63554 Federal Register / Vol. 66, No. 236 / Friday, December 7, 2001 / Notices
Deep Gravel Mine (Upper Illinois Valley, MASSACHUSETTS shaped design of red pigment and a fan- Oregon Mining Resources MPS) Approx. 1 Barnstable County shaped section of radiating green mi. N. of Jct of Waldo Rd. and BLM Rd. stripes. The convex side of the shield 40–8–28, Cave Junction, 01001141 Old Village Historic District, Roughly exhibits some red pigment stain and Esterly Pit No. 2—Llano De Oro Mine (Upper bounded by Main, Holway, Bridge Sts., Illinois Valley, Oregon Mining Resources Bearse’s Ln., Chatham Harbor, Mill Pond, some incised triangular patterns. Three MPS) Approx. 1.5 mi. N. of Jct. of Waldo and Little Mill Pond, Chatham, 01001406. buckskin ties hang from the face as Rd. and BLM Rd. 40–8–28,Cave Junction, fringe and, on the back of the shield, [FR Doc. 01–30335 Filed 12–6–01; 8:45 am] 01001145 serve to fasten an arm strap. A looping Fry Gulch Mine (Upper Illinois Valley, BILLING CODE 4310–70–P piece of buckskin is tied to 2 holes Oregon Mining Resources MPS) Approx. about 20 centimeters apart on the .75 mi. from Jct. of Waldo Rd. and BLM Rd. perimeter of the shield. A series of 12 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 40–8–28, Cave Junction, 01001143 holes in a straight line angles outward High Gravel Mine (Upper Illinois Valley, Oregon Mining Resources MPS) Approx. National Park Service from the center of the shield to the 1.3 mi. S. of Jct. of Waldo Rd. and Waldo perimeter. A tear in the rawhide, about Lookout Rd., Cave Junction, 01001142 Notice of Intent To Repatriate Native 1.9 centimeter long, has been repaired Logan Cut (Upper Illinois Valley, Oregon American Cultural Items in the with a hide lace. Mining Resources MPS) Historic Channel Possession of the U.S. Department of CARE-12 is a roughly circular piece of of Logan Cut, Cave Junction, 01001154 the Interior, National Park Service, buffalo hide measuring approximately Logan Drain Ditches (Upper Illinois Valley, Capitol Reef National Park, Torrey, UT 88 centimeters by 70 centimeters. The Oregon Mining Resources MPS) Approx. 2 original shape and dimensions of the mi. N. of Jct. of Waldo Rd. and BLM Rd. AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. 40–8–28, Cave Junction, 01001155 shield have been altered by damage Logan Wash Ditch (Upper Illinois Valley, ACTION: Notice. along its perimeter probably caused by Oregon Mining Resources MPS) Historic rodent gnawing and/or exposure to Channel of Logan Wash Ditch, Cave Notice is hereby given in accordance weathering processes while in the Junction, 01001153 with provisions of the Native American cache. It is believed to have been Middle Ditch (Upper Illinois Valley, Oregon Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, circular when originally constructed. Mining Resources MPS) Historic Channel 43 CFR 10.10 (a)(3), of the intent to The face of the shield is convex and is of Logan-Esterly Middle Ditch, Cave repatriate three cultural items in the decorated with parallel rows of Junction, 01001150 possession of the U.S. Department of the Old Placer Mine (Upper Illinois Valley, unpainted, stenciled dots on a painted Interior, National Park Service, Capitol field. Approximately two-thirds of the Oregon Mining Resources MPS) Approx. Reef National Park, Torrey, UT. .65 mi. W. of Jct. of Rockydale Rd. and painted field is black and one-third is BLM Rd. 40–8–15, Cave Junction, This notice is published as part of the covered with a rust-colored pigment. 01001140 National Park Service’s administrative Five buckskin ties hang from the face as Osgood Ditch (Upper Illinois Valley, Oregon responsibilities under NAGPRA, 43 CFR a fringe and, on the back of the shield, Mining Resources MPS) Historic Channel 10.2 (c). The determinations within this some serve to fasten an arm sling. The of Osgood Ditch, Cave Junction, 01001151 notice are the sole responsibilities of the arm sling has a padded piece of hide. Plataurica Mine (Upper Illinois Valley, National Park Service unit that has The shield exhibits a cut mark along one Oregon Mining Resources MPS) Approx. control or possession of these Native .75 mi. SE. of Jct. of Waldo Rd. and Waldo edge, probably caused when a Lookout Rd., Cave Junction, 01001146 American cultural items. The Assistant radiocarbon dating sample was removed St. Patrick’s Roman Catholic Cemetery Director, Cultural Resources by researchers in the 1960s. (Upper Illinois Valley, Oregon Mining Stewardship and Partnerships is not CARE-191 is a roughly circular piece Resources MPS) Approx. 1 mi. SE. of Jct. responsible for the determinations of buffalo hide measuring of Waldo Rd. and Waldo Lookout Rd., Cave within this notice. approximately 95 centimeters by 74 Junction, 01001137 In 1926, Ephraim P. Pectol discovered centimeters. The original shape and Upper Ditch (Upper Illinois Valley, Oregon three buffalo-hide shields cached in a dimensions of the shield have been Mining Resources MPS) Historic Channel rock crevice on public lands southeast of Logan-Esterly Upper Ditch, Cave altered by damage along its perimeter Junction, 01001149 of Torrey, UT. Though he had not probably caused by rodent gnawing Waldo Cemetery (Upper Illinois Valley, obtained the permit required to remove and/or exposure to weathering Oregon Mining Resources MPS) Approx. .5 an object of antiquity from Federal processes while in the cache. It is mi. SW. of Jct. of Waldo Rd. and BLM Rd. lands, Mr. Pectol removed the shields believed to have been circular when 40–8–28, Cave Junction, 01001138 from the rock crevice and took them to originally constructed. The face of the Waldo Chinese Cemetery (Upper Illinois his home and place of business. In 1932, shield is convex and is decorated in four Valley, Oregon Mining Resources MPS) a Federal agent seized the shields and painted quadrants. One quadrant is Approx. .5 mi. SW. of Jct. of Waldo Rd. and returned them to Federal control, BLM Rd. 40–8–28, Cave Junction, painted with a rust-colored pigment. 01001139 though they remained in the possession One quadrant is painted red. One Waldo Mine (Upper Illinois Valley, Oregon of Mr. Pectol. Capitol Reef National quadrant is painted black. One quadrant Mining Resources MPS) SW. of Jct. of Monument acquired the shields in 1953. is painted with green bands. Three Waldo Rd. and BLM Rd. 40–8–28, Cave The three shields have been designated buckskin ties hang from the face as Junction, 01001147 as CARE-11, CARE-12, and CARE-191. fringe and hold a buckskin arm strap on Wimer Ditch (Upper Illinois Valley, Oregon CARE-11 is a roughly circular piece of the back. Mining Resources MPS) Historic Channel buffalo hide with a diameter of An assessment of the three shields of Wimer Ditch, Cave Junction, 01001152 approximately 79 centimeters. The was made by National Park Service WYOMING original shape and dimensions of the professional staff, specially contracted Teton County shield have been altered by minor independent scholars, and damage along its perimeter probably representatives of the Navajo Nation, Flat Creek Ranch, Approx. 12 mi. E and N, Jackson, 01001428 caused by rodent gnawing and/or Arizona, New Mexico and Utah; Hopi To assist in preservation of the following exposure to weathering processes while Tribe of Arizona; Jicarilla Apache Tribe resource the comment period has been in the cache. The face of the shield is of the Jicarilla Apache Indian shortened to seven (7) days: concave and is decorated with a wing- Reservation, New Mexico; and Kaibab
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Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Archeologist C. Melvin Aikens (1966), claimant tribe. Rather, they Indian Reservation, Arizona. in an article postulating a Plains origin independently and objectively traced Representatives of the Confederated for Fremont Culture, described Plains- the various lines of evidence relating to Tribes of the Goshute Reservation, style cultural attributes of the Capitol possible cultural affiliation(s) of the Nevada and Utah; Las Vegas Tribe of Reef shields. His later abandonment of shields. Paiute Indians of the Las Vegas Indian the Plains/Fremont construct does not Regarding CARE-11, Dr. Loendorf Colony, Nevada; Paiute Tribe of Utah invalidate his observations regarding the attributes the shield to Athabaskan (Cedar City, Indian Peak, Kanosh, Plains-like attributes of the shields. speakers based on similarities between Koosharem, Shivwits Bands); Pueblo of In 1967, Campbell Grant obtained a its design elements and the so-called Acoma, New Mexico; Pueblo of Cochiti, standard radiocarbon age from a sample Castle Garden rock art style found in New Mexico; Pueblo of Isleta, New of CARE-12. Reported as UCLA sample Wyoming and Montana and also Mexico; Pueblo of Jemez, New Mexico; 1221, the age had a tree-ring calibrated believed to have been made by Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico; Pueblo radiocarbon age of (1) modern, or (2) Athabaskans. He also documents similar of Nambe, New Mexico; Pueblo of A.D. 1650, or (3) A.D. 1750 (Berger and design elements on historic Apache Picuris, New Mexico; Pueblo of Libby 1968). Based on the radiocarbon shields. Based on the radiocarbon dates Pojoaque, New Mexico; Pueblo of San dates, archeologist and rock art scholar for this shield and CARE-12, and taking Ildefonso, New Mexico; Pueblo of San Polly Schaafsma (1971) concluded that into account various related factors, Dr. Juan, New Mexico; Pueblo of Sandia, the shields were made in recent times Loendorf suggests that the three Capitol New Mexico; Pueblo of Santa Ana, New and therefore were not associated with Reef shields were likely constructed at Mexico; Pueblo of Santa Clara, New Fremont Culture. different times between A.D. 1420 and Mexico; Pueblo of Santo Domingo, New In a 1976 study of Puebloan shields, A.D. 1640, and likely were made toward Mexico; Pueblo of Taos, New Mexico; researcher Barton Wright attributed the the recent end of that range. Mr. Lanford Pueblo of Tesuque, New Mexico; Pueblo shields to Pueblo warriors. He noted the traces the vertical orientation and grid- of Zia, New Mexico; San Juan Southern smaller size of historic Navajo shields like patterning on CARE-11 to similar Paiute Tribe of Arizona; Southern Ute when compared to Pueblo shields as an elements that are common in the Great Indian Tribe of the Southern Ute important consideration. Researcher Basin, Plains, and Montane regions, but Reservation, Colorado; Ute Indian Tribe Stuart Baldwin (1997) suggested that the rare in the Southwest region. He finds of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, shields are Ute, based on the 1967 very little similarity between the design Utah; Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute radiocarbon dates. elements of this shield and motifs Loendorf and Conner (1993) reported Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New common to Southwestern rock art, three accelerator mass spectrometry Mexico and Utah; and Zuni Reservation, historic Puebloan shields, or other radiocarbon ages for a small piece of New Mexico also were contacted but Puebloan painted iconographic objects. strap from CARE-11. Based on recently did not participate in consultation Mr. Wright observes design similarities developed tree ring calibrations and regarding the three shields. between CARE-11 and shields produced weighted averages, the likely date of at Jemez, particularly in the use of rays Over the years, several researchers construction for the shields is between or fans of feathers as decorative motifs. have considered the cultural origin and A.D. 1420 and A.D. 1640 (Loendorf Regarding CARE-12, Dr. Loendorf age of the Capitol Reef shields. 2001). attributes the shield to Athabaskan Archeologist Noel Morss (1931) Capitol Reef National Park contracted speakers based on similarities between observed similarities among the three with three experts to help determine the the dot design elements and the Castle shields, known Apache shields, and cultural affiliation of the three shields. Garden rock art style, shield warrior historic-era pictographs of shields in Lawrence Loendorf is a research petroglyphs in the Dinetah region of association with horses. He attributed professor at the Department of New Mexico, and other Athabaskan the Capitol Reef shields to recent (post- Anthropology, New Mexico State petroglyph and pictograph shields. Mr. introduction of the horse) Apaches or University. Benson Lanford is a Lanford observes that the pattern of Navajos. While subsequent radiocarbon researcher, appraiser, and lecturer on vertically aligned dots in CARE-12 is in dating indicates that the Capitol Reef American Indian arts and material keeping with the radical asymmetry and shields pre-date the introduction of the culture. Barton A. Wright is a retired freedom of expression typical of Apache horse to south-central Utah, the dates do research anthropologist and archeologist painted motifs. He draws parallels not invalidate Morss’s favorable specializing in the study of between the design on this shield and comparisons to Navajo/Apache Southwestern cultures, and author of rock art shields found in the La Sal pictograph shields. the book ‘‘Pueblo Shields From the Fred Mountains of Utah and in Weatherman Archeologist Carling Malouf (1944) Harvey Collection’’ (1976). These Draw in Montana. He also observes that suggested that the shields were modern scholars examined a wide body of the vertical orientation and grid-like in origin, although he did not offer an archeological and ethnographic patterning on CARE-12 is similar to opinion regarding who made them. evidence, including comparative artistic elements common in the Great Basin, Archeologist Marie Wormington (1955) motifs; construction techniques; tribal Plains, and Montane regions, but rare in found the Capitol Reef shields to oral traditions; and known origins, the Southwest region. He finds very resemble shield and shield-bearer historic distributions, and inter-tribal little similarity between the design pictographs attributed to the Fremont affiliations of ethnographic groups of elements of this shield and motifs Culture. Shield pictographs attributed to the Plains and Southwest. Each common to Southwestern rock art, the Fremont Culture exist near the area observed that assigning these shields, historic Puebloan shields, or other in which the Capitol Reef shields were the oldest dated shields known in North Puebloan painted iconographic objects. discovered. However, subsequent America, to a specific historic or Mr. Wright noted the use of bands with radiocarbon dating shows the shields to modern tribe by anthropological and dots on them in Jemez shields. significantly post-date the commonly scientific methods is problematic. These Regarding CARE-191, Dr. Loendorf accepted, archeologically derived researchers did not nor were they asked indicated the difficulty of assigning a Fremont Culture termination date of to offer advice or opinions regarding the cultural affiliation to this shield, but he A.D. 1300. potential repatriation of the shields to a tentatively suggests that it may be
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Puebloan in origin, and possibly from discovered outside of any identifiable the United States. The superintendent of the Pueblo of Jemez. His conclusion is cultural context, is particularly difficult. Capitol Reef National Park also based on the shield’s design, which is Consultation with representatives of determined that, pursuant to 43 CFR replicated on a Pueblo rock art shield the Navajo Nation indicates that the 10.2 (d)(3), the three shields are specific that dates to about the same period three shields were made by Many Goat ceremonial objects needed by traditional when the CARE shields were made. He White Hair and four other men and used Native American religious leaders for also noted that Jemez had allied with in a battle with the Spanish. After the the practice of traditional Native the Navajo in fights with the Spanish as battle, Many Goat White Hair hid the American religions by their present-day early as A.D. 1640. Mr. Lanford notes three shields in the rock crevice and adherents. Lastly, the superintendent of similarities between the black-dash prayed that they would be found in the Capitol Reef National Park determined lines and related artistic design future, as they have been. Many Goat that, pursuant to 43 CFR 10.2 (c), there elements and Apache parfleche painting White Hair’s clan affiliation was not is a relationship of shared group and beadwork designs. identified. However, nearly half of the identity that can be reasonably traced Regarding the three shields Navajo clans trace their ancestry to between the three shields and the collectively, Mr. Lanford identifies the other Native American groups, Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico, clear glaze on each as a type of sizing including the Ma’iideeshgiizhinii, or and Utah. or varnish, applied to seal and protect Coyote Pass People, who are descendant This notice has been sent to officials the painted surface, which is typical of of people from Jemez Pueblo. of the Apache Tribe of Oklahoma; According to Kluckhohn, Hill, and painted rawhide objects originating Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Kluckhohn (1971), Navajo shields were outside of the Southwest culture area. Reservation, Nevada and Utah; Fort made by warriors under strict ritual Mr. Wright notes that most documented McDowell Mohave-Apache Indian conditions. Only men who knew one of Navajo shields were creased across the the war chants could make shields. The Community of the Fort McDowell middle so that they could be folded for war leader held a special Blessing Way Indian Reservation, Arizona; Fort Sill storage. The Capitol Reef shields are not over the shields while they were being Apache Tribe of Oklahoma; Hopi Tribe creased across the middle. Mr. Wright painted. The designs on a shield of Arizona; Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the also notes that the three shields are not represent the chantway in which the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation, similar to documented 19th century man went to war. New Mexico; Kaibab Band of Paiute Hopi shields. According to representatives of the Indians of the Kaibab Indian To date, no archeological sites Navajo Nation, the Naaye´e´ (Protection Reservation, Arizona; Las Vegas Tribe of directly attributable to Navajo Way) ceremony deals with the armor Paiute Indians of the Las Vegas Indian occupation have been identified within and shields of Navajo deities and Navajo Colony, Nevada; Mescalero Apache Capitol Reef National Park. However, people. People who have possession of Tribe of the Mescalero Reservation, New Navajo oral tradition places Navajo such shields must be knowledgeable in Mexico; Navajo Nation, Arizona, New ancestors in the park area prior to Euro- the proper songs, prayers, and oral Mexico and Utah; Paiute Tribe of Utah American settlement. Archeologists history of the Naaye´e´ ceremony. Jon (Cedar City, Indian Peak, Kanosh, continue to debate the evidence for Holiday, a recognized Naaye´e´ chanter, Koosharem, Shivwits Bands); Pueblo of Southern Athabaskan and Navajo/ has identified the designs and colors on Acoma, New Mexico; Pueblo of Cochiti, Apache cultural origins, linguistics, the three shields as representing earth, New Mexico; Pueblo of Isleta, New chronology, and territorial expansion. sky, sun rays, day and night, stars, and Mexico; Pueblo of Jemez, New Mexico; They generally concur, however, that the male and female mountains, as Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico; Pueblo modern Navajo and Apache tribes are described in Navajo oral history. Mr. of Nambe, New Mexico; Pueblo of related, all having descended from an Holiday has indicated that he intends to Picuris, New Mexico; Pueblo of ancestral Southern Athabaskan culture. use the three shields in the Naaye´e´ Pojoaque, New Mexico; Pueblo of San Cultural anthropologists document that ceremony. The Naaye´e´ ceremony Ildefonso, New Mexico; Pueblo of San Apacheans (including Navajos) share provides individuals with a protective Juan, New Mexico; Pueblo of Sandia, mythological accounts of origins, barrier behind which they may regain New Mexico; Pueblo of Santa Ana, New culture heroes, and events; principles of strength, harmony, and balance after a Mexico; Pueblo of Santa Clara, New kinship and social organization; physical or mental illness. Mexico; Pueblo of Santo Domingo, New marriage customs and division of labor; On June 11, 2001, a representative of Mexico; Pueblo of Taos, New Mexico; religion; and other aspects of cultural the Navajo Nation requested repatriation Pueblo of Tesuque, New Mexico; Pueblo tradition. Linguists have identified of the three shields. The Navajo Nation of Zia, New Mexico; San Carlos Apache seven separate Southern Athabaskan or claim identified the three shields as Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation, Apachean-speaking groups, which sacred objects, indicating that they are Arizona; San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe include the Navajo. Navajo and many needed by Navajo traditional religious of Arizona; Southern Ute Indian Tribe of Apache languages are mutually leaders for the practice of the Naaye´e´ the Southern Ute Reservation, Colorado; intelligible. Glottochronological data (Protection Way) ceremony by present- Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona; Ute suggest that the Apachean languages day adherents. The Navajo claim also Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray began diverging, as a result of identified the three shields as objects of Reservation, Utah; Ute Mountain Tribe geographic separation, as recently as cultural patrimony, but did not provide of the Ute Mountain Reservation, A.D. 1300. Material culture traits documentation as to whether they were Colorado, New Mexico and Utah; White probably began diverging at considered inalienable by the Navajo in Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort approximately the same time. However, the 1600s. Apache Reservation, Arizona; Yavapai- whether or not Navajo artifacts can be Based on the above-mentioned Apache Nation of the Camp Verde reliably differentiated from Apache information, the superintendent of Indian Reservation, Arizona; and Zuni artifacts between A.D. 1420 and A.D. Capitol Reef National Park determined Reservation, New Mexico. 1650 is a matter of professional opinion. that, pursuant to 43 CFR 10.2 (d), the Representatives of any other Indian tribe Making such a determination for the three shields are related to a tribe, that believes itself to be culturally Capitol Reef shields, which were people, or culture that is indigenous to affiliated with these cultural items
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should contact Albert J. Hendricks, point, one bone-toggling harpoon point, Corporation, and Native Village of Eyak. Superintendent, Capitol Reef National one stone end blade, one whetstone, and Representatives of any other Indian tribe Park, HC 70 Box 15, Torrey, UT 84775, two sea mammal bones. Based on that believes itself to be culturally telephone (435) 425-3791, extension archeological evidence, the Esther Bay affiliated with these unassociated 101, before January 7, 2002. Repatriation site is identified as a prehistoric funerary objects should contact Linda of the cultural items to the Navajo Chugach Eskimo burial cave. Chugach Finn Yarborough, Forest Archaeologist, Nation may begin after that date if no National Forest is not in possession or Chugach National Forest, 3301 C Street, additional claimants come forward. control of the human remains from Suite 300, Anchorage, AK 99503, Dated: October 19, 2001. these burial sites. telephone (907) 271-2511, facsimile In 1933, Frederica de Laguna John Robbins, (907) 271-2725, before January 7, 2002. investigated the Campbell Bay site, Repatriation of these unassociated Assistant Director, Cultural Resources located on the northwestern shore of Stewardship and Partnerships. funerary objects to the Chugach Alaska Glacier Island, Prince William Sound, Corporation may begin after that date if [FR Doc. 01–30339 Filed 12–6–01; 8:45 am] AK, and collected two sets of human no additional claimants come forward. BILLING CODE 4310–70–S remains from burials there. The human Dated: November 5, 2001. remains were curated at the National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, and John Robbins, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR were previously repatriated to the Assistant Director, Cultural Resources Stewardship and Partnerships. National Park Service Chugach Alaska Corporation. In 1981, U.S. Department of the [FR Doc. 01–30349 Filed 12–6–01; 8:45 am] Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs and BILLING CODE 4310–70–S Items in the Possession of the U.S. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Cooperative Park Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Service, Chugach National Forest, Studies Unit archaeologists conducted a Anchorage, AK survey of the same site, a 14(h)(1) selection, and located the area from National Park Service AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. which de Laguna had removed the Notice of Inventory Completion for ACTION: Notice. human remains. No human remains Native American Human Remains and were located during the 1981 survey, Notice is hereby given in accordance Associated Funerary Objects in the but 10 cultural items were recovered Possession of the Michael C. Carlos with provisions of the Native American from the burial site: 7 blue and 2 white Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, Museum, Emory University, Atlanta, glass beads, along with 1 small piece of GA 43 CFR 10.10 (a)(3), of the intent to red ochre. Based on archeological repatriate cultural items in the evidence, the Campbell Bay site is AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. possession of the U.S. Department of identified as a postcontact, late 18th- ACTION: Notice. Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, century Chugach Eskimo burial cave. Chugach National Forest, Anchorage, Chugach National Forest is not in Notice is hereby given in accordance AK, that meet the definition of possession or control of human remains with provisions of the Native American ‘‘unassociated funerary objects’’ under from these burial sites. Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Section 2 of the Act. Based on the above-mentioned (NAGPRA), 43 CFR 10.9, of the This notice is published as part of the information, officials of Chugach completion of an inventory of human National Park Service’s administrative National Forest have determined that, remains and associated funerary objects responsibilities under NAGPRA, 43, pursuant to 43 CFR 10.2 (d)(2)(ii), these in the possession of the Michael C. CFR 10.2 (c). The determinations within 16 cultural items are reasonably Carlos Museum, Emory University, this notice are the sole responsibility of believed to have been placed with or Atlanta, GA. the museum, institution, or Federal near individual human remains at the This notice is published as part of the agency that has control of the cultural time of death or later as part of the death National Park Service’s administrative items. The National Park Service is not rite or ceremony and are believed, by a responsibilities under NAGPRA, 43 CFR responsible for the determinations preponderance of the evidence, to have 10.2 (c). The determinations within this within this notice. been removed from specific burial sites notice are the sole responsibility of the The 16 objects are 1 bone harpoon of Native American individuals. museum, institution, or Federal agency point, 1 bone-toggling harpoon point, 1 Officials of Chugach National Forest that has control of these Native stone end blade, 1 whetstone, 2 sea also have determined that, pursuant to American human remains and mammal bones, 9 glass beads, and 1 43 CFR 10.2 (e), there is a relationship associated funerary objects. The small piece of red ochre. of shared group identity that can National Park Service is not responsible In 1981, U.S. Department of the reasonably be traced between these for the determinations within this Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs and unassociated funerary objects and the notice. U.S. Department of the Interior, Native Village of Chenega and Native A detailed assessment of the human National Park Service, Cooperative Park Village of Tatitlek, which are remains was made by Michael C. Carlos Studies Unit archeologists conducted a represented by Chugach Alaska Museum professional staff in survey of the Esther Bay site, a 14(h)(1) Corporation. consultation with representatives of the selection on the southern side of Esther This notice has been sent to officials Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town, Island, Prince William Sound, AK. of the Chugach Alaska Corporation, Oklahoma; Cherokee Nation, Oklahoma; Cultural items, along with human Chenega Corporation, Native Village of Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians of remains, were collected from two burial Chenega, Tatitlek Corporation, Native North Carolina; Kialegee Tribal Town, sites. The human remains from these Village of Tatitlek, English Bay Oklahoma; Muscogee (Creek) Nation, sites were were reinterred at the original Corporation, Native Villages of Oklahoma; Poarch Band of Creek burial location in the spring of 1990. Nanwalek, Port Graham Corporation, Indians of Alabama; Thlopthlocco The cultural items are one bone harpoon Native Village of Port Graham, Eyak Tribal Town, Oklahoma; and United
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