – Mar, Jul – Dec Jan – Mar, Jan – May, Oct – Dec Jan – May, Jan – May, Nov – Dec Jan – May,

† † † † † † † † † † † † † † † † @ @ than 14 Brighter Jul – Sep Jan – Dec Jun – Aug Jun – Sep – Dec Sep – Nov Aug – Dec Nov – Dec ° @ @ 10 0 20 70 50 40 140 150 160 140 160 160 160 170 160 150 130 140 150 170 170 160 150 Elong. at peak @ @ Jul Jun Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Sep Feb Sep Feb Sep Sep Apr Dec Dec Aug Aug Nov Nov Nov Nov Aug peak Date of 2 @ 20 16 23 14 17 19 14 21 14 13 16 18 12 10 17 17 18 17 15 19 19 12 12 ? Peak Mag.

1 6.6 5.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 12.0 20.0 15.0 24.2 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 19.6 COMETS K 1 6.5 9.5 8.0 4.0 6.0 7.9 9.5 7.6 6.0 7.0 6.5 0.5 11.5 19.5 13.5 10.5 18.0 12.5 13.0 12.5 14.0 10.0 13.0 14.0 10.7 1 3 1 2 2 1 8 6 5 4 8 2 3 1 1 3 7 N H 11 11 16 Southern Hemisphere (35°S) ‡

P 7.33 7.13 8.43 7.53 6.12 5.35 6.47 7.64 5.29 8.65 9.51 6.38 8.26 7.21 8.77 9.64 8.49 8.51 5.46 years 14.7

q au 7.99 1.88 1.86 2.72 1.90 9.56 3.10 1.98 1.26 1.71 2.91 0.12 1.80 3.87 1.38 1.21 1.84 5.32 2.74 3.41 4.27 2.69 2.21 0.93 5.76

T Jan. 27.7 Aug 28.8 Mar 28.1 Oct. 13.3 Oct. 16.8 Oct. 28.0 Oct. 29.3 Sep. 10.6 Sep. 17.1 Sep. 24.3 Sep. 29.9 11.3 Nov. Dec. 2.6 Dec. 10.9 Dec. 17.9 Dec. 19.3 Dec. 21.8 Aug. 3.9 Aug. 18.8 Aug. 18.9 Aug. 31.7 Nov. 15.7 Nov. Nov. 16.5 Nov. Nov. 20.7 Nov. Nov. 23.1 Nov. omet 2017 C (2016 E1) PANSTARRS 30P/Reinmuth P/WISE (2010 P4) Lemmon-Yeung-PanSTARRS(2015 VL62) Lemmon-Yeung-PanSTARRS(2015 145P/Shoemaker-Levy Schwartz (2014 B1) (2010 H2) P/Vales 213P/Van Ness 213P/Van 263P/Gibbs P/LINEAR-NEAT (2004 T1) (2004 P/LINEAR-NEAT 65P/Gunn 96P/Machholz 18D/Perrine-Mrkos 183P/Korlevic-Juric 62P/Tsuchinshan 24P/Schaumasse 236P/LINEAR PANSTARRS (2016 A1) (2016 PANSTARRS 14P/Wolf 139P/Vaisala-Oterma PANSTARRS (2015 V1) (2015 PANSTARRS P/WISE (2010 D1) P/McNaught (2009 S2) 2018 185P/Petriew 2019 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann † Not visible or not brighter than 14th magnitude. @ Subject to outburst BAA Handbook 2017 Comets 95 COMETS Comets at small phase angle or near 180° Comet name Designation From To V m d m d Mueller 190P/ 1 7 1 21 19.5 Schwartz C/2014 B1 1 14 3 7 18.5 LINEAR P/2010 A2 1 15 1 23 18.7 Harrington 51P 1 16 2 5 18.8 Catalina P/2011 CR42 1 19 1 25 17.8

Montani 314P/ 1 26 2 18 18.4

PANSTARRS C/2015 D3 1 26 3 1 19.1 - Palomar C/2012 LP26 2 3 2 9 19.9

Shajn-Schaldach 61P/ 2 3 2 21 17.5 Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak 41P/ 2 12 2 14 13.1 Forbes 37P/ 2 16 3 4 17.2 PANSTARRS P/2016 A3 2 17 3 15 19.8 Scotti 202P/ 2 18 3 4 19.7 Arend 50P/ 2 20 2 26 19.8 PANSTARRS C/2016 C1 2 20 4 9 19.4 LINEAR 234P/ 2 20 3 2 18.0 Elst-Pizarro 133P/ 3 10 3 26 19.0 Shoemaker-Levy 118P/ 3 22 3 28 15.0 Palomar C/2012 LP26 3 23 3 29 20.0 PANSTARRS C/2014 S2 3 24 4 11 15.6 Kushida 144P/ 4 8 4 20 19.5

Wilson-Harrington 107P/ 4 13 4 31 19.7 Kowal 104P/ 4 16 5 2 17.3 McNaught-Hughes 130P/ 4 27 5 9 18.0 Russell 94P/ 4 28 5 8 16.2

Gunn 65P/ 5 18 6 3 12.5 PANSTARRS C/2014 W2 5 20 6 9 16.7 LINEAR C/2015 TQ209 5 23 6 8 18.6 PANSTARRS C/2015 T4 5 25 6 10 20.0 Lemmon C/2015 XY1 6 7 6 15 19.5 NEAT 243P/ 6 16 7 4 19.9 McNaught 336P/ 7 3 7 13 19.7 Wild 81P/ 7 11 7 29 18.1 NEAT 180P/ 7 15 7 19 19.4 Schwartz C/2014 B1 7 17 8 2 18.9 McNaught P/2009 S2 7 19 7 31 18.8 PANSTARRS C/2015 D3 7 21 8 28 19.8 Lemmon C/2015 XY1 7 25 8 2 19.5 Schwassmann-Wachmann 29P/ 7 26 8 28 11.6 Wild 116P/ 8 6 8 26 19.7 Schwartz C/2014 B1 9 11 9 25 18.9 WISE P/2010 D1 9 24 10 2 18.6 PANSTARRS C/2013 X1 9 29 9 31 18.5 Spacewatch P/2013 YG46 10 15 10 25 15.8 Boattini P/2008 T1 10 16 11 3 18.5 Vaisala-Oterma 139P/ 10 26 11 13 16.9 PANSTARRS C/2013 X1 10 27 10 29 18.9 Comets reaching small phase angles can become significantly brighter than given by the standard simple light The photometric parameters over the period when comet is at a small phase angle provide informa curve. PANSTARRS C/2015 ER61 11 4 11 18 14.9 tion about the nature of material in coma. Daily photometric observations during indicated periods are encouraged. LINEAR 219P/ 11 6 11 20 17.1 Spacewatch C/2011 KP36 11 8 11 14 15.2 LINEAR 219P/ 11 10 11 16 17.0 Gehrels 82P/ 11 29 12 19 18.2 Lemmon C/2015 XY1 12 4 1 15 18.9 LINEAR 176P/ 12 15 12 29 18.7 LINEAR 176P/ 12 19 12 23 18.7 McMillan 208P/ 12 18 1 5 18.3 Mueller 136P/ 12 26 1 13 19.6 Spacewatch (300163) 288P/ 12 30 1 7 20.0 96 Comets BAA Handbook 2017 METEORS This diary includes all regular major and some of the more reliable minor streams. Radiant data (UT, Alt.) and twilight data are for observers at the standard latitudes 52°N and 35°S, on the Greenwich meridian. Moonrise and moonset may be determined from the data on pages 27-31. Where two radiants are given for one shower, the first of the two listed in the table has been used for calculating the altitudes. All times are in UT. Normal limits are the dates between which the shower rates are normally greater than 25 per cent of the sporadic rate for the period. Zenithal Hourly Rate (ZHR) is the probable hourly rate for a single experienced observer watching a clear sky with limiting magnitude 6.5 with the shower radiant at the zenith. To a first approximation, the observed hourly rate (OHR) is given by: OHR = ZHR sin a where a is the radiant elevation. Hence high rates cannot be expected if the radiant is low. Sky conditions can alter rates considerably and consequently observers should record the approximate naked eye limiting magnitude in the areas being watched during each observing session. The rates given are the maximum ones, and are only a guide in view of the inherent variability of showers. Twilight here is nautical, starting and ending when the Sun is 12° below the horizon. Telescopic Activity: If a number is given this is an approximate relative telescopic rate (sporadic rate = 1.0). If there is no entry the shower is deficient in faint meteors. However, many of the numbers are speculative. Observations using wide-field CCD imaging may help augment telescopic meteor work in the future. Radiant Daily Motion: Where available, these come from the Working List of Meteor Showers published by the IAU Meteor Data Center (MDC). Meteor radiants are not stationary because of the Earth’s motion around the Sun. They move about one degree of ecliptic longitude per day. The daily motions should be applied to determine the radiant positions at dates other than maximum. The positions of several shower radiants at maximum have been revised following analysis of recent video meteor data by Alex Pratt, William Stewart and Leonard Entwisle.

Special Notes for 2017: Bright moonlight has an adverse effect on meteor observing, and for about five days to either side of Full Moon, lunar glare swamps all but the brighter meteors. Visual observers may, however, minimize the effects of moonlight by positioning themselves so the Moon is behind them and hidden behind a wall or other suitable obstruction. Fortunately, in 2017, relatively few of the major showers are adversely affected by moonlight. The only period where moonlight will be a problem is in early August where the Alpha Capricornids, Iota Aquarids, the second peak of the Delta Aquarids and the Perseids will all be affected. The peak of the Perseids - which are a firm favourite with observers – occurs during daylight from the UK and will suffer from a waning gibbous Moon in Pisces. Moderate rates may be expected in the early morning hours of August 12 and during the following night. With the majority of the major showers unaffected by moonlight, there are many excellent observing opportunities in 2017. The peak of the Quadrantids occurs during daylight in the UK, but moderate rates should be seen in the early morning hours of Jan 03 and the evening and early morning of Jan 04, weather permitting. The April Lyrids peak just before new Moon on April 22 and the Eta Aquarids in early May are also unaffected; shower members may be observed in the eastern sky as the radiant rises before dawn. The complex of showers which peak in late July, e.g. the Capricornids, first peak of the Delta Aquarids and Piscis Australids are quite well placed with respect to the Moon this year. For all the major autumn showers, conditions are very favourable indeed in 2017! The broad Orionids peak in late October, the Leonids in mid-November, the Geminids in mid-December and the Ursids later that month are all observable in dark skies. Taurid activity in mid-November (particularly the Northern branch) will also be unaffected by moonlight. The Geminids are especially favourable, with peak activity expected in the early morning hours of December 14. In recent years the peak ZHR has been well over 100 meteors per hour. It is hoped that observers will make a particular effort to take advantage of the favourable observing conditions throughout 2017. As always, observations away from the major shower maxima and of year-round sporadic activity are every bit as important to the work of the Association’s Meteor Section as those obtained when high rates are anticipated.

BAA Handbook 2017 Meteor Diary 97 METEORS METEORS

Radiant Position Latitude 52°N Latitude 35°S Epoch Maximum Daily Motion Twilight Radiant Twilight Radiant

λ☉ Local Time Age of Normal Telescopic Shower (2000.0) Maximum R.A. Dec. R.A. Dec. of Transit Date Moon Ends Begins UT Alt. Ends Begins UT Alt. Notes Limits ZHR Activity ° at Max. hh:mm (°) ° ° ° h d h h h ° h h h ° Quadrantids 283.2 Jan. 3d 15h Jan. 1-6 80+ 15:20 (230) +50 +0.4 –0.2 1.5 8.5 Jan. 3 5 17.4 6.7 00 21 – – – – Blue and yellow meteors. Diffuse radiant 03 40 except at peak. High rates in 2014. 06 66 Very favourable. Virginids 022 Apr. 11-12 Mar-Apr 5 14:04 (211) –09 ? 0.7 Apr. 11 15 20.2 3.9 22 20 18.6 5.4 20 21 The two most prominent of several radiants in Apr.6-17 5 13:36 (204) –11 0.3 01 29 00 62 Virgo, active March-April. Slow, long paths. 04 16 04 38 Lyrids 032 Apr. 22 Apr. 18-25 10 18:08 (272) +33 +1.10 0.0 4.2 Apr. 22 26 20.6 3.4 21 15 18.4 5.6 01 09 Normally rather moderate activity, but fine – 00 41 03 21 displays in 1803, 1922, 1982. 03 66 05 22 Very favourable. η Aquarids 045 May 5-6 Apr. 24- 40 22:30 (338) –01 +0.7 +0.3 – 7.6 May 5 9 20 2.8 02 03 18.2 5.7 02 05 Fine southern shower, poorly seen from the May 20 03 12 04 29 UK. Broad maximum and multiple radiant.

06 49 Telescopic peak λ☉=042°. α-Scorpiids 038 Apr. 28 Apr. 20- 5 16:31 (248) –24 +0.50 –0.19 1.5 2.0 Apr. 28 2 21.4 2.5 22 07 18.1 5.8 20 30 Part of the Scorpio-Sagittarius complex. 052 May 12 May 19 16:04 (241) –24 1.6 May 12 00 14 00 77 Several weak radiants. April-July. 02 12 03 57 Ophiuchids 079 Jun. 10 May 19- 5 17:56 (269) –23 Jun. 10 16 18.6 5.4 20 15 17.9 6.1 21 54 Weak activity from several radiants. 089 Jun. 20 July 17:20 (260) –20 – 23.5 Jun. 20 18 00 74 Best for southern observers. 10 03 42 α-Cygnids 118 Jul. 21 Jul.-Aug. 5 21:00 (315) +48 ? 1.1 Jul. 21 28 21.8 2.3 22 62 18.1 6.1 23 03 Weak, apparently stationary radiant producing 148 Aug. 21 23.0 Aug. 21 00 80 01 07 steady activity throughout northern summer. 02 79 02 06 Capricornids 106 Jul. 9 Jul.-Aug. 5 20:44 (311) –15 1.6 Jul. 9 16 22.3 1.9 22 11 18.1 6.1 21 54 Bright yellow-blue meteors. May have three 113 Jul. 16 – 1.2 Jul. 16 23 22.1 2.1 00 21 00 64 maxima and multiple radiant. 123 Jul. 26 0.5 Jul. 26 3 21.7 2.5 02 22 03 06 Favourable in the second half of July. δ-Aquarids 126 Jul. 29 Jul.15- 20 22:36 (339) –17 +0.8 +0.18 1.0 2.2 Jul. 29 6 21.6 2.6 23 09 18.2 6.0 23 44 Fine southern shower with double radiant. S. 134 Aug. 6 Aug.20 10 23:04 (346) +02 +1.0 +0.2 2.1 Aug. 6 14 21.2 2.9 01 19 02 72 component is the richer. Meteors tend to be 03 20 05 49 faint. Piscis 128 Jul.31 Jul. 15- 5 22:40 (340) –30 - ? 2.1 Jul. 31 8 21.5 2.7 00 03 18.3 6.0 23 51 Southern shower in need of observation. Australids Aug. 20 07 02 85 Favourable. 08 05 53

α-Capricornids 130 Aug. 2-3 Jul. 15- 5 20:36 (309) –10 +0.90 +0.30 23.8 Aug. 2 10 21.4 2.8 22 23 18.3 5.9 23 43 Maxima at λ☉ =123°, 129°, 137°. Long, slow Aug. 20 – 00 28 02 65 fireballs are often seen. 02 22 05 41 ι-Aquarids 134 Aug. 6 Jul.-Aug. 8 22:10 (333) –15 +1.07 +0.18 1.0? 1.2 Aug. 6 14 21.2 2.9 22 12 18.3 5.9 22 38 Rich in faint meteors. Double radiant. 22:04 (331) –06 +1.03 +0.13 1.1 00 21 01 68 Unfavourable. 02 22 04 52 Perseids 140.0 Aug 12d 19h Jul. 23- 80+ 03:11 (048) +58 +1.38 +0.18 0.5 5.8 Aug. 12 20 21.0 3.2 21 27 – – – – Rich shower of fast meteors. High proportion Aug. 20 00 44 of bright events leaving persistent trains. 03 66 Moonlight interferes. Piscids 166 Sep. 9 Sep.-Oct. 10 00:36 (009) +07 ? 1.3 Sep. 9 19 19.7 4.1 21 21 18.7 5.2 21 16 Another multiple-radiant ecliptic complex with 178 Sep. 21 5 00:24 (006) 00 0.3 Sep. 21 2 19.2 4.5 00 42 low rates. 200 Oct. 13 ? 01:44 (026) +14 0.1 Oct. 13 23 18.4 5.1 03 41 Orionids 209 Oct. 21-23 Oct. 16-30 25 06:24 (096) +16 +0.70 +0.11 1.0 4.5 Oct. 22 3 18.1 5.4 00 26 19.3 4.2 00 09 Fast meteors, many with persistent trains. Flat 02 43 02 29 maximum, with several sub-peaks. Good in 04 53 04 40 2007. Very favourable.

Taurids (S) 223 Nov. 5 Oct. 20- 10 03:33 (056) +13 +0.73 +0.18 ? 0.6 Nov. 5 17 17.7 5.8 21 33 19.5 3.9 21 19 Slow meteors. Double radiant. Broad peak λ☉ (N) 230 Nov. 12 Nov. 30 03:54 (059) +22 +0.80 +0.16 0.5 Nov. 12 24 17.5 5.9 00 51 00 36 =220°-230°. Sometimes more fireballs, as in 03 42 03 30 2015. Leonids 235.4 Nov. 17d 19h Nov. 15-20 20? 10:16 (154) +22 +0.60 –0.29 0.5? 6.5 Nov. 17 29 17.4 6.1 01 23 19.8 3.7 02 05 Very fast meteors, many with persistent trains. 03 41 03 15 Enhanced activity unlikely until the late 2020s, 05 56 04 24 but observations still important. Very favourable. Puppids-Velids 257 Dec. 9 Nov. 27-Jan 15 09:00 (135) –48 ? 6.4 Dec. 9 21 - 21 – – 20.2 3.5 23 13 Two of several radiants in Puppis, Vela and 274 Dec. 26 09:20 (140) –65 Dec. 26 9 01 31 Carina from November to January 03 50 Geminids 262.0 Dec. 14d 02h Dec. 8-17 100+ 07:33 (113) +32 +1.02 –0.15 1.5 1.9 Dec. 14 26 17.2 6.6 21 34 20.2 3.6 23 12 Richest of the annual showers, with slow 00 61 01 22 meteors and a good proportion of bright events. 03 67 03 31 Very favourable. Ursids 235.4 23.5 Dec. 17-25 10? 14:28 (217) +78 +0.88 –0.45 1.0? 8.4 Dec. 22 5 17.3 6.7 22 41 – – – – Under-observed shower which has produced 02 49 outbursts in 1945, 1982, 1986 and in 2014. 06 61 Favourable.

98 Meteor Diary BAA Handbook 2017 METEORS METEORS

Radiant Position Latitude 52°N Latitude 35°S Epoch Maximum Daily Motion Twilight Radiant Twilight Radiant

BAA Handbook 2017 Meteor Diary 99 VARIABLE STARS Heliocentric Times of Primary Minima RZ Cassiopeiae: Magnitude 6.2 to 7.7, Duration 4.8 hours h h h h h h Jan. 1 9.6 Feb. 1 11.5 Mar. 2 3.9* Apr. 1 1.1* May 2 2.9* Jun. 1 0.1 2 14.3 2 16.2 3 8.6 2 5.8 3 7.6 2 4.8 3 19.1* 3 20.8* 4 13.3 3 10.5 4 12.3 3 9.5 4 23.7* 5 1.5* 5 18.0 4 15.2 5 17.0 4 14.1 6 4.4* 6 6.2 6 22.7* 5 19.8 6 21.7 5 18.8 7 9.1 7 10.9 8 3.4* 7 0.5* 8 2.4* 6 23.5 8 13.8 8 15.6 9 8.1 8 5.2 9 7.0 8 4.2 9 18.4 9 20.3* 10 12.7 9 9.9 10 11.7 9 8.9 10 23.1* 11 1.0* 11 17.4 10 14.6 11 16.4 10 13.6 12 3.8* 12 5.6 12 22.1* 11 19.3 12 21.1 11 18.3 13 8.5 13 10.3 14 2.8* 13 0.0* 14 1.8* 12 23.0 14 13.2 14 15.0 15 7.5 14 4.7 15 6.5 14 3.6 15 17.9 15 19.7* 16 12.2 15 9.3 16 11.2 15 8.3 16 22.6* 17 0.4* 17 16.9 16 14.0 17 15.8 16 13.0 18 3.2* 18 5.1* 18 21.5* 17 18.7 18 20.5 17 17.7 19 7.9 19 9.8 20 2.2* 18 23.4* 20 1.2* 18 22.4 20 12.6 20 14.5 21 6.9 20 4.1 21 5.9 20 3.1 21 17.3 21 19.1 22 11.5 21 8.8 22 10.6 21 7.7 22 22.0* 22 23.8* 23 16.3 22 13.4 23 15.3 22 12.4 24 2.7* 24 4.5* 24 21.0* 23 18.1 24 20.0 23 17.1 25 7.4 25 9.2 26 1.7* 24 22.8* 26 0.7 24 21.8 26 12.0 26 13.9 27 6.3 26 3.5 27 5.3 26 2.5 27 16.7 27 18.6 28 11.0 27 8.2 28 10.0 27 7.2 28 21.4* 28 23.3* 29 15.7 28 12.9 29 14.7 28 11.9 30 2.1* 30 20.4 29 17.6 30 19.4 29 16.5 31 6.8 30 22.3 30 21.2

Jul. 2 1.9 Aug. 2 3.8 Sep. 1 0.9* Oct. 2 2.7* Nov. 2 4.6* Dec. 2 1.7* 3 6.6 3 8.4 2 5.6 3 7.4 3 9.3 3 6.4 4 11.3 4 13.1 3 10.3 4 12.1 4 14.0 4 11.1 5 16.0 5 17.8 4 15.0 5 16.8 5 18.7 5 15.8 6 20.7 6 22.5* 5 19.7 6 21.5* 6 23.3* 6 20.5* 8 1.4 8 3.2 7 0.3* 8 2.2* 8 4.0* 8 1.2* 9 6.0 9 7.9 8 5.0 9 6.9 9 8.7 9 5.9 10 10.7 10 12.6 9 9.7 10 11.5 10 13.4 10 10.5 11 15.4 11 17.2 10 14.4 11 16.2 11 18.1 11 15.2 12 20.1 12 21.9 11 19.1 12 20.9* 12 22.8* 12 19.9* 14 0.8 14 2.6* 12 23.8* 14 1.6* 14 3.4* 14 0.6* 15 5.5 15 7.3 14 4.4 15 6.3 15 8.1 15 5.3 16 10.2 16 12.0 15 9.1 16 11.0 16 12.8 16 10.0 17 14.8 17 16.7 16 13.8 17 15.7 17 17.5 17 14.7 18 19.5 18 21.4 17 18.5 18 20.3* 18 22.2* 18 19.3* 20 0.2 20 2.0* 18 23.2* 20 1.0* 20 2.9* 20 0.0* 21 4.9 21 6.7 20 3.9 21 5.7 21 7.6 21 4.7* 22 9.6 22 11.4 21 8.6 22 10.4 22 12.2 22 9.4 23 14.3 23 16.1 22 13.3 23 15.1 23 16.9 23 14.1 24 19.0 24 20.8 23 17.9 24 19.8 24 21.6* 24 18.8* 25 23.6* 26 1.5* 24 22.6* 26 0.5* 26 2.3* 25 23.5* 27 4.3 27 6.2 26 3.3 27 5.2 27 7.0 27 4.2* 28 9.0 28 10.8 27 8.0 28 9.8 28 11.7 28 8.9 29 13.7 29 15.5 28 12.7 29 14.5 29 16.4 29 13.5 30 18.4 30 20.2 29 17.4 30 19.2 30 21.1* 30 18.2 31 23.1* 30 22.1* 31 23.9* 31 22.9*

Minima marked with an asterisk (*) are favourable from the British Isles, taking into account the altitude of the variable and the distance of the Sun below the horizon (based on longitude 0° and latitude 52° N).

Heliocentric times must be UTC corrected for the light–time to the Sun. To calculate this, use the program on the Computing Section website. http://britastro.org/computing/applets_dt.html 100 Variable Stars BAA Handbook 2017 VARIABLE STARS

b Persei (Algol): Magnitude 2.1 to 3.4, Duration 9.6 hours

h h h h h h Jan 2 12.2 Feb 3 1.2* Mar 3 17.3 Apr 1 9.5 May 2 22.5 Jun 3 11.4 5 9.0 5 22.0* 6 14.1 4 6.3 5 19.3 6 8.2 8 5.8 8 18.8 9 10.9 7 3.1 8 16.1 9 5.1 11 2.6* 11 15.6 12 7.8 10 23.9 11 12.9 12 1.9 13 23.4* 14 12.4 15 4.6 12 20.7 14 9.7 14 22.7 16 20.3* 17 9.2 18 1.4* 15 17.6 17 6.5 17 19.5 19 17.1 20 6.1 20 22.2* 18 14.4 20 3.4 20 16.3 22 13.9 23 2.9* 23 19.0 21 11.2 23 0.2 23 13.1 25 10.7 25 23.7* 26 15.8 24 8.0 25 21.0 26 10.0 28 7.5 28 20.5* 29 12.7 27 4.8 28 17.8 29 6.8 31 4.3*

Jul 2 3.6 Aug 2 16.6 Sep 3 5.5 Oct 1 21.7 Nov 2 10.7 Dec 1 2.8* 5 0.4 5 13.4 6 2.4* 4 18.5 5 7.5 3 23.7* 7 21.2 8 10.2 8 23.2* 7 15.3 8 4.3 6 20.5* 10 18.0 11 7.0 11 20.0 10 12.2 11 1.1* 9 17.3 13 14.9 14 3.8 14 16.8 13 9.0 13 22.0* 12 14.1 16 11.7 17 0.7* 17 13.6 16 5.8 16 18.8 15 10.9 19 8.5 19 21.5 20 10.4 19 2.6* 19 15.6 18 7.7 22 5.3 22 18.3 23 7.3 21 23.4* 22 12.4 21 4.6* 25 2.1 25 15.1 26 4.1 24 20.2 25 9.2 24 1.4* 27 22.9 28 11.9 29 0.9* 27 17.1 28 6.0 26 22.2* 30 19.8 31 8.7 30 13.9 29 19.0

RS Canum Venaticorum 7.9 to 9.1, Duration 13 hours

h h h h h h Jan 4 4.6 Feb 1 23.5* Mar 2 18.3 Apr 5 8.4 May 4 3.2 Jun 1 22.1 8 23.8* 6 18.6 7 13.5 10 3.5 8 22.4* 6 17.2 13 18.9 11 13.8 12 8.6 14 22.6* 13 17.5 11 12.4 18 14.0 16 8.9 17 3.8 19 17.8 18 12.7 16 7.5 23 9.2 21 4.1* 21 22.9* 24 12.9 23 7.8 21 2.7 28 4.3* 25 23.2* 26 18.1 29 8.1 28 2.9 25 21.8 31 13.2 30 17.0

Jul 5 12.1 Aug 3 7.0 Sep 1 1.8 Oct 4 15.8 Nov 2 10.7 Dec 1 5.6 10 7.2 8 2.1 5 21.0 9 11.0 7 5.9 6 0.7* 15 2.4 12 21.3 10 16.1 14 6.1 12 1.0 10 19.9 19 21.5 17 16.4 15 11.3 19 1.3 16 20.2 15 15.0 24 16.7 22 11.5 20 6.4 23 20.4 21 15.3 20 10.2 29 11.8 27 6.7 25 1.6 28 15.6 26 10.4 25 5.3 29 20.7 30 0.5*

BAA Handbook 2017 Variable Stars 101 MIRA STARS Approximate dates of maxima and minima for Mira stars on the programme of the BAA Variable Star Sec- tion, together with (usually) the mean visual range, period, and fraction of the period taken in rising from minimum to maximum for each star. The predictions, which are subject to inevitable uncertainty, use data from the American Association of Variable Star Observers.

Star Range Period Max–Min Date of Max. Date of Min. Max Min Period d R And 6.9 14.3 409 0.38 Jun. 2016 Dec./2017 Jan. W And 7.4 13.7 396 0.42 Feb. Jul. RW And 8.7 14.8 430 0.36 Dec. Jul. R Aqr 6.5 10.3 387 0.42 Jun. 2016 Dec./2017 Jan. R Aql 6.1 11.5 284 0.42 Feb., Nov./Dec. Jul./Aug. UV Aur* 7.4 10.6 394 0.50 Oct. Apr. V Cam 9.9 15.4 522 0.31 Jul./Aug. Feb., X Cam 8.1 12.6 144 0.49 Apr./May,Sep. Feb., Jul., Nov./Dec. SU Cnc* 10.5 [15.4 187 0.43 Jan., Jul./Aug. Nov. U CVn 9.9 14.6 346 0.37 Aug./Sep. Apr./May RT CVn* 9.9 [15.0 254 0.45 Sep. May S Cas 9.7 14.8 612 0.43 Jun./Jul. - T Cas 7.9 11.9 445 0.56 Apr./May Nov. ο Cet 3.4 9.3 332 0.38 Feb. Sep. R Com 8.5 14.2 363 0.38 Aug. Mar./Apr. S CrB 7.3 12.9 360 0.35 Aug. Apr. V CrB 7.5 11.0 358 0.41 Sep. Apr./May W CrB 8.5 13.5 238 0.45 Mar., Nov. Jul./Aug. R Cyg 7.5 13.9 426 0.35 Mar. Dec. S Cyg 10.3 16.0 323 0.50 Sep./Oct. Apr. V Cyg 9.1 12.8 421 0.46 - Sep./Oct. χ Cyg 5.2 13.4 408 0.41 Oct. May T Dra 9.6 12.3 422 0.44 Jun. - RU Her 8.0 13.7 485 0.43 Sep./Oct. Feb./Mar. SS Her 9.2 12.4 107 0.48 Mar./Apr.,Jul., Jan./Feb.,May Oct./Nov. Aug./Sep. R Hya 4.5 9.5 389 0.49 Oct./Nov. Apr./May SU Lac* 10.3 [15.0 302 0.40 2016 Dec./2017 Jan., Jun./Jul. Oct./Nov. RS Leo* 9.7 [15.5 208 0.31 May Mar., Sep./Oct. W Lyn 9.9 ≈15 295 0.40 Jul. Dec./2018 Jan. X Lyn 10.2 ≈15 321 0.40 Jul. Feb./Mar. X Oph 6.8 8.8 329 0.53 Apr. Sep. U Ori 6.3 12.0 368 0.38 Apr. Nov. R Ser 6.9 13.4 356 0.41 Jun./Jul. Jan./Feb. T UMa 7.7 12.9 257 0.41 Jun. Feb./Mar., Oct./Nov.

* Extreme range is given [ Fainter than ≈ Approximately

102 Variable Stars BAA Handbook 2017 VARIABLE STAR OF THE YEAR

Variable Star of the Year – T Cassiopeiæ

Just 2.5 degrees preceding alpha Cas lies one of the most popular telescopic Mira-type variable stars T Cas. T Cas often exceeds magnitude 8 at maximum which is well within binocular range but it normally requires a telescope to fully separate it from a nearby eighth magnitude star. The General Catalogue of Variable Stars lists T Cas with a range of 6.9-13.0V, period 444.83 days and a spectrum of M6e-M9.0e.

T Cas was announced to be a variable star by Adalbert Krueger at Helsinki Observatory in December 1870. T Cas was originally recorded as a 9th magnitude star in 1842 in the Bonner Durchmusterung (BD) and Krueger noted a discrepancy between the BD magnitudes for BD +54 48 (T Cas) and the nearby star BD +54 49 (later catalogued as HD1873) with his own observations in October 1870. It soon became apparent that BD +54 48 (a distinctly red star) was variable. Baxendell was the first person in the UK to observe T Cas when he recorded a maximum of magnitude 7.8 on 16th October 1885 and BAA VSS monitoring commenced in 1892 with early contributions from Corder, Grover, Peek and Pereira.

According to BAA VSS, data the extreme range of variation has been in excess of 6 magnitudes between 6.8 (April 1932) to 13.0 (July 1981) but it can reduce to below 3 magnitudes at times. The faintest maximum observed was magnitude 8.9 (August 2002) and the brightest minimum seen was magnitude 10.8 (May 2015). Since 2000, the range has not exceeded 3 magnitudes and in 2015 it further reduced to 2.5 magnitudes.

The mean period is 444.57 days derived from BAA VSS data over 100 cycles from 1893 to 2015. The period has changed from 446 days in 1893-1921 to 448 days in 1921-1940, 445 days in 1940- 1985 and 440 days in 1985-2015. Therefore there has been a slight shortening trend within the past 95 years.

The shape of the light curve is not a typical Mira star where the rise is often more rapid than the fade. T Cas frequently has a hump (rate of rise slowdown) on the rise or double maxima with the second maximum usually the brighter. In 1981-1985 there was a hump on each rise appearing progressively later and then in 1986-1990 this turned into double maxima that progressively occurred earlier (refer to light curve). This behaviour indicated a travelling wave action suggesting that there is more than one pulsation mode in action.

As indicated above, T Cas has a companion star HD1873 that is similar in brightness to T Cas when it is near maximum. HD1873 is a magnitude 8.12 blue star which is just 1.5' north-following T Cas. The contrasting colours of these stars in a rich Milky Way field make an interesting sight in small telescopes.

T Cas is circumpolar from the UK so continuous monitoring can be achieved by observers equipped with small to medium-sized telescopes. It is a particularly interesting star to follow due to the un- predictability of the form and extent of variation exhibited. The recent reduction in range trend and possible shortening period trend are important features to monitor in the future.

BAA Handbook 2017 Variable Stars 103 T CASSIOPEIÆ LIGHT CURVE LIGHT CASSIOPEIÆ T

104 Variable Stars BAA Handbook 2017 T CASSIOPEIÆ FINDER CHART

BAA Handbook 2017 Variable Stars 105 EPHEMERIDES OF VISUAL BINARY STARS Inspection of the two–point ephemeris will indicate whether a pair is closing, relatively static, or opening up, and whether motion is direct or retrograde. A fast–mover of long period is probably near periastron, while a slow–mover of short period is likely to be near apastron. The orbital elements employed for the computation are those published in the Sixth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars, by William I. Hartkopf and Brian D. Mason, U.S. Naval Observatory:

http://ad.usno.navy.mil/wds/orb6.html

2000.0 2017.0 2018.0 Star Name ADS RA Dec. Mags. Period PA Dist. PA Dist. h m ° ′ y ° ″ ° ″ 85 Peg 17175 0 02.2 +27 05 5.8 8.9 26 78.9 0.48 98.7 0.60 OΣ 4 221 0 16.7 +36 29 7.9 9.8 109 11.6 0.15 358.3 0.16 λ Cas 434 0 31.8 +54 31 5.3 5.6 246 230.8 0.16 236.5 0.14 β 395 520 0 37.3 –24 46 6.6 6.2 25 115.5 0.69 118.5 0.60 η Cas 671 0 49.1 +57 49 3.5 7.3 479 325.1 13.32 325.5 13.35

36 And 755 0 55.0 +23 38 6.1 6.5 168 331.4 1.14 332.5 1.15 Howe 4 1223 1 33.7 –12 13 9.2 9.3 146 330.8 0.93 330.5 0.93 Dunlop 5 … 1 39.8 –56 12 5.7 5.9 475 186.6 11.62 186.4 11.62 Σ 186 1538 1 55.9 +01 51 6.7 6.8 166 71.9 0.71 72.8 0.69 α Psc 1615 2 02.0 +02 46 4.1 5.1 933 262.1 1.83 261.4 1.84

10 Ari 1631 2 03.7 +25 56 5.8 7.8 325 347.6 1.52 348.1 1.54 Σ 228 1709 2 14.0 +47 29 6.5 7.2 145 302.5 0.67 304.4 0.64 h 3494 .. 2 19.8 –35 27 9.0 9.1 475 241.9 2.30 241.4 2.30 ι Cas AB 1860 2 29.1 +67 24 4.6 6.9 620 227.8 2.63 227.6 2.63 Σ 305 2122 2 47.5 +19 22 7.5 8.2 531 307.1 3.60 307.0 3.60

α For 2402 3 12.1 –28 59 3.9 7.1 269 300.5 5.40 300.6 5.42 Σ 367 2416 3 14.0 +00 44 8.1 8.1 753 130.3 1.25 130.0 1.25 7 Tau 2616 3 34.4 +24 28 6.6 6.8 522 351.1 0.76 350.8 0.76 OΣ 65 2799 3 50.3 +25 35 5.7 6.5 61 201.7 0.48 202.1 0.50 40 Eri BC 3093 4 15.3 –07 39 10.0 11.4 252 332.2 9.01 331.9 8.98

OΣ 77 AB 3082 4 15.9 +31 42 8.0 8.2 188 302.6 0.50 303.9 0.49 Hu 445 3614 5 01.7 +20 50 9.3 8.4 166 150.6 0.35 152.8 0.35 14 Ori 3711 5 07.9 +08 30 5.7 6.6 197 287.7 0.96 286.1 0.97 η Gem 4841 6 14.9 +22 30 3.5 6.1 474 252.3 1.61 252.0 1.61 OΣ 149 5234 6 36.4 +27 17 7.1 8.9 119 280.7 0.74 279.7 0.74

12 Lyn AB 5400 6 46.2 +59 27 5.4 6.0 908 66.2 1.91 65.8 1.91 1 Lyn 5514 6 53.1 +59 27 6.0 6.5 316 352.5 0.29 354.3 0.30 α Gem 6175 7 34.6 +31 53 1.9 2.9 460 53.7 5.18 53.2 5.25 9 Pup 6420 7 51.8 –13 54 5.6 6.4 23 298.4 0.52 300.9 0.48 ζ Cnc AB 6650 8 12.2 +17 39 5.3 6.2 60 13.5 1.13 10.2 1.13

ζ Cnc AB–C 6650 8 12.2 +17 39 4.9 5.8 1115 65.4 5.93 65.0 5.93 β 208 6914 8 39.1 –22 40 5.3 6.8 123 55.0 0.57 58.4 0.51 I 314 .. 8 39.4 –36 36 6.4 7.9 67 241.6 0.85 241.4 0.86 δ Vel .. 8 44.7 –54 43 1.9 5.5 147 215.5 0.54 208.5 0.61 ε Hya AB–C 6993 8 46.8 +06 25 3.5 6.7 589 308.4 2.82 309.1 2.82

Σ 1338 7307 9 21.0 +38 11 6.7 7.0 303 316.6 1.00 318.3 1.00 ω Leo 7390 9 28.5 +09 03 5.6 7.2 118 111.6 0.85 112.7 0.86 γ Sex 7555 9 52.5 –08 06 5.4 6.4 78 40.7 0.52 39.2 0.51 γ Leo 7724 10 20.0 +19 50 2.3 3.6 554 127.2 4.74 127.3 4.74 β 411 7846 10 36.1 –26 41 6.6 7.7 159 304.1 1.34 303.7 1.33

106 Double Stars BAA Handbook 2017 EPHEMERIDES OF VISUAL BINARY STARS 2000.0 2017.0 2018.0 Star Name ADS RA Dec. Mags. Period PA Dist. PA Dist. h m ° ′ y ° ″ ° ″ ξ UMa AB 8119 11 18.2 +31 32 4.3 4.8 60 165.9 1.93 161.0 2.01 ι Leo 8148 11 23.9 +10 32 4.0 6.7 186 94.3 2.15 93.5 2.18 BrsO 5 .. 11 24.7 –61 39 7.6 8.7 399 248.5 7.59 248.7 7.63 OΣ 235 8197 11 32.3 +61 05 5.6 7.5 73 39.7 0.92 42.0 0.93 Σ 1639 8539 12 24.4 +25 35 6.7 7.8 575 322.9 1.84 322.8 1.85

β 28 8573 12 30.1 –13 24 6.4 9.5 151 346.1 2.20 346.7 2.20 γ Cen .. 12 41.5 –48 58 2.8 2.9 84 78.4 0.13 47.9 0.21 γ Vir 8630 12 41.7 –01 27 3.4 3.5 169 2.0 2.55 0.3 2.69 35 Com 8695 12 53.3 +21 15 5.1 7.0 359 202.9 1.03 204.0 1.02 I 83 .. 12 56.7 –47 41 7.3 7.6 173 236.2 0.86 236.5 0.86

78 UMa 8739 13 00.7 +56 22 5.0 7.8 105 128.9 0.73 135.3 0.68 A1609 AB 8901 13 25.8 +44 30 9.4 8.7 44 62.8 0.34 68.8 0.32 25 CVn 8974 13 37.5 +36 18 4.9 6.9 228 94.5 1.68 94.2 1.67 α Cen .. 14 39.6 –60 50 0.0 1.3 80 314.9 4.15 326.9 4.46 ζ Boo 9343 14 41.1 +13 44 4.4 4.5 125 287.6 0.37 285.7 0.33

φ309 .. 14 46.2 –21 11 7.3 7.3 13 158.6 0.25 170.2 0.22 ξ Boo 9413 14 51.4 +19 06 4.7 6.9 152 300.4 5.47 299.1 5.39 OΣ 288 9425 14 53.4 +15 42 6.8 7.5 313 157.5 0.99 156.8 0.97 H 4707 .. 14 54.2 –66 25 7.5 8.0 346 267.9 1.22 267.3 1.24 44 Boo 9494 15 03.8 +47 39 5.2 6.1 210 73.8 0.69 79.9 0.53

η CrB 9617 15 23.2 +30 17 5.6 5.9 42 224.5 0.53 237.8 0.46 γ Lup .. 15 35.1 –41 10 2.9 4.4 190 276.3 0.83 276.2 0.82 π2 UMi 9769 15 39.6 +79 59 7.3 8.1 172 21.4 0.61 21.1 0.61 ξ Sco AB 9909 16 04.4 –11 22 5.1 4.8 46 7.0 1.10 8.6 1.11 σ CrB AB 9979 16 14.7 +33 52 5.6 6.5 726 238.4 7.21 238.6 7.23

λ Oph 10087 16 30.9 +01 59 4.1 5.1 129 42.7 1.42 43.5 1.41 ζ Her 10157 16 41.3 +31 36 2.9 5.4 34 124.0 1.28 117.7 1.32 20 Dra 10279 16 56.4 +65 02 7.0 7.3 422 66.5 1.14 66.4 1.14 MlbO 4 AB .. 17 19.0 –34 59 6.3 7.3 42 114.8 0.77 80.0 0.53 BrsO 13 .. 17 19.1 –46 38 5.6 8.8 953 258.1 10.55 258.4 10.62

26 Dra 10660 17 35.0 +61 53 5.2 8.5 76 257.4 0.33 231.1 0.32 τ Oph 11005 18 03.1 –08 11 5.2 5.8 257 287.9 1.52 288.3 1.51 70 Oph 11046 18 05.5 +02 30 4.2 6.1 88 124.3 6.43 123.4 6.50 h 5014 .. 18 06.8 –43 25 5.6 5.6 450 359.1 1.74 358.6 1.74 OΣ 358 11483 18 35.9 +16 59 6.9 7.0 380 145.3 1.50 144.7 1.49

ε1 Lyr AB 11635 18 44.3 +39 40 5.1 6.1 1725 345.3 2.33 345.0 2.32 ε2 Lyr CD 11635 18 44.3 +39 40 5.2 5.3 724 75.2 2.39 74.8 2.39 γ CrA .. 19 06.4 –37 04 4.5 6.4 122 340.6 1.44 336.5 1.46 δ Cyg 12880 19 45.0 +45 08 2.8 6.2 918 216.5 2.74 216.0 2.75 λ Cyg 14296 20 47.4 +36 29 4.7 6.2 391 358.7 0.92 358.3 0.92

4 Aqr 14360 20 51.4 –05 38 6.4 7.4 200 30.9 0.76 31.8 0.74 ε Equ AB 14499 20 59.1 +04 18 5.9 6.3 101 279.5 0.12 273.8 0.06 τ Cyg 14787 21 14.8 +38 03 3.8 6.5 50 196.4 0.96 192.0 0.98 μ Cyg 15270 21 44.1 +28 45 4.7 6.1 789 323.1 1.52 324.2 1.50 53 Aqr 15934 22 26.6 –16 45 6.2 6.3 3500 69.2 1.29 73.5 1.30

Kr 60 15972 22 28.0 +57 42 9.9 11.4 45 261.6 1.49 244.4 1.60 ζ Aqr AB 15971 22 28.8 –00 01 4.3 4.4 487 162.5 2.29 161.3 2.32 π Cep 16538 23 07.9 +75 23 4.6 6.8 163 1.0 1.12 1.8 1.12 β 80 16665 23 18.9 +05 24 8.1 9.3 97 247.9 0.75 249.9 0.78 72 Peg 16836 23 34.0 +31 20 5.6 6.1 492 105.2 0.58 105.8 0.58

BAA Handbook 2017 Double Stars 107 BRIGHT STARS FOR EPOCH 2017.5 Name RA Dec. V Name RA Dec. V h m s ° ' " h m s ° ' " α And 0 09 17.8 +29 11 13 2.07 α UMa 11 04 47.6 +61 39 23 1.81 β Cas* 0 10 07.3 +59 14 46 2.28 β Leo 11 49 57.1 +14 28 27 2.14 α Cas 0 41 30.7 +56 37 59 2.24 α Cru† 12 27 35.1 –63 11 45 0.77 β Cet 0 44 28.0 –17 53 27 2.04 γ Cru* 12 32 08.8 –57 12 40 1.59 β And 1 10 43.1 +35 42 46 2.07 γ Cen† 12 42 29.4 –49 03 20 2.20 α Eri 1 38 21.8 –57 08 54 0.45 β Cru* 12 48 45.3 –59 47 03 1.25 γ And 2 04 58.9 +42 24 46 2.10 ε UMa* 12 54 47.7 +55 51 54 1.76 α Ari 2 08 09.8 +23 32 40 2.01 ζ UMa 13 24 37.7 +54 50 04 2.23 α UMi* 2 53 36.8 +89 20 17 1.97 α Vir* 13 26 07.0 –11 15 08 0.98 α Per* 3 09 18.9 +41 01 19 2.09 ε Cen 13 41 00.5 –53 33 17 2.29 α Per 3 25 34.9 +49 55 19 1.79 η UMa 13 48 13.7 +49 13 35 1.85 η Tau 3 48 31.7 +24 09 29 2.85 β Cen* 14 05 04.4 –60 27 24 0.61 α Tau 4 36 55.6 +16 32 35 0.87 θ Cen 14 07 43.1 –36 27 19 2.06 β Ori 5 15 22.8 –08 10 57 0.18 α Boo 14 16 27.6 +19 05 31 –0.05 α Aur* 5 17 59.1 +46 00 50 0.08 η Cen* 14 36 37.5 –42 14 01 2.33 γ Ori 5 26 04.2 +06 21 51 1.64 α Cen cg* 14 40 48.3 –60 54 26 –0.01 β Tau 5 27 24.0 +28 37 14 1.65 α Lup* 14 43 06.1 –47 27 44 2.30 δ Ori* 5 32 54.1 +00 17 15 2.25 ε Boo 14 45 45.1 +27 00 04 2.35 ε Ori 5 37 06.1 –01 11 31 1.69 β UMi 14 50 40.3 +74 05 02 2.07 ζ Ori 5 41 38.6 –01 56 04 1.74 α CrB* 15 35 25.8 +26 39 24 2.22 κ Ori 5 48 35.2 –09 39 53 2.07 δ Sco 16 01 22.3 –22 40 13 2.29 α Ori* 5 56 07.2 +07 24 32 0.45 α Sco* 16 30 29.0 –26 28 10 1.06 β Aur* 6 00 48.8 +44 56 50 1.90 α TrA 16 50 32.0 –69 03 26 1.91 β CMa* 6 23 28.3 –17 57 57 1.98 ε Sco 16 51 18.0 –34 19 25 2.29 α Car* 6 24 20.4 –52 42 21 –0.62 λ Sco* 17 34 47.9 –37 06 54 1.62 γ Gem 6 38 43.3 +16 22 58 1.93 α Oph 17 35 44.8 +12 32 55 2.08 α CMa 6 45 54.8 –16 44 30 –1.44 θ Sco 17 38 34.7 –43 00 26 1.86 ε CMa 6 59 18.8 –28 59 49 1.50 γ Dra 17 57 00.8 +51 29 15 2.24 δ CMa 7 09 06.2 –26 25 19 1.83 ε Sgr 18 25 20.0 –34 22 29 1.79 α Gem† 7 35 42.6 +31 50 52 1.58 α Lyr 18 37 31.9 +38 48 03 0.03 α CMi 7 40 13.1 +05 10 43 0.40 σ Sgr 18 56 21.0 –26 16 25 2.05 β Gem 7 46 23.1 +27 58 57 1.16 β Cyg† 19 31 25.6 +27 59 50 3.05 ζ Pup 8 04 12.0 –40 03 12 2.21 α Aql 19 51 38.2 +08 54 56 0.76 γ Vel* 8 10 04.3 –47 23 20 1.75 γ Cyg 20 22 51.4 +40 18 48 2.23 ε Car* 8 22 52.3 –59 33 58 1.86 α Pav 20 27 01.3 –56 40 39 1.94 δ Vel 8 45 11.2 –54 46 25 1.93 α Cyg 20 42 01.7 +45 20 37 1.25 λ Vel* 9 08 38.4 –43 30 14 2.23 α Cep 21 18 59.8 +62 39 36 2.45 β Car 9 13 23.1 –69 47 22 1.67 ε Peg* 21 45 02.7 +09 57 21 2.38 ι Car* 9 17 33.5 –59 20 57 2.21 β Gru 22 09 19.7 –46 52 32 1.73 α Hya 9 28 26.8 –08 44 07 1.99 α Gru* 22 43 42.3 –46 47 33 2.07 α Leo 10 09 18.1 +11 52 52 1.36 α PsA 22 58 36.8 –29 31 45 1.17 γ Leo† 10 20 56.1 +19 45 09 2.01 β Peg* 23 04 37.5 +28 10 41 2.44 β UMa 11 02 53.2 +56 17 18 2.34 α Peg 23 05 38.0 +15 17 59 2.49

* = Variable star † = Double star

Note: double star co–ordinates refer to the brighter component, but magnitude refers to the combined light. 108 Bright Stars BAA Handbook 2017 ACTIVE GALAXIES

Object RA Dec. Const. Type V* U.2000 (2000.0) Chart No. h m ° 3C 66A 2 22 +43.0 And BL Lac 14.0 – 16.3 62 NGC 1275 3 20 +41.5 Per Seyfert 13.2 – 13.7 63 3C 120 (BW Tau) 4 33 +05.4 Tau BL Lac 13.7 – 14.6 178 S5 0716+71 7 22 +71.3 Cam BL Lac 12.3 – 15.3 21 OJ+287 8 54 +20.1 Cnc BL Lac 12.4 – 16.0 142 Markarian 421 11 04 +38.2 UMa BL Lac 12.3 – 14.2 106 NGC 4151 12 10 +39.4 CVn Seyfert 11.0 – 12.4 74 W Comae 12 21 +28.2 Com BL Lac 11.5 – 16.0 148 3C 273 12 26 +02.3 Vir Quasar 12.3 – 13.3 238 3C 279 12 56 –05.8 Vir Quasar 11.5 – 17.0 239 BL Lacertae 22 02 +42.3 Lac BL Lac 12.5 – 15.5 87

*Approximate range

FINDER CHARTS FOR ACTIVE GALAXIES

Charts for all of the active galaxies listed above have been included in previous BAA Handbooks and are listed below.

Object BAA VSS Chart Handbook Year 3C 66A 309.01 2010 NGC1275 296.01 2008 BW Tau 320.01 2011 S5 0716+71 310.01 2009 OJ+287 208.02 2004 Markarian 421 243.01 2001 NGC4151 297.01 2007 W Com 148.03 2002 3C 273 244.01 2003 3C 279 151.02 2006 BL Lac 242.01 2005

Direct links to individual BAA VSS charts for the Active Galaxies can be found in a more detailed table of these galaxies, on the Computing Section website at:

http://britastro.org/computing/handbooks_active.html

BAA Handbook 2017 Active Galaxies 109 TIME

Universal Time (UT, Greenwich Mean Time beginning at midnight) is used generally throughout the Handbook.

Terrestrial Time (TT) is the uniform time system used in computing the ephemerides of the bodies of the Solar System. TT is currently ahead of UT by a small amount ΔT which must be determined by observations; thus TT = UT + ΔT The value of ΔT for July 2017 is estimated to be about 69.3 seconds.

Greenwich Mean Astronomical Time (GMAT), or Greenwich Mean Time beginning at noon, was in use before 1925 January 1, and many astronomical records prior to that date are referred to this system. To convert UT to GMAT subtract 12 hours, and to convert GMAT to UT add 12 hours.

Greenwich Sidereal Time (GST) is given in the table below at 0h UT. It may be obtained with sufficient accuracy for setting the circles of a telescope at any other time by adding 3.94 minutes for every complete day after a tabulated date, together with the correction, ΔT, for parts of a day from the table which follows: Time ΔT Time ΔT Time ΔT Time ΔT h m h m h m h m 0 00.0 m 5 46.9 m 11 52.2 m 17 57.4 m 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 0 18.2 6 23.5 12 28.7 18 33.9 0.1 1.1 2.1 3.1 0 54.7 7 00.0 13 05.3 19 10.5 0.2 1.2 2.2 3.2 1 31.3 7 36.5 13 41.7 19 47.0 0.3 1.3 2.3 3.3 2 07.8 8 13.0 14 18.3 20 23.5 0.4 1.4 2.4 3.4 2 44.3 8 49.6 14 54.8 21 00.0 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 3 20.8 9 26.1 15 31.3 21 36.6 0.6 1.6 2.6 3.6 3 57.4 10 02.6 16 07.8 22 13.1 0.7 1.7 2.7 3.7 4 33.9 10 39.1 16 44.4 22 49.6 0.8 1.8 2.8 3.8 5 10.4 11 15.6 17 20.9 23 26.1 0.9 1.9 2.9 3.9

For greater accuracy (±0.2S) use the equation : GST (at 0h UT) = '6.656820h + 0.06570982h d where d is the number of days from January 0.

The tabulated sidereal time is actually the mean sidereal time. The difference between mean and apparent sidereal time is never more than about 1.2 seconds. Local Sidereal Time (LST) and Local Hour Angle (LHA) are found from LST = GST + λ LHA = LST – RA Where λ is the longitude, expressed in time, measured positive eastwards from Greenwich.

The Julian Date, in which the day begins at noon, is used in accurate computing work and is given in the table on p.111.

The Sun’s Longitude is used as a measure of time in meteor work. It may be interpolated from the table on p.111.

110 Time BAA Handbook 2017 TIME Julian Sun's Long. Julian Sun's Long. 2017 Date GST 2000.0 2017 Date GST 2000.0 2457 h m ° 2457/8 h m ° Dec 29 751.5 6 31.52 277.70 Jul. 2 936.5 18 40.90 100.33 5.10 4.76 Jan. 3 756.5 6 51.24 282.80 7 941.5 19 00.62 105.09 5.10 4.77 8 761.5 7 10.95 287.90 12 946.5 19 20.33 109.86 5.09 4.77 13 766.5 7 30.66 292.99 17 951.5 19 40.04 114.63 5.09 4.77 18 771.5 7 50.38 298.08 22 956.5 19 59.75 119.40 5.09 4.78 23 776.5 8 10.09 303.17 27 961.5 20 19.47 124.18 5.09 4.78 28 781.5 8 29.80 308.26 Aug. 1 935.5 18 39.18 128.96 5.08 4.78 Feb. 2 786.5 8 49.51 313.34 6 971.5 20 58.89 133.74 5.07 4.80 7 791.5 9 09.23 318.41 11 976.5 21 18.61 138.54 5.05 4.80 12 796.5 9 28.94 323.46 16 981.5 21 38.32 143.34 5.06 4.81 17 801.5 9 48.65 328.52 21 986.5 21 58.03 148.15 5.04 4.82 22 806.5 10 08.37 333.56 26 991.5 22 17.75 152.97 5.03 4.83 27 811.5 10 28.08 338.59 31 996.5 22 37.46 157.80 5.02 4.84 Mar. 4 816.5 10 47.79 343.61 Sep. 5 001.5 22 57.17 162.64 5.00 4.85 9 821.5 11 07.51 348.61 10 006.5 23 16.88 167.49 4.99 4.87 14 826.5 11 27.22 353.60 15 011.5 23 36.60 172.36 4.98 4.88 19 831.5 11 46.93 358.58 20 016.5 23 56.31 177.24 4.97 4.89 24 836.5 12 06.64 3.55 25 021.5 0 16.02 182.13 4.95 4.91 29 841.5 12 26.36 8.50 30 026.5 0 35.74 187.04 4.94 4.91 Apr. 3 846.5 12 46.07 13.44 Oct. 5 031.5 0 55.45 191.95 4.92 4.94 8 851.5 13 05.78 18.36 10 036.5 1 15.16 196.89 4.91 4.94 13 856.5 13 25.50 23.27 15 041.5 1 34.88 201.83 4.89 4.97 18 861.5 13 45.21 28.16 20 046.5 1 54.59 206.80 4.88 4.98 23 866.5 14 04.92 33.04 25 051.5 2 14.30 211.78 4.87 4.98 28 871.5 14 24.63 37.91 30 056.5 2 34.01 216.76 4.86 5.01 May 3 876.5 14 44.35 42.77 Nov. 4 061.5 2 53.73 221.77 4.84 5.01 8 881.5 15 04.06 47.61 9 066.5 3 13.44 226.78 4.83 5.03 13 886.5 15 23.77 52.44 14 071.5 3 33.15 231.81 4.82 5.04 18 891.5 15 43.49 57.26 19 076.5 3 52.87 236.85 4.81 5.05 23 896.5 16 03.20 62.07 24 081.5 4 12.58 241.90 4.81 5.06 28 901.5 16 22.91 66.88 29 086.5 4 32.29 246.96 4.79 5.07 Jun. 2 906.5 16 42.63 71.67 Dec. 4 091.5 4 52.00 252.03 4.79 5.07 7 911.5 17 02.34 76.46 9 096.5 5 11.72 257.10 4.78 5.08 12 916.5 17 22.05 81.24 14 101.5 5 31.43 262.18 4.77 5.09 17 921.5 17 41.76 86.01 19 106.5 5 51.14 267.27 4.78 5.09 22 926.5 18 01.48 90.79 24 111.5 6 10.86 272.36 4.77 5.10 27 931.5 18 21.19 95.56 29 116.5 6 30.57 277.46 4.77

The precession in longitude from 2000.0 to 2017.0 is +0.24° and from 2000.0 to 1950.0 is –0.70°.

BAA Handbook 2017 Time 111 ASTRONOMICAL AND PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Gaussian gravitational constant 0.01720209895 Astronomical unit (au) 149,597,870,700 metres Speed of light in vacuo 299,792.458 km s–1 Dynamical form–factor J2 for the Earth 0.001082636 Product of gravitational constant and mass of the Earth 398,600.5 km3 s–2 Earth–Moon mass ratio 81.3006 Moon’s sidereal mean motion 2.661699489x10–6 radians s–1 = 0.5490149294" s–1 Obliquity of the ecliptic (2000) 23° 26' 21.448" Constant of nutation in obliquity (2000) 9.2052331" Solar parallax 8.794143" Light–time for unit distance 499.004784 s = 0.005775518 d Constant of aberration 20.49551" Mean distance Earth to Moon 384,400 km Constant of sine Moon’s parallax 3422.451" Lunar inequality 6.43987" Parallactic inequality 124.986" Length of the year: Tropical (equinox to equinox) 365.24219d Sidereal (fixed star to fixed star) 365.25636d Anomalistic (apse to apse) 365.25964d Eclipse (Moon’s node to Moon’s node) 346.62003d Gaussian (Kepler’s law for a = 1) 365.25690d Length of the month: Tropical (equinox to equinox) 27.32158d Sidereal (fixed star to fixed star) 27.32166d Anomalistic (apse to apse) 27.55455d Draconic (node to node) 27.21222d Synodic (New Moon to New Moon) 29.53059d Length of the day: Mean solar day 24h 03m 56.555s = 1.00273791d mean sidereal time Mean sidereal day 23h 56m 04.091s = 0.99726957d mean solar time Sidereal rotation period of the Earth 23h 56m 04.099s = 0.99726966d mean solar time Solar radiation: Solar constant 1.366 x 103 J m–2 s–1 Radiation emitted 3.84 x 1026 J s–1 Radiation emittance at surface 6.32 x 107 J m–2 s–1 Total internal radiant energy 2.8 x 1040 J Radiation emitted per unit mass 1.932 x 10–4 J s–1 kg–1

Visual absolute magnitude (Mv) +4.82 Colour indices (B–V, U–B) +0.65, +0.19 Spectral type G2V Effective temperature 5,800 K

112 Astronomical and Physical Constants BAA Handbook 2017 ASTRONOMICAL AND PHYSICAL CONSTANTS The Galaxy: Pole of galactic plane (2000) 12h 51m 26.28s, δ +27° 07' 42.0" Point of zero longitude (2000) 17h 45m 37.22s, δ –28° 56' 10.2" Galactic Longitude of North Celestial Pole (2000) 122.93° Mass 1.1 x 1011 solar masses = 2.2 x 1041 kg Average density 0.1 solar mass pc–3 = 7 x 10–21 kg m–3 Diameter 25,000 pc Thickness 4,000 pc Distance of Sun from centre 8,200 pc Distance of Sun above galactic plane 24 ±6 pc Solar apex (2000) (from radio astronomy) RA 18h 03.8m , Dec. 30° 00' Solar motion (from bright stars) 19.7 km s–1 Period of revolution of Sun about centre 2.2 x 108 yr Conversion factors: Light–year (ly) 9.4607 x 1012 km = 63,240 au = 0.30660 pc Parsec (pc) 30.857 x 1012 km = 206,265 au = 3.2616 ly Figure of the Earth: Equatorial radius 6,378,136.6 m Polar radius 6,356,751.9 m Flattening 0.0033528197 * ρ sin φ' = S sin φ, ρ cos φ' = C cos φ where: S = 0.99497418 – 0.00167082 cos 2φ +10–8 (210 cos 4φ + 15.7 h) C = 1.00167997 – 0.00168208 cos 2φ +10–8 (212 cos 4φ + 15.7 h) ρ = 0.99832707 + 0.00167644 cos 2φ –10–8 (352 cos 4φ – 15.7 h) + 10–8 cos 6φ tan φ' = [0.9933054 + (0.11 x 10–8 h)] tan φ φ – φ' = 692.74" sin 2φ – 1.16" sin 4φ 1° of latitude = [111.1333 – 0.5598 cos 2 φ + 0.0012 cos 4φ] km 1° of longitude = [111.4133 cos φ – 0.0935 cos 3 φ + 0.0001 cos 5φ] km Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.780310 [1 + 0.00530239 sin2φ – 0.00000587 sin2 2φ – (31.55 x 10–8) h] m s–2 Length of seconds pendulum l = [0.9935769 – 0.0026272 cos 2φ + 0.0000029 cos 4φ – (3133 x 10–10) h] m

Constant of gravitation 6.67428 x 10–11 kg–1 m3 s–2 Centennial general precession p = 5028.796195" + 2.2108696" T† ______* φ = Geographic or geodetic latitude ρ = Geocentric distance in equatorial radii φ' = Geocentric latitude h = Height in metres † T = Time measured in Julian centuries from J2000.0

BAA Handbook 2017 Astronomical and Physical Constants 113 INTERNET RESOURCES The following internet resources may be of interest to Handbook users. Mention here does not imply that the BAA sanctions the contents of these web pages.Web addresses can change and sites may not always be available. BAA Section home pages can be accessed from the BAA home page (see back cover).

BAA Computing Section website http://britastro.org/computing

Iau Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (main page) http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/index.html

Astronomical data and catalogues Centre de Données Astronomiques de Strasbourg http://cdsportal.u-strasbg.fr/ National Space Science Data Center (USA) http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov Astronomical Data Archives Center (Japan) http://dbc.nao.ac.jp/index.html.en

The Sun, eclipses and space weather SOHO web site http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov Solar Terrestrial Dispatch http://www.spacew.com Aurorae http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/aurora Space Weather Prediction Center http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/forecasts Space Weather http://www.spaceweather.com NASA Eclipse Home Page http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html Eclipses and Transits http://xjubier.free.fr/en/index_en.html Eclipse maps http://www.eclipse-maps.com/Eclipse-Maps/Welcome.html Eclipse weather http://eclipsophile.com/

Lunar phases Lunar Terminator Visualisation Tool (LTVT) http://ltvt.wikispaces.com/LTVT+Download

Solar system bodies Jet Propulsion Laboratory HORIZONS System http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizons HORIZONS Web-Interface http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi JPL HORIZONS tutorial http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizons_tutorial (As of 2016 August 4, access to solar-system data and highly accurate ephemerides for 717172 asteroids, 3422 comets, 178 planetary satellites, 8 planets, the Sun, L1 and L2 points, spacecraft, and system barycentres.)

Comet and meteor information Latest IAU comet ephemerides http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/Ephemerides/Comets/ Weekly Information about Bright Comets http://www.aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html Comets http://www.cometography.com International Meteor Organisation http://www.imo.net

Minor planets (asteroids) IAU Minor Planet Center http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/mpc.html Lowell Observatory http://asteroid.lowell.edu Solar System Dynamics on-line Tools http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?tools Near Earth Object Confirmation page http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/NEO/ToConfirm.html

Timing occultations and other dynamical events IOTA Europe http://www.iota-es.de/ IOTA USA and rest of world http://www.occultations.org General information http://www.lunar-occultations.com/iota/iotandx.htm European asteroid occultation resource and results http://www.euraster.net

114 Internet Resources BAA Handbook 2017 body. Further details INTERNET RESOURCES Recent supernovae http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/RecentSupernovae.html

Variable star information AAVSO http://www.aavso.org BAA Variable Star Section http://www.britastro.org/vss/ General Catalogue of Variable Stars http://www.sai.msu.su/gcvs/cgi-bin/search.htm

Artificial satellite visibility Heavens Above http://www.heavens-above.com

Atmospheric phenomena http://www.atoptics.co.uk Noctilucent cloud observers http://ed-co.net/nlcnet/

Equipment reviews Excelsis http://www.excelsis.com/1.0/catalog.php?categoryid=6

Astronomical and space news Astronomy Now http://www.astronomynow.com Sky and Telescope http://www.skyandtelescope.com ESO http://www.eso.org/public/outreach Space.com http://www.space.com NASA http://science.nasa.gov ESA http://www.esa.int/ESA Science Daily http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/space_time/astronomy/

Dark Skies BAA Commission for Dark Skies http://www.britastro.org/dark-skies International Dark-Sky Association http://www.darksky.org

Astronomy Picture of the Day http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html

Time http://stjarnhimlen.se/comp/time.html

The Astronomer (main page) http://www.theastronomer.org

GREEK ALPHABET

α alpha β beta γ gamma δ delta ε epsilon ζ zeta η eta θ theta ι iota κ kappa λ lamda μ mu ν nu ξ xi ο omicron π pi ρ rho σ sigma τ tau υ upsilon φ phi χ chi ψ psi ω omega

BAA Handbook 2017 Internet Resources and Greek Alphabet 115 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Handbook would not be possible without the work of its many data contributors :

Andrew Sinclair contributed the diagrams showing the visibility of planets and their appearances and also data and diagrams for Saturn's satellites. Barry Leggett supplied data for Jovian satellite eclipses and transits. Des Loughney provided heliocentric times of primary minima of variable stars. Fred Espenak (previously of the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center), Xavier Jubier and Jay Anderson for eclipse data, diagrams and maps. John Isles contributed the data on Mira stars. John Mason provided the meteor data. John Toone provided data on active galaxies and with Gary Poyner, provided data for variable stars and for the variable star of the year. Jonathan Shanklin and Nick James provided data on comets. Ken Hall provided lunar libration data. Richard Miles provided data for asteroids, near–earth objects, trans–neptunian and dwarf planets, and diagrams for Pluto. Asteroid Favourable Observing Opportunities data were prepared by him, using data from the MPCORB database by Brian D. Warner; Alan W. Harris (MoreData! Inc.); and Petr Pravec (Astronomical Institute, Ondrejov, Czech Republic). Richard Kaye provided the System III Jupiter data, using a program written by himself. Robert Mackenzie provided the start dates for Carrington rotations. Susan Stewart of the United States Naval Observatory provided the bright stars positional data. Tim Haymes provided lunar occultation data and, with Edwin Goffin and Eberhard Riedel (International Occultation Timing Association), the tables and maps for asteroid occultations and grazing lunar occultations. Tony Evans provided data for Mercury, Venus and Mars. William Thuillot (Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides) supplied the diagrams of Jupiter’s satellites.

Contributors have checked their own and others’ contributions and their comments have greatly improved the Handbook. The Editor gratefully acknowledges contributors’ support in answering any queries, and the many proof readers for their assistance. Any data not mentioned above have been provided by the Computing Section. STEVE HARVEY Director

ERRATA Handbook 2016 p.30 - star ZC635 is gamma Tau, not 53 Tau p.36 - star should be named X7078, not 7078 (d) p.44 & p.48 - asteroid No. 10 is Hygiea, not Hygeia p.116 - Gary Poyner should have been acknowledged for 'Variable Star of the Year'

116 Acknowledgements & Errata BAA Handbook 2017 The British Astronomical Association The British Astronomical Association was founded in 1890 and now has about 3,000 members. Its leading features are:

Membership – Open to all persons interested in astronomy.

Objectives – (1) The organisation of observers, including those using small telescopes or binoculars, for mutual help. (2) The analysis and publication of observations. (3) The circulation of current astronomical information. (4) The encouragement of a popular interest in astronomy.

Methods – (1) The organisation of members in sections under experienced directors. (2) The publication of a Journal, Newsletters, a Handbook, Circulars and Bulletins. (3) The holding of meetings. (4) The maintenance of a collection of astronomical instruments for loan to members. (5) The affiliation of schools and societies.

Annual Subscriptions These are due August 1 each year. Current rates are available from the Office.

MEETINGS Meetings are held at approximately monthly intervals, excluding July and August. Many are in London on either Wednesdays (starting at 17.30) or Saturdays (starting at 14.30). Meetings are also held at venues around the country. A very popular weekend meeting is held near Winchester in the spring and an Exhibition is normally held evey two years in June. Back–to–Basics meetings for beginners are held outside London each year, usually in March and October. Observers’ workshops are also held twice per year. Many observing sections hold meetings every few years, some annually. Full details of the current programme are available from the office and the website.

PUBLICATIONS The principal publications are the Journal and the Handbook. In addition, e–mailed bulletins, paper circulars and section newsletters are available to members. The Journal is published six times a year. It contains reports of meetings, reports of the sections, papers, reviews, letters, images and notes on current astronomical news. The complete set of Journals from 1890 is available on DVD. Occasional longer Memoirs containing detailed section reports. This Handbook, prepared by the Computing Section, is published annually. The e–bulletins/Circulars give early information on new and predicted events such as planetary phenomena and the discovery of novae and comets. The complete set of Circulars is available on CD.

REGISTERED OFFICE The Registered Office of the Association is at Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W1J 0DU. Email: [email protected] Telephone 020 7734 4145. Hours are 09.00 to 17.00, Monday to Friday. The BAA on the Internet BAA Home Page http://britastro.org

This website contains information about the BAA and how to become a member; it gives details about the meetings, publications and merchandise for sale. There is a “members only” area, plus links to pages maintained by the Observing Sections. You can find news items, data on new comets, asteroid occultations and other topical events, plus photo galleries and links to many other sources of astronomical information. BAA Computing Section http://britastro.org/computing

This website complements the Handbook by providing extra material for which there is not room in the Handbook. This includes charts for many minor planets, calculational forms, graphical applications such as what is observable at any time and positions of satellites of major planets. Constant data that do not need to be printed every year in the Handbook together with links to other websites. Plus lunar limb profiles and star charts for the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse.

BAA Journal http://britastro.org/journal

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