DOCSLIB.ORG

The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11 The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11 Amy Belasco Specialist in U.S. Defense Policy and Budget September 28, 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33110 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11 Summary With enactment of the FY2009 Supplemental (H.R. 2346/P.L. 111-32) on June 24, 2009, Congress has approved a total of about $944 billion for military operations, base security, reconstruction, foreign aid, embassy costs, and veterans’ health care for the three operations initiated since the 9/11 attacks: Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) Afghanistan and other counter terror operations; Operation Noble Eagle (ONE), providing enhanced security at military bases; and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Congress is currently considering the FY2010 War request that was submitted to Congress along with DOD’s baseline request. The House passed its bill on July 30, 2009 (H.R. 3326) and the Senate is expected to act on its version in late September 2009. This $944 billion total covers all appropriations approved by Congress for FY2001 to meet war needs through FY2009, the current fiscal year ending September 30, 2009. Of that total, CRS estimates that Iraq will receive about $683 billion (72%), OEF about $227 billion (24%) and enhanced base security about $29 billion (3%), with about $5 billion that CRS cannot allocate (1%). About 94% of the funds are for DOD, 5% for foreign aid programs and embassy operations, and less than 1% for medical care for veterans. As of July 2009, DOD’s average monthly obligations for contracts and pay were about $10.9 billion, including $7.3 billion for Iraq, and $3.6 billion for Afghanistan. Compared to a year ago when the surge ended but troop levels remained high, average obligations have fallen by about 12%. Decreases in costs as troops are withdrawn from Iraq have been largely offset by increases in costs for additional troops for Afghanistan. The FY2010 war request totals $139 billion including $130 billion for DOD for both wars, $6.4 billion for the State Department’s foreign and diplomatic operations, and $2.1 billion for VA medical costs for OEF and OIF veterans. Overall war funding is decreasing from the peak of $185 billion in FY2008 during the surge in Iraq to $150 billion in FY2009. This decline reflects primarily lower war-related procurement as DOD’s returned to a narrower, more traditional definition of war-related costs, rather than lower troop levels since increases for Afghanistan offset decreases for Iraq. Based on the current request, the cost of the Afghan and Iraq wars would fall by another 8% in FY2010, a decrease that is less than the currently planned 19% decrease in overall troop levels. If the Administration’s FY2010 war request is enacted, total war-related funding would reach $1.08 trillion, including $748 billion for Iraq, $300 billion for Afghanistan, $29 billion for enhanced security, and $5 billion that cannot be allocated. Of this cumulative total, 69% would be for Iraq, 28% for Afghanistan, and 3% for enhanced security. On August 30, 2009, General Stanley McChrystal, Commander in Afghanistan, submitted a strategic assessment and a request for additional troops was reportedly given to Secretary of Defense Gates on September 26 , 2009. That request is unlikely to be vetted either within DOD and the Administration until additional ongoing White House reviews of the strategy are completed. In a January 2009 update, the Congressional Budget Office projected that additional war costs for FY2010-FY2019 could range from $388 billion, if troop levels fell to 30,000 by 2011, to $867 billion, if troop levels fell to 75,000 by about 2013. Under these CBO projections, funding for Iraq, Afghanistan and the GWOT could total about $1.3 trillion to about $1.8 trillion for FY2001- FY2019 depending on the scenario. Congressional Research Service The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 Total War Funding Enacted ...................................................................................................1 Total War Costs if FY2010 Request is Approved ...................................................................2 Pending FY2010 Request......................................................................................................3 Potential Troop Increases in Afghanistan.....................................................................................4 th War Cost Issues in the 111 Congress..........................................................................................4 War Cost Estimates for Iraq and Afghanistan.........................................................................6 Problems with Reliability of DOD’s Estimates by Operation ...........................................7 Estimates of War-Related Budget Authority.....................................................................8 Funding for Each Agency..............................................................................................10 Trends in War Funding..............................................................................................................12 Estimates for Iraq and Afghanistan and Other Operations ....................................................15 CBO Projections of Future Costs...................................................................................16 Past Trends and Future DOD Costs in Iraq ....................................................................17 Past Trends and Future DOD Costs in Afghanistan........................................................19 Past Trends and Future Costs in Enhanced Security.......................................................19 DOD Spending Thus Far.....................................................................................................19 Changes in Average Monthly Obligations......................................................................22 Troop Level Changes in the Bush and Obama Administrations............................................23 Funding to Train and Equip Iraqi and Afghan Security Forces .............................................24 Reset and Reconstitution.....................................................................................................26 DOD Changes Definition of War Costs .........................................................................26 Procurement Funding in FY2007 and FY2008...............................................................27 Front Loading Reset Funding........................................................................................27 Carryover of DOD War Investment Funding..................................................................28 Accuracy and Expansion of Reconstitution Requests.....................................................29 Modularity as an Emergency Expense ...........................................................................30 Growing the Force as a War Cost ..................................................................................30 Questions About War-Related Procurement Issues.........................................................31 Potential Readiness Issues...................................................................................................32 Congressional Options to Affect Military Operations...........................................................33 Problems in War Cost Estimates and Reporting .........................................................................35 Difficulties in Explaining DOD’s War Costs........................................................................36 Changes in Troop Strength ............................................................................................37 Reliance on Reservists Falls..........................................................................................40 Changes in Military Personnel Costs .............................................................................41 Changes in Operating Costs ..........................................................................................42 Changes in Investment Costs.........................................................................................42 Special Funds and the Flexibility Issue..........................................................................43 Average Cost Per Deployed Troop and Future Costs............................................................45 Estimates of Future Costs..............................................................................................46 Congressional Research Service The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11 Figures Figure 1. Active-Duty and Reserve Shares of OIF/OEF Average Annual Troop Levels, FY2003-Early FY2007...........................................................................................................41 Tables Table 1. Estimated War Funding by Operation: FY2001-FY2010 War Request ............................9 Table 2. Estimated War Funding by Agency: FY2001-FY2010 .................................................. 11 Table 3. Budget Authority for Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror (GWOT) Operations: FY2001-FY2010 Request.....................................................................13
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Estimated Costs of U.S. Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and of Other Activities Related to the War on Terrorism
    CBO TESTIMONY Statement of Peter Orszag Director Estimated Costs of U.S. Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and of Other Activities Related to the War on Terrorism before the Committee on the Budget U.S. House of Representatives October 24, 2007 This document is embargoed until it is delivered at 10:00 a.m. (EDT) on Wednesday, October 24, 2007. The contents may not be published, transmitted, or otherwise communicated by any print, broadcast, or electronic media before that time. CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE SECOND AND D STREETS, S.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20515 Mr. Chairman, Congressman Ryan, and Members of the Committee, I appreciate the invitation to appear before you today to discuss the costs of U.S. operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and the government’s activities related to the broader war on terrorism. Those operations and activities have important effects beyond their implications for the federal budget, but my testimony this morning will focus on the narrower issues of the appropriations and obligations to date and the projected costs of the war on terrorism under two different deployment scenarios. Summary At the request of Chairman Spratt, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has totaled the funding provided through fiscal year 2007 for military and diplomatic operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and other activities associated with the war on terrorism, as well as for related costs incurred by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) for medical care, disability compensation, and survivors’ benefits. In addition to totaling the funding provided to date, CBO has projected the total cost over the next 10 years of funding operations in support of the war on terrorism under two scenarios specified by the Chairman.
    [Show full text]
  • Costs of Post-9/11 Wars Through FY2018
    United States Budgetary Costs of Post-9/11 Wars Through FY2018: A Summary of the $5.6 Trillion in Costs for the US Wars in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan and PaKistan, and Post-9/11 Veterans Care and Homeland Security1 Neta C. Crawford2 Boston University November 2017 “After 16 years, should the taxpayers of America be satisfied we are in a ‘stalemate’? I don’t think so.” Senator John McCain, Senate Armed Services Committee Hearing, 3 October 20173 As of late September 2017, the United States wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Syria and the additional spending on Homeland Security, and the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs since the 9/11 attacks totaled more than $4.3 trillion in current dollars through FY2017. Adding likely costs for FY2018 and estimated future spending on veterans, the costs of war total more than $5.6 trillion.4 This report focuses on US federal budgetary costs and obligations for America’s wars since 9/11.5 1 This updates Neta C. Crawford, “US Costs of Wars through 2016, $4.79 Trillion and Counting: Summary of Costs for the US Wars in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan and Pakistan and Homeland Security” September 2016 and Neta C. Crawford, "US Costs of Wars Through 2014: $4.4 Trillion and Counting: Summary of Costs for the US Wars in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan," Costs of War, June 2014. In June 2014, I reported the costs of the major wars and Operation Noble Eagle, including OCO, homeland security, veterans, future obligations and interest on borrowing to pay for the wars through 2014 was about $4.4 Trillion.
    [Show full text]
  • Operations Noble Eagle, Enduring Freedom, and Iraqi Freedom: Questions and Answers About U.S
    Order Code RL31334 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Operations Noble Eagle, Enduring Freedom, and Iraqi Freedom: Questions and Answers About U.S. Military Personnel, Compensation, and Force Structure Updated February 16, 2005 Lawrence Kapp Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Operations Noble Eagle, Enduring Freedom, and Iraqi Freedom: Questions and Answers About U.S. Military Personnel, Compensation, and Force Structure Summary This report provides short answers to commonly asked questions about military personnel, compensation, and force structure issues related to Operation Noble Eagle (ONE), Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Operation Noble Eagle is the name given to military operations related to homeland security and support to federal, state, and local agencies in the wake of the September 11th attacks. Operation Enduring Freedom includes ongoing operations in Afghanistan, operations against terrorists in other countries, and training assistance to foreign militaries which are conducting operations against terrorists. Operation Iraqi Freedom includes the invasion of Iraq, the defeat of Saddam Hussein’s regime, and the subsequent peacekeeping, rebuilding, and counter-insurgency operations in Iraq. The section on personnel addresses issues such as casualties, reserve mobilization, “sole surviving son or daughter” status, conscientious objection, and “stop-loss.” The section on compensation addresses issues related to the pay and benefits — including death benefits — provided to members of the U.S. military participating in ONE/OEF/OIF and their families. The section on force structure addresses issues related to how ONE/OEF/OIF might affect the number of personnel needed by the military, and responds to common questions about whether a return to conscription is likely under current circumstances.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the PDF File
    TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL GUIDANCE APPENDIX A - REFERENCES APPENDIX B - CLASSIFICATION GUIDANCE - ENDURING FREEDOM APPENDIX C - CLASSIFICATION GUIDANCE - NOBLE EAGLE APPENDIX D - EXTRACT FROM DODI-C-5240.8, SECURITY CLASSIFICATION GUIDE FOR INFORMATION CONCERNING THE DOD COUNTERINTELLIGENCE PROGRAM (U) APPENDIX E - SECDEF MESSAGE DTG 200601Z OCT 01, SUBJ: PUBLIC AFFAIRS GUIDANCE (PAG) APPENDIX F - DEFINITIONS & ACRONYMS FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 2 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION GUIDE Operations ENDURING FREEDOM & NOBLE EAGLE 1. Purpose. This document provides instructions and guidance on the classification of information involved in Operation ENDURING FREEDOM and Operation NOBLE EAGLE. It is designed to establish the minimum classification required for information related to the current operation and homeland security. Previous guidance established by the U.S. Central Command, Joint Staff, the Intelligence Community and others are annotated as derivative actions; i.e. readers shall coordinate with the principal office of record for any questions, actions, or modification of their original decisions. 2. Authority. This guide is issued under the authority of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (ASD(C3I)) and is in accordance with DoD 5200.1-R, "Information Security Program" and the provisions of Executive Order (EO) 12958, "Classified National Security Information." This guide shall be cited as the basis for classification, reclassification, or declassification of information and materials related to Operations ENDURING FREEDOM and NOBLE EAGLE under DoD cognizance and control. 1 Changes in classification guidance required for operational necessity will be made immediately upon notification and concurrence of the Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR). Classification decisions based on previous guidance (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Support of the U.S. War on Terrorism
    Order Code RL31152 Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Foreign Support of the U.S. War on Terrorism Updated July 11, 2002 Pierre Bernasconi, Tracey Bonita, Ryun Jun, James Pasternak, & Anjula Sandhu Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Steven A. Hildreth Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Foreign Support of the U.S. War on Terrorism Summary In response to the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, a number of countries and organizations pledged various forms of support to the United States in its campaign against the Al Qaeda network and the Taliban in Afghanistan. This report summarizes support for the U.S. war against terrorism from open source material. It will be updated as necessary. For additional information on the U.S. response to terrorism, as well as further country and regional information, see the CRS Terrorism Electronic Briefing Book at: [http://www.congress.gov/brbk/html/ebter1.html]. Contents Overview........................................................1 Response ........................................................2 International Organizations ......................................2 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) ....................2 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)................2 Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM).........3 European Union (EU) ......................................3 Organization for Security and Cooperation in
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Freedom's Sentinel, Report to the United States Congress
    LEAD INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR OVERSEAS CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS OPERATION FREEDOM'S SENTINEL REPORT TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS APRIL 1, 2017‒JUNE 30, 2017 LEAD INSPECTOR GENERAL MISSION The Lead Inspector General for Overseas Contingency Operations coordinates among the Inspectors General specified under the law to: • develop a joint strategic plan to conduct comprehensive oversight over all aspects of the contingency operation • ensure independent and effective oversight of all programs and operations of the federal government in support of the contingency operation through either joint or individual audits, inspections, and investigations • promote economy, efficiency, and effectiveness and prevent, detect, and deter fraud, waste, and abuse • perform analyses to ascertain the accuracy of information provided by federal agencies relating to obligations and expenditures, costs of programs and projects, accountability of funds, and the award and execution of major contracts, grants, and agreements • report quarterly and biannually to the Congress and the public on the contingency operation and activities of the Lead Inspector General (Pursuant to sections 2, 4, and 8L of the Inspector General Act of 1978) FOREWORD We are pleased to publish the Lead Inspector General (Lead IG) quarterly report to the United States Congress on Operation Freedom’s Sentinel (OFS). This is our ninth quarterly report on this overseas contingency operation, discharging our individual and collective agency oversight responsibilities pursuant to sections 2, 4, and 8L of the Inspector General Act of 1978. Two complementary missions constitute OFS: 1) the U.S. counterterrorism mission against al Qaeda, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria—Khorasan, and their affiliates in Afghanistan, and 2) U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Military and Veterans' Affairs FY 2016-2017
    Department of Military and Veterans’ Affairs FY 2016-2017 Discussion Points Military Services Mobilizations 1. According to the department, the New Jersey National Guard has mobilized 16,000 troops since September 11, 2001. Many of these soldiers have been deployed multiple times. Specifically, in September 2008, approximately half of the New Jersey National Guard was deployed to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. This was the largest single deployment of the New Jersey National Guard since World War II, comprising 2,875 soldiers of the 50th Infantry Brigade Combat team, a Military Police Company, and Water Purification and Chemical Units. • Question: Please provide an overview of the role the New Jersey National Army Guard and the New Jersey National Air Guard has played in supporting the war efforts since September 11, 2001 and the accomplishments of the units deployed. Please provide a chart showing the operations, the missions, the number deployed, and the number of New Jersey National Guard Army and Airmen still deployed. What percentage of the force is currently available for mobilization? Since September 11, 2001, the New Jersey Air National Guard has deployed 8,623 Airmen while the New Jersey Army National Guard has activated and deployed 11,508 Soldiers in support of contingency operations around the globe. The Air National Guard has flown more than 9,000 sorties equaling more than 35,000 flight hours. 84.5% of Soldiers and Airmen are available for mobilization. Overview of New Jersey Air National Guard Efforts since September 11, 2001. 108th Wing: 2001 ‐ 2002 Operations: Noble Eagle (ONE)/Enduring Freedom (OEF) KC‐135 Aviation Squadrons to Oman 2001 ‐ 2003 Operations: Noble Eagle (ONE)/Enduring Freedom (OEF) Security Forces Squadron to Afghanistan, Cuba, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Toppling the Taliban: Air-Ground Operations in Afghanistan, October
    Toppling the Taliban Air-Ground Operations in Afghanistan, October 2001–June 2002 Walter L. Perry, David Kassing C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/rr381 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Perry, Walter L., author. | Kassing, David, author. Title: Toppling the Taliban : air-ground operations in Afghanistan, October 2001/June 2002 / Walter L. Perry, David Kassing. Other titles: Air-ground operations in Afghanistan, October 2001/June 2002 Description: Santa Monica, CA : RAND, [2015] | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2015044123 (print) | LCCN 2015044164 (ebook) | ISBN 9780833082657 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780833086822 (ebook) | ISBN 9780833086839 (epub) | ISBN 9780833086846 ( prc) Subjects: LCSH: Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001- | Afghan War, 2001---Campaigns. | Afghan War, 2001---Aerial operations, American. | Postwar reconstruction—Afghanistan. Classification: LCC DS371.412 .P47 2015 (print) | LCC DS371.412 (ebook) | DDC 958.104/742—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015044123 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2015 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover photo by SFC Fred Gurwell, U.S. Army Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use.
    [Show full text]
  • FY 2011 Budget Requests from US CENTCOM, US SOCOM, and US
    i [H.A.S.C. No. 111–138] HEARING ON NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2011 AND OVERSIGHT OF PREVIOUSLY AUTHORIZED PROGRAMS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION FULL COMMITTEE HEARING ON BUDGET REQUESTS FROM THE U.S. CEN- TRAL COMMAND, U.S. SPECIAL OPER- ATIONS COMMAND, AND U.S. TRANS- PORTATION COMMAND HEARING HELD MARCH 17, 2010 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 58–173 WASHINGTON : 2010 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS IKE SKELTON, Missouri, Chairman JOHN SPRATT, South Carolina HOWARD P. ‘‘BUCK’’ MCKEON, California SOLOMON P. ORTIZ, Texas ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland GENE TAYLOR, Mississippi MAC THORNBERRY, Texas SILVESTRE REYES, Texas WALTER B. JONES, North Carolina VIC SNYDER, Arkansas W. TODD AKIN, Missouri ADAM SMITH, Washington J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia LORETTA SANCHEZ, California JEFF MILLER, Florida MIKE MCINTYRE, North Carolina JOE WILSON, South Carolina ROBERT A. BRADY, Pennsylvania FRANK A. LOBIONDO, New Jersey ROBERT ANDREWS, New Jersey ROB BISHOP, Utah SUSAN A. DAVIS, California MICHAEL TURNER, Ohio JAMES R. LANGEVIN, Rhode Island JOHN KLINE, Minnesota RICK LARSEN, Washington MIKE ROGERS, Alabama JIM COOPER, Tennessee TRENT FRANKS, Arizona JIM MARSHALL, Georgia BILL SHUSTER, Pennsylvania MADELEINE Z. BORDALLO, Guam CATHY MCMORRIS RODGERS, Washington BRAD ELLSWORTH, Indiana K. MICHAEL CONAWAY, Texas PATRICK J. MURPHY, Pennsylvania DOUG LAMBORN, Colorado HANK JOHNSON, Georgia ROB WITTMAN, Virginia CAROL SHEA-PORTER, New Hampshire MARY FALLIN, Oklahoma JOE COURTNEY, Connecticut DUNCAN HUNTER, California DAVID LOEBSACK, Iowa JOHN C.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of the Army; in Return, We Have an Obligation to Provide Full Accountability of the Resources Entrusted to Us
    03ArmyCover12-1.qxd 12/2/2003 3:38 PM Page 1 Fiscal Year 2003 The United States Army Annual Financial Statement Our Army at War – Relevant and Ready 03ArmyCover12-1.qxd 12/2/2003 3:38 PM Page 2 Our Army at War – Revelant and Ready * Unless otherwise indicated, all photographs in the FY 2003 Army Annual Financial Statement are courtesy of the U.S. Army. Photos provided by the Association of the U.S. Army and Copyrighted 2003 were reproduced by permission and noted. 03YearinReview12-12.qxd 12/15/2003 5:38 PM Page 1 Table of Contents Secretary of the Army Message . i 2003 The United States Army Assistant Secretary of the Army Message . iii Annual Financial Statement (Financial Management and Comptroller) Assistant Secretary of the Army Message . v (Civil Works) Army Year in Review . vii General Fund . 1 Army Working Capital Fund . 33 Civil Works Fund . 61 Principal Statements and Related Notes . 87 03YearinReview12-12.qxd 12/15/2003 5:38 PM Page 2 2003 Our Army at War – Relevant and Ready 03YearinReview12-12.qxd 12/15/2003 5:38 PM Page i For 228 years, the Army has served America in peace and war. Today, our Nation is once again at war. We are engaged in a global campaign against terrorism. Notwithstanding our war on terrorism, we are simultaneously working to transform the Army into a more agile fighting force with a Joint and Expeditionary mindset ready to support the U.S. Joint Team. The Army is about people - Soldiers, families, and civilians. With more than 1.2 million individuals, including those of the active and reserve components, civilians, and contractors, the Army serves America throughout the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Operations Enduring Freedom and Noble Eagle: Questions and Answers About U.S
    Order Code RL31334 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Operations Enduring Freedom and Noble Eagle: Questions and Answers About U.S. Military Personnel, Compensation, and Force Structure Updated March 19, 2002 Lawrence Kapp Analyst in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Operations Enduring Freedom and Noble Eagle: Questions and Answers About U.S. Military Personnel, Compensation, and Force Structure Summary This report provides short answers to commonly asked questions about military personnel, compensation, and force structure issues related to Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), the ongoing war against terrorism, and Operation Noble Eagle (ONE), the name given to military operations related to homeland security and support to federal, state, and local agencies in the wake of the September 11th attacks. The section on personnel addresses issues such as casualties, reserve mobilization, “sole surviving son or daughter” status, conscientious objection, and “stop-loss.” The section on compensation addresses issues related to the pay and benefits – including death benefits – provided to members of the U.S. military participating in OEF/ONE and their families. The section on force structure addresses issues related to how OEF/ONE might affect the number and type of personnel needed by the military, and answers common questions about whether or not a return to conscription is likely under current circumstances. Contents Personnel ...................................................... 1 How many U.S. military personnel have died in connection with OEF? Are any servicemembers who are missing in action (MIA) or prisoners of war (POW)? .................................. 2 How many reservists have been called to active duty by the federal government? After activation, how long can they be required to serve on active duty? ....................................
    [Show full text]
  • Logistics and Support Q 12 Tsunami! Information Sharing F 7 from the Editor J by Merrick E
    JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY 4 pi Issue 39, 4th Quarter 2005 JFQ JFQ coming next . JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Homeland Defense and Security plus Special Operations in the 21st Century Interagency Lessons from Afghanistan and more in issue 40, 1st Quarter 2006 of JFQ Logistics and Support ISSUE THIRTY-NINE, ISSUE THIRTY-NINE, Chairman’s Strategic JFQ Essay Contest Winners JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY 4 TH A Professional Military and Security Journal 2005 QUARTER New Series— Published for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Interagency Dialogue by National Defense University Press National Defense University Washington, DC A PROFESSIONAL MILITARY AND SECURITY JOURNAL 3 pi Cov 4 Score covers 1 & 4 no greater than 3/16” from the bind Cov 1 Trim 8 3/8” x 10 7/8” Without supplies, no army is brave. —Frederick the Great, 1747 Victory is the beautiful, bright-coloured flower. Transport is the stem without which it never could have blossomed. —Sir Winston Churchill, 1899 The war has been variously termed a war of production and a war of machines. Whatever else it is, so far as the United States is concerned, it is a war of logistics. —Fleet ADM Ernest J. King, USN, 1946 Good logistics is combat power. —LTG William G. Pagonis, USA, 1992 Without supplies, no army is brave. —Frederick the Great, 1747 Victory is the beautiful, bright-coloured flower. Transport is the stem without which it never could have blossomed. —Sir Winston Churchill, 1899 The war has been variously termed a war of production and a war of machines. Whatever else it is, so far as the United States is concerned, it is a war of logistics.
    [Show full text]