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Freedom of Association in the Euro-Mediterranean region th 1997-2007 Anniversary 2007 Copenhagen - December 2007 EURO-MEDITERRANEAN HUMAN RIGHTS NETWORK Vestergade 16 - 1456 Copenhagen K - Denmark Tel : + 45 32 64 17 00 - Fax : + 45 32 64 17 01 E-mail : [email protected] Website : www.euromedrights.net © Copyright 2007 Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network Bibliographic information Title : Freedom of association in the Euro-Mediterranean region - Personal authors : Khémaïs Chammari, Marie Ghantous, Thibaut Guillet, Ghassan Moukheiber - Corporate authors : Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (EMHRN) - Publisher : Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (EMHRN) - Date of publication : December 2007 - pages: 112 - ISBN : 87-91224-17-9 - Original language : french - Translation into Arabic : Aiman Haddad - Translation into French : Pia Drzewinski - Translation into English : Marc Forand, Michel Forand - Proofreading, editing and lay-out : Thibaut Guillet, with the collaboration of Aurélie Grenet, Nour Hemici, Fabrice Liebaut, Karl Karim Zakhoura and Marc Schade-Poulsen - Graphic creation : Studio Créamine, St Pryvé St Mesmin, France - Printing : Total Design, Bruxelles, Belgique - Index terms : Freedom of association / Human Rights - Geographical terms : Mediterranean Countries / North Africa / Middle East The Report is published with the generous fi nancial support of the European Union Commission, DANIDA (Danish International Development Agency) and the Danish Institute for Human Rights.The opinions expressed by the authors do not represent the offi cial point of views of fi nancial donors. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 5 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................................ 11 COUNTRIES REPORTS Freedom of association and Recommendations In Algeria .................................................................................................................................................... 21 In Egypt ........................................................................................................................................................ 28 In Israel ......................................................................................................................................................... 35 In Jordan ..................................................................................................................................................... 43 In Lebanon ................................................................................................................................................. 50 In Libya ......................................................................................................................................................... 57 In Morocco ................................................................................................................................................. 62 In Syria ......................................................................................................................................................... 68 In the Palestinian territories ............................................................................................................... 76 In Tunisia ..................................................................................................................................................... 83 In Turkey ...................................................................................................................................................... 90 In the European Union member states ......................................................................................... 97 Appendix ..........................................................................................................................................................................109 General introduction by Khémaïs CHAMMARI 1 ‘Man can do good or evil only by associating with others. No armour is more secure against oppression, no tool is more splendid for great achievements’ Pierre WALDECK-ROUSSEAU, promoter of the 1901 French legislation on associations Preamble This initial report of the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (EMHRN) on freedom of association is the culmination of a process launched in September 2006. At its last general assembly, the Network decided to establish thematic working groups linking its various components. The working group on freedom of association was created as part of that process, with the overall goal of contributing to the promotion of ‘human rights values and international standards related to freedom of association in the Euro-Med region, in particular in the South Mediterranean area’. From its inception in 1997, the EMHRN has taken a great interest in the issue of freedom of association. It noted with satisfaction the Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (known as the ‘Declaration on Human Rights Defenders’), adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 9 December 1998. Based on the Barcelona Declaration, which was adopted on 28 November 1995 and launched the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership process guaranteeing ‘the effective legitimate exercise of such rights and freedoms, including freedom of expression, freedom of association for peaceful purposes’, the Network then organised, in cooperation with the Association pour la défense des droits et des libertés au Liban and the Friedrich Naumann Foundation through the Bunian programme on good governance, a workshop on the ‘Legal Framework of Associations in the Arab World’, held in Amman on 9-10 May 1999. Following the adoption on 10 May 1999 of the Declaration of Principles and Criteria Relating to the Freedom of Association in the Arab Countries (the ‘Amman Declaration’), cooperation between the EMHRN and the Arab Initiative for Freedom of Association (AIFA) expanded. On 5-7 October 2000, the EMHRN, in partnership with AIFA, organized a seminar on ‘Freedom of Association in the Euro-Mediterranean Region’ with three Moroccan groups (Espace associatif du Maroc, Association démocratique des femmes du Maroc and Organisation marocaine des droits de l’Homme); the event concluded with the adoption of the ‘Casablanca Declaration’. With the assistance of the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), the EMHRN then undertook a study on needs and expectations in the area of support for human rights defenders. The resulting feasibility study was approved by the organisation’s 2004 general assembly, which authorised the establishment of the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Foundation to Support Human Rights Defenders. And fi nally, as part of the last Euromed Civil Forum, held in Marrakech, Morocco, on 5-7 November 2006, the EMHRN co-chaired a workshop on freedom of association, with the Fondation René Seydoux pour le monde méditerranéen focusing on the cultural component. The current project is the outcome of this series of initiatives, which demonstrates the Network’s strong interest in the critical area of freedom of association for the past 10 years. The goal of the project is to foster improvements in the expertise of organisations in matters of freedom of association and to help them acquire follow-up and proposal-drafting capacities so that they may promote, where necessary, substantial legislative changes and a framework of rules applicable to the practices of the regulatory authorities. The strengthening of civil society and its components is an important factor contributing to the process of democratic reform. 1 Former secretary-general and vice-president of LTDH (Ligue tunisienne des droits de l’Homme) and FIDH (Fédération Internationale des droits de l’Homme), former deputy, Board member of the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Foundation (EMHRF). 5 In addition to preparing regular reports on freedom of association in each of the countries concerned, with involvement by its members and partners, the EMHRN needs to develop a methodology enabling it to defi ne a set of benchmarks aimed at measuring breakthroughs and setbacks experienced with respect to freedom of association from year to year and from country to country. A steering committee 2 was established to start the project and fi nd resource persons among non-governmental organisations (NGOs). The committee was asked to prepare, in cooperation with the most active independent NGOs in civil society, a number of country reports focusing on the legal and political dimensions of freedom of association as well as on the rules, the regulations and the practices implemented by the authorities and by the organisations themselves. Broadly speaking, the structure of each report includes an introduction on the general political context and on the legislation in place, followed by four or fi ve sections on GENERAL INTRODUCTION the establishment and registration of associations, on their dissolution and suspension, on their organisation and operation, on their funding and taxation regime, and fi nally on control, governance and transparency (in some cases, the last two sections have been combined). Based on a recommendation by the steering committee, the working group decided
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