International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanities

ISSN 2277 – 9809 (online) ISSN 2348 - 9359 (Print)

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Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust

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IRJMSH Vol 5 Issue 4 [Year 2014] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print)

Demographic Structure in District

DR. NEETU JAT POST DOCTRAL FELLOW DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY RANI DURGAWATI, UNIVERSITY, JABALPUR (M.P) Email Id. [email protected]

Dr. Lokesh Shrivastava DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY RANI DURGAWATI, UNIVERSITY, JABALPUR (M.P) History

Banswara (literally “the bamboo country”), was a Raj put feudatory state in Rajputana during British . It borders and is bounded on the north by the native states of Dungerpur and or Mewar, on the northest and east by Parthapgarh; on the south by the dominions of Holkar and the state of ; and on the west by the Kantha. Banswara state was about 45 Milles (72 Km) in length from north to south and 33 Milles (53 Km) in breadth from east to west and had an area of 1,606 square miles (4,160 Km2). The population in 1941 was 258,760.

Banswara District forms eastern part of the region Known as or Vagwar. The District was formerly a ruled by the Maharavals. It is said that a Bhil ruler Bansia or Wasna, ruled over it and Banswara was named after his name. Bansia was defeated and Killed by Jagmal Singh who became the first Maharaval of the princely state. It is named so because of the bamboo which were found in abundance in the forests. In 1913 some Bhils revolted under the hedship of a social reformer Govindgiri and Punja which was suppressed in November 1913. Hindered Mangarh hillock where they were holding a peaceful meeting by the forest. The place has become sacred and is better known as the Mangharh Dham. With the merger of the

International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity Page 37 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 5 Issue 4 [Year 2014] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) princely states in the Union of India, the Banswara state and Khushalgarh chief ship got merged in the in 1949 and Banswara was carved out as a separate district by merging these principalities.

Location

The lies in the southernmost part of Rajasthan. It is surrounded by Pratapgarh in the north, Dungerpur in the west, and of in the esat and south and , Gujarat to the south.

Banswara District

Banswara District in south Rajasthan in India. The princely state of Banswara was founded Mahawerlal Jagmal Singh. It is named for the “bans” or bamboo forests in the area. It is also Known as ‘City of Hundred Islands’, due to presence of numerous islands in the , which flows through Banswara. Banswara city is governed by city Council (Nager Parishad) which comes under Banswar urban Agglomeration. Although the city has population of 100,128 (2011), its urban/metropolitan population is 101,177(2011) of which 51,941 are males and 49,236 are females.

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Geography

Banswara is located at 23.55ºN 74.45ºE It has an average elevation of 302 meters (990 ft). Banswara District is in southern Rajasthan with an area of 5,037 square Kilometers (1,945 sq mi) located between 23.11º N to 23.56º N latitude and 73.58º E to bounded on the north-east by , Pipalkkoot & Arnod tehsils of district –PRATHAPGARH, (Rajasthan) ; on the east by of Madhya Pradesh; on the west by and on north-west by Aspur tihsils of DUNGERPUR district; and on the south-east by JHABUA district of Madhya Pradesh and on south & south-west the DOHAD district of GUJRAT. The region represents a rugged terrain undulated by short ridges west of Banswara . The eastern part of it is occupied by flat- topped hills of the Deccan trap. It has the southern end of the Aravali mountains. The drainage system belongs to the Mahi river which originates from Amiera hills near DHAR in Madhya Pradesh. Its tributaries are Anas, Chanp, Erav, Hiran and Kagdi. The Mahi Bajaj Sagar dam has been constructed on the Mahi, about 16 Kilometers (9.9 mi) away from Banswara town. The Right and Left Main Canals and their distributaries irrigate 60,149 hectares (601.49 Km2) of land. Normal annual rainfall is about 82.59 centimeters (32.52 inch).

Distance from Major Cities

The closest major city to Banswara is Udaipur which is 165 km away. Indore and Ahemdabad are also close, at 215 km and 285 km away respectively. The town is 827 km from New Delhi and 816 km from Mumbai.

Development and Technical Education

Since 2012 Government engineering College has been started and in state Budget of 2013-14 declared for Starting of one Medical college in Banswara. For opening of one nuclear power plant, & Two Super critical thermal power plant & Railway line (Ratlam- via Banswara) various Proceeding of State Govt. is going on.

Demographics

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As of 2011 India census, Banswara city had a population of 101,177. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49% Banswara city has an average literacy rate of 86.98%, higher then the national average of 59.5%, with 92.76% of the males and 81.01% of females literate.

The district is predominantly inhabited by tribals mainly Bgils, Bhil Meenas, Damor, Charpotas, Ninamas, etc. The district population is 17,98,194 (2011). The rural population is 16,70,386 (2011) and the urban population is 127,826 (2011). The population density has raised from 298 per square/km (census 2001) to 399 per square/km (census 2011). Average literacy rate of whole district is 52.70% which is lower than the national average of 59.5%. The population under the age of 6 years is 12% the main occupation of the people, specially of tribal’s, is agriculture. The tribal’s live in a small one-room houses, known as “tapra”, which lie scattered all over the area.

The other major castes are Patels, Rajputs, Brahmans, Mahajans and Muslims. The dialect spoken in the district is Wagri, a mixture of Gujrati and Mewari. Literacy has increased to 57.20% (census 2011) from 44.63% (census 2001) but women literacy, is 43.47% (2011) in comparison to 28.43% (census 2001). In Totality literacy percentage has increased by 12.57%.

Rajasthan is home to tribes that are district from the society around them. While a few tribes are medieval in their origin. Mainly due to events in history, there are a few who date their origin back to one of the oldest prehistoric civilization in world; the Indus valley civilization. The history of these tribes dates back to around 1400 BC. At that time the Bhil and Mina tribes ruled the land. The Aryan invasion, represented by hours-drawn chariots and superior bows and arrows, seems to have tyrannized tribal migration to the south and the east. Pushed into the natural hideout forests and the ancient and craggy Aravalli range, the Bhil and the Mina tribes survived mor easily. The northern, nomadic ethnic intrusions continued in to Rajasthan. They were respected by the Sakes, Kusanas, Abhiras, Hunas and others. Quite a large number of these invaders are now covered by the blanket term Rajput whose royal lineage stood upon the ruins of the Gurjara ( Pratihara Empire). All too naturally, the warrior-invaders fitted the Aryan material caste of Kashriyas which in time come to be divided in to 36 Rajputs clans. The camouflaged existence of Rajasthan’s original inhabitants certainly isolated them from the main stream,

International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity Page 40 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 5 Issue 4 [Year 2014] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) keeping them unaware of the changes. Today, they may be considered a backward people but that does not call for any pejorative interpretation of their primitivism.

 Population – 17,98,194 (2011 census)  Density of population – 399/km2  Literacy – 57.20%  Total working population – 32.46%  Cultivation – 75.58%  Agricultural laborers – 9.36%  Other workers – 13.80%

Culture

Situated amidst the Aravali vally, Banswara represents tribal culture in Rajasthan. With a landscape predominated by bamboo trees the region came to be known as Banswara. Banswara town was founded by King Jagmal Singh. The town has eleven and a half Swayambhoo Shivalingas; it was also called ‘Lodhikashi’ or little kasha. Yet another name is ‘An Area of Hundred Islands’. Situated in southern Rajasthan, the town borders Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh . Due to this inter-regional neighborhood, the Vagdi culture has emerged as a mixture of Gujarati, Malwi, Rajasthan and Mewari cultures. Banswara district is rich in forests, hills and . Tribal’s are natives this region. The place is known for its ancient temples and natural beauty.

Climate and Rainfall

The district has a climate which is very much milder than that in the desert regions in further north and north-west.

 Maximum temperature is 45 degrees Celsius to 46 degrees Celsius.  Maximum temperature is 10 degrees Celsius to 20 degrees Celsius.  Normal annual rainfall is 922.4mm.

Economy

Industrial scenario

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 Number of Large and Medium Scale Units- 8  Number of Small Scale Units- 5312

Main industries

 Agro- based (oil mills)  Blended yarn  Dress material  Marble slabs and tiles  Portland cement  Shirting and suiting  Synthetic yarn and textures gray cloth yarn.

Utility Services

The total transformer capacity in the district is 63.1 MV.A. of the 1,434 villages 1,219 villages were electrified up to 31 March 2000.

The Mahi river flows on the borders of Peepalkhoot and Ghatol and Banswara Panchayat Samitis. The Mahi project has the capacity to irrigate an area of 800 square kilometers.

Transport

Road

Road transport is the only mode of goods and passengers movement from and to this district. The district headquarters has direct road connection with Ratlam, Dungerpur, Dohad and . Total road length in the district is 1,747 km, as of 31 March 2011.

Rail

The Railway Ministry has approved railway line to be established to connect the Dungarpur and Ratlam station. The total distance between Ratlam to Dungarpur is around 195

International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity Page 42 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 5 Issue 4 [Year 2014] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) km; Banswara is situated in the center of these two station. Recently railway line work in progress and final location for rail track marked by agency.

Air

The nearest airport is at Udaipur 165 kilometers (103 mi.), where there is a helipad and runways for charter planes to Talwada village airstrip around 13 kilometers (8.1 mi) from Banswara city . There is no airport at Banswara itself, but nearby at Udaipur 160 kilometers (99 mi), Indore (Madhya Pradesh) 112 kilometers (132 mi) & Ahmadabad (Guj.) 285 kilometers (177 mi) are major airport close to Banswara.

Fair and Festival

Bhil community managed to get entertainment on particulars festival occasions only. Bhills traditionally follow kharo, moto and Bhalo Dharms.

 Holi is the main festival for the tribal’s. Tribes wear their traditional dresses carrying swords and sticks and perform the “Gair dance” which is a typical tribal dance of this region.  Divasa (Haryali Amavaeya) is a festivel and it is being celebrated on the last day of first fortnight of Shravanmas. On that day special bath is performed on bullocks and animal to praise them as they are God’s different posture. Special food items will prepare on that day and enjoys with full of joy.  Aamligyaras is celebrated on the 11th day of the bright half of phalgun and unmarried boys and girls observe fast on this day. They go to a pond in the afternoon, wash themselves and bring small branches of tamarind tress. The Bhil attend the fair armed with bows, arrows and swords. This festival is held at Ghodi Ranchod, Bhim Kund, Sagmeshwar, etc.  Baneshwar Fair : The baggiest tribal fair is held at Baneshwar at the confluakhence of Mahi, Som and Jhakham, which are delivered to be holy rivers of the region. A number of tribal’s from Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan gather to immerse the mortal remains of the dead. They worship, sing and dance on Magh Purnima falls sometime in the month of February, which is considered to be a holy period of this region fairs is Maghion. It starts in Magh Shukla Gyaras and Magh Krishna Panchami (peak period of this fair is Magh Purnima). International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity Page 43 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 5 Issue 4 [Year 2014] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print)

 Ghotia Amba Fair : This is a colorful and traditional fair held every year from Chaitra Thrayodashi to Chaitra Shukla Duje. The Bhils gather to take a holy dip in the tank near temple with idols of Pandavas. They demonstrate their faith in the holy mango trees and Kaila pani.  Mangarh is in important fair of the tribal’s and is held on Margshirsh Purnima. At this fair the tribal’s of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat participate and they pay tribute to Guru Govindgiri, founded of the Samp sabha.  Paryushan : Due to dominance of Jain people, their Paryushan is an important festival in this city. This festival affects the business of the city as Jain People are busy for a period of ten days. At the end of this festival the organization of garba and res is of great attraction to everybody. Paryushan is the most famous festival among Jain people.

Communication Facilities

 Number of post offices 276  Number of Telegraph offices 58  Number of Telephone offices 34  Number of Public cell offices 815

Religious Places

Vagvar Sammed Shikhar Teerth Nasiyaji (Nougama), Andeshwar Parshwanath Teerth, Mandir Barodiyan Nandnimata, Shree Sundaria Temple Umari (Talwara), Shree Bhrahmaji’s Temple, Shree Gatrod Dham (Choupasag Partapur). There are many Jain temples: Sheryansnath digambar Jain temple in Khandu colony, Shri Godi Parshwanath Temple in Oswalwara, Dadawadi Nai Abadi, Navgarh Adinath Jinalaya Temple in Suryanand , Sumitnath Digambar Jain Mandir in Bahubali Colony. Dawoodi Bohras have a dargah of About Rasul Saheed in Banswara.

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Medical and Public Health Service

 Number of Hospitals - 5  Number of Dispensaries - 3  Number of Primary Health centers - 42  Number of Communities Health centers - 13  Number of T.B Hospitals - 1  Number of Sub-Health centers – 401

Education

Schools and higher educational institution in Banswara are administered either by the Directorate of Education, the government, or private organization. In 2008-2009, there were 1,995 primary and middle school, 283 secondary and senior secondary schools in the city. The higher education institution in the city included Two Govt. P.G Colleges and Eight private colleges. For Technical education one Govt. POLYTECHNIC & one Govt. ENGINEERING COLLEGE & Two ITI s.

Media

The focus on political reportage, including regular television broadcast of Indian parliament sessions. Much country – wide media agencies, among them the state –owned Press Trust of India and Doordarshan, are based in the city. Television programming in the city includes two free terrestrial television channels offered by Doordarshan, and several , English and regional-languages cable channels offered by multi-system operators. Satellite television, in contrast, is yet to gain large-scale subscribership in the city.

Sports

As in the rest of India, cricket is the most popular sports in the city. There are several cricket ground located across the city, including the kushalbagh ground and college ground, one of the oldest cricket grounds also has the status as venue for cricket matches. Many archers of the city also made it to the top level. Other sports such as field hockey, football, basketball, tennis,

International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity Page 45 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 5 Issue 4 [Year 2014] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) badminton and table tennis are also popular in the city. Hanumat Singh, from the royal family of Banswara was a renowned cricketer of India.

Religious Places

 Shri Satya Kabir Temple  Bramha Temple  Madareshwer Temple  Paracheda  Raj Mandir  Ram kund  Sai Baba Mandir  Tripura Sundari  Andeshwar Parshvnath Temple

Water gateways

 Anand Sagar Lake  Diablab Lake  Mahi Dam

Picnic Places

 Bhim Kund  Kagdi Pick Up Weir  Chacha Kota  Kadeliya Fall  Jua Fall

Places of Historical & Archeological Importance

 Talwara  Bramha Mandir Chhinch

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Temples  Jain Temples of Kalinjara & Nugama  Palace

References

 Collector Department, Banswara District, Published Report (2011)  Deheriya Rajendra (1998)”Tribal Art and Culture of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, Bhil and Gond Tribe” University Publication, New Delhi.  Dtta Raghav (2010) “Global health case study Bhil Tribe of Dang District Gujarat, Western India” University Publication, New Delhi.  Jain Prakash Chandra (1991) “Social moment Among Tribal’s : A Sociological of Bhil of Rajasthan” Rawat Publication Rajasthan.  Matur Narendra (2000) “Tribes of India” University Publication, New Delhi.  Nayak T.B (1990) “The Bhil Tribe of Rajasthan” University Publication, New Delhi.  Shrivastava Anita (2010) “Tribal Culture, Community and change : A case study of Bhil in Rajasthan” mittal Publication Jaipur Rajasthan.  Censes of India, Government Publication (2011)  Censes of India, Government Publication (2001)

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