WikiLeaks Document Release http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 February 2, 2009

Congressional Research Service Report RL31152 Foreign Support for the U.S.-Led War on Regina Dubey, Huda Aden, Amanda Douglas, and Steven A. Hildreth, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division

Updated August 8, 2003

Abstract. In response to the terrorist attacks against the on September 11, 2001, a number of countries and organizations have pledged military and intelligence support of operations against the Al Queda network and the in . This report summarizes public and media statements concerning military and intelligence support. http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Congressional Research Service Regina Dubey, Huda Aden, andAmanda Douglas CRS ReportforCongress Foreign Affairs, Defense, andTrade Division Foreign Affairs, Defense, andTrade Division International Support for the U.S.-Led War on Terrorism Waron U.S.-Led

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The Library ofCongress Specialist inNational Defense Received throughtheCRSWeb Updated August 8,2003 Steven A.Hildreth Order Code RL31152 http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Briefing Book at:[http://www.c as wellfurthercountry orregional di (See CRSReportRL31843, postwar Iraqcontributions to orinvolvement nations. organizations andindividual intelligence, law enforcement, financial,military and of internationalcontributions based largely oninformationfromopensour reconstruction assistancea from the waronterrorism,ranging Summary countries. Many countriesa a operations toencompassconfronting usin Qaedafrom Al prevent and seeking to war onterrorismhasevolvedfromridding For additional information ontheU.S. a This inte report summarizes Since the September 11,2001terroristatt International Supportforthe U.S.-Led WaronTerrorism nd diplomaticsupport. nd international organizationsnd international : ForeignStancesTowardU.S.Policy ongress.gov/brbk/html/ebter1.html]. rnational supportfortheongoing war on terrorism, scussions, seetheCRS The reportdoesnotc nd defeating terrorisminanumberof military supportandbasing rights to Afghanistan ofthe ruling Taliban regime intheU.S.-ledcoalitionIraq war. g the nation asabaseforworldwide g thenation ce materials regarding the diplomatic, nd internationalresponsetoterrorism, acks intheUnitedStates,U.S.-led have becomeinvolvedin Terrorism Electronic over international .) http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Appendix: Links for AbbreviationsResponse ...... 44 Overview ...... 1 Contents Table 5.Counter-TerrorismM Table 4.DetailofForeign Military - Table 3.DirectForeign Military -Re Table 2.Afghanistan Recons Table 1. Status ofTables List of Key Al Qaeda-Linked Suspects ...... 29 U.N. Security CouncilResolu U.N. Action AgainstCountries TerrorismRegionalInternational ...... 44 Organizations Organizations ...... 7 ...... 6 for the US-Ledfor the War U.S.-Led in Afghanistan...... 37 DonorContributions Actual andExpected War in Afghanistan...... 31 Groups Allegedly Affilia Counter- terrorismResolutionsa ...... 6 ...... 8 truction TrustFund (ARTF) ted withAlQaeda easures ApprovedorConsidered tions Regarding Afghanistan lated Support(Offere Related Support(Offe nd Actionsby Country andRegion ...... 30 ...... 47 d orProvided) red orProvided) ...... 44 ...... 39 .....45 http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Current IssuesandU.S.PolicyConcerns. campaign,” similar to operations in and Yemen.Pakistan in campaign,” similar tooperations be “increasedrelianceoncovert operators . Initially, thiseffort focused primarily onriddingAfghanistan there. help quell the terrorist violence that threatens the Administration’s Middle East plan discussion ofa possible U.S.military presen 6 5 4 3 2 1 Africa, counter-terrorism activities aroundtheworld, regime andtheAl Qaeda terrorist networ attacked targets inAfghanistan onOctober7,2001. signed U.S. thisintolaw2001.The military (P.L.107-40)18, onSeptember forcesfirst Res. Resolution 23)authorizing (S.J. a Joint th passed then Congress Eagle). Noble (Operation civil and supportmissions defense homeland President Bush authorized apartialmobiliza Bali nightclub bombing in2002. governments ofSingapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, an attack inSingapore aswellprovided information on the groups plansinpro-Western U.S. intelligence as Jemaah Islamiah (JI). Discovered documents have already helped block ousting forceshave ofTaliban revealed an combat operations. Djibouti since the end ofDecember Task 2002.The Forcehas not yet launched any major Approximately 2,000U.S.armed services personne command Er includeDjibouti, command oftheCombinedForce-Ho Task Joint “Profile: Diplomatic Efforts toForum Tr WaronTerrorism in‘cleanup’phase, According totheWashington Times onMay documents 2,2003, uncovered since The hasinitiatedanew counter-terrorism operationunderthenewly formed Forfurtherreading onU.S.policyReport RL30588, inAfghanistan,CRS see The first U.S.actioninthewaronterrorismfirst when occurredonSeptember 15,2001, The As the war on terrorism has expanded, U.S. As thewaronterrorismhasexpanded, The U.S.-led waronterrorism The U.S.-led 6 Additionally, Indonesia, NorthKorea,Ir 3 the former Soviet state of state Soviet former the International Supportforthe U.S.-Led WaronTerrorism itrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan,andYemen. itrea, Ethiopia,Kenya, Overview 1 hasreceivedbroad-base Georgia, and SoutheastAsia, and Georgia, Washington Times Al Qaeda-related referredtoby Asia group in uce Between Israel Palestinian andMilitant , asopposedtoathirdfull-fledged military k. Today, the United States is involved in k. Today,involved is theUnitedStates tion oftheReserves andNational Guard for e use of U.S.Armed forces.PresidentBush rn of Africa. Countriescoveredof underthis rn ce in Palestine territories andin Israelce to and thePhilippines.JI is suspected of the including placessuchas the Horn of l have beendeployed tocamp Lemonier an, andSyriawidely arestill citedas officials have indicated there there might haveindicated officials , May 2,2003. 5 d internationalsupport. There has also been Therehasalso 2 ofthe ruling Taliban 4 particularly the (continued...) Afghanistan: http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 at [http://www.congress.gov/brbk/html/ebter131.htm]. at March 31,2003. Issues been presented thus farand thus been presented many suchlinkage existed.” that areskeptical experts between the former regimeQaeda, ofSaddambut little evidenceAl Hussein and has Since thewarinIraq, “U.S.teams. been likelyhave would toshare Hussein Patterns ofGlobalTerrorism terrorists attacks linked toterrorism and have fatalities declined. According tothe or anuclearweaponprogram, andskep Hussein hadanextensive that assertions fortheU.S.-l support focuses onglobal report does not treat the possibility ofan expanding listof“rogue” states, butinstead seniorkilled AlQaeda as well as members the lossof or nowreportedly captured in theMiddleEast involvement presence inAfghanistan, Iraq, andelse Qaeda networkhasapparently compared to355in2001.Despitesomere terror.” Iraqagainst campaign a“victory” wasboth the advancein and“acrucial waragainst the Iraq. that war in Bushhasasserted recent President andthe terrorism organizations suchasAlQaeda. [http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2002/pdf]. reports thatIraqi leadersmayhi have nuclear and , whichhaveexisting Iraq as “thein the centralbattle global war onterror.” security the of characterized further Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz ofDefensePaul possible terrorist“hotspots. 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 war against IraqU.S.-led may havepotentia interna Although widespread invasion against Iraq. issuessurr the does not,however,address the waronterrorism,thisthreathasnotmate Face theNation,” News July 27,2003. Transcript, Operations inIraq have Ended,” May 1,2003. Groups Continue,”NPR. U.S.Department ofState, WhiteHouse,OfficeofthePressSecr BriefIB92075, Forfurtherreading,Issue seeCRS (...continued) For furtherreading, see CRS U.S.Department ofState, Forfurther reading, see CRSReportRS21325, Since thestartofwaronterro Some believe there is an inescapableconnection between the global war on . 11

AllThingsConsidered Defense Link, “Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz Interview onCBS ” Questionshavebeenrais ElectronicBriefingBook, tional disagreement concerning “regrouped” inan atte peace process. With nearly an estimated third of the of nearly peaceprocess.With third estimated an report, Patterns of Global Terrorism 2002 Patterns ofGlobalTerrorism dden weaponsofmass CRS-2 12 weapons’ programs, andSyria becauseof are attempting to uncover linkages, ifany,uncover areto attempting terrorist attacks numbered 199 in 2002, terroristattacksnumbered199 those weapons withterroristorganizations. chemical or biological weapon’s stockpile chemical orbiological weapon’s etary,Combat “PresidentBushAnnounces ticism about Administration charges that Administration ticism about rism in September2001,thenumberof rism where in the region, aswellU.S. region, where inthe lly threatenedthele ounding thejustificationforaU.S.-led rialized inanyrialized way. obvious Thisreport ed war against international terrorist ported indications ofprogress, theAl indications ported Iraq: Divergent Views onMilitary Action , June 16,2003. , June : U.S.RelationsandBilateral mpt toopposetheU.S.military 9 OthersdoubtAdministration Terrorism ed concerning NorthKorea concerning ed destruction there. therationalefor vel ofcooperationon , page on“AlQaeda” , April2003, 7 This 10 8 , http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 than 3,000 Al Qaeda members havere members than 3,000AlQaeda Binalshibh, andA Sheik Mohammed,Ramzi resulted inthecaptureofanumber terrorism became more evident. more became terrorism the Middle East, has apparently strengthened the coalition as the threat posed by renewed diplomaticsupportforthewaron enforcement, financial, and military. Sinceattacks the inMorocco and , nations onmany of fronts,including coalition diplomatic, intelligence, law shift. tactical anapparent represents The coordination ofsuicide attacksin Muslimcountries. and car bombsalso appearedtargets tohave shifted fromhigh-profile Western targets to“soft” targets parts ofitsoperations.(F decentralizing and replacing changingkey some including adapting to circumstances, leaders by theSeptember11hijackers,and al-Moa financial machinery. AliHasanAl-Moa Mohammed of MustafaAhmedal-HawsawiandtheJanua no less important, isthecrackdownonterro abroad. (For moreonthestatusof 11conspiracy September the in implicated andunable to Qaeda wascrippled (the firstmajor incidents since the ) tempered optimismthat Al Al QaedaandtheIraqConflict and theIraqConflict RS21529, Report CRS Seealso [http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2002/pdf]; 2003. groups.” U.S. WhiteHouse. “Campaign Against Terrorism: A Coalition Update,” Report, supporting, supporting,from harboring oractin do everything possible toeliminate thethreat pos May 18,2003. Casablanca suggest thateven ontherun,Al-Qeada is a resilient threattotheWest,” financial assetsfro asabase,and Afghanistan 17 16 15 14 13 At the startofwar onterrorism, Presid Elliott, Michael.“Why theWaronTerrorWill Ibid. “The Cash Squeeze Inc,” “The on Terror U.S.Department ofState, The workby U.S.and foreign intelligencehaveenforcementofficialslaw and The war on terrorism is not only global in reach, but it is being fought is byit a onlybut not is The waronterrorism reach, global in Although thearrestsofkey AlQaedasu In May 2003,the twin terrorist attacks zen from166countries, zen . 17 Al-Hawsawiisbelievedto the assetsofmorethan .) 15 Patterns ofGlobalTerrorism 2002, yad, havereportedly help

launchmajorterroriststrikes. key see suspects, Qaeda-linked Al BusinessWeek Online, CRS-3 or further reading, ReportRS21529, seeCRS ent Bush identified twoBush coalitionobjectives: “to ent top Al Qaeda operatives, including Khalid top AlQaedaoperatives,including portedly beentakenintocustody. yad has beentiedtoBrooklyn’s AlFarouq in Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaandCasablanca, 13 terrorism, especially from key alliesin spects have dominated recentheadlines, ed by internationalterrorism; todeterstates bu Zubeida. SinceSeptember11,more ry 2003arrestofaYemenicleric,Sheik Al Qaeda has proven itself capable capable of Qaedahasprovenitself Al rist financing. TheMarch2003arrest rist g complicity within have also been captured orarrested captured have alsobeen NeverEnd: Bomb attacks inRiyadh and have setupthe bank accounts used $125 millioninterroristrelated March 17,2003. ed disrupttheterrorist 14 ternational terrorist Beforethen,the April2003, Table 1 16 Al Qaeda Al Others .) Time , http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Terrorism Program Designee, 2003. Congressto onAssetsintheUnitedStat Report blocked theassetsofterrorists Masri, whoremains at-large. to besought by investigators as is Al International Foundation, oneof Batterjee, aSaudibusinessmanand war onterrorismcontinueto further disabletheterroristnetwork. in Afghanistan in search ofremnants ofTa increasing levelofattacksthr Afghanistan and the war inIraq. theforeign military presencein of Afghanistan against peacekeeperschallenging driven fromKabul,theyhave waged a“spr international peacekeepers.Asremnants and controloperationsagainst AlQaed forces inthe Philippines, Georgia, Yeme forcesareongoingspecial near Pakistani Report RL31658, seeCRS reading, (Forfurther list. that addto Treasury to of the State orSecretaryof organizati27 based assetsof Order13224onSeptember23,2001. Executive 10,000 to11,000. Afghanistan.” Chair,andTaliban. Kahane Blow to Global Terrorist Network,”Blow toGlobalTerrorist March4,2003. 2003. worldwide. suspect $6,270,521. Andnearly $124millionin , whichallegedly 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 Pittman, American “Top Todd. toreassureKarzai Official of U.S. commitment to Exactfiguresbetw onforcesizefluctuates Cash Squeeze Inc,” “The onTerror Theseorganizations/designees include:Al Qaeda, Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Department ofTreasury, U.S. Op.Cit. Ibid; UnitedStatesMission to the European “Attacks inAfghanistan doubledinMay-ISAF commander,” U.S. Target MilitantsLeaders inSouthern Afghan Assault, According totheReport, Terrorist Asset Despite efforts in Afghanistan, the s the Despite effortsinAfghanistan, On themilitary front,nearly 11,000 22 In anefforttodisruptterrorist Associated Press. Terrorist Financing:TheU provided materialsupport ons andindividuals,furthe beconducted.Training 19 oughout thecountry sinceMarch2003.

May 9,2003. 25 Terrorist AssetsReport thelargest Islamic charitie ISAF CommanderNorber BusinessWeek Online,March 17,2003. 24 “organization/related designees,” Qaeda’s financialmast Other military actions in connection to the CRS-4 a andotherinternationalterrorists. 23 n, and Djibouti in order tobolstercommand the Afghan/Pakistanwith border,as as well een reporting size sources.Troop ranges from founder ofChicago-based Benevolence soldiers from more thansoldiers 23nations remain of Taliban and Al Qaeda allies have been have of TalibanandAlQaedaallies ing offensive”fromthesouthernprovince liban and Al Qaeda forces in Qaedaforcesin an andAl effort liban to Union, “Arrest of Al Qaeda Leader Seen as Seen Leader Union, “ArrestofAlQaeda es of Terrorist CountriesandInternationales ofTerrorist ecurity situationremainstenuousfor 20 .S. andInternationalResponse TheU.S.Departmentof Treasury has financing, President Bush signed The Orderinitially frozeallU.S.- for terroristoperations. ed assetshavebeenfrozen missions andoperations with , CalendarYear2002,Annual Washington Post Agence France-Presse r authorized the the Secretary r authorized t vanHeyst has reported s in the U.S., continues s intheU.S., ermind, SheikSaidal- 26

(continued...) 21 , March21, totaling 18 .) Adel , July http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 2003. made missiles, which began toward the Afghanistan Recons billion forfiscalyearpledged$1.7 2003. most significant military effortshasbeenth e aimed atimproving health, reported asongoing a oftheISAF. TheISAF hasco command intelligence, lawenforcement,andrecons Assistance inAfghanistan:Goals,Priorities,andIssuesforCongress rec Afghanistan details on of Afghanistan. Atth over command to andtheNeth support toOperationEnduring Freedom isoutlinedin earliermilitaryof detaileddiscussion efforts inAfghanistan. Instead, foreign military operations.Asaresult,thefollo military the Netherlandswillremainin occupation inthe1980s. Afghanistan,” Similarly, forcesize fluctuates,ranging from 4,500-5000 troops. number hasbeenvarying fromsources. 18-29. Exactfigures fluctuatebetweenreporting 2, 2003. States. Saudi Arabia, South Korea, ,Switz Saudi Arabia,SouthKorea, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, , 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 The cacheofmore The than200Soviet missiles isthelegacy oftwo decades AmericanPittman, “Top Todd. Official toreassureKarzai ofU.S. commitment to Thiswill bethefirst “out of area” Europe as participantstotheISAF.nations 23 (Decemberlisted The report 2002) lastupdated The (...continued) “Donor Pledges $1.7billionforfiscal 2003,” , 22donorsinclude:Bahrain, The Since December 2002,effortsinAfghan Since A number of countriesandorganizations c General AkinZorlu, formerlyGeneral the Turkishcommander ofthe ISAF, 30

Associated Press, e secondinternationaldonor nd 38moreunderplanning. onstruction, seeCRSReportRL31759, ducation, andtheinfrastructurewithinKabul.One of the May 12 and was expected to be completed on June 9, June Mayon tobecompleted 12andwasexpected charge untilAugust 2003,when NATO May 9,2003. truction TrustFund (ARTF), see CRS-5 32 erlands onFebruary 10,2003.Germany and an mission forNATO inthehistory ofEurope. erland, , UnitedKingdom,United and truction assistance — truction assistance Luxembourg, Netherlands,Norway, Portugal, (For a detailed su (For adetailed wing country overviewsdonotincludea e ongoing destruction Japan Economic Newswire Denmark, European mpleted 176projects,withanother44 ontinue toassist in istan havefocusedondiplomacy, 31 meeting inMarch2003,donors 29 Reconstructioneffortshave Table 3 mmary ofcontributions Commission, Finland, supported by limited and Table 2 of cachesSoviet- thereconstruction , March17, 2003. Table 4 Reconstruction 28 .) willassume under Soviet .) (For more 27 handed . http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 support, therefore,continue tobe report willbeupdate the rest as long-term, zero-interest credits. The International Conference on Conference TheInternational credits. zero-interest aslong-term, rest the Bank pledged atotalof$570 million,partsof general says,” Daily Briefing, determine themission.” themaking, (Cahlink,in George, “Waronterrorism ishistory said that“themission de Rumsfeldfurther they’re doing slightly differently, andhave what doing support beingis given totheUnited States,stating insteadthateachcountry pledged .Secretary of DefenseRonaldRums United Sateshasrequestedofothercountries no detailsareavailable. Similarly, itisso assistance individual countrieshave provided. International Organizations International major international organizations, summary ofinternationals 34 33 bridges pave in Afghanistan, likedisintegrating Rehabilitation Project free loan of $108milliontoAfghanista World Banksince 1979.Th forthefirsttime Afghanistan’s debt with the Worldmaking Bank, it eligible to borrow from the and workers,teachers, health servants, funding reconstructionproject assiststhe ARTF Bank. the World The managed by UNDP,theAsianDevelopmen (ARTF) was established, which is administered by the World Bank,jointlyand countries thatdidnotsubmitreports. in 243detailedletterstostates.Theco implementing the United Nations resolutions the committeereceived343statusreports Security CouncilResolution1373onmoney terrorism Committeehasbeenmonitori nations’ implementationof establishing global standardsagainst te From open sources,itisoftendifficulttodetermine thespecifictype andamountsopen of From

DevNews At theTokyo conferenceonreconstructi This report does notlistall the measures World Bank(WB). World NationsUnited (UN). . 34

Media Center, d asnecessary. . The project’s objective is to objective The project’s March 12,2003. In MayAfghanista 2002,the upport related to the war onterrorismbywar countryupport relatedtothe and GovExec.com TheUnitedNationshasplayed animportantrolein those standards.TheS ambiguous ordeliberately vague. s and covering expenses, su s andcovering expenses, Response 33 bothgovernmental andnongovernmental. The CRS-6 metimesdifficult todiscern exactly what the termines thatcoalition, thecoalitionmust not ng nations’commitmentandadoptionof ng police. Donations have also helped clear helped havealso Donations police. , October18,2001.)Some pledges of their own way of characterizing it.Secretary mmittee isdevising aplanofactionfor rrorism, including activemonitoring of including rrorism, ments, damaged t Some statisticsinthemedia arereported,but Afghanistan Inter t Bank, Islamic DevelopmentBank, and , and precisely what other countries have , andprecisely whatothercountries n to fund the Emer the n tofund e WorldBank hasapprovedaninterest- on assistance to Afghanistan, World to the on assistance feld has declined to openly describethe feld hasdeclinedto on terrorism, andhasofferedfeedback laundering. Sincetheattackson9/11, fromnationsontheirprogress in which willbedisbursedasgrantsand taken,butprovidesafairly detailed overcome transportation barriers overcome transportation ecurity Council’sCounter- n ReconstructionTrustFund ch as salaries forcivil ch assalaries unnels, andcollapsed im Administrationin gency Transport http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 antiterrorist teamthatwillcoopera inter-agency dialogue tobettercombat agencies, includingEU Euroju and various organizations. In ashowof financialtransactions, a suspicious a common definitionofterrorismandm development ofacommonEuropeanarrest membertheintelligence fightthe statesof onagainstfront terrorism, including the in SoutheastAsia. criminal investigations. (For fu evidence, evacuating andtreatingevidence, victims, international coopera forces areexpect task attacks. National Terrorism TaskForce to curb nations agreed onJanuary 22,2003toestablishanASEANAnti- of ASEAN sectors. cooperation between lawenforcementoffici on counter-terrorismmeas Judicial Cooperation see CRSReportRL31509, Reconstruction Assistanceto Afghanista 37 36 35 ofensuringmeans secure trade.” “focusTerrorismon port,maritimea Task Forceand aviationwith security, and other to combatterrorisminatwo-day meetin representatives from the21membercount Organizations Regional played akey roleinorganizing andleading theconference. financialinternational institutions,such as the WorldBank,and United Nations of became theprincipaladministrator Thecumulativeamountwasmorethan$4.5billion.WorldBank pledges. donor countriespledged morethan$1.8 reconstruction the presented theirplansfor Union, andSaudiArabia.Afghan repres European the by Theconferencewaschaired States, United the attended. Japan, Ministers andrepresentativesfrom 61 count Europol: http://www.europol.eu.int/home.htm. Europol: Tokyo [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/afghanistan/min0201/]. Conference: Agence FrancePresse, (EU). Association of Southeast Asian(ASEAN).Nations Asia PacificEconomic ) .) tion on examination of witnesse of tion onexamination February 25,2003. Europe andCounterterrorism collaboration,intelligence se ures formembercountries terroristactivity andcollabor The EUisactively promoting cooperation between rther reading, see CRSReportRL31672,reading, rther Cooperation(APEC). 36 te withitsU.S.counterparts. TheTaskForcefacilita nd developing acommonlistofterrorist CRS-7 the trustfund,superceding The theUNDP. ed toconductriska g inBangkok. They establishedaCounter- oney laundering, requiring thereporting of n washeldinTokyo January 21-22,2002. terrorism. Europolorganized aspecial terrorism. billion for 2002.Somemademulti-yearfor billion and conducting forensic ries ofAPECrenewedtheir commitment of theircountry. In supportofthese plans, warrant. Othereffortsincludedevising st andEuropol,havebeenengaging in entatives, including PresidentKarzai, als andbetweenthepublicprivate ries and21internationalorganizations s, searching and seizing of and encourages increased andencourages : StrengtheningPolice and rvices, judicialauthorities, ate in response to terrorist ate inresponseto tes accesstoinformation In February 2003,300 ssessments andfacilitate 35

37 (For further reading, further (For The Police Chiefs ThePolice examinations and examinations Terrorism http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 [http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/afghanistan/docs/tokyo.htm]. the period2003-2006. (about over theperiodfrom reconstruction to Afghanistan, Euros(about$2.27billion) for theEUpledged 2.3billion Afghanistan. In Tokyo, atthe International Conference onReconstructionAssistance peace intheircountry. Hamid President stationing of ISAF troopsnearKabul,re Afghan The Transitional ne Authority. percent ofthetroopsdeployed toISAF. 41 40 39 38 forces inMacedonia,Cr beenhavefighters infiltrating to arereported the ranks ofethnicguerrilla Albanian background checksandimplementing tight enforcement authorities front, Albanian are police and strengthening justice intelligence-sharing, Onthe law intelligence enforcement, and financial. and law a reconstructionbudget, totaling of$1.7million for thecoming fiscalyear. reconstruction process.Attherecentdonor waselectedby2002, HamidKarzai the Afghanistan’s majortaskistorebuild Countries region. suspicious activities.NATOforceshave monitor merchantmaritimeto forces shipsandand todocumentescort continue to eas offthe fleet NATO-member separate a ships fromeight countries,patrolledthe Straits ofGibralter. NATOmember Britain. Turkey andGreat formerlycommand oftheISAFwas onAugust heldby 11,2003.Thiscommand of theNorthAtlanticregion. NATO Assistance Force (ISAF). For the firsttime, NATOwilloversee a missionoutside 2003,NATOagreed toassumelead 16, April EUandAfghanistan: Seefootnote33. “Afghanistan: preparestotake NATO ISAF command,” Xinhua The European Union continues topl The EuropeanUnion Albania. Afghanistan. In MarchNATO2003, naval forces began monitoring merchant ships in the North Atlantic Treaty $197 (Chinese News Agency), March16,2003. million) have been pledged together withsimilar yearly contributions for 40 Albania has been fighting th Albaniahasbeenfighting Earlier in October 2001, NATO’ EarlierinOctober2001, Afterdecadesofforeign occupa 38 oatia, Bosnia, andKosovo. Organization (NATO). 2002 -2006.For 2002,upto200millionEuros CRS-8 its economy 13, andinfrastructure. OnJune Loya Jirga Loya garding itasasign of global commitment to 39 eastern Mediterranea will succeedGermany/Netherlands inits Karzai hastakentheleadin hisc Karzai monitored more than25,000 shipsinthe monitored more w Afghan administrationapproved the conference in March2003,hepresented conference tern coast of Africa. To date, NATO’s Todate, ofAfrica. coast tern countries havealr er immigration controls.AlQaeda ay aroleonthereconstructionof e war onterrorismthreefronts: war e ership oftheInternational Security (Grand Assembly) asheadofthe tion, civilstrifeanddevastation, s naval fleet,consisting ofnine s Reliefweb In alandmarkdecisionon n, in conjunction with n, inconjunction eady contributed95 , July 18,2003. , July ountry’s 41 http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 criminals, possession ofarms ofwar and holding false documents.” authorities arrested Nizar Trabelsi for“attempting touse association explosives, with roleinthe his for was arrestedforplanning Maaroufi Tarek Maouchi, andLlhouari Ma GroupforCallandComb Salafi the of remaining AlQaeda operatives. inte 2002 by U.S. made rocket-launchers.This forces launchedanassaultagainst th headquarters. an attempted attackto onNATO’sBrussels terrorlinked cell inBrussels and is killed. Alwan was allegedly one ofAlQaeda’s topoperatives inAfrica. in Batna, EmadAbdelwahidAhmed terrorism for2001-2003andanother$40million Courtailler. Thebrothersare women. $1 millioninemergency aid toAfghanistan and has given 10 scholarships to Afghan in theamountof$329million,channeledthr the InternationalBank Trade companies,were which being administered by the Arab-Albanian Islamic Bank and extradited inNovember 1999.In of severalaccounts Arab addition, the bank support AlQaeda,islinkedtosuspected Saudi businessmanwithmajorbusiness 47 46 45 44 43 42 remains unknown. reported releaseonMay 19,2003,theirexact by armedgroups, allegedlyhostage linkedto continues 15remaining toseekthe the release European touristbeing of held were among them. “Hopeforhostages,”

BBC MonitoringInternational Reports Agence France Presse Sydney MorningHerald The Miami Herald BBC Other effortsby Algerian o Australia. Austria. Belgium. On the financial front, Albania froze th froze On thefinancialfront,Albania Algeria. , October14,2002. A special security force unit of the People’s National Army National (ANP) security People’s Aspecial ofthe forceunit Austriahasprovidedfinancial Belgian authorities arrested Belgianauthorities Courtailler, Jerome brother ofDavid Australiahascommitted$524millionin lligence services of the possible use of Algeria as a rear base for 42 , September 8, 2002. assassination ofMassoud. Tenofthe32hostages werefreedinMay 2003whensecurity Daily Telegraph , October3,2001. , July 20,2002. , July ouchi inOctober2002. of Malaysia, AlQaedaaccounts now beenfrozen. of have armed recovery confirmed allegations made inJuly of accused of ties to Al Qaeda. Al accused oftiesto 43 fficials haveresultedinth

e armed groups, which , July 18,2003. , July Alwan, alsoknownasAbuMohammed,was CRS-9 , May 18,2003. to bombtheU.S.ConsulateinMilanand holdings in Albania. Kadi,thought to holdingsAlbania. in terrorist AbdelLatifi, whomAlbania terrorist at, including MansouriMeliani,Saad ough theEU.Austriahasalsodonated e accounts and assets of Jasin Kadi,a e accountsandassetsofJasin AlQaeda.Despitereportsoftheir 46 support towardthewaronterrorism OnSeptember13,2001,Belgian whereaboutsorstatusofrelease to aidinrebuilding Afghanistan. 44 In aSeptember 12, 2002raid supportofthefight against e arrestofnine members uncovered 13Egyptian- 45 In December2001, 47 Trabelsi led a led Trabelsi http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Certain,”“ www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2002/pdf. August 17, 2003, Canadian Brigadier Gene August 17,2003,Canadian On ofayear overaperiod Afghanistan ISAF ofthe aspart peacekeeping mission. starving children there. Thismission mission, whichprovided198,413poundsofhigh 51 50 49 48 its de-mining expertise withthe new Afghan government. or entities considered having linkstoterrorism. or issued hasalso United TheNBC States. in terroristactivities,aslis involved entities instructed all financial and bankinginstitutions to freeze assets of persons and well as assistance (NBC) has toAfghanistan. The National Bank ofCambodia goods, andstrengthen borderandcust In addition, newmeasurestotighten arms Agency lists. same recordsagainst the checkcustoms Customs to the to been issued by persons or organizations designated onthe U.S.terrorist list. A similar order has financial institutionstocheckandfreez The Bulgarian government also issued orders to all Bulgarian commercial banks and requests tosend itsinstructors inthe continued effort torebuild a new Afghan army. funding Barakta Hezbollah. isontheU. territory. Brazil detainedAssadAhma its Haramain Islamic bin Laden,and Qaeda includingto Al th frozen theassetsof several Hussein ArmanAhmed,suspectedof inJuly 2002, terrorists two Egyptian and aBelgian airbuswasusedto humanitarian operations.ABelgian AirFor

“Bulgarian Army Chief says Participation inBuilding “Bulgarian New Afghan Army “Almost U.S.Department ofState, Reuters The Miami Herald In assistance toAfghanistan, Belgium led the largest humanitarian assistance Canada. In assistance to Afghanistan, the Cam Cambodia. Bulgaria. Brazil. Besides intelligence hasgovernment and investigative efforts, the Bosnian Bosnia. , July 26,2002. , July Financial Times Information, Brazil has been investigatingwithin terrorism several to possible links On the law enforcement and intelligence front,Bosnian police arrested Beginning inAugust 2003,Ca Although unconfirmed, Bulgaria Cambodiahascontributedto Foundation, andtheGlobalReliefFund. , September 8, 2002. Islamic charitiesand Patterns ofGlobalTerrorism 2002, supply 250,000vaccinationsforchildren. CRS-10 May 15,2003. oms controlsarealsoreported. having closetiestobinLaden. e Benevolence International Foundation, Al- e any possibleaccountsor assetspossessed Al SherifHassanMahmoudSaadand S. listofwantedterrorfinanciers. d Barakta,of aLebanon nativesuspected export control,overseetrade in export dual-use reportedly set the st ders toprohibittransactions with persons ted by theU.N.Security Councilandthe bodian government hasofferedtoshare ral Peter DevlinsucceededGermany’sral Peter ce aircraft deliveredthissupplement, aircraft ce foundations suspected ofhaving ties nada willdeploy 3,000troopsto the financialwaronterrorism,as reportedly respondedfavorably to protein food supplement tofeed proteinfoodsupplement 49 andards forlater 48 April 2003. 50 51 http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Toronto-based AlQaedacell. Shehhi, twooftheSeptember11hijackers. Al-Marabhallegedlycharges. transferre answerforgery to Canada to border,andwasreturned U.S.-Canadian cross the attacks. MohammedAl-Hadiforsuspect Abdul Jabar and surrounding areas.TheBrigade ispartoftheISAF. responsible forproviding security forthe BrigadierGeneralWerner Freer as commanderBrigade,MultinationalKabul ofthe 54 53 52 Reconstruction TrustFund durin Euros (about$8.8million)annually overath Mubarak regime. led anEgyptian Islamic group forthepast terrorist attacks,servedas anti-government activities. Al-Zawahiri, a key figure linked to the September 11 AymanHamas. in death to wassentenced Al-Zawahiri militants,includingIslamist someaccused cooperation withEur as police officers activities. skilled The ininvestigating Unitisactingterrorist in combat terrorism. This Unitconsists ofa specially trained antiterrorist squad as well suspected by Interpol offina support emergency reliefandr humanitarian assistance.AsofJuly 2002,nearly $58 million had been allocatedto detained 11Lebanese nati investigations, as well as fighting against terrorist financing. Chilean authorities food, andrefugee assistance.

Op.Cit. The NewsTribune Agence FrancePresse Besides peacekeeping support, Canadian Finland. Egypt. Cyprus. China. In termsofAfghan reconstruc Chile. 52 In December 2001,NabilAl-Marabhwa To date, Chile has sustained itseffort inintelligence-sharing Todate, Chile has and The Mubarak regime hasste TheMubarakregime SeePeople’sRepublicofChina Nationally, Cyprus hascreated In terms ofassistance toAfghanistan, Finland pledged 10million , September 29, 2002. opean, neighboring, andothercountries. , September 8,2002. second in command toOsamabinLaden.in second Al-Zawahiri has onals for alleged ties to ncing AlQaedaorHezbollah. 53 econstruction inAfghanistan g theTokyo conference.. tion, Canadahas CRS-11 reestablishment of thecommunityreestablishment inKabul d money and documents to Atta and al- d money anddocumentstoAtta ten years whichseekstotopplethe ten of funding terrorismgroups,as such He is also the suspected leader ofthe leader suspected the also He is pped uparrestsandprosecutionsof ed connectionwiththeSeptember11 authorities have custody overNageeb a Mobile Immediatea Mobile Action Unitto ree-year periodtotheAfghanistan s arrestedwhiletrying toillegally Ahhad Mohamed Barracked, Ahhad absentia provided $116.5millionin 54 in theformofmedical, inEgypt forplotting http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 American embassyAmerican Kenya. in was alsoarrestedforhisconnectionsto group linkedtoAlQaeda,havebeen arrest the Internet. Germany. is believedtobeconnectedtheAl train andtoequiptheAfghan policefor international supportforbuilding anAf half oftheISAF troops. France. September 11attacks, Kamel France to In October2001,DjamelBeghal,alleged tobe Germany U.N.Ta ofthe servedashost to supporttheworkof the Interim Gove to theAfghanistan Interim AuthorityF fouryears.next the Germanyover efforts Germanyin 2002anda million pledged$69.4 forhumanitari a coordinationmechanism assistancetoAfghanistan. It oriented In 2001,Germany provided$46.2 widows tomakeuniformsfortheKabulpolice. employto Afghan war States United Germanythe and trainers, workedwith hasalso in connection toongoing investigations 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 the ISAF. TheGermancontingent totals 2,250 Masry, andturnedthemoverto AlQaeda,to including SaifGeorgia al- Islam captured 15Arab el militants linked

OnJuly 30, 2003,theGerman Embassy provided suchfigure. Toronto Star The Miami Herald Associated Press, The Ottawa Citizen Agence FrancePresse The Guardian Other effortshaveincluded In terms ofmilitary assistance toAfghanistan, Germany istaking the lead in Germany has also provided awiderange provided also has Germany France. Germany. Georgia. 58 Daoudiallegedlycomm maintained 56 afterbeingU. arrestedby 59 Eleven suspected members of Tafkir al-Hijra, a fundamentalist Islamic afundamentalist al-Hijra, Tafkir of members suspected Eleven , January 8,2002. , January French authorities apprehended , September 5, 2002. Onthe law enforcement and intelligence front,special forces in Germanycurrently sharesjoint command withthe Netherlands of June 5,2003. June , September 8,2002. , August 11,2002. , January 17,2002. , January 60 Daoudi wasarrestedinBrita the UnitedStatesinOctober2002. the detention of people the detentionofpeople million inhumanitarianaidanddevelopment- million CRS-12 lks on Afghanistan, which produced the Bonn produced lks onAfghanistan, which also chairedtheAfghanistan SupportGroup, oftheSeptember11terroristattacks. und, a trust fundwithin theU.N.framework a und, Moussaoui and the Al Qaeda bombing of the of and theAlQaedabombing Moussaoui Qaeda network operating outofHamburg,operating Qaeda network A.E. authoritiesinJuly 2001. A.E. ghan police force. It donated$9.4millionto rnment, withacontributionof$1.7million. ce. In addition toproviding funds,busses, ce. Inaddition ed by French authorities.DavidCourtailler was one of the first nations to contribute to was oneofthefirstnations an donors.AttheTokyo Conference, of reconstructiona total of$278millionforreconstruction AlQaeda’sParischief,wasextradited unication between AlQaedacellsvia unication Karim Mehdi, of Moroccan descent, Moroccan Karim Mehdi,of 61 innumber,comprising morethan on terror related charges.terror on in and later extradited to in andlaterextradited nd humanitarianaid. 57 After the 55 Mehdi http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Al Qaeda’sEuropeancells. Al Al Qaeda member, wasaccusedofobtaining September 11,2001. the AlQaedaplottoattackBr November 2001. member Mohammed Afroz AbdulRazzak. member MohammedAfroz 11attacks. that ledSeptember the counts ofaiding and abetting murder and hijackers. inHamburgMzoudi forallegedly providing keyOctober On suspectedterrorists. Calcutta inOctober2002. including AftabAhmedAnsariwantedfor front. Indian policearrestedfourHark used by OsamabinLadenIndiasupporters, 2003. approximately $364,000,andthe promised $1millioninhumanitarian aid toAfghanistan. Sofar, ithas delivered [http://www.latribuna.hn].) laundering.” (TegucigalpaLa Tribuna (Internet Version-WWW) inSpanish programs to ofits evaluation arecent with years.three Agreement, a blueprint forthe political stabilization ofAfghanistan over the next 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 International Conferenceon byandauthoritiesGerman later extradited toItaly.

La Padania The Miami Herald ABCnews BBC News The Miami Herald Agence FrancePresse The Miami Herald The Miami Herald India. Hungary. 11,Germanlawenforcem September Since In reconstructionaidtoAfghanis Honduras. 62 . AlsoinOctober2002,Mounirel com Besides providing intelligence information camps training terrorist about , October10,2002. , March2,2002. , October22,2002. In termsofrecons 64 According toHonduranofficials, In2001, MohammedAwani October , September 8,2002. , September 8,2002. 9/8/02, , September 8, 2002. 69 , September 14, 2002. 67 Asia Pulse Asia 66 In April2002,Indian authoritiesarrestedAlQaeda Reconstruction AssistancetoAfghanistan inTokyo. remainder willbedeliver truction assistance to Af to assistance truction 63 itish parliamentand , October11,2002. 10, 2002,GermanpolicearrestedAbdelghani CRS-13 Motassadeqwasarre tan, India $100millionatthe pledged accused of belonging totheHamburg cell prevent financing of terrorism andasset financingofterrorism prevent the bombing of a U.S.Embassy officein at-ul-Jehadi-e-Islami (HUJI) terrorists, at-ul-Jehadi-e-Islami 68 has contributedtothe law enforcement logistical supporttotheSeptember11 Razzk is accusedofplaying is in arole Razzk chemical weapons and explosives for chemicalweaponsandexplosives Motassadeq wascharged with300 ent officialshavearrestedseveral 65 “thecountry isin good standing Belgacem, reportedly asenior BenBelgacem wasarrested other London targets on other London targets ghanistan, Hungary has ed over thecourseof over ed sted inHamburg in http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Madni was also arrested inJakarta over and toU.S.authorities. handed continue to crack down on Islamic militants belonging toJI. Muhammad Saad Iqbal bombings. th organization linkedtoAlQaedaandone 2002, theIndonesian government declared Qaeda, whichseekstoestablishaSouth Ea leader of Islamiahthe militantJemaah (JI) Times Bashir, prominent Muslimcleric withalleged terrorist links. the group’s leader,whoissaidtohavelinkswithAlQaeda. Jemaah 2003, 18suspectedmembersof April 74 73 72 71 70 concerning Afghanistan, Iraq, peaceprocess,andterrorism. This East is Middle the and Iranian officialsmetin United States onissuesofcommon concern. UndertheauspicesofUnitedNations, talks Indonesia. ofIndonesiaGovernment hasdeci the now but elsewhere, forquestioning States United the to oversuspects had agreed turn to is suspectedoflinkstoAlQaeda. Prior provided by Omar al-Farouq led tothearre al who operatesunderthenameofOmar Stat United the indicates office, consular people ontheIndonesian ofBali. island and awaits trial. alleged mastermind oftheBali blasts,Imam Qaeda. Thetrialofthefirstthes information and intelligence-sharing tocombat terrorism. toa bilateraladdition agreement in withAustralia and concerning the Philippines countries intheregion. Indonesi www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2002/pdf. U.S.Department ofState, Seth Mydas, “Bali Bombing Case Opens with Morning-Long Indictment,”

The New York Times York New The The Washington Post Economic IntelligenceUnit Inmid-October 2002,Indonesian authoritie Indonesia. Iran. 5, 2002, theIndonesianOn June policearre Bali bombinvestigators arrestedwith alleged several key ties toAl suspects , May 13,2003.(SeealsoCRSReportRL31672, On a diplomatic front, the United St the front, Onadiplomatic 74 70 PoliceinIndonesia arequie On October 12, 2002, two coordi OnOctober12,2002,two , October16, 2002. , October6,2002. , October18,2002. a hasestablishedtripartite c Patterns of GlobalTerrorism2002, Patterns e suspects,Ambrose,began May 12, 2003. The CRS-14 to Reda’sarrest,th es may havebeenspecifically targeted. -Farouq. In September 2002, information May 3,2003inGenevatodiscussissues fundamentalist Islamic , aterroristgroup reportedly linkedto Al st ofaGermancitizenSeyam Reda,who Oneofthesebombings, neartheU.S. st AsianIslamic state.Indonesian police Sumatra,wasarrested in February 2003 ded todetainand at allegedly helped carry outthe Bali Islamiah (JI) were ates andIran haverecently conducted sted analleged AlQaedafinancier, s reportedly ques tly stepping upcooperationwith Terrorism inSoutheastAsia nated bombskilledabout190 ooperation with Malaysia ooperation with e Indonesian authorities 72 Bashir is an alleged Bashiris interrogate Redain arrested, including group JI aterrorist tioned AbuBakar April 2003. 73 New York New In late .) 71 In http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 arrested 150foreign nationalssusp peace effortsandterrorism,” Al Qaeda membership toSaudi Arabia.” represent reneweddi ofexpected talks. Whilefirst inathe series talks were amicable, they donot 77 76 75 on trial for their involvement insuspect including YassineChekkouri, Mahmoud EsSayed, whoisbeing tried October 2002,trialsbegan inMilanforte long fuses,a found 28ouncesofexplosives, Pakistanis suspectedofhaving tieswith rebuilding the Afghan judiciary. provided morethan$33millioninhumanitarian intelligence c from security stabilization and humanitarian assistance tolaw enforcement and Islamic terroristgroups. reportedly helpedtraintheirU.S.counter business leadersabouthomeland security prep this, Israeli consultantshave “assistingwas stated that Israel butnotparticipating” inthe war effort. In view of inte shared to September 11.Referring continued intelligence coopera million over five the years. next ConferenceonReconstruc International In Tokyoof a road between at Heratthe and Eslam Qala inAfghanistan. police, army, andjournalists.TheIrania improving Afghan infrastructure,comb outlining political,economic,andcultural recently signing fivememorandaofunders andfighters. Qaedaleaders sheltering Al Iran that and assisting is maintain officials U.S. some forwardsteps, apparent May anti-Americancler [2002], refu sought had 2002.Thesefighters in June “U.S. in‘Useful’ TalksmeeIran; withThe CNN.com The Miami Herald On the law enforcement and intelligence arrestedpolice 28 front,Italian Italy. Israel. supporterofth active Iranan remains Additionally,Iran turnedover16suspected Besides military support,Italy’s c , February 14,2002. Israel’s maincontributionto ooperation. In reconstr , September 8,2002. plomatic relationsbe Los AngelesTimes Abdelhalim Hafe Abdelhalim advised American officials, security and officials, experts, American advised tion, which was considered extensive evenbefore extensive tion, whichwasconsidered ical leaders deported six leaders deportedsix ical ected of being Al Qaeda members. Qaeda ected ofbeing Al CRS-15 uction assistancetoAfghanistan, Italy has lligence information,PrimeMinister Sharon ating poppy-production,Afghan andtraining in absentia tings have focused recently inIraq, Middle East n government hasalso Al Qaeda in Mayin 2003.Policeofficials AlQaeda tion toAfghanistan, Iran pledged $560 parts concerning theworkings ofknown activities i activities 76 tween thecountries. rrorists suspects,including Abdelkader rrorists nd detonators at the scene of the raid. Inraid. the detonators atthesceneof nd In February 2002,Iranian authorities ge inIran afterfleeing Afghanistan. “In tanding with theAfghantanding government, with e interimgovernment inAfghanistan, , May 13,2003. cooperation. Iran cooperation. Iran arations, andIsraeli specialforceshave ontribution to the ranges terror on ontribution tothewar the U.S. war on terrorism has war been U.S. the d Remadna,andNa Al Qaeda fighters to Saudi Arabia Saudi to Qaedafighters Al assistance. Italy isalsoengaged in . ThreeofEsSayed’s associates, nvolvi Saudi citizenssuspectedof ng the Milan Islamic 75 begun construction offered supportin bil Benattia, are 77 Despite these http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Al Qaeda leader and suspect Al Qaedaleader andMohammedKazda Kazdali of providingand falsepa logistical support antiterror operations in CentraloperationsantiterrorAfghanistan. Asia and Shymke accessofits hasprovided Kazakhstan the September11hijackers. prison. convicted ofassisting theterro Tunisia, Khamias wasarrestedinMilan and Bilal Othman,suspectedofIsbat and bucketstoAfghan refugees the northernprovincesofAfghanis along withRussiaandTajikistan—hasde from Kuwaiticompanies,charities,and money andTreasury, the trace to trail Justice, attempting ofStates, Departments tofullyagreed cooperatewithU.S.inte monitor assetsthatmay be government ofKuwait has taken control inan ofallcharities attempt domestic to freeze the financial assets of terrorist and their supporters. In r countries may makeuns touristsvisitingU.S. and Jewish . Febr when hewascondemnedtodeathon was establishedwithintheU. government pledged $1milliontotheU.N. two and million overthenext one-half y Assistance toAfghanistan, Japan pled Agency Atthe (UNHCR)inPakistan. Afghan refugees, including 1,840tents Cultural Institute. 80 79 78

Agence France Press Agence FrancePress Chicago Tribune Kazakhstan. Japan. Lebanon. Latvia. Kyrgyzstan. Kuwait. Jordan. In human assistance to Afghanista In to assistance human In Afghanistan, Ja to assistance Administration officials have Administration After being arrested in Syria, Raed Hijazi was extradited toJordan, OnOctober16,2001,Lebanese aut 78 , October8,2002. In theJuly 2002, Police inMilanarrestedninepeopleoncharges Under the U.N. World Food Program Kyrgyzstan UndertheU.N.World (WFP), — In a show of continuedsupportforthewaronterrorism, of Inshow a , May 8,2003. , November 14,2002. cheduled landings. filteredtoterroristgroups N. DevelopmentProgram (UNDP). ed associateofAtta,was li. Inli. Februaryan BenKhamias, 2002,EssidSami for emergency postwarrelief. in April 2001. Hewasalsotried in April tan foremergency postwarrelief. CRS-16 ged to provide $250 million in 2002 and $500 gedand toprovide$250millionin2002 International Confer organizations toterroristgroups. 79 ears. OnDecember22,2001,theJapanese rist network,andsentencedto20years in al-Ansar membership andcharged with membership al-Ansar and 18,000blanketstotheU.N.Refugee r-agency teams,including FBI, IRS, and uary2002 forplanning attacksagainst11, pers toAlQaedamembers,including Said Hijazihasalsob livered 16,500tonsofflourandwheat to Afghanistan Interim Authoritythat Fund nt airport to Norway to for andDenmark airport nt pan has provided relief suppliesfor pan hasprovidedrelief praised Kuwaitforactionstakento n, Latvia hassent horities arrested 80 Underthisprovision,thetwo . Kuwait’s government has government . Kuwait’s convicted inItalian court. ence onReconstruction een linked toseveral of ecent months, the months, ecent blankets, candles, Daniel Samarji in absentia in http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Islamiah. InIslamiah. December2001andJanuary abetting the 9/11hijackers, planningBali the attacks, and making bombsforJemaah - KMM),including SejahratulDursina,wi grouplinked totheAlQaedate extremist suspects belong toagroup ontheU.S.listofterroristorganizations. Act allowsauthoritiestode Sufaat. Yazid Qaeda,including Al to linked suspects Moroccan authoritiesarrestedalleged Al aseniorAlQaedaleaderand Zubair, to extradition Syria. his Moroccan Police and national security. 2003. Killings of‘Nonbelievers’ by LocalExtremists,”Earlier planning terrorist acts andtrading arms. acts planning terrorist 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 called ‘nonbelievers’.” identified asMoroccansandallegedly conn all 14suspects, eightofthe arrested investigators Moroccan Casablanca. in target foraterroristattack.OnMa States. United charged withconspiracyQaeda,who was laterAl toconspire extradited tothe with National Army TrustFund. 41 dead.Local fundamentalistsarerepor operatives, andhasseized Additionally, theLithuanian government ha assi allocated emergency humanitarian Ibid. B.“Most ofSuicideBomb Richburg,Keith The Miami Herald CNN.com NewsMax.com The Independent CNN.com Such cooperative efforts led to the the to Such cooperativeeffortsled Morocco. Malaysia. Lithuania. Luxembourg. , October8,2002. , April18,2002. 83 In April2002,Malaysian policea , October16,2001. In October 2002,Malaysian forces Ontheheels of the 2003 Riyadh In assistance to Afghanistan,In to assistance 85 , September 16,2002. , September 8,2002. Luxembourg madefinancial 86

terroristsfundswiredtoaLithuanian bank. tain withouttrialanyone y 17,2003, suicidebombing CRS-17 associate ofAbuZubaydah. In 2002, June rror network(Malaysia Mujahiddeengroup 81 arrest ofMohamme tedlybe believedto ers Identified asMoroccans;Links Sought to Lebanese authorities claim that the two Qaeda members, including Zuhair Hilal Qaeda members, 2002, Malaysian author stance funding forAfghan refugees. fe of Yazid Sufaat, whoissuspectedof Sufaat, Yazid fe of s arrested alleged Hamas and Hizballah ected to “earlier killings of people it people ected to“earlierkillings of 87 Moroccan officials detained Abu detained Moroccanofficials attacks, Morocco becamethenext rrested 14 membersofanIslamic the Lithuanian government has arrestedAhmed Ibrahim Bilal, 84 contributions totheAfghan contributions The Washington Post Malaysia’s Internal Security it suspects ofthreatening suspects it behindthe bombings d HeidarZammar by s left approximately ities detained47 82 , May 19, http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 team, was arrested inthe Netherlands after being extradited fromIran. Amor ben2002, Mohamed Berkous, Jerome Mohammed eightarrested people suspected ofrecruiting combatants forAlQaeda, including in Paris and a U.S.military base inBelgium. suspected Beghal of working forDjamel and waterprojectsinAfghanistan areunderway. Botkhak elementary schoolinKabul.Plan three schools inKabul. The Netherla the Netherlands Armed Forces and the Afghanistan Interim Authority, have rebuilt Afghanistan. Ghamdi. Mohamed al-Tbaithi, Hilal 93 92 91 90 89 88 peacekeeping force,whichcontinuedto Zealand wasthefirstnon-Europeancountr Cons U.N. contributed about$480,000tothe $120,000 forNewZealand NGOactivitiesinAfgh U.N. Immediate and the identified in Courtailler isthe alleged leader ofthe Rotterdam AlQaeda cell. has already beendisbursed. million forhumanitarian and reconstruction assistance toAfghanistan, mostofwhich ISAF untilAugust 11,2003.SinceSeptemberthe Netherlands has pledged $153 intelligence-gateway network.NewZeal station Zealand’s monitoring Waihopai provided tactical airlift and humanitarian provided tacticalairliftand Norwegian personnel.In ajointunitw thei and Kandahar andBagram airfields experts. the deployment ofmineclearing NewZealand in and Rome. cyanide Embassies U.S. to threats cooperating with Italian and U.S. officials to investigate potential links between OnJuly 25,2003,theNetherlandsembassy provided currentfigures onassistanceto Ibid. CNN.com The Times The Columbian Agence FrancePresse Besides assistancecharged toAfghanistan, four men Dutchhave authorities New Zealand hasalsobeenforthco New Zealand. The Netherlands. Norway. 88 , June 17,2002. , June , February 28,2002. Besides military support, Norway is , September 3,2002. NewZealand is contributing about$190,000toprojects , September 14, 2002. Germany and the Netherlands arethe of injointcommand 89 Jaber Aouad al- Assiri, a Aouadal-Assiri, Jaber CivilMilitary Operations Sliti, the alleged leader of an Al Qaeda assassination Courtailler, SaaidIbrah CRS-18 Transitional Assistan nds CMO has builta providepersonnelsupportthrough 2002. ith the Netherlands and Denmark, Norway ith theNetherlandsandDenmark, in France withtargeting the U.S.embassy r surroundings werecleared ofminesby s tofinanceandrebu Anareaof750,000squaremetersatthe assistance.Norway hasalsodonated is partofthefive-nationECHELON ming support.New withintelligence 90 On August 30,2002,Dutchauthorities and’s counter-terro y to join yAfghanistan’s to international olidated AppealforAfghanistan. New anistan. NewZealand has already participating in theISAF with nd Abdullahnd M’Sfer Ali al- (CMO), in cooperation with (CMO), in im, andAmineMezbar. ce Program andabout playground at Lycee ild additional schools ild additional 92 rism police are rism police OnFebruary 27, 93 91 http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Pakistan; attacks and alleged tobeat plotter; 14carbomb attackontheU.S.consulate; the June Tekrik-i-Nifaz-i-Shariat-Mohammadi. including Lashkar-e-Tayyiba,Jaish-e-M custody.American outla hasalso Pakistan including Binalshibh, friend Ramzi and roo rehabilitation ofAfghan refugees. joint-venture Premier-She Afghanistan, Pakistanpledged todonate Afghanistan SupportGroup. effort. OnJanuary 1,2002,Norway becam Afghanistan, Norway pledged $40millionto accounts ofaKuwaiticharity,Lajna al-Dawah Afghan army.the supplies andequipmentfora 700-man light in 99 98 97 96 95 94 suspect; custody.Qaeda anAl Otherarrestsin2002included:AbdulWahid, U.S. in Qaeda mastermind andreported leadership thatofKhalidShai war onterrorwas Qaeda members,a number ofarrests.to which led The mostsignificant arrest tothe In doing so,Pakistaniofficialsbelieve Pakistani authoritiesfound150kg ofexplosiv involvement inthebombing oftheU bi Mohammad Waleed Qaeda,including Al Qaeda. Al to

Reuters World MarketsResearchCentre Los AngelesTimes The Independent Ibid. U.S. NewsandWorld In Tokyo attheInternational Conf Pakistan. At theTokyo International Confer Pakistan has provided broad-basedfor CIA support and FBI searches for Al In AprilandMay 2003, Pakistan arrested 97 95 SheikhAhmedSalim,whoreportedly , October24,2002. 98 six Islamic six whoallegedly militants, including Sharib Ahmad, organized and Abu Zubeida, Al Qaeda’s logistical planner fortheSeptember11 planner andAbuZubeida, AlQaeda’slogistical At the request of the United Nati AttherequestofUnited , September 16, 2002. , April1,2002.

Report ll Pakistan has committed $200 million in aid forthe ll Pakistanhascommitted$200millioninaid op lieutenant of OsamabinLaden.lieutenant op , September 30, 2002. , March1,2003. CRS-19 they foiled a major Al Qaeda attack. they Qaedaattack. Al amajor foiled kh Mohammed,aseniormemberoftheAl SS Cole and the . 11 SS ColeandtheSeptember $100 millionoverfiveyears,the private and wed a number of extremists’ organizations, ohammed, Tehrik-i-Jafria Pakistan,and ohammed, Tehrik-i-Jafria erence on Reconstruction Assistance to Assistance Reconstruction erence on ence on Reconstruction Assistance to Assistance ence onReconstruction mmate of Atta,an of theSeptember11attacks.Heisnow support theAfghanistan reconstruction es and200detonatorsinhispossession. e the chair ofthedonororganization chair e the n Attash.Bin Attashissuspectedof al-Islamia, which fantryrebuild battalioninaneffortto ten men suspected of having ties with ten mensuspectedofhaving ties ons, in 2003 Pakistan froze thebank 2003 Pakistanfroze in ons, directed andfundedAlQaedain directed 96 tensuspectedterrorists, alleged September11 99 Zubeida isnowin reportedly islinked 94 http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 23, 2002. Fight Against Terrorism,” NewsInternational related tocharges possession,butPhilippine ofexplosive court f the release the on March20,2002. bombing for theirroleinthecar suspects Afghanistan foritsreconstruction. terrorist activity inthe Tri-Border Area (TBA). effort, toinvestigate thepossibility of 104 103 102 101 100 holding twofakepassports Isla ofJemaah amember al-Ghozi, Rohman On April18,2002,Filipino authoritiessent Abu Sabaya, a top leaderofAbuSayyaf, to OsamabinLaden. have connections personnel following September11. permission, usesofmilitary f support totheUnited States, including financial authorities Chinahaspledged tocutofffina channels. andshar counter-terrorism consultations, consultationsoncombating expert-level established antiterrorism bureau inthe Ministry ofPublic Safety. of its“Strike Hard” anti-crime campaign, new giving impetus tothe newly- March war onterrorism,Chinaannouncedin 2003. substantiated by intelligence sources, according to characterized asaregional hubfor Hizballah andHamas fund-raising activity” although not “Indonesian militant seeks acquittalin Philippine court,” “Chinese Authorities Make Crime Terrorism Focus ofCrime Crackdown, “has long been thesharedborderofParaguay, TBA, The Brazil andArgentina, CNN.com Associated Press Peru. thatitwillprovide$150millioninassistanceto announced China also Paraguay. The Filipino government hasbeencombating AbuSayyaf,The Filipino government agroup knownto Philippines. Besides supportonintelligence matters,U. People’s RepublicofChina(PRC). 104 OnMay 25,2002,thePeruvianpoli , April19,2002. of Abdul Jamal Balfas and Tamsil Linrung forinsufficientevidence Balfas ofAbdulJamal andTamsilLinrung Paraguay has joined withArgentina and Brazil, ina collaborative , March 11, 2003. Jiang Zhuqing, March11,2003.Jiang Frontline andLiuLi,”China Joins , June 12,2002. , June President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo committed Gloria her country’s President full 102 have directedbankstos China Daily and possessionofexplosives. acilities, logistical support, , March11,2003. CRS-20 Hezbollah andHamasf intelligence sharing, , which took place outside the U.S. Embassy , whichtookplaceoutsidetheU.S. On June 21,2002,Filipino soldierskilled On June andcapturedsomeAbu Sayyaf members. terrorist financing, e informationthrough lawenforcement miah (JI), toup12years in prison for enced Indonesian Fathur bombexpert ncial flowstoterrorists. In Macau, earch forterroristaccounts. 2003 thatterrorismwouldbe the focus In reneweddipl Patterns ofGlobalTerrorism2002, 100 S. andPRCofficials regularly hold ce arrestedthreeShining Path Agence France-Presse food, medicine,andmedical 103 PresidentArroyo ordered unconditional overflight conductsemiannual und-raising andother omatic support tothe omatic ound Agus Dwikarna ound Agus 101 ” DowJones , August April http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Afghanistan. In January the Salang Tunnel,atunne movement ofland,air,andna rifles, 300,000roundsofammunition, Romania hascontributedalarge quantity untilDecember 2003.Inwas extended s Manilia. arrested Abdulmukim,the alleged head of Santos. General April bombattacksin suspected member ofJemaah Islamiah, was arrested for allegedly taking part inthe of food and 2,100 tons of medicine to medicine of of foodand2,100tons Russiahas the war zone. to assistance forhumanitarian corridors air Russian governmentopenedthree also The Russian central regionfor delivery ofAfghanistan passage acrossPianjRiver, 2002, ajointRussian-Germanprojectco transportation ofthousands which killedaU.S.specialforcessoldierinOctober2002. guilty ofexplosives violations. 110 109 108 107 106 105 donated over$13millioninhumanita Taiwan-based September 11attacks. over$100millioninaid of Taiwandonated National Army andapromis following new Philippine intelligence reports that Hussain has linkstoAbuSayyaf. Affairs toaskIraqi diplomatHushamHu Agency 2, 2002. “Taiwan Has MadeSignificant C Maglalang, FerdieJ. “BushLaudsArroyo,” “American, Filipino Soldier Killed inZambo Blast, 21Injured,” The Washington Post U.S. NewsandWorld Report CNN.com Russia. Romania has also established a National Coordination Center tofacilitate the Romania. Republic of China(Taiwan). Republic Qatar. Bush laudedthedecisionof President , January 25,2003. , January 107 Other bombings subsequently occurred inMindanao cities, including one , May 12,2002. In terms of assistance to Afghanistan, Qatar has provided aid tothe In terms ofassistance toAfghanistan,provided Qatar has In assistance to Afghanistan, Russia hascleaned In Russia Afghanistan, to assistance out andreconstructed Romania’s motorized infantryRomania’s battalion serving inAfghanistan , November 15,2002. 2002, the which openedacontinuousr l connecting the northern and southern provincesof southern and l connecting thenorthern e tobuildtwohospitals. , September 30,2002. tons of food, medicine, a medicine, tonsoffood, val forcesofNATOcountries. 105 On September 14, 2002, Usakar Mukawat, a OnSeptember14,2002,UsakarMukawat, ontributions toWaronTerrorism,” CRS-21 In assistance to Afghanistan, the government In Afghanistan, the to assistance rian andreliefsupplies. tunnel opened for regular traffic, allowing magazines andcleaning sets. already transported more than420,000tons nongovernmental organizations havealso ssain to leavethecountryssain February2003, 7, of training equipment: 1,000AK-47assault training of Afghanistan. In November2001,Russia 106 of international humanitarian assistance. mpleted the construction of a pontoon mpleted theconstructionofa the explosives team for for in team theexplosives upport of the Afghan NationalArmy,Afghan the upport of In October2002,Filipino authorities Manila Bulletin the PhilippineDepar to Afghanistan andvictimsofthe nd supplies.Also,in January oute from Tajikistantothe , February 13,2003. 108 110 Minda News

tment ofForeign Central News Central , October 109 http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 commitment to redouble an commitment toredouble Minister GohChockTong inWashingt years. three next overthe Afghanistan Afghanistan, SaudiArabiapledged Islamic Foundation, inSo early March2002,shutdown branchesof activity.to terrorist In thefirstsuchjo investigate fundra and indicatesplansto identified terroristgroups. TheSaudiregime use ofPrinceSultanAirBase for coordi for U.S.operations.Repor support logistical intelligence information and has allowed overflights, refueling and operations, Arabia, home tothe binLaden family, reportedly with provided the United States Arabia andothermiddleeastern in Saudi only. investigators,FBI agents have been limited toinspection ofthe Riyadh blast area thought toberesponsiblefortheRiyadh bombings. uncovering alarge w suspected hideout, details ofSaudicoope strategically significant advice regarding January 2002,thehospitalwasturnedovertolocalauthorities. in established thefirstcoalitionhospital 112 111 unclear. remains number ofarrests w havebeenidentified 30suspects least at Arabia Saudi attackers. and nine Americans whichleftnearlyArabia, 34dead,includingcompounds inRiyadh, eight Saudi againstMay terrorismfollowing the Afghanistan. ofcave maps in hassupplied complexes Afghanistan.Russia in combat experiences Qaeda,” Associated Press Ibid. Simpson, Cam. “Saudis arrest4inblasts;Suspects, some deadattackers linked toAl Singapore. In International Tokyo Conf the at f the restrict to havemoved Saudis suggest the reports that Recent Although haverecently theSaudis withU.S. beenmorecooperative Russian special forces and former Soviet special forceshavepassedon special Soviet forcesandformer special Russian 112 Saudi Arabia. Still,theSaudigovernment andtheUn Chicago Tribune , June 14,2003. , June A joint statement issued by issued Prime BushandSingapore’s Ajoint statement President Saudi Arabia pledged to increase cooperationinthefight SaudiArabiapledgedincrease to ration inresponsetointernal , May 19,2003;“SaudisArrestFi malia andAlbania. titerrorism efforts both bilaterally and through 111 12, 2003bombings housing ofthreeWestern CRS-22 $220 million in humanitarian assistanceto $220 millioninhumanitarian int U.S.-Saudidesign EarlieronMay 6,2003,policeraideda on on May 7, 2003 reaffirmed Singapore’s on May 7,2003reaffirmed Kabul, treating morethan6,000patients.In Operation Enduring Freedom basedontheir nation ofairoperationsoverAfghanistan. ising andmoney laundering asaconnection eapons cache,linkedtothesamemilitants countries. PriortotheMay attacks,Saudi erence on Reconstruction Assistance to Assistance erence onReconstruction theRiyadh-based Al-Hartman charity, ith links to thebombings, butthetotal to links ith ts indicate that Saudi Arabia allowed the allowed Arabia ts indicatethatSaudi ’s Interior Minister Nayef reportedthat has frozen terroristassets hasfrozen in thecountry ited Statescontinuetopublicly limit criticism oftheforeign presence ve Moreinbombing Probe,” ation, SaudiArabia,in unding of http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 laundering. Muslim groups in Singapore and introduc Minister Aznar stated that police thwarted a ‘major terrorist attack’. terrorist a‘major thwarted police that stated Aznar Minister and economicinfrastructure.In March2002, help to used month period.Thiswillbe million. SouthKoreahasalsopledged $45 Diego Garcia to transport over45tonsof mine victims assistance. equipping and training theAfghan Nationa alleged involvementinplanstobomb December 2001,Singapore’s InternalSecurity terror’. referred tothearrestsasan‘extraordi Aznar involved morethan150antiterrorismpolice Qaeda. In January 2003,Spainarrested16su projects inAfghanistan and willopen a Korean mission in Kabul. residentwill serve official. He as liaison forthe SouthKorea’s reconstruction International Cooperation Agency(KOICA), forrepor had beenarrestedinAugust announced thearrestof21men,allegedly seven truckbombings against theU.S Q Al Police detained13membersofan multilateral organizations. 118 117 116 115 114 113 including YusufGalanand ImadBa Eddin Inau November2001,Spanish financier, forced toleaveSyria due to Khai Abdalrahman Alarnaot,andMohamed suspected AlQaedamembersofSyri States tofacemilitary OnJu tribunals. Spanish authorities are reluctant toextradite AlQaeda terrorist suspects to the United Ibid. The Christian ScienceMonitor BBC News The Miami Herald U.S. NewsandWorld Report Agence France-Presse Slovenia. Singapore has also taken measures tocombat terrorism include banning militant South Korea. Spain. Although Spain provides police intellig Although Spainprovidespolice 116 Bomb-making materials werefoundat Bomb-making materials Spainhasapprehendedover20indivi , January 24,2003. , January Sloveniadonatedover80 , September 8,2002. South Korean C-130shavefl South , May 7,2003. 113 On September , September 30,2002. thorities arrested18member , July 17,2002. , July hismembershipintheMuslimBrotherhood. CRS-23 several Americans tedly planning tobombU.S.embassies. an origin, including Ghasoub al-Abrash, Ghasoub an origin, including ., Israeli, andAustralianembassies. rebuildAfghanistan’ ly 17,2002,Spanishpolicearrestedthree aeda-linked group thatplannedastring of humanitarianrelief supplies valued at $12 rakat Yarkas(a.k.a. members of Jemaah Islamiah. Themen Islamiah. members ofJemaah metric tonsofarms l Army. It alsoprovidedde-mining and narily important strike inthewaragainst million in aid toAfghanistan overa 30- ence supporttothewaronterrorism, was dispatched to Kabulserveasa dispatched was spected terrorists inamajorraidthat terrorists spected r. Khair wasanallegedQaeda r. Khair Al Kim Sang-tae, directoroftheKorea Kim Sang-tae, officers. Prime Minister Jose Maria MinisterJose Prime officers. Departmentarrested15suspectsfor ing legislation topreventmoney ing 16, 2 thesceneofarrest,andPrime own 18flights betweenSeouland duals thought to have links to Al duals thoughtto tohavelinks 002, Si ites inSingapore. s of two AlQaeda cells, of s ngaporean authorities Abu Dahdah),alleged s medical,education, andammunitionfor 117 115 In 114 118 http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Tokyo. at the International Conference toAfghanistan onReconstruction in Assistance International Foundation, whic the UnitedStatesrecordsofaSwiss flight fromStockholmtoEngland. supporter, wasarrestedforcarrying ag United Statesanditsallies.OnAugust military action,buthascontributedtothe probable associateofAtta. authorities have Mohammed also Bensakhria, arrested aide tobinLaden and Zammar, whorecruitedMohammedA September 11attacksonthe United States leader ofAlQaeda’sthe committed Spanish who cells.recruithelped Yarkaspilots 122 121 120 119 between thetwocountries. officialssignedand Swiss anewaccord thecountry’sreinforce commitmenttothe 2002,theSwissattorn Also inSeptember in assetspossibly connected to the Talib financing, andbyit 2002, September terrorist financing. resolutions Switzerland onterroristU.N. complied withthe aglobal centerforbankingSwitzerland, and lists pursuant toU.N.resolutions. Sweden hasfrozenfundsand proposals tostrengthen theinstrumentsto participant inthemultilatera U.N. Security Council’ssanc andKabul. between Jalalabad cons a locally workforcebegan recruited pledged over$13million in assistance. In the fall of2002,Swedishengineers and International ConferenceonReconstruc and reconstructiona humanitarian aid Times Sands, David R. “Swiss attorneyR. generalcash,” David saysof Sands, binLadenhaslots “Swissholds$22mln in‘terror’ funds,” U.S. NewsandWorld Report Pais El In assistancetoAfghanistan, Sw Sweden. Switzerland. St andchairing the hosting is Sweden haspledged $100millionin Sweden In termsofaidtoAfghanistan, , September 5,2002. , October15,2002. Asaneutralcountry, Sweden is Despite policies ofneutrality and customer confidentiality, 122 l Financial ActionTaskFor l Additionally,Januaryon 2003,Swissauthoritiesgave , September 30, 2002. assets belonging toentitie h isbelievedtohave tions more effective. Sweden is also an active tions moreeffective.Swedenisalso 120 had frozen 72bankaccountsand$22.64million frozen had CRS-24 29, 2002, KerimChatty, analleged Al Qaeda account ownedbyBenevolence theIslamic itzerland pledged $18 millionovertwoyears ssistance fortheperiod2002-2004.At tta for the September 11 September forthe attacks. tta an, binLaden,Qaeda. andsupportersofAl Reuters News Reuters un when he attemptedtoboardaRyanairhe un when . He had contactswithMohammedHaydar tion Assistance to Afghanistan, Sweden to Assistance tion global war on terrorism.Tothisend,U.S. truction ofthreebridges along theroad improving andincreasing cooperation combat terrorism financing. Tothisend, combat ey general visitedWashington, D.C.to ISAF andsharedintelligence withthe ockholm Process,aime finance, tookstrict prohibited from taking partinany links withAlQaeda. , September 12, 2002. ce, andhassupportedrecent s and individualsnamedon s measuresagainst d atmaking the 119 Washington Spanish 121 http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 including AlQaeda.” betw isakeylink far...and thatHijazi biggest was the so catch capture “Hijazi’s that said Woolsey, CIA former director, “responsible foroverseeing foreign Bush, isbelieved tobe the number three person inIraq’s intelligence apparatus, George President against former plot assassination the in Iraqi spy” andasuspect Taha toEgypt. deportation toSyria. eight monthsinjail forillegally entering by followed the United States tobe possible AlQaedaconnections.InAugu targeted by Iraqi fora agents sleeper-cell intelligence reports, which reported that Thailand was onefollowing of11nations Bangkok inOctober2003.Nationally, Thaila building effortsinpreparationforthea Morocco. Syria to from whohadbeenextradited 11attacks, September the in accomplice Mohammedarrested Heidar Zammar, an associate ofMohammed Atta and Hijazi toU.S.authoritiesatth 128 127 126 125 124 123 10,000 blanketstoAfghan through the U.N.F World established betweenIndonesia, antiterrorism measures.Itinvol also is m reinforcing identifying assets, terrorist to block financialflowsto Thailand has expressed intere Thailand hasexpressed GROUP, andisamemberoftheAs the multilateralc “Thailand Among “Thailand 11Countrieson Iraq’s Hit List,” Ibid. Ibid. The New York Times York New The Times York New Los AngelesTimes Taiwan. Syria has also reportedly shared extensive intelligence on Islamic radicals with Thailand. Syria. In terms ofaidtoAfghanistan, Tha The Thai government also pledged toexchange intelligence information inorder 127 In a renewed show of cooperati Inof arenewedshow Syrian officials extradited bin Laden aide and associate Rifai Ahmed Rifai Laden andassociate aide bin Syrian extradited officials SeeRepublicofChina. Thailand is spearheading APEC counter-terrorism capacity- , September 4,2002. ooperation onanti-money launde , April26,2003. 125 126 , June 19,2002. , June

In 2002,Syrian June officialsannouncedthatthey had istan inNovember2001. terrorists. The Thai gove ood Program a e Iraqi borderinlateApril 2003. st injoining the intelligence-sharing network recently Malaysia, andthePhilippines. CRS-25 covert operationsforHussein.” covert nnual APECleaders’meeting scheduledfor ved inoperation and c oney laundering legisla st 2002,Nabilal-Marabhwassentenced to ttacks followingIraq. thein U.S.-led war ia-Pacific GrouponMoney Laundering. een Husseinandterroristorganizations, iland donated 3,000 metric tons ofrice tons iland donated3,000metric nd the Thai Red Cross Society donated on, Syrian authoritiesdeliveredFarouk nd tightened its antiterrorismmeasures Straits Times rnment’s cooperationincludes ring, calledtheEGMONT 123 oordination effortsof , April1,2003. tion, and passing new Hijazi, “a long time 124 James 128 http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 States. Samemauthorities Zirda, extradited alleged AlQaeda member, tothe United arrested in connection forthe AprilBombing ofa synagogue inDjerba. to 20years inprison. militants and training them inAfghanistan. The court sentenced these men toeight 2002, including contactswiththenetwork’ The suspectsincludedMustafaHasa believed suspects to have been en route Israelto carry to attack. bomb asuicide out 134 133 132 131 130 129 Donald H. Rumsfeld commented that Turkmenistan’s significant contribution tothe city toAndkhvoy ofTurkmenabad in agencies tosetupcross-borderoperations through Turkishbases. Inoperatives. FebruaryAl Qaeda 2002,Turk International Conferenceon combating terrorism.” transcendsdoublestanda that dialogue which allpartiesw international conference onterrorism to“establish an international code of ethics to $5 million over fiveyearsover forreconstr $5 million In Turkey Sea. Afghanistan, Mediterranean to the assistance in operations pledged in Italy inAprilforan alleged plotto Essid SamiBen Khemais(whomay haveknown arrest. house followed byof fiveyears sentencedtoeight yearswas inprison militant group linked toAlQaeda.Trabelsi 2002ofbeing a memb Trabelsi inJune March 5,2003. Ibid. Ibid. Calls foranInAli “President Ben BBC News Agence FrancePresse Reuters Tunisia. Turkmenistan. Notably, Turkey allowed the United States totransport Guantanamo detainees Turkey secu increased also ofintelligence-sharing,As aresult a Turkey. 132 Thesamecourtconvicted34Islamic , June 27,2002. , June , February 14,2002. Turkey assigned five ships to In early March2003,PresidentZine ill be committed. This codewill ill becommitted.This 133 129 Onthehumanitarianfront,TurkmenistanallowedU.N. Almost all ofthese suspects were tried in , September 14, 2002. Reconstruction AssistancetoAfghanistan inTokyo. rity along its borders, enabling borderguards toarrest ternational ConferenceonTerrorism,” n, AhmetMahmud,a CRS-26 launch apoisonchemicalattackinEurope. uction, basedoncommitme rds anddefinescommondenominatorsfor northern Afghanistan. DefenseSecretary 130 to move emergency aid from the eastern emergency move to the from aid er of al-Sunna walDjamaa,anIslamicer ofal-Sunna Tunisian military courtconvictedJaber

participate in NATOcounter-terrorism Additionally, Nawab was Belgacem s ‘Milan cell’ suspected ofrecruiting s ‘Milancell’suspected militants ofAlQaedalinksinJanuary ish officialsarrest the hijackerAtta),whowas arrested El Abidine Ben Alicalledforan help establisharesponsible nd Firas Suleiman. absentia ed threeAlQaeda nts madeatthe Africa News Africa 131 , including Tunisian 134 , http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 thought responsiblefortheslay other formsofhumanitarianassistance. substantial evidence, butU.S.authorities are stillpursuing Raissi as a suspect. of alack dueto released was He 11hijackers. September ofthe some trained On September21,2001,British authoritiesa leaders. British authoritiesagreedhave toextradite Makhloulif tothe United States. to Al Qaeda, including Qaeda Al Amar Makhloulif, accused ofbeing oneofBritain’s pledged anaidpackage worth$300,000.This and then intoAfghanistan. some aidgroups wereforcedtohauls bridge, reopening ofthe the to Prior people. Afghan the to assistance humanitarian Bridge at Termez, facilitatingAfghanistan, the the safe Friendship flowof NGOs. allocations toU.N.agencies, the Internationaland other Cross, Red the of Committee $85.5 million)hasbeenprovidedbyUK the fiveyearsover the next forreconstr Reconstruction AssistancetoAfghanistan toTokyo. Afghanistan, UAEpledged $36millionat Britain, France, andSomaliahavebeena Over 100foreigners fromcountriesincludi studying inthecountry’s religious schools sources reportthatYemenha September 11 attacks. Daoudi September 11attacks. Kamel Daoudiwasalsoarrested people.” humanitarian effortinAfghanistan “has 139 138 137 136 135 in October2001. chief, to was Qaeda’sParis France beAl Beghal, allegedextradited to Djamel front, intelligence, and assistance toAfghanistan. On the law enforcement and intelligence Kelley, Jack. “Yemen Arrests 30Militants,” The Guardian Toronto Star The Miami Herald AFIS Yemen. Uzbekistan. Vietnam. authorities ha Since September11,British . United Arab Emirates (UAE). , April28,2002. 135 FBI 30militants information led Yemeniof officials tothe arrest , January 8,2002. , January In termsofaidtoAfghanista , September 5,2002. 136 Uzbekauthoritiesreopenedthe Beghalhad beenarrestedby U.A.E.authoritiesinJuly 2001. , September 8,2002. Britain pledgedmillion (about$282million)inaid £200 s taken action to move against foreigners who are who s takenactiontomoveagainst foreigners ing ofAmerican missionaries. in October 2001 for playing alogistical roleinthe was extradited toParis. wasextradited uction. SinceSeptember11,£60million(about upplies on lengthy tripsthrough Turkmenistan CRS-27 The UAE support includes law enforcement, TheUAEsupportincludeslaw undoubtedly saved the lives oftheAfghan rrested anddeportedforoverstaying their and are thought to be tied to Al Qaeda. Al to and arethought tobetied ng Indonesia, Pakistan, Egypt, Libya,ngEgypt, Indonesia, Pakistan, package includesfood,medicines,and for humanitarianassistance,including USA Today theInternational Conferenceon n’s reconstruction,thegovernmentn’s rrested Lofti Raissi,whoallegedly ve arrestedelev country’s bordercrossing with , January 2,2003. , January 138 139 In termsofaidto en peopleconnected Official state news state Official 137 http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 a good faitheffort onthepartofYeme Qaeda ofAl leaders, capture the to lead in searchofsuspectedAlQaeda region December 2001,government forceslaunche andtheOctober2000attackonUSSCole.In Qaeda Al to suspected links bombing investigation.USS Cole Yeme down membersofAlQ track to attempting in a car explosion intheMaribprovince. in acarexplosion On November 2, 2002,QaedSenyan al-Harith questiona visas andforother 141 140 detained 20peopleinconnectionwiththe The Washington The Post,November 4,2002. Washington The Post,October 31,2002. Since September 11, Yemen ble activities.In late has increased itsintelligence cooperation by CRS-28 n tocooperateinthewaronterrorism. it demonstrated what isgenerally considered operatives. Although the offensive did not did operatives. Although theoffensive 141 attack onthe French oiltanker Limburg. ni authoritiesarrested85peoplewith aeda andstepping upcooperation inthe

i (a.k.a.AbuAli) wa d operations inthecountry’sd operations Marib October 2002,Yemeniauthorities s reportedly killed 140 http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 with Al Qaeda,have not been arre Mamoun Darkazanli Mohammedreport. and alth Belfas, the throughout discussed are arrests Other attacks. 11 September the to linked those well as as wanted Note: [http News, Wanted in War on Terrorism, BBC Qaeda, Al in Who Who’s [http://www.efreedomnews.com]; [http://www.fbi.gov/mostwan Sources: ia i awnShaikh Siid bin Marwan Bilal utf he l—Hsw Yusuf Galan Mustafa Ahmed al—Hisawi ivnIaudn(abl)Raed Hijazi Ridvan Isamuddin (Hambali) b asteMuiain Abd al-Libi al-Iraqi Abu Hafs the Mauritanian oamdJmlKaiaMounir el-Motassadeq Mohammed Jamal Khalifa b oamda-ar b lRhma-ahr Abu Jafar al-Jaziri Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri Abu Mohammed al-Masri hra aa hraaOa lFrqHamza al-Qatari Omar al-Faraq Thirwat Salah Shirhata uamnAuGat Aa lLb Abu Salah al-Yemeni Anas al-Liby Sulaiman Abu Ghaith Shaikh Saiid al-Masei Ramzi Binalshibh Mohammed Saleh Mohammed Binalshibh Ramzi al-Masei Saiid Shaikh Mohamed Bensakhria Kamel Daoudi Kamel Bensakhria Mohamed afu udWldAbu Zubair Haili Mahfouz Ould Walid b lAi lJmlAhmad Omar Abdel-Rahmn Mohammed Omar Abdel-Rahman Abd al-Aziz al-Jamal Abu Basir al-Yemeni iwa saudnZacarias Moussaoui Ridwuan Islamuddin ha ada-arIbn al-Shaykh al-Libi Ahmad Saidal-Kadr b ua aqw osnFAbu Ali Harthi Mohsen F Abu Musab Zarqawi ya lZwhr b uadhAl-Qaed Senyan al-Harthi Ayman al-Zawahiri Suspects include those individuals appearing on the U.S. terrorist’s list and the FBI most the listand FBI the on individuals U.S.terrorist’s appearing those include Suspects Mohammed Mohammed Sheikh Khalid Laden bin Osama David Courtailler David Zakariya Essabar Nizar Trabelsi NizarTrabelsi Saad bin Laden aa lJdw Abdul Rahim Riyadh Saqar al-Jadawi ihtMri Tawfiq Attash Khallad ada-hrfRichard Reid Saad al-Sharif mna-a Homamed Sadeek Odeh Amin at-Haq Saif al-Adel Tariq Anwar Tariq al-Sayyid Ahmad Mohammed Haydar Zammar Saif al-Adel Sa’id Bahaji Djemal Beghal Djemal Bahaji Sa’id adKar Mohammed Salah Zaid Khayr Abu Walid Nabil al-Marabh Nabil Abu Walid tLreCpue Presumed Dead orKilled Captured At-Large Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Most Wanted Terrorists, Table 1.StatusofKey Al Qaeda-LinkedSuspects t/terrorists/fugitives.htm].EfreedomNews, Al and the Qaeda Taliban, USA Today sted due to insubstantial due to sted evidence. Imad Eddin Barakat Yarkas Barakat Eddin Imad Essid Sami Benkhemais Essid , March 3,2003. Abu Qatada Abu CRS-29 ough generally presumed to haveconnections to generally presumed ough ://www.bbc.co.uk]; and ://www.bbc.co.uk]; http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 March 20,2003. Note: * The table lists only those pledges that have been formally confirmed. Source: ..3.0 80000020.000 55.825 220.937 0.000 0.000 7.825 6.000 0.000 43.237 0.000 14.700 58.000 0.000 0.000 411.804 0.000 70.903 0.500 38.500 0.000 0.000 38.000 5.000 0.000 0.000 190.867 15.078 9.103 0.673 0.000 0.500 0.000 21.518 0.000 5.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 10.000 TOTAL 3.103 1.650 0.673 1.000 U.S. 72.167 1.000 UK 0.000 6.818 0.000 10.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 10.000 Turkey 0.000 0.000 Switzerland 0.000 33.667 11.000 Sweden 1.000 2.500 5.000 Saudi Arabia 17.000 0.200 2.500 2.000 Norway 2.650 1.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.000 Netherlands Luxembourg 0.000 10.386 2.500 17.000 2.500 Portugal 0.200 0.000 1.000 0.200 Kuwait 5.000 2.792 21.068 Korea 10.386 0.000 Japan MoFA Japan MoF 0.000 10.068 10.000 2.792 Italy 27.780 Ireland 0.504 Iran India 0.000 5.000 Germany 17.394 0.504 Finland Commission European Denmark Canada Bahrain Table 2.Afghanistan ReconstructionTrust Fund(ARTF) Donor* Solar Year represents Afghanistan’s budgeting cycle, which begins March 21,2002and ends World Bank, [http://www.worldbank.org/artf] Bank, World Actual andExpectedDonorContributions Total Paid-in Total (3/21/2002- 3/20/2003) SY1381 5806.4 50651.876 15.026 67.746 15.870 (Afghan Million US$ Year) Solar (As of May 31,2003) Expected CRS-30 SY1381 SY1382 Total (3/21/2003- 3/20/2004) Paid-in Expected SY1382 http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Afghanistan X Afghanistan aaaXCommand unit, 50personnel X Deployed peacekeepers and Canada One officer CENTCOM, to Bulgaria Maintains fighter units on X ISAF to military soldiers 30 72 ISAF to personnel X Belgium Bahrain Azerbaijan Austria 850-1,300 Australia Elite Albania Table 3.DirectForeignMilitary -RelatedSupport(Offeredor onr Combat Country Provided) fortheU.S.-LedWarinAfghanistan troops special forces Services, 150 Special Air troops; elite forces and 30special detachment commando Troops a a CENTCOM to representatives offered troops to ISAF, and National command element, Rakkasan with 830personnel deployed as part of TF and light infantry group battle support to Operation Apollo, administrative and logistical Support Unit provides of JTF-2, 175National ground forces in acomponent specialized at CENTCOM, support ISAF decontamination unit to Biological, Chemical (NBC) 40-person Nuclear, Force Base security efforts atTinker Air aircrews to support homeland troops to ISAF, and four deputy chief of operations, 50 as Center Control Movement one to Regional Air combat airpatrols continuous provide to alert Non-Combat Units Military Equipment Military Units Non-Combat CRS-31 C-130 aircraft and maritime aircraft, patrol range long Orion two P-3 amphibious landing ship, crew), two frigates, aircraft (with support crew), four F/A-18 aircraft (with support Two KB 707tanker Army National Afghan equip one battalion of the mortars, and shells to Small arms, ammunition, vehicles armored reconnaissance COYOTE and 12 CP 140Aurora aircraft, three C-130 aircraft, two ships, CC 150Polaris, humanitarian assistance fighter three jets, Force planes, CF-18 Air six helicopters, King Sea several warships, Six an assistance basis arms and ammunition on Interim Government with and supplied Afghan equipment construction Access toexcavation and maintenance with crew, including C-130 Air Force aircraft http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Germany 3,900 troops 3,900 Germany Liaison team CENTCOM to 4,200troops Two explosive detection Liaison officers to France representatives Three to X Finland Estonia 77C-130 aircraft crew and Ethiopia Egypt Denmark Republic Czech onr Combat Country special forces) (including Kyrgyzstan Airfield in and Manas Afghanistan to Troops a ISAF crews, and 1,200soldiers to medical crew; AWAC NATO 50 reconnaissance crew; staff) hospital and pilots, ground troops, helicopter ISAF (areas of mine clearing, battalion, and 520troops to army Afghan an training 60 French instructors for 15 personnel to CENTCOM, unit with officers 30 and civil-military cooperation operations canine units for airbase CENTCOM CENTCOM and ISAF staff mine clearing, military police, troops to ISAF, working in personnel at CENTCOM, 34 operation forces troops, five personnel, 100special troops battalion of Czech and Slovak joint a through Balkans the and peacekeeping troops in doctors) to support ISAF, medical personnel (including unit on antiterrorism, 150 protection, special task force trained in anti-chemical CENTCOM, 250specialists personnelThree at Non-Combat Units Military Equipment Military Units Non-Combat CRS-32 evacuation Airbus A130) (medical Hospital” vehicles, and “Flying armored reconnaissance maritime aircraft, and ships Combat Manas to refueling deployed for aerial and two KC-135 aircraft and mission air support, humanitarian assistance and C-130 for assets, refuelers, C-160 planes, airreconnaissance six Mirage-2000 fighter Only group, battle carrier Manas to contingent Danish of part as handlers cargo Ten 16 aircraft to Manas C-130 Aircraft and six F- ArmyNational Afghan the to uniforms cargo and transport persons and TU-154 aircraft to 1,000 military http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Jordan Lativa Kyrgystan Kuwait Kenya Kazakhstan Japan unit Health Italy Ireland Hungary utml 30soldiers as partof Guatemala personnel Three at Greece Country Kyrgyzstan to soldiers Pledged 12 Gulf 1,475 sent to the and offered, 1,000 additional 2,700 troops, Combat Troops CENTCOM Five to representatives CENTCOM representativesThree to CENTCOM Liaison officer to training for CENTCOM to Officers hospital in Mazer-e-Sharif medical support at a officer toRAMCC, and planning unit, mine clearing “Aardvark” CENTCOM, two to representatives peacekeeping operations, Offered troops for refueling Ocean toprovide at-sea dispatched tothe Indian support, 1,200personnel Forces) provided logistical 1,500 troops (Self-Defense in ISAFparticipating personnel Seven work humanitarian for contingent Central American support team 112 men, and 56security engineering company of (AOR), CENTCOM to team of Navy commandos officer deployed to Bahrain, RAMCC, Naval one liaison operations officer of the officer assigned as force air one CENTCOM, Military medics to ISAF Ten cargo handlers cargo Ten Military medics ISAF to the runway Bagramto of the for repair engineering team deployed inparticipating ISAF, and CENTCOM, 400troops 13personnel at Non-Combat Units Military Equipment Military Units Non-Combat CRS-33 airlift support and U-4 aircraft provided supply ships, C-130 fleet, destroyers,Three two oiler aircraft transport vehicles, and two C-130 engineering 64 sorties, two more vessels, Air Force offered ship, countermine Aegean Hawk helicopter, members), one S-70 BA Frigate (with 210crew 124, and one IL-76 one Boeing 707,one AN- group, three C-130 aircraft, weapons, battle carrier biological and chemical and vehicles tocheck for transport planes, warships reconnaissance and regiment, Armored http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Qatar Poland Portugal Norway New Zealand NetherlandsThe Malaysia Macedonia Lithuania Country troops Service (SAS) Special Air troops Offered 1,400 Troops Combat CENTCOM representativesThree to and three technicians three nurses,two doctors, ISAF, medical team with personnel deployed to eight CENTCOM, Liaison representatives to crews demining platoon forces; and Polish engineers and logistics combatat CENTCOM; five personnel specialists); and biological weapons military engineers, chemical 275 troops (including unit) experts and an engineering mine clearing (including 20 personnel to ISAF special forces;CENTCOM; at personnel six Afghanistan, in operations 162 personnel to support Pakistan in Afghan refugees Medical team tohelp contingent Turkish the ISAF as partof the in part taking officers Two CENTCOM to representative operation forces, and field hospital, 40special personnel as partof aCzech military12 medical staff officers in the ISAF. ISAF. the in officers staff ISAF, and six personnel are loading team to support the air seven-person ISAF, in participate soldiers 30 with Orion) aP-3C in United Arab23 Emirates andtank/transport aircraft, one in with Qatar aKDC-10 in Kyrgyzstan with aC-130, the HNLMS Van Galen, 30 with aP-3C Orion, 166on in the Carribean (35 ships naval and aircraft various personnel accompanied militaryCENTCOM, ISAF, personnel at 224 military personnel to 485 personnel, including Equipment Military Units Non-Combat CRS-34 15 personnel maintenance team, including C-130 with crew and army Afghan the supplies and equipment for aircraft toManas, and transport aircraft, six F-16 15 hardened vehicles, C-130 logistics humanitarian efforts and C-130 aircraft for flights out humanitarian assistance Manas, and C-130 carried deployed six F-16 aircraft to minesweepers, asubmarine, planes, three frigates, two Six fighter planes, support http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Sweden Slovakia Russia Spain Korea South 450soldiers Romania Country personnel 450 military Troops Combat to theto ISAF distribution, and 31soldiers humanitarian aid logistical support for Agency toassist in Swedish Rescue Services professionals from the unit of 45to ISAF, 20 intelligenceCENTCOM, to Two representatives atBagram hospital maintained a50-person transport support; and helicopter support, and air disposal, logistics, explosive ordnance areas of engineering, ISAF to personnel in the European Command; 30 Headquarters and (PJHQ) Permanentto Joint officers staff CENTCOM; at personnel Nine and amobile field hospital reconnaissanceNBC units, special forces regiment, peacekeeping unit toISAF, strong 40 CENTCOM, Liaison officer to clearing experts mine and CENTCOM Liaison officers to engineers clearing equipment and ISAF; and mine and intelligence officers the to including policeand CENTCOM; 58troops, officersliaison to and 10staff officers; three chemical company of 70, nuclear, biological, and Infantry battalion of 405; hospital with hospital personnel 90 II Level and CENTCOM to personnel Five Equipment Military Units Non-Combat CRS-35 CENTCOM region. and two frigates the to region, SAR helicopters, deployed to CENTCOM ship supply one Manas, (offered another C-130) to Djibouti, two C-130s two helicopters, one P-3B to One hercules airplane and Alliance Northern to tanks and artillery, guns, Soviet-made sets) magazines and cleaning of ammunition,rounds 47 assault rifles, 300,000 National Army (1,000AK- equipment for the Afghan C-130 aircraft and training Naval vessel and C-130 http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 a. The “x” signifies contributions, though no specific amount was indicated. was indicated. amount specific no though contributions, signifies “x” The a. Uzbekistan United Kingdom Emirates (UAE) United Arab Turkey Thailand Country combat cold-weather and mountain in skilled group infantry battle- 1,700 person 23,000 troops, Troops Combat CENTCOM to representatives Four led ISAF with 1,800troops CENTCOM, to personnel 100 British commandos, 40 Service and reinforced by Air eliteSpecial readiness,” commandos placed on “high warfare on “stand-by,” 400 winter and mountain commandos trained in 200 Royal Marine CENTCOM, to personnel Three airborne operations Close Air Support, and humanitarian assistance, surveys for site conducted personnel Force Air Guard, National Afghan equipping and training in assisting personnel ISAF headquarters, noncommissioned officer to officers and one 1,400 troops to ISAF, three forces, 90 special forces totrain CENTCOM, to personnel fighters,Taliban three equipment train anti- to Special forces and sustainable development training and disabilities, in with train people to limbs,prosthetic assistance in experts offered forces, officers for peacekeeping efforts, military medical construction de-mining and infrastructure for battalion task force of 1,000 Military engineering Non-Combat Units Military Equipment Military Units Non-Combat CRS-36 aircraft Leased IL-76 transport armada naval commandos; and 11-ship withship marines army and andHarrier jets an assault carrier with asquadron of including itslargest aircraft three dozen warships, launchers; missile guns and Heavy tanks; self-propelled humanitarian assistance C-130 aircraft for armored vehicles toISAF other and gun, mortar ambulance, minibus, a KC-135 aerial refueling, http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 jbuiXXXLanding support and hosts facilities Airport X Landing facilities toU.S.aircraft X X X(airspace en X Djibouti Czech Republic Cyprus Cambodia lai Airports X (and transit X X Austria Bagram Albania Afghanistan rln Airfields X Airport and offer to host U.S. Keflavik airport clearances Landing X X X X X X X Site Surveys X X Kenya X X X Kazakhstan Jordan Ireland Iceland Hungary Greece X Germany Georgia France Refueling facilities Ethiopia Egypt X X Hosts the headquarters of U.S. X X X X(for Bulgaria Bangladesh X Bahrain Azerbaijan Country (Offered orProvided) fortheUS-LedWarinAfghanistan Table 4.DetailofForeignMilitary -RelatedSupport military and humanitaria n aircraft) Basing Rights Maritime Access CRS-37 route to conflict to route Overflight flights) Rights zone) Navy’s Fifth Fleet, Bahrain royal Bahrain Fleet, Navy’s Fifth KC-135 aircraft and 200support airport by Denmark and Norway troops; allows use of Shymkent Hosted deployment of six U.S. agreed tohouse officers of the Coalition forces from forces Coalition France, air base houses U.S.aircraft, Germany, the U.K.,and the for antiterrorismfor operations Marine Central Command Central Marine personnel at Burgas and Post-War Aid Post-War and Other Facilities Facilities Other United States a http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 a. Allowing use of the country’s infrastructure assets,including and other training and interviewing zeitnXHosted 1,500U.S. troops X X(for X X Uzbekistan Emirates (UAE) United Arab Ukraine Turkmenistan lvkaX Allowed U.S. troops to bebased Air, land, and maritime facilities X X Base Air Lajes at rights Landing air Three Airfields atSeeb,Thumrait, and Chisinau Airport X Airports Tajikistan Slovakia Prince X Saudi Arabia X X (Al- X Russia X Romania Qatar Portugal X X Philippines Oman X Moldova Malaysia Lithuania Lativa ukyEight air Turkey and Manas international airport Kyrgyzstan X(Camp Kuwait Country facilities. and Ahmed Ali Salem Sultan Air Doha and including Al Jaber) Al Incirlik Basing (transit Udeid) Rights bases, point) bases Base XX Maritime Access CRS-38 humanitarian aid) Overflight Rights X X X road and rail infrastructure and rail for road in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan humanitarian assistance Refueling support for humanitarian support and Post-War Aid Post-War and Other Facilities Facilities Other Masirah Island a http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 utai ..Rs 214AZSScrt rayAntiterrorism ANZUS Security Treaty U.N. Res. 52/164 Australia retn ..Rs 5/0 Cooperation with Brazil and U.N. Res. 54/109 Argentina Barbuda & Antigua Country Organization/ Angola OAU “Convention on the on “Convention OAU U.N. Res. 54/109 Angola U.N. Res. 52/164 and Algeria Albania (SCO) Organization Cooperation Shanghai (OSCE) Europe Cooperation in and for Security Organization States (OAS) American of Organization Union (EU) European (ASEAN) Asian Nations Southeast of Association (APEC) Cooperation Economic Asia Pacific (FATF) Force Action Task Financial ..Sc e.17 Nassau Declaration on U.N. Sec. Res. 1373 54/109 National Financing Terrorist Regional Recommendations on Eight Special International Table 5. Counter-Terrorism Measures Table 5.Counter-TerrorismMeasures Approved orConsidered Paraguay International Terrorism International Terrorism” Prevention and Combating of Kyrgyzstan Bishkek, Counter-terrorism body in December 2001) Conference (Bucharest Counter-terrorism plan Antiterror policy and Terrorism Against Convention American Terrorism, and Inter- American Committee Against Inter- Resolution, Terrorism Prevent, Eliminate, Combat Hemispheric Cooperation to Reciprocal Assistance and Inter-American Treaty of Laundering Money EU Directive on Combating Support to APEC declaration Counter Terrorism; and Action on Joint to Declaration and ASEAN plan of action; fighting transnational crime Regional framework for Counter-terrorism APEC Leaders Statement on CRS-39 Center (AUSTRAC) Center Reports and Analysis Australian Transaction legislation and Unit Financial Intelligence Antiterrorism financing legislation Antiterrorism http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 jot Antiterrorism financing Suppression of the Anti-Terrorism Act and Republic Dominican U.N. Res. 1373 Dominica U.N. Res. 54/109 and Djbouti U.N. 54/109 and RMC “Declaration Against Denmark Cyprus U.N.Res 52/164 Costa Rica U.N. Res. 54/109, also All U.N.conventions Colombia OAU “Convention the on Cooperation with Argentina Chile U.N. Sec. Res. 1386 Canada Cambodia Antiterrorism financing U.N. Res. 52/164 and Burkina Faso Bulgaria Regional Migration OAS “Resolution Brazil U.N. Res. 54/109 Nassau Declaration on Bolivia Belize Barbados U.N. Sec. Res. 1386 Bangladesh Bahrain uti ..Rs 5/0 Financial Intelligence U.N. Res. 52/164 and Res.54/109 U.N. Azerbaijan Austria Country Organization/ aaa U.N. Res. 54/109 and Bahamas 52/164 52/164 conventions U.N. party three other to terrorism to and protocols relating and 1373 54/109 and 1373 nentoa einlNational 1333 54/109 Regional International Terrorism” RMC “Declaration Against Terrorism” Terrorism” Prevention and Combating of Paraguay and Eliminate Terrorism” Prevent, Combat, and Strengthening Cooperation to Terrorism on InternationalDeclaration Nassau Terrorism”; “Declaration Against Conference (RMC) Terrorism International International Terrorism International Nassau Declaration on CRS-40 Act Terrorism of Financing Antiterrorism financing and Analysis Unit Financial Information Antiterrorism financing SafetyPublic Act Antiterrorism financing Antiterrorism financing Obligations Order 2001 International financing unit; Antiterrorism http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 uebugAntiterrorism plan Antiterrorism plan Antiterrorism program Antiterrorism financing Prevention of Terrorism Luxembourg Lithuanian Latvia U.N. Res. 54/109, and Kuwait U.N. Sec. Res. 1333 Kenya U.N. Sec. Res. 1333 Japan Jamaica Israel ni Prevention of Terrorism Agreement Trilateral with RMC “Declaration Against Nassau Declaration on Indonesia Nassau Declaration on U.N. Res. 52/164 and India 52/164 Res. U.N. RMC “Declaration Against Iceland Hungary Honduras Haiti Guyana Guatemala gp Antiterrorism financing RMC “Declaration Against U.N. Sec. Res. 1386 Eritrea El Salvador Egypt Ecuador Country Organization/ emn Antiterrorism Antiterrorism Antiterrorism plan; Nassau Declaration on U.N. Sec. Res. 1373 Res.54/109 U.N. Grenada Ghana Germany U.N. Res. 52/164 and France U.N. Res. 52/164 and Finland Estonia U.N. conventions U.N. other nine to party is Res 54/109 and 1267and U.N. and U.N. Res. 54/109 54/109 54/109 National 54/109 and 1373 Regional International International Terrorism International Nassau Declaration on Crimes Terrorism and Transnational Malaysia on and Philippines Terrorism” Terrorism International Terrorism International Terrorism” Terrorism” International Terrorism International CRS-41 Measures Law 2001 antiterrorism Special Ordinance 2001 Acts of Terrorism 2002 of CriminalEradication Ordinance 2001 Antiterrorism act Antiterrorism financing legislation legislation http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 at U.N. Res. 52/164 and Malta ad rbaAntiterrorism financing Antiterrorism financing U.N. Res. 54/109 Senegal Antiterrorism Arabia Saudi Russia China (Taiwan) Agreement Trilateral with Republic of (PRC) China Republic of U.N. Res. 52/164 People’s Qatar Portugal Cooperation with Brazil and U.N. Res. 54/109 Philippines RMC “Declaration Against Antiterrorism action Peru China Republic of Terrorism Suppression People’s financing Review of antiterrorism Paraguay ANZUS Security Treaty U.N. Res. 52/164 and Panama U.N. Sec. Res. 1267 Norway Nicaragua Nassau Declaration on New Zealand Netherlands U.N.Res.54/109 Mozambique U.N. Sec. Res. 1386 Morocco RMC “Declaration Against U.N. Res. 52/164 and Montserrat U.N.Res. 54/109 Monaco Mexico aasaUN e.Rs 33Trilateral Agreement with U.N. Sec. Res. 1373 Malaysia Country Organization/ U.N. Res. 54/109 54/109 and 1386 Res. 54/109 and 1373; and U.N. 54/109 54/109 nentoa einlNational Regional International Crimes Terrorism and Transnational Indonesia and Malaysia on Argentina Terrorism” Terrorism” RMC “Declaration Against Terrorism International Terrorism” Crimes Terrorism and Transnational Indonesia and Philippines on CRS-42 centre Asia counter-terrorism Southeast financing; Antiterrorism Terrorism Task Force plan Antiterrorism action financing Act 2002;antiterrorism plan laws http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 terrorism measures mentioned herein. mentioned measures terrorism counter- the of some to information further for Afghanistan, Regarding Resolutions Council Security measuresby adoptedcountry, and is not exhaustive. See Appendix: Links for Abbreviations,Note: U.N. igpr Antiterrorism plan Nassau Declaration on U.N. Res. 52/164 and U.N. Res. 1333 Slovakia St. Vincent St. Lucia Nevis St. Kittsand Singapore Country Organization/ ukyAntiterrorism financing Antiterrorism financing Kingdom United U.N. Res. 52/164 Emirates United Arab Ukraine Turkey U.N. Res. 54/109 Tunisia Tobago and Trinidad Nassau Declaration on different Ratified 5 U.N. Sec. Res. 1373 Thailand U.N. Res. 52/164 and Tanzania U.N. Res. 52/164 and Tajikistan Sweden U.N. Res. 52/164 and Suriname U.N. Res. 54/109 Spain South Korea Commonwealth U.N. Res. 52/164 and Africa South Slovenia This list represents only listrepresents asample This of international, regional, and national counter terrorism against terrorism conventions U.N. Acceded to11of the terrorism on conventions U.N. 54/109 54/109 54/109 Terrorism Commission on 54/109 National 54/109 Regional International International Terrorism International Terrorism International Nassau Declaration on International Terrorism International Nassau Declaration on Terrorism International Terrorism” Prevention and Combating of the on “Convention OAU CRS-43 and Security Act 2001 Anti-Terrorism, Crime Antiterrorism financing Laundering Act of 1999 Anti-Money amending antiterrorism financing, Antiterrorism plan, Antiterrorism financing http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 [http://www.un.org/News/P U.N. Resolution1373(9/28/01)to [http://www.un.org/ga/documents/gares52/res52164.htm] (12/97) for U.N. Resolution52/164:Convention [http://www.un.org/law/cod/finterr.htm] Terrorism (12/99) U.N. Resolution54/109:Conventionfo [http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/49/a49r060.htm] Terrorism (12/94) U.N. Resolution 49/60: Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International ActionU.N. Against Terrorism penElement] [http://daccess-ods.un.org/doc/ U.N. Resolution1390(1/02)onthesituationinAfghanistan penElement] [http://daccess-ods.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N02/ U.N. Resolution1388(1/02)onthesituationinAfghanistan [http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/2001/res1386e.pdf] U.N. Resolution1386(12/01)onthesituationin Afghanistan [http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/2001/res1383e.pdf] U.N. Resolution1383(12/01)onthesituationinAfghanistan [http://usinfo.state.gov U.N. Resolution1378(11/01)onthesituationinAfghanistan [http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/2001/res1363e.pdf] U.N. Resolution1363(7/01)onthesituationinAfghanistan [http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/n U.N. Resolution1333(12/00)onthesituationinAfghanistan [http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/n U.N. Resolution1267(10/99)onthesituationinAfghanistan Afghanistan Regarding Security Resolutions U.N. Council Appendix: LinksforAbbreviations /topical/pol/terror/01111512.htm] ress/docs/2001/sc7158.doc.htm] UNDOC/GEN/N02/216/02/PDF/N0221602.pdf?O ea/sasia/afghan/un/res1333.pdf] ea/sasia/afghan/un/res1267.htm] combat internationalterrorism CRS-44 the SuppressionofTerroristBombings r the Suppression of the Financing of r theSuppressionofFinancing 212/87/PDF/N0221287.pdf?O http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 [http://www.centaf.af.mil/ramcc/] Regional AirMovement [http://www.af.mil/news/efreedom/index.shtml] Operation NobleEagle [http://www.army.mil/enduringfreedom/default.html] Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) [http://www.minister.defence.g Multinational Interception Operations (MIF) [http://www.telsec.com.br/echelon.html] ECHELON [http://www.centcom.mil/aboutus/aboutus.html] U.S. CentralCommand(CENTCOM) [http://www.e3a.nato.int/] Airborne Early Warning andControlForce (AWACS) Military Terms penElement] [http://daccess-ods U.N. Resolution1401(2002)onthesituationinAfghanistan 142 http://www.state.gov/coalition/dplm/8819.htm] ASEAN DeclarationonJoint [http://usembassy-australia.state.gov/anzus/index.html] ANZUS Security Treaty [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/n-am Anti-Terrorism SpecialM http://www.hmso.gov.uk/acts/acts2001/20010024.htm Anti-Terrorism, CrimeandSecu [http://www.al-bab.com/arab/ The ArabConventionforth Region andActions Resolutions by terrorism Counter- Country and exhaustive. This listrepresentsonly This asample ofcounterterrorism resolutions and actions,isnot 142 .un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N Control Center(RAMCC) easures Law 2001(Japan) e SuppressionofTerrorism docs/league/terrorism98.html] Action toCounterTerrorism ov.au/Hilltpl.cfm?CurrentId=1400] rity Act2001(GreatBritain) erica/us/terro0109/speech/pm1029.html] CRS-45 02/309/14/PD F/N0230914.pdf?O http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 [http://www.aph.gov.au/library/intg Terrorism SuppressionAct 2002(NewZealand) [http://www.rcmvs.org/7a_1.html] Against Terrorism” “Declaration (RMC) Conference Migration Regional [http://www.ict.org.il/counter_ter Prevention ofTerrorismOrdinance2001(Israel) [http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/terrorism/terrorism3a.htm] Prevention ofTerrorismOrdinance2001(India) eaties/Algiers_convention.pdf] [http://www.iss.co.za/African_facts/RegOrganisations/unity_t Combating ofTerrorism” forAfricanUnityOrganization (OAU) [http://www.caricom.org/archives/nassa Nassau DeclarationonIn http://www.icps.com.ua/docs/ of incomesacquiredby criminalmeans”2002 Law“On preventing andc oftheUkraine [http://www.usis.hu/ilea.html] International Law Academy Enforcement [http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/ga-res99/eres1650.htm] Hemispheric CooperationtoPrevent, http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/forum/forumnew65.php Eradication ofCriminalActs [http://www.ustreas.gov/fincen/] Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FINCEN) Australian TransactionReportsa [http://europa.eu.in European UnionDirectiveonMoney Laundering: [http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/2001/6531.html] Order13224(9/23/01) Executive 1/C-36TOCE.html] [http://www.parl.gc.ca/37/1/parlbus/chambus/house/bills/government/C-36/C-36_ Anti-TerrorismAct Canada’s [http://www.austrac.gov.au] t/comm/internal_market/en/fi ternational Terrorism: ofTerrorism2002(Indonesia) nl/full/eng/nl_eng_20021209_0169.pdf nd Analysis Center(AUSTRAC) /law/lawdet.cfm?lawid=11] uide/law/crimlaw.htm#terrnz] CRS-46 Eliminate, andCombatTerrorism: udeclaration%20on%20territorism.htm] ounteracting thelegalization (laundering) “ConventiononthePreventionand nances/general/launden.htm] o_union/pdfs/oau/tr http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31152 Saafi GroupforProselytism Armed Islamic Group/GIA (Algeria) (Pakistan) Al-Badar (Pakistan) ul-Ansar/Mujahadeen Harakat Asbat al-Ansar(Lebanon) The Advice and Reform Committee Groups Allegedly Affiliated Al Qaeda with [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2002/10019.html] Working GrouponCounter-terrorism U.S.-Pakistan Joint [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2002/11922.html] U.S.- India Working GrouponCounter-terrorism Joint [http://www.gov.ph/news/default.asp?newsid=1479] Trilateral Agreement onTerrorism and Transnational Crimes 143 Ulema UnionofAfghanistan al-Ittihad (Somalia) Abu Sayyff (Philippines) Partisans Movement (Kashmir) Moro Islamic Liberation Front (Philippines) Libyan Islamic Group Lebanese PartisansLeague Laskar (Pakistan) e-Toiba (Yemen) al-Jihad (Egypt)al-Jihad (Bangladesh) al-Jihad Islamic MovementofUzbekistan Islamic (Palestinian Jihad Authority) Bayt al-Imam (Jordan) Hamas (Palestinian Authority) al-Hadith (Pakistan) al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group,Egypt) ul- (Pakistan) Hezb (Lebanon)Hezbollah Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam/JUI (Pakistan) Jamiat-ul-Ulema-e-Pakistan (Pakistan) (Pakistan) Harakat ulJihad (Canada/France) The GroupeRoubaix Talaa alFath (Vanguards ofConquest) New York: Publishers, Inc., Transnational 2001. Alexander,Yonah. Usama Bin Laden’s Al-Al-Qaeda: Profile of a Terrorist Networ Usama Bin Laden’s Al-Al-Qaeda: Profile ofaTerrorist and Combat/GSPD(Algeria) CRS-47 143 k.