DOCSLIB.ORG

AM Future of Scholarly Publishing TEXT Proof 6 FINAL

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Future of Scholarly Publishing Open Access and the Economics of Digitisation EDITED BY PETER WEINGART & NIELS TAUBERT The Future of Scholarly Publishing Open Access and the Economics of Digitisation Edited by Peter Weingart & Niels Taubert AFRICAN MINDS First published in 2016 by De Gruyter Akademie Forschung under the title Wissenschaftliches Publizieren: Zwischen Digitalisierung, Leistungsmessung, Ökonomisierung und medialer Beobachtung. This English language edition published in 2017 by African Minds 4 Eccleston Place, Somerset West 7130, Cape Town, South Africa [email protected] www.africanminds.org.za 2017 African Minds This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. © 2016 Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften Chapter 8: Copyright and Changing Systems of Scientific Communication translated from the German by Charles Heard. All other text translated by Marc Weingart, with the exception of Chapter 7: Open Access and Chapter 10: A Vision of Scientific Communication that were originally published in English. ISBN: 978-1-928331-53-7 eBook edition: 978-1-928331-54-4 ePub edition: 978-1-928331-55-1 ORDERS: African Minds 4 Eccleston Place, Somerset West 7130, Cape Town, South Africa [email protected] www.africanminds.org.za For orders from outside Africa: African Books Collective PO Box 721, Oxford OX1 9EN, UK [email protected] CONTENTS List of Abbreviations iv Foreword to the English Edition v INTRODUCTION 1 Changes in Scientific Publishing: A Heuristic for Analysis Niels Taubert & Peter Weingart 1 PART ONE: THE CHANGING SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING SYSTEM 2 Different from Discipline to Discipline: Diversity in the Scholarly Publication System Konstanze Rosenbaum 37 3 Recent Processes of Change from the Perspective of Academic Publishers Niels Taubert 69 4 On the Situation and Development of Academic Libraries Peter Weingart 95 5 A Participatory Experiment in Science Policy: Results and Evaluation of the ‘Publication System’ Online Consultation Niels Taubert & Kevin Schön 113 PART TWO: FRAMING CONDITIONS 6 Recommendations, Statements, Declarations and Activities of Science Policy Actors on Shaping the Scholarly Communication System Ulrich Herb 135 7 Open Access: Effects on Publishing Behaviour of Scientists, Peer Review and Interrelations with Performance Measures David Ball 165 8 Copyright and Changing Systems of Scientific Communication Alexander Peukert & Marcus Sonnenberg 199 PART THREE: VISIONS Visions Concerning the Future of Publishing in Science 231 9 Electronic Publishing, Open Access, Open Science and Other Dreams Martin Grötschel 233 10 A Vision of Scientific Communication Reinhold Kliegl 247 11 Methodological Optimism Regarding the Digital Future: Critical Remarks on the Recommendations on the Future of the Scholarly Communication System Volker Gerhardt 255 12 Trust, Quality Assurance and Open Access: Predatory Journals and the Future of the Scholarly Publication System Peter Weingart 265 13 Publishing in German Sociology in the Year 2030 Niels Taubert 273 THE FUTURE OF THE SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING SYSTEM LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AHCI Arts and Humanities Citation Index JCR Journal Citation Report APC article processing charge JIF journal impact factor BBAW Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of JISC Joint Information Systems Sciences and Humanities Committee BMBF Federal Ministry of Education and KE Knowledge Exchange Research KII Commission on the Future of BOAI Budapest Open Access Initiative Information Infrastructure CC Creative Commons MPDL Max Planck Digital Library CODATA Committee on Data for Science MPG Max Planck Society and Technology NPM new public management DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft OA open access (German Research Council) OJS Open Journal Systems DINI German Initiative for Network OSF Open Science Foundation Information PR public relations DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals RfII Council for Information DOI digital object identifier Infrastructure DRM digital rights management RIN Research Information Network EC European Commission ROARMAP Registry of Open Access ERC European Research Council Repository Mandates and Policies FhG Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft RSC Royal Society of Chemistry (Fraunhofer Society) SCI Science Citation Index GDCh Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker SOAP Study of Open Access Publishing GWK Gemeinsame SPARC Scholarly Publishing Initiative Wissenschaftskonferenz des SSCI Social Science Citation Index Bundes und der Länder (General Science Conference of the Federal STM science, technology and medicine Government and the States) TA toll access HEFCE Higher Education Funding Council TELOTA The Electronic Life Of The for England Academy HEI higher education institution TWAS The World Academy of Sciences HGF Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher UrhG German Copyright Act Forschungszentren (Helmholtz VAT value added tax Association of German Research WGL Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft Centres) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz HRK German Rectors Conference (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Science IAP InterAcademy Partnership Association) ICSU International Council for Science ZPID Leibniz-Zentrum für Psychologische IP intellectual property Information und Dokumentation IR institutional repository (Leibniz Institute for Psychology) ISSC International Social Science Council IWG interdisciplinary working group iv Foreword to the English Edition The formal scientific communication system is currently undergoing significant change. This is due to four intertwined developments: the digitisation of formal science communication; the increasing relevance of profit-making on the part of many academic publishers and other providers of information (in short: ‘economisation’); an increase in the self-observation of science by means of publication, citation and utility-based indicators; and an intensified observation of science by the mass media (‘medialisation’). Previously, these developments have only been dealt with individually in the literature and by science-policy actors. In fact, they not only affect the scientific communication system in the form of simple, individual causal chains but also in the form of long feedback loops and partly intertwined processes. This book documents the materials and results of an interdisciplinary working group (IWG) commissioned by the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (BBAW) to analyse the future of scholarly publishing and to develop recommendations on how to respond to the challenges posed by these developments. The IWG served a three-fold purpose: first, the connections between the abovementioned developments were described; second, further relevant research on understanding recent developments was undertaken; and third, recommendations on the design of a future scholarly publication system were formulated. Aside from the analysis of these interactions, the IWG also set out to take diverse framework conditions, standards and perspectives from different scientific fields into consideration, the goal being to formulate recommendations in the name of science as a whole and for science as a whole. Thus, in addition to the factors of influence, the heterogeneity of the publication cultures in different disciplines and fields of research was to be taken into account. In order to become familiar with these conditions and to be able to develop this mass of information into a concise format, interviews with members of the BBAW were conducted. These provided valuable information on the communication habits of different disciplines and fields of research, and revealed significant differences in these habits. Given the limitations of this approach and of the v THE FUTURE OF THE SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING SYSTEM information gained in this process, an online dialogue was conducted which invited all German-speaking scientists and academics to participate in the development of the recommendations. Almost 700 participants responded with great interest and provided the IWG with important information about current problems and challenges in the formal communication system. Moreover, this procedure helped in identifying a normative consensus on what constitutes a good communication system. In addition to the views of the scientists, perspectives of experts from publishing companies and libraries were surveyed in order to gain a multi-layered and more complete picture of the publication landscape. Finally, three expert reports on central issues were commissioned. By means of a multi-level evaluation and decision-making process, the Academy adopts recommendations of working groups so that – in cases of approval – they are published in its name. In spite of efforts to involve scientists early on in the development of recommendations in order to learn about their perspectives, standards and interests, protests emerged during the final process of acceptance. Several Academy members from the humanities called the recommendations unbalanced insofar as the role of digital publication was overly emphasised while that of printed publications was neglected. These arguments were taken into consideration in a revised version. In our opinion, the debates during the course of acceptance indicate one thing in particular: there is a need for further extensive discussion about how to deal with the current challenges in the scientific communication system. This issue will continue to occupy science within and outside the Academy. As per the IWG’s intention, the focus was mainly on the sciences and humanities in Germany. However,
Recommended publications
  • Agricultural Engineering Journals in AGRICOLA

    Agricultural Engineering Journals in AGRICOLA

    Agricultural Engineering Journals in AGRICOLA https://web.archive.org/web/20030428232053/http://www.usain.org:80... Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Journal List Valerie Perry, Public Services Librarian, Agricultural Information Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091 Allison Level, Assistant Professor, Morgan Library, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1019 list from chapter "Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering" by Mary Anderson Ochs and Mary E. Patterson in Using the Agricultural, Environmental and Food Literature ** indicates titles not included in AGRICOLA listing. 4/05/02 ISI AGRICOLA Journal Titles ISSN Publication Information Impact Indexing Factor **Acta biotechnologica. 0138-4988 1981- Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. 0.351 1981- v. 12- Tokyo: Farm Machinery **Agricultural mechanization in Asia, 0084-5841 Industrial Research Corp. Continues N/A Africa and Latin America. Agricultural Mechanization in Southeast Asia. Cover-to-cover 1976- Barking, U.K.: Elsevier Applied Agricultural systems. 0308-521X 0.815 and contains Science. abstracts. Agricultural water management. 0378-3774 1976- Amsterdam: Elsevier. 0.526 Cover-to-cover. Cover-to-cover Agriculture, ecosystems & environment. 0167-8809 1983- Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier. 1.297 and contains abstracts. Selectively and American Society for Microbiology. 1976- v. 31- Washington: American Society 0099-2240 3.688 contains Applied and environmental microbiology. for Microbiology. abstracts. Cover-to-cover 1985- St. Joseph, MI : American Society of Applied engineering in agriculture. 0883-8542 0.249 and contains Agricultural Engineers. abstracts. 1984- v. 19- Berlin: Springer International. Selectively and Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 0175-7598 Continues European Journal of Applied 1.754 contains Microbiology and Biotechnology. abstracts. 1974- London: Intermediate Technology **Appropriate technology.
  • RELX Group Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2015

    RELX Group Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2015

    Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2015 Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2015 RELX Group is a world-leading provider of information and analytics for professional and business customers across industries. We help scientists make new discoveries, lawyers win cases, doctors save lives and insurance companies offer customers lower prices. We save taxpayers and consumers money by preventing fraud and help executives forge commercial relationships with their clients. In short, we enable our customers to make better decisions, get better results and be more productive. RELX PLC is a London listed holding company which owns 52.9 percent of RELX Group. RELX NV is an Amsterdam listed holding company which owns 47.1 percent of RELX Group. Forward-looking statements The Reports and Financial Statements 2015 contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the US Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those currently being anticipated. The terms “estimate”, “project”, “plan”, “intend”, “expect”, “should be”, “will be”, “believe”, “trends” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Factors which may cause future outcomes to differ from those foreseen in forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to competitive factors in the industries in which the Group operates; demand for the Group’s products and services; exchange rate fluctuations; general economic and business conditions; legislative, fiscal, tax and regulatory developments and political risks; the availability of third-party content and data; breaches of our data security systems and interruptions in our information technology systems; changes in law and legal interpretations affecting the Group’s intellectual property rights and other risks referenced from time to time in the filings of the Group with the US Securities and Exchange Commission.
  • What Price Affordability?

    What Price Affordability?

    Open access: What price affordability? Richard Poynder Independent journalist and blogger, Cheltenham, UK Correspondence to: Richard Poynder. Email: [email protected] Dating from 1665, the scholarly journal has served the research community well for over 300 years. In the past few decades, however, the subscription model it utilises has created a couple of apparently intractable problems—what we will call the affordability and accessibility problems. The affordability problem has its roots in the dramatic growth in research after World War II, a problem made worse by the constant above-inflation increases in the cost of journal subscriptions—which led to what librarians call the “serials crisis” [1]. The situation was further exacerbated by the fact that learned societies struggled to cope with the growing demand from researchers for publication outlets. Spotting a lucrative market opportunity, for-profit companies (led by Robert Maxwell’s Pergamon Press) began to launch new scholarly journals [2], and to invite learned societies to outsource their journals to them, on the promise that by doing so they would be able to generate more money to subsidise their other activities. Further aggravating the problem, it turns out that scholarly publishing does not operate like a classic market. For a number of reasons, no effective mechanisms for restraining prices have emerged [3]. In effect, scholarly publishers are as good as able to charge whatever they want for their journals. Editorial The upshot: Today even the wealthiest universities in the world can no longer afford to subscribe to all the journals their faculty need to do their work effectively [4], and the subscription model is now widely viewed as unsustainable so far as scholarly journal publishing is concerned.
  • Military Physician

    Military Physician

    MILITARY PHYSICIAN Military Physician Program Council and Peer Review Board Members Quarterly Official Organ of the Section of Military Physicians at the Polish Chairman Medical Society Grzegorz Gielerak – Head of the Military Institute of Medicine Oficjalny Organ Sekcji Lekarzy Wojskowych Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego Members Scientific Journal of the Military Institute of Medicine Massimo Barozzi (Italy) Pismo Naukowe Wojskowego Instytutu Medycznego Anna Hauska-Jung (Poland) Published since 3 January 1920 Wiesław W. Jędrzejczak (Poland) Number of points assigned by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Dariusz Jurkiewicz (Poland) Paweł Kaliński (USA) Education (MNiSW) – 4 Frederick C. Lough (USA) Marc Morillon (Belgium) Arnon Nagler (Israel) Stanisław Niemczyk (Poland) Editorial Board Krzysztof Paśnik (Poland) Francis J. Ring (UK) Editor-in-Chief Daniel Schneditza (Austria) Jerzy Kruszewski MD, PhD Zofia Wańkowicz (Poland) Deputy Editors-in-Chief Krzysztof Korzeniewski Marek Maruszyński Piotr Rapiejko Secretary Ewa Jędrzejczak Editorial Office Military Institute of Medicine 128 Szaserów St., 04-141 Warsaw 44, Poland telephone/fax: +48 261 817 380 e-mail: [email protected] www.lekarzwojskowy.pl © Copyright by Military Institute of Medicine Practical Medicine Publishing House / Medycyna Praktyczna 2 Rejtana St., 30-510 Kraków, Poland Telephone: +48 12 29 34 020, fax: +48 12 29 34 030 e-mail: [email protected] Managing Editor Lidia Miczyńska Proofreading Dariusz Rywczak, Iwona Żurek Cover Design Krzysztof Gontarski Typesetting Łukasz Łukasiewicz DTP Katarzyna Opiela Advertising For many years, “Military Physician” has been indexed in the Piotr Lorens MD Polish Medical Bibliography (Polska Bibliografia Lekarska), the tel. +48 663 430 191; e-mail: [email protected] oldest Polish bibliographic database.
  • Nietzsche and Eternal Recurrence: Methods, Archives, History, and Genesis

    Nietzsche and Eternal Recurrence: Methods, Archives, History, and Genesis

    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School April 2021 Nietzsche and Eternal Recurrence: Methods, Archives, History, and Genesis William A. B. Parkhurst University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Philosophy Commons Scholar Commons Citation Parkhurst, William A. B., "Nietzsche and Eternal Recurrence: Methods, Archives, History, and Genesis" (2021). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8839 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nietzsche and Eternal Recurrence: Methods, Archives, History, and Genesis by William A. B. Parkhurst A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy Department of Philosophy College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Joshua Rayman, Ph.D. Lee Braver, Ph.D. Vanessa Lemm, Ph.D. Alex Levine, Ph.D. Date of Approval: February 16th, 2021 Keywords: Fredrich Nietzsche, Eternal Recurrence, History of Philosophy, Continental Philosophy Copyright © 2021, William A. B. Parkhurst Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my mother, Carol Hyatt Parkhurst (RIP), who always believed in my education even when I did not. I am also deeply grateful for the support of my father, Peter Parkhurst, whose support in varying avenues of life was unwavering. I am also deeply grateful to April Dawn Smith. It was only with her help wandering around library basements that I first found genetic forms of diplomatic transcription.
  • Piracy of Scientific Papers in Latin America: an Analysis of Sci-Hub Usage Data

    Piracy of Scientific Papers in Latin America: an Analysis of Sci-Hub Usage Data

    Developing Latin America Piracy of scientific papers in Latin America: An analysis of Sci-Hub usage data Juan D. Machin-Mastromatteo Alejandro Uribe-Tirado Maria E. Romero-Ortiz This article was originally published as: Machin-Mastromatteo, J.D., Uribe-Tirado, A., and Romero-Ortiz, M. E. (2016). Piracy of scientific papers in Latin America: An analysis of Sci-Hub usage data. Information Development, 32(5), 1806–1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666916671080 Abstract Sci-Hub hosts pirated copies of 51 million scientific papers from commercial publishers. This article presents the site’s characteristics, it criticizes that it might be perceived as a de-facto component of the Open Access movement, it replicates an analysis published in Science using its available usage data, but limiting it to Latin America, and presents implications caused by this site for information professionals, universities and libraries. Keywords: Sci-Hub, piracy, open access, scientific articles, academic databases, serials crisis Scientific articles are vital for students, professors and researchers in universities, research centers and other knowledge institutions worldwide. When academic publishing started, academies, institutions and professional associations gathered articles, assessed their quality, collected them in journals, printed and distributed its copies; with the added difficulty of not having digital technologies. Producing journals became unsustainable for some professional societies, so commercial scientific publishers started appearing and assumed printing, sales and distribution on their behalf, while academics retained the intellectual tasks. Elsevier, among the first publishers, emerged to cover operations costs and profit from sales, now it is part of an industry that grew from the process of scientific communication; a 10 billion US dollar business (Murphy, 2016).
  • Nietzsche's Orientalism

    Nietzsche's Orientalism

    Duncan Large Nietzsche’s Orientalism Abstract: Edward Said may omit the German tradition from his ground-breaking study of Orientalism (1978), but it is clearly appropriate to describe Nietzsche as Orientalist in outlook. Without ever having left Western Europe, or even having read very widely on the subject, he indulges in a series of undiscriminating stereotypes about “Asia” and “the Orient”, borrowing from a range of contemporary sources. His is an uncom- mon Orientalism, though, for his evaluation of supposedly “Oriental” characteristics is generally positive, and they are used as a means to critique European decadence and degeneration. Because he defines the type “Oriental” reactively in opposition to the “European”, though, it is contradictory. Furthermore, on Nietzsche’s analysis “Europe” itself is less a type or a geographical designation than an agonal process of repeated self-overcoming. He reverses the received evaluation of the Europe-Orient opposition only in turn to deconstruct the opposition itself. Europe first emerged out of Asia in Ancient Greece, Nietzsche claims, and it has remained a precarious achieve- ment ever since, repeatedly liable to “re-orientalisation”. He argues that “Oriental” Christianity has held Europe in its sway for too long, but his preferred antidote is a further instance of European “re-orientalisation”, at the hands of the Jews, whose productive self-difference under a unified will he views as the best model for the “good Europeans” of the future. Keywords: Orientalism, Edward Said, Asia, Europe, Christianity, Jews, good Europeans. Zusammenfassung: Auch wenn in Edward Saids bahnbrechender Studie Orienta- lismus (1978) die deutsche Tradition nicht vorkommt, lässt sich Nietzsches Haltung doch als ‚orientalistisch‘ beschreiben.
  • ACRL Conference Program

    ACRL Conference Program

    ACRL Conference Program www.acrl.org/seattle 14TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITS MARCH 12–15, 2009 PUSHING THE EDGE: EXPLORE, ENGAGE, EXTEND cover.indd 1 2/20/2009 1:53:08 PM )NSPIRATIONAL THINKING FORTHE BRIGHTEST MINDS )NSPEC$IRECTISAPOWERFULONLINERESEARCHTOOLDESIGNEDTOTAKE YOUSTRAIGHTTOTHE)NSPEC$ATABASEOFMORETHANMILLIONABSTRACTS OFPEER REVIEWEDARTICLES CONFERENCEPROCEEDINGSANDTECHNICALREPORTS INPHYSICS ELECTRICALENGINEERINGANDELECTRONICS COMPUTERSANDCONTROL INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY MANUFACTURING MECHANICALAND PRODUCTIONENGINEERING &AST CARRYOUTINTUITIVESEARCHESONTHEVAST)NSPEC$ATABASE TOGETDIRECTLYTOTHEHIGHQUALITYINFORMATIONYOUNEED )NNOVATIVE UTILISEABROADRANGEOFFEATURESANDFUNCTIONALITY INCLUDINGTHREELEVELSOFSEARCH RESULTSOPTIONS PERSONALISATION FEATURESANDANALYSISANDVISUALISATIONTOOLS &LEXIBLE DELIVERRESULTSFOREXPERTANDNOVICESEARCHERS )FYOUNEEDTOSTRENGTHENTHERESEARCH CAPABILITIESOFYOURORGANISATION ARRANGE 'ETSTRAIGHTTOTHE A FREETRIALOF )NSPEC$IRECT INFORMATIONYOUNEED WWWTHEIETORGINSPECDIRECT 4HE)NSTITUTIONOF%NGINEERINGAND4ECHNOLOGYISREGISTEREDASA#HARITYIN%NGLAND7ALES 6ISITUSAT"OOTH NO AND3COTLANDNO3# cover.indd 2 2/20/2009 1:53:17 PM When You Need Targeted and Intelligent Research, Aim First for Annual Reviews. Visit Annual Reviews at ACRL 2009 Conference in Booth 739 Insightful Research Starts With An Annual Reviews Site License Annual Reviews offers a variety of site license solutions, ensuring seamless access to high quality publications and permanent data rights to subscribed content. Forthcoming Annual Reviews Titles Include:
  • Final Draft Jury

    Final Draft Jury

    Freedom in Conflict On Kant’s Critique of Medical Reason Jonas Gerlings Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Florence, 24 February 2017. European University Institute Department of History and Civilization Freedom in Conflict On Kant’s Critique of Medical Reason Jonas Gerlings Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Examining Board Prof. Dr. Martin van Gelderen, EUI, Lichtenberg-Kolleg – The Göttingen Institute for Advanced Study (Supervisor) Dr. Dr. h.c. Hans Erich Bödeker, Lichtenberg-Kolleg – The Göttingen Institute for Advanced Study Prof. Stéphane Van Damme, European University Institute Senior Lecturer, Dr. Avi Lifschitz, UCL © Jonas Gerlings, 2016 No part of this thesis may be copied, reproduced or transmitted without prior permission of the author Researcher declaration to accompany the submission of written work Department of History and Civilization - Doctoral Programme I Jonas Gerlings certify that I am the author of the work Freedom in Conflict – Kant’s Critique of Medical Reason I have presented for examination for the Ph.D. at the European University Institute. I also certify that this is solely my own original work, other than where I have clearly indicated, in this declaration and in the thesis, that it is the work of others. I warrant that I have obtained all the permissions required for using any material from other copyrighted publications. I certify that this work complies with the Code of Ethics in Academic Research issued by the European University Institute (IUE 332/2/10 (CA 297).
  • HABERMAS [Kabinettskriege], Philosophy Assumed This Role a Second Time

    HABERMAS [Kabinettskriege], Philosophy Assumed This Role a Second Time

    8 Does the Constitutionalization of International Law Still Have a Chance?1 The Introduction Divided As the European system of states was taking shape, phi losophy, in the persons of Francisco Suarez, Hugo Grotius, West and Samuel Pufendorf, still played the role of pacemaker in the creation of modern international law. Moreover, when legally constrained international relations later stabilized at the level of violence of so-called cabinet wars BY JORGEN HABERMAS [Kabinettskriege], philosophy assumed this role a second time. With his conception of a-"cosmopolitan condition" or "wekburgerlichen Zustand," Kant took a decisive step Edited and Translated by beyond international law centered exclusively on states. Since then, international law has not only developed into CIABAN CRONIN a specialized brand of legal theory. Following two world wars, the constitutionalization of international law has evolved along the lines prefigured by Kant toward cosmo politan law and has assumed institutional form in inter national constitutions, organizations, and procedures.2 Since the end of the bipolar world order and the emergence of the US as the pre-eminent world power, an alternative to the evolution of a cosmopolitan constitution has emerged. A world dominated by nation-states is indeed 2-00 in transition toward the postnational constellation of a polity global society. States are losing their autonomy in part as they become increasingly enmeshed in the horizontal 115 THE KANTIAN PROJECT THE CXJNSTITUTIONALIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW networks of a global society.3 But in this situation the accord priority to its own, ethically rather than legally, Kantian project of a cosmopolitan order not only has to justified national interests, even over the objections of its confront the traditional objection of "realists" who affirm allies.
  • Saintsand Madmen

    Saintsand Madmen

    SAINTS AND MADMEN THE LIMITS OF INTEGRITY Konzeption: Amber Carpenter York Susan Neiman Potsdam Rachael Wiseman Durham Internationale Tagung Mittwoch, 4. – Freitag, 6. Juni EINSTEIN FORUM Einstein Forum Am Neuen Markt 7 14467 Potsdam Tel. 0331-27178-0 www.einsteinforum.de [email protected] Speakers and Themes Jeremy Bendik-Keymer Rejecting Integrity, Choosing Humanity Integrity maintains the connotation of being untouched. Two of its prominent images – that of upholding norms or of being idealistic – reinforce that connotation through the concepts of rules and of forms. Incorruptibility is then found in being rigid or absolutely being. I believe there is an undemocratic politics and a stultifying view of moral education in this nest. I would prefer something humane: a trustworthy goodness comfortable in anarchy, disobedience, non-conformity and becoming, stuff of the comedy of life. What happens to what we want out of integrity when we begin with the assumption that the good part of life – and also the moral – involves being in touch with life and with people? Secondly, what happens to the good stuff of life – and the moral – when we avoid being normative or being ideal, that is, when we turn away the very concepts of norms and of ideals? Thirdly, what happens when good people aren’t seen as undeviating or absolute but are seen as in the process of becoming? What is incorruptibility when we reject integrity and prefer humanity? Educated at Yale and at the University of Chicago, Jeremy Bendik-Keymer is Elmer G. Beamer-Hubert H. Schneider Professor in Ethics and Associate Professor of Philosophy at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.
  • Charting Capacity for Ocean Sustainability

    Charting Capacity for Ocean Sustainability

    Global Ocean Science Report 2020 Charting Capacity for Ocean Sustainability United Nations Intergovernmental Sustainable Educational, Scientific and Oceanographic Development Cultural Organization Commission Goals Published in 2020 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France © UNESCO 2020 ISBN 9-789231-004247 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use- ccbysa-en). The report should be cited as follows: IOC-UNESCO. 2020. Global Ocean Science Report 2020–Charting Capacity for Ocean Sustainability. K. Isensee (ed.), Paris, UNESCO Publishing. More information on the Global Ocean Science Report 2020 at: https://gosr.ioc-unesco.org The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Graphic Design: UNESCO Cover design and typeset: Marie Moncet Art Cover Illustration: