Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pratapgarh-Padi of NH 113 Final Detailed Project Report Volume V: Social Impact Assessment & RAP

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

E.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRT&H), Government of has taken up Public Disclosure Authorized National Highways Improvement Inter-Connectivity Project (NHIIP) for strengthening and upgrading of various single/intermediate/sub-standard two lane National Highways to 2 lane/ 2 lane with paved shoulders. A total of 33 project roads have been selected by MoRT&H for improvements. Project roads covered under Phase I of NHIIP are likely to be implemented with World Bank (WB) assistance. The objective of the NHIIP is to provide better connectivity of various existing National Highways in the country and induce socio- economic development in the project area. NH 113 connects in with in . The highway

Public Disclosure Authorized originates from junction of NH 79 at Nimbahera in Rajasthan passing through – Bari – Pratapgarh – Pipalkhunt - Ghatol – – Padi – Kalinjera to Gujrat covering Zalod, Limbdi and Dahod. It covers a distance of 264.000 km of which 224.600 km is in Rajasthan and 39.40 km in Gujarat. The proposed project stretch is Contract Package No. SP/D/1 which starts from km 80.000 and end at km 180.000. It is located in southern part of Rajasthan State.

The selected section of project road starts at Pratapgarh (km 80+000) in Pratapgarh district and ends near Padi (km 180+000) in in the State of Rajasthan. Total Public Disclosure Authorized length of the existing project road is 100.000 km. It passes through 57 villages coming in four tehsils Pratapgarh, Peepalkhut in Pratapgarh district and Ghatol and Banswara in Banswara district of Rajasthan. These districts come under the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India. For the purpose of the study, administrative boundaries of the districts through which the project road traverses has been considered as the Project Influence Area (PIA) whereas boundaries of villages and towns in which upgrading of project road is likely to affect land, structure and other properties have been considered as Direct Impact Zone (DIZ). Since more than 50 percent of the affected household are STs

Public Disclosure Authorized and SCs and thus the RAP covers all these groups and in addition the TDP has been developed and included in this report to ensure compliance with OP 4.10 and national

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laws, and also ensure that mitigation is provided for negative impacts along with some additional facilities.

E.2 SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA

The Pratapgarh District has 868, 231 population and Banswara District 1798,194 Population as per 2011 Census of India. The ST population in Pratapgarh and Banswara districts is 59.94% and 72.27% respectively. Literacy rate 57.20% of Banswara district is higher than Pratapgarh 56.30% respectively. The area falls under fifth and sixth Schedule category of the Constitution of India which aims at targeted social and economic development of the STs and SCs

E.3 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT PLAN

Additional land area is needed for various purposes namely, widening of project road, junction improvement, approach to bridges, bypass, realignment, etc. Additional land width is needed throughout the project road stretch. Approximately 125.001 hectare of additional land area which includes 30.020 ha of Govt. land, 42.353 ha forest land and 52.6297.33 ha private land would be required for the project road from 57 revenue villages. Efforts have been made to minimize the adverse impacts of the project by (i) utilizing available ROW as much as possible, (ii) proposing concentric widening in urban stretches, (iii) adopting the principle of actual land requirements in open sections of project stretch instead of having a uniform land width throughout the road stretch, and (iv) provision of bypass for Banswara town.

E.4 PUBLIC INFORMATION AND CONSULTATIONS

Public information and consultations were held during the social screening, census and socio-economic survey stages which covered individual consultations, public meeting, focus group discussion, in-depth interviews, etc. It ensured participation of potential project affected persons (PAPs), local community and other stakeholders.

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People were informed in advance, and allowed to participate in free and fair manner. This resulted in active participation by the people in making meaningful contribution during project preparation stage. Specific consultations were also held under Panchayat Extension of Scheduled Area Act (PESA), 1996and Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006 …..

During consultations brief description about the project, road development agency, involvement of the funding agency, likely adverse impacts and positive impacts, employment generation, etc were discussed and initial opinion of people were solicited.

Hand drawn sketches were used to explain broadly the proposed improvement plan and likely adverse impacts. Concerns, views and suggestions expressed by the participants during these consultations have been shared with design team for minimizing the impacts wherever possible. Consultations were held at 26 places during the project preparation.

Concerns and apprehensions expressed by the community covered compensation amount for land, structure and other assets, impacts on structures, impact on religious structures, impacts on sources of earning, likely hood of being displaced, road accidents, etc. Overall, project affected persons and other stakeholders are in favour of the proposed project. The community perceives that the project will help development in the area and also generate employment opportunities.

E.5 PROJECT IMPACTS

Socio-economic profile of the project affected households has been worked out on the basis of Census & Socio-economic survey conducted for structures and other properties likely to be affected. PAHs comprise both and Muslims. PAHs constitute of 54.34% schedule tribes where as SC, and all others accounts for balance 45.64%

A total of 2509 PAPs comprising 1311 males (52.25%) and 1198 (47.74%) females from 414 households are likely to be affected by the proposed widening and upgrading of the project road. There are 913 females per thousand males. Family types of PAHs have been categorized based on the number of members in the family. 11.59% of the households belong to nuclear families, 64.97% lives in joint families and extended families constitute

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of 23.42% of the total affected household. The average size of the household works out to be 6.0 members.

Of the total 414 PAHs, 347 PAHs are likely to lose land, 61 households are likely to lose structures and 6 kiosks (commercial structures As per the findings of the survey 43.28% of the head of the households are illiterate, primary level literate constitute of 29.77%, followed by those who have completed their secondary education 22.0%, while graduates and post graduate/technically educated accounts for 3.94% and 0.99% respectively.

Occupational profile indicates that 70.77 % of the households are engaged in agriculture and related activities followed by non agriculture wage labourers 16.34%, others which include service professional ,trade, business and self employed comprise of about 12.86% of the total households. It may be summarized that the economy of the area is largely dependent on agriculture and allied activities.

Households having annual income of less than Rs. 36000 comprise of 67.65% of the total PAHs whereas 24.86% of the PAHs indicated annual income between Rs. 36000 to 60,000. The income level of 7.47% of the households is more than Rs. 60000 per annum. Out of the total 414 households who indicate their monthly income of less than equal to Rs 2500 are 38.49% which includes SCs. STs, BPLs, General and other socially vulnerable groups.

Vulnerable households have been identified as defined in the Resettlement Policy Framework for the project They include head of the household who is 65 years & above in age, households covered under below poverty line (BPL), WHH, ST, SC and PHH e.t.c. A total of 304 households (including kiosks) have been identified as vulnerable.

Adverse impacts of the project are distributed all along the project stretch. However, major impacts would be experienced at Banswara only. A total of 79 structures including CPRs and Kiosks have been identified which are likely to be affected. Of the total structures likely to be affected 77.21% include title holders, encroachers and squatters excluding kiosks. Of the total number of structures likely to be affected 40.50% are of titleholders, followed by squatters and encroachers (36.70%) excluding kiosk. 12 CPRs comprising government, community, religious structures, etc are likely to be affected MoRT&H 8-4

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which constitute 15.18% of the total structures likely to be affected within the proposed right of way. Temporary structures together constitute about 6.32% of the total structures likely to be affected.

Structures likely to be affected have been also been identified by its present use such as 51.89% of them are used for residential purpose. This is followed by structures used for commercial purposes constitute to be 22.78%, residential cum commercial structure by usage constitute of 10.12%.

Kiosks constitute 7.59% of the total structures. It has been identified as a separate category.

E.6 R & R PRINCIPLES, POLICY FRAME WORK & ENTITLEMENT MATRIX A Resettlement Policy Framework has been prepared by the Ministry of Road, Transport & Highways of Government of India for National Highways Inter-Connectivity Improvement Project (NHIIP). This RPF includes resettlement and rehabilitation principles and approach which is to be followed in minimizing and mitigating adverse impacts likely to be caused by the project implementation, entitlements as per eligibility criteria and commensurate to the type and nature of impact, institutional arrangements, monitoring and evaluation and grievance redressal mechanism etc. E.7 GENDER ISSUE & WOMENS PARTICIPATION

Only four women headed households are likely to be affected by the proposed project. They constitute 0.69% of the total affected households.. Socio-economic parameters like literacy, work force participation rate and general health conditions etc. reveal that social status of women is low respectively, thereby brought forward the scope of considering the households headed by women as vulnerable. Participation of women has been envisaged specifically in the pre- planning and planning stages. These include: inclusion of women members as investigators/facilitators in the NGO/Consultancy firm for RAP implementation; encouragement in evaluate the project outputs with specific gender indicators. All assistance would be paid in a joint account in the name of both the spouses; involvement in construction activities by provision of preference in labor opportunities, temporary Housing, health centre, day crèches, and wherever feasible, primary educational facilities could be extended. MoRT&H 8-5

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E.8 TRIBAL IMPACT MITIGATION AND DEVELOPMENT . Both the affected districts are in declared Schedule area under Indian Constitution. loss of livelihood to the affected ST caused by road widening and development may aggravate the disadvantaged condition unless special attention is paid to them. Indian Constitution has given foundation to the government for formulating special programs to develop these vulnerable groups. In this connection an assessment of impacts specifically on Scheduled Tribes (ST) has been done during the social assessment.

A total of 225 ST HH is likely to be affected which includes 1360 persons (51.10% are males and 48.970% are females). The sex ratio is 959 .

The illiteracy among the affected persons is 47.86%, primary level educated are 33.75%, secondary level literate constitute of 15.07%, graduates’ account for 2.79% while post graduation / Technical Education accounts for 0.51% respectively. Most of the population is literate to the primary or secondary level. The ST employed persons is 41.02% of the total population. The main occupation of the people is agriculture or related activities for both male and female workers Since majority of population in the area are tribal and more than 50 percent of the project affected are tribal all the requirements of the Operation policy on indigenous People has been taken into account during the preparation of RAP. Provision for creation of community assets for common use has also been made as additional measures for the benefit of scheduled caste and schedule tribe communities along the project road and is detailed under a separate chapter on Tribal development Plan.

E.9 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR RAP AND TDP IMPLEMENTATION

Institutional arrangements for RAP including TDP implementation include engagement of Implementation Agency (NGO/ Consultancy Firm), designated R&R Officer at sub- project level, formation of District Level Replacement Cost Committee and Grievance Redressal Committee, appointed and/ or designated Land Acquisition cum Social Development Officer at State Level, and engagement of PMC and M&E agencies at Central Level. The resettlement and rehabilitation assistance to project affected persons MoRT&H 8-6

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shall be provided in accordance with the entitlement matrix contained in the RPF. Besides, capacity building plan have been proposed for all staffs involved in the implementation of RAP including TDP at all three levels. Training to implementation agency staff will be provided from time to time as part of capacity building plan.

E.10 DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION PLAN

The Right to Information Act (RTI), 2005 provides for setting out the practical regime of RTI for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability. The process for obtaining information and details of designated officials will be posted on the MoRTH website http://www.morth.nic.in. Feedback if any would be incorporated into the final RAP document. The list of PAPs for disbursement of benefits shall be separately disclosed at the concerned Panchayat Offices/ Urban Local Bodies, District Collector Offices, Block development Offices, District Public Relations Offices (at the state and district levels), Project office, and any other relevant offices, etc.

The consultation plan aims to ensure peoples’ continued participation in the implementation phase and to promote public understanding and fruitful solutions of developmental problems The Suggestion and Complaint Handling Mechanism (SCHM) will report project related complaints/concerns at all levels of institutions—MoRTH, State, Project/site level. During consultations the RAP IA personnel will explain the process of SCHM in detail. Several communication channels viz., toll free phone number, dedicated email, mechanism for on line submission of suggestions/complaints/inquiries, provision of suggestion/complaint box (at site and project office), post and other suitable means shall be set up for suggestion and complaint handling.

E.11 MONITORING AND EVALUATION (M&E)

The overall purpose of the monitoring is to keep track of the implementation processes and progress, achievement of performance targets fixed in the annual work plans, learning lessons and taking corrective actions to deal with emerging constraints and

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issues. The evaluation study will focus on assessing whether the overall objectives of the project are being met and will use the defined impact indicators as a basis for evaluation. Reports on the progress of RAP and TDP implementation including mobilization of staff members, opening of site offices, etc of the project would be prepared by Implementation agency and submitted to the R&R officer at sub-project level. The Monthly Progress Report shall be prepared by the Implementation agency. Quarterly Progress Reports shall be prepared by LA cum SDO, and six monthly progress reports shall be prepared by M&E agency. Evaluation Report shall be prepared by the M&E agency at the end of the project implementation as part of the project completion report.

E.12 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT AND SCHEDULE

A time period of 30 months has been allocated for the implementation of RAP including TDP in view of substantial land acquisition involved..

E.13 GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MACHANISM

Any disputes or grievances will be addressed through the grievance redressal mechanism proposed here. The GRCs are expected to resolve the grievances of the eligible persons within a stipulated time. The decision of the GRCs is binding, unless vacated by court of law.

The GRC will comprise five members headed by a retired Magistrate not below the rank of SDM. Other members of the GRC will include a retired PWD Officer (not below the rank of Executive Engineer), RRO, representative of PAPs and Sarpanch (Elected Head of Village) of the concerned village. Grievances of PAPs in writing will be brought to GRC for redressal by the RAP implementation agency. The RAP implementation agency will provide all necessary help to PAPs in presenting his/her case before the GRC. The GRC will respond to the grievance within 15 days. The GRC will normally meet once in a month but may meet more frequently, if the situation so demands. A time period of 45 days will be available for redressing the grievance of PAPs. The decision of the GRC will

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not be binding to PAPs. This means the decision of the GRC does not debar PAPs taking recourse to court of law, if he/she so desires.

E.14 REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT BUDGET

Based on the Entitlement Matrix, the R&R budget for the Pratapgarh-Padi has been estimated It comprises of two broad components namely compensation and assistance.

The total estimated R&R budget for the project works out to Rs. 8937.13lakh of which Rs. 8045.26 lakhs is towards compensation for land and structures and Rs. 891.87 lakhs as R&R assistance.

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CHAPTER-8 TRIBAL IMPACT MITIGATION AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN

8.1 INTRODUCTION

The census surveys and consultation with tribal groups along the project stretch was conducted. The tribal issues were identified that needs to be addressed under the project. Indian Constitution has given foundation to the government for formulating special programs to develop these vulnerable groups. Article 46, of the Constitution of India has entrusted the State with the responsibility of promoting the economic and educational interests of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The Constitution of India makes special provisions in the “Fifth Schedule” and the “Sixth Schedule” with regard to land alienation and other social factors.

Typically, vulnerability is relatively high among Scheduled tribes/indigenous people. Dislocation and loss of livelihood caused by road widening and development may cause adverse impacts on tribal population of the area, unless special attention is paid to them. In this connection an assessment of impacts specifically on Scheduled Tribes (ST) has been done during the social assessment. This chapter discusses the issues/ impacts likely to be caused due to proposed project interventions and actions necessary to mitigate the impact.

8.2 STATUS OF SCHEDULE TRIBES IN THE PROJECT AREA

Rajasthan is one of the significant states of India where over 500 tribes are notified under article 342 of the Constitution of India. The category classified as “Scheduled Tribes” constitutes 8.2% of the total population of the country, and 12.6% of the total population of Rajasthan. As of 2001, there were 7.1 million STs in the state, of which 3.4 million were women (48%) (Census of India 2001) The STs are overwhelmingly rural, as 94.6 per cent of them inhabit rural areas, compared with the state average of

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76.6 per cent.

Out of the twelve tribes scheduled for the State, Meena is the most populous tribe, having a population of 3,799,971 constituting 53.5 % of the total ST population followed by Bhil (2,805,948). Meena and Bhil together constitute 93% of the total STs in the state, whereas the , Damor, Dhanka and Saharia combine to form 6.6 % of the total ST population. Six tribes, Bhil Meena, Naikda, Kathodi, Patelia, Kokna and Koli Dhor along with the generic tribes constitute the residual 0.3 % of the total tribal population. The concentration of these tribes in the districts is as shown in table 8.1 below.

Table-8.1 Area wise Tribal Group Distribution in Rajasthan Tribal Group Area/s Bhil , , Banswara and Meena , , , Chittorgarh and Udaipur Damor In the 10-12 Panchayats of Damriya region of Panchayat (Dungarpur) Khatodi In ( District) () in Desiya, Ambasa (Panawa) regions Garasiya In , in and around area in 24 villages comprising the “Bhakkar Patta” Sahariya In the Hadothi region, Shahbad and Kishanganj villages and the jungles of Baran Patelia Dungarpur and Banswara

Source: htt://www.rvkp.org/vanvasi Anchal.htm (accessed December 30, 2011

8.2.1 District Pratapgarh

Pratapgarh is newest constituted district in Rajasthan state. It came into existence on 26th January, 2008 as 33rd district of Rajasthan. It was carved out from Chittorgarh, Banswara & Udaipur districts. In Pratapgarh the total tribal population constitutes of 21.5%. The district has about 45% of its area under forestland. With Meena tribals

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predominating in the population, the area falls under Schedule V category of the Constitution. 65% of the local population are poor and fall below the poverty line. Common lands (grazing and forest) comprise a major portion of the landscape, with habitations and villages scattered in between. However, a number of factors, such as unfavorable tenure arrangements, weakening protection and management systems, overgrazing, and illegal tree felling, together have contributed to the degradation of the land over the years.

8.2.2 Banswara District

The Scheduled Tribe district, Banswara, has a Scheduled Tribe population of 1 085 272, that is, 12.57 percent of India’s tribal population. Banswara has the highest tribal population constituting to 72.3%. The largest forest-dwelling marginalized Scheduled Tribes in the district are the Bhil. Historically, the Bhil in this region have struggled to maintain their identity and customary tenure rights by resisting the dominant groups in society. The Bhils continue to recognize the traditional system of social control and stay in a falia (hamlet) that represents a common clan.

8.3 METHODOLOGY FOR TRIBAL ISSUES

Structured questionnaires and group discussion were conducted during social survey and Gram Sabhas etc were used to assess the impact. The data collected through Census of India and other authentic sources were used as additional source of information for social assessment of the tribes.

8.3.1 Consultation Methodology

Consultations was carried out with the likely affected tribal population in a culturally appropriate manner using local languages where needed. It took place in different modes – one on one interaction during household survey and group meetings along with other PAPs. Most of the village level consultations were carried out during the social screening and detailed Social Impact assessment and these were in addition to the focus group discussions and interviews with individual ST affected Households. All of these MoRT&H 8-12

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consultations were pre prior, and informed to the affected tribal people. During specific consultation, issues like land acquisition, relocation, options and preferences in relocation, compensation, assistance and income generation strategies like requirement of training to enhance the individual skills etc. were discussed.

8.4 GRAM SABHA UNDER PESA 1996

Project road traverses through two Districts namely Pratapgarh (Pratapgarh and Peepalkhunt tehsils) and Banswara (Ghatol and Banswara Tehsils). Both the districts are listed under the Schedule V of constitution of India therefore, it is mandatory to conduct the Gram Sabha in these project affected villages as per the prescribed procedure with the minimum 15 days notices period from the Block Development Officer (BDO) of the respective panchayats. The required Gram Sabha has been conducted in the project affected villages of Pratapgarh and Banswara district under PESA (Panchayat Extension in Schedule Areas) Act 1996 and the NOC (No Objection Certificate) has been acquired from the village Panchayat Sámities. Similarly, Gram Sabhas has been conducted under FRA 2006 in the project affected villages of both the districts where any forest land is getting affected by the proposed project. During these Gram Sabhas, an especial attention was given on the tribal issues, their rights to land and appropriate mitigation options. List of villages where Gram Sabhas has been conducted is provided in annexure-8.1.

Gram Sabhas has been organized by the Social Experts and consultants of the proposed project in the presence of Sarpanch, Sectary of Panchayat Sámities, and PWD NHAI Division Engineers of both the districts of the project affected villages. The Gram Sabhas conducted to understand the type and nature of support required to enhance the economic and social status of Schedule Tribe population in the project affected area.

During the above meeting and discussion the following demands/ suggestion have been received from the Tribal community of the villages. The following training can be organized by the NGOs in the affected villages to develop the ST community with close

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coordination with local administration. Appropriate budget provision has been made for the proposed trainings.

8.4.1 Consultation Process PESA Act 1996 District/ Tehsil: Pratapgarh S. Village Village Demands/ Date Time Place Officer No Panchayat Name Suggestions 1 Monohargarh Makanpura 26.12.2012 11.30AM Panchayat Shri H G Sharma Appropriate Bhawan Compensation

District/ Tehsil: Pratapgarh / Peepalkhut S. Village Village Date Time Place Demands/ Suggestions No Panchayat Name

1 Kachotiya Kachotiya, 02.01.2013 10.30AM Panchayat  Vocational Training Padliya Bhawan, Programs such as Kachotiya 1.Computer Training, 2.English Speaking, 2 Suhagpura Mota 03.01.2013 10.30AM Rajiv Gandi Mayanga, Sava Kendra, 3. Advance Framing Chayan, Suhagpura Techniques in Poultry, Banjari Agriculture 3 Semaliya Semaliya, 04.01.2013 11.00AM Panchayat  Employment for the Kataro ka Bhawan, trained persons. Khera A, Semaliya Vakhatpura 4 Sodalpur Kataro ka 04.01.2013 02.00PM Panchayat Khera B Bhawan, Sodalpur 5 Peepalkhut Peepalkhut 05.01.2013 11.30AM Rajiv Gandhi Seva Kendra

District/ Tehsil: Ghatol S. Village Village Date Time Place Demands/ Suggestions No Panchayat Name

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Near old Small land holdings. 1 10.12.2012 2.30 pm Govt. Many families depend on the quarters agriculture land. Ghatol Ghatol Livelihood will be affected Near old 2. 11.12.2013 12.30 pm majorly. NOC not obtained. bypass Refer Annexure 4.2.

S. Village Village Date Time Place Demands/ Suggestions No Panchayat Name 1 Banswara Mudasel 07.01.2013 11.00 AM Panchayat Employment for the trained Bhawan persons. 2 Bhagora ka 07.01.2013 01.30 PM Panchayat Khera Bhawan Rural Development Programs 3 Khamera Uadaji 07.01.2013 04.00 PM Panchayat such as DRDA, NERGA, Gada Bhawan other new Govt. schemes.

4 Savniya Savniya 08.01.2013 11.00 AM Rajiv Gandhi Seva Kendra 5 Devda Devda 08.01.2013 01.00 PM Rajiv Gandhi Seva Kendra 6 Padoli Padoli 08.01.2013 03.00 PM Rajiv Govordhan Govordhan Gandhi Seva Kendra 7 Senawasa Senawasa 09.01.2013 11.00 AM Rajiv Gandhi Seva Kendra

District/ Tehsil: Banswara S. Village Village Demands/ Date Time Place Officer No Panchayat Name Suggestions 1 Bargaon Bargaon 12.02.2013 11.00AM Panhayat Shri Pramod New Employment Bhawan Bhatt opportunities, 2 Lodha Janamedi 12.02.2013 02.00PM Panchayat Shri Valchand appropriate Bhawan Khaja compensation for MoRT&H 8-15

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S. Village Village Demands/ Date Time Place Officer No Panchayat Name Suggestions 3 Koupda Koupda, 13.02.2013 11.00AM Rajiv Shri Pramod the land, training Ganpatpura Gandhi Bhatt or job for one Seva person in the Kendra family. Some 4 Bhachadriy Bhachadriy 13.02.2013 02.00PM Panhayat Shri Pramod affected persons a a, Dushera, Bhawan Bhatt demanded 5 to 10 Amarpura times more 5 Tamtiya Tamtiya, 14.02.2013 11.00AM Rajiv Shri Umesh compensation. Ada Odhar ji Gandhi Pandiya Some demanded Padha Seva extra land in return Kendra after acquisition. 6 Sundanpur Shivpura 14.02.2013 02.00PM Rajiv Shri Pramod Life time pension Gandhi Bhatt facility to head of Seva the affected Kendra family. 7 Tejpur Tejpur, 15.02.2013 11.00AM Rajiv Shri Pramod Compensation for Harmatiya Gandhi Bhatt 132 feet land from Seva road center. They Kendra did not agree upon 8 Makod Makod 15.02.2013 02.00PM Rajiv Shri Pramod the compensation Gandhi Bhatt of 15 m land from Seva road center. (Total Kendra 30m ROW given 9 Sevana Sevana 16.02.2013 11.00AM Rajiv Shri Pramod in Banswara Gandhi Bhatt bypass). Seva Due to land Kendra acquisition some 10 Surpur Surpur, 16.02.2013 02.00PM Rajiv Shri Pramod affected persons Bhagatpura Gandhi Bhatt demanded Seva construction Kendra permission for 11 Borwat Borwat 18.02.2013 11.00AM Rajiv Shri Valchand House or Shop Gandhi Khaja after 15m Seva distance from the Kendra center line of 12 Sagrod Sagrod 18.02.2013 02.00PM Rajiv Shri Valchand Gandhi Khaja road. Seva Kendra Source: Gram Sabha under PESA Act by CEG

8.5 SOCIAL ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT AFFECTED TRIBALS

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stricken, Below Poverty Line (BPL) or marginalized groups. The new infrastructure in the villages being developed in the recent times has lead to access to education and primary health centers. While still for higher education or hospitals they have to approach the city or the nearby well developed areas. The STs are getting benefitted under various government schemes. The change can be well observed among the tribal people as they are shunning away from those tradition and customs which hamper their growth. Most of the Households have adopted nuclear family system, girls are getting educated, child marriages are restricted, many getting higher education like B.Ed., computer training, mobile repairing etc.

8.5.1 Direct Impact Zone

In these villages majority of tribes have adopted the culture and life style of the main stream population. Therefore, it is very difficult to distinguish them on the basis of their culture and life style.

Schedule Tribe Households constitutes of 54.34 % which is a significant of the total Households in the project affected villages. The total ST affected Households are 225 in both the districts.

8.6 PROJECT AFFECTED TRIBAL POPULATIONS AND THEIR SOCIO- ECONOMIC STATUS 8.6.1 Affected Tribal Households

Out of the total impacted Households 225 ST Households would be affected by the proposed project. In the SES & Census survey conducted the ST lands owners were 268 and structures were 6. The analysis is given below in the table 8.2.

Table-8.2: Project Affected Schedule Tribe Households S. No Description ST Households 1. Affected private 6 structures

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2. Affected by Land 219 Total 225 Source: Census & SES Survey, CEG

8.6.2 Affected Tribal Population

The data in below Table 8.3 reveals the total ST persons to be affected in the proposed project. 225 are the ST Households in which 1360 persons are getting affected. The average family size in Pratapgarh is 5.9 and in Banswara are 6.1 persons.

Table-8.3: Project Affected Schedule Tribe Population S. Affected Affected Percentage of Description Family Size No Households Persons Affected Persons 1. Pratapgarh 63 372 27.35 5.9 2. Banswara 162 988 72.64 6.1 Total 225 1360 99.99 - Source: Census & SES Survey, CEG

8.7 DISTRICT WISE POPULATION

The average household size of the tribal population in the area estimated is 6. As the Table 8.4 show that Banswara tehsil has the maximum number of affected ST Households. The ST households and PAPs have been segregated in two i.e. existing alignment and in bypass affected ST households and PAPs. Given below is the description of district and tehsil wise ST Households and persons distribution.

Table-8.4: District and Tehsil wise Population Distribution ST Households PAPs Existing Existing In By District Tehsil In By Pass Alignment Alignment Pass Pratapgarh Pratapgarh 2 - 12 - Peepalkhunt 61 - 360 - Banswara Ghatol 58 - 354 -

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Banswara 10 94 61 573 Total 131 94 787 573 225 1360 Percentile 47.81 52.18 47.43 52.56 Source: Census & SES Survey, CEG

8.7.1 Marital Status

As per socio-economic survey of the ST Households the marital status of project affected persons is given. Married are 86.98%, unmarried constitutes of 12.50% and widowed are 0.51 %. Marital status of tribal population is mentioned in Table 8.5.

Table-8.5: Marital Status of ST PAPs

Marital Status of ST PAPs District Wise Total Married Unmarried Widowed Pratapgarh 329 41 2 372 Banswara 854 129 5 988 Total 1183 170 7 1360 Percentile 86.98 12.50 0.51 99.99 Source: Census & SES Survey, CEG

8.7.2 Age Structure

The most of the PAPs fall under the productive category of 38.60% which is 19-40 age groups. A significant number has also been noticed for the 41-60 age groups which is 32.86 %. Details are in table 8.6 as follows:

Table-8.6: Age Structure of ST PAPs

Age Group (Years) 0-18 19-40 41-60 60 & Above District Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

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Pratapgarh 25 24 71 68 57 56 37 34 372 Banswara 81 74 195 191 169 165 59 54 988 Total 106 98 266 259 226 221 96 88 1360 204 525 447 184 Percentile 15.00 38.60 32.86 13.52 99.98 Source: Census & SES Survey, CEG

8.7.3 Educational Status

Majority of the project affected tribals are educated upto Primary level constituting to 33.75%, illiterate are 47.86%, 2.79% are Graduate, Post graduate and Technical Education combines to 0.51%. The STs are aware of the benefits of educating their children regardless of boy and girl. Rajasthan Government is also supporting especially girl’s education as they provide free books, cycles to girls, mid day meal, special provisions for those girls who score higher percentage such giving computers/ laptops etc. Details have been provided in table 8.7 below.

Table-8.7: Educational Status of ST PAPs

Literacy Level Pratapgarh Banswara Total % Illiteracy 129 522 651 47.86 Primary 155 304 459 33.75 Secondary 77 128 205 15.07 Graduate 9 29 38 2.79 Post Graduate/ Technical Education 2 5 7 0.51 Total 372 988 1360 99.98 Source: Census & SES Survey, CEG

8.7.4 Employment and Occupation Status

Share of employed project affected persons is 41.02 %. The employed persons in both MoRT&H 8-20

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the districts are mainly engaged in yearly employment. The main occupation of the people is agriculture both male and female workers are engaged. Agriculture labourers are mainly males who work around their village. Both males and females work in NEREGA schemes as marginal workers also. Table 8.8 & 8.9 shows the employment status of ST PAPs and occupation pattern of St PAPs

Table-8.8: Employment Status of ST PAPs Employment Status Pratapgarh Banswara Total % Employed 97 461 558 41.02 Unemployed 275 527 802 58.97 Total 372 988 1360 99.99 Source: Census & SES Survey, CEG

Table-8.9: Occupation Pattern of ST PAHs Occupation Pattern Pratapgarh Banswara Total %

Agriculture/Agriculture Labourer 52 60 112 49.77

Non- Agriculture Labourer 38 42 80 35.55

Salaried 2 17 19 8.44

Business 5 9 14 6.22

Total 63 162 225 99.98

Source: Census & SES Survey, CEG

8.7.5 Language and Culture

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with their appearance. Also they are giving away those practices which hamper their growth such as child marriage, not spending much on social functions, adopting new techniques in work etc.

8.7.6 Income

The income level of the project affected families is low. In the whole project stretch most of the families come under BPL category. There were few who have completed their higher education but still they are not getting employment. Many PAPs are school drop outs as they are only educated to primary level. This is one of the major reasons of people working more as agriculture laboureres or daily wagers. Table 8.10 shows the income status of employment ST PAPs.

Table-8.10: Income Status of Employment ST PAHs

Income Level (Units in Rs Monthly) Pratapgarh Banswara Total %

Below 2,000 7 18 25 11.01

2,000-3,000 31 82 113 50.22

3,000-4,000 22 56 78 34.65

Above 4,000 3 6 9 4.11

Total 63 162 225 99.99

Source: Census & SES Survey, CEG

8.7.7 Live Stock Assets

In the ST households mostly every households has atleast 1 live stock with them. For extra income they sell poultry such as eggs, hens etc, also trade milk in the main markets. Goats are mostly sold in the haat bazaars or during special occasions. Table 8.11 shows the classification of live stock assets.

Table-8.11: Classification of Live Stock Assets MoRT&H 8-22

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District Cow Buffaloes Ox Goats Poultry Others Total

Pratapgarh 78 55 25 55 - - 213

Banswara 139 156 15 213 19 - 542

Total 217 211 40 268 19 - 755

Source: Census & SES Survey, CEG

8.7.8 Material Assets

In the ST households it was found that mobile was the most common material asset with the people.

Table-8.12: Classification of Material Assets

Particulars Pratapgarh Banswara

Mobile 22 71

Two- Wheeler 7 20

Four Wheeler 1 -

Cycle 5 11

Television 2 12

Others - 3

Total 37 117

Source: Census & SES Survey, CEG

8.8 POTENTIAL IMPACT ON TRIBAL POPULATION

8.8.1 Impact on Land Khasra

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331 land plotss are likely to get affected in both the districts. The existing RoW of the road will be developed into 2 lanes with paved shoulders, covered drains with footpath and railing either side as safety measures. The land plots have been segregatedinto those affected by existing alignment and those that lie within in proposed bypass. Tehsil wise Impact on land of ST land owners is given below in table 8.12.

Table-8.13: Impact on Land Numbers of ST Khasra Number of Villages of Affected Affected ST Land owners

Districts Tehsil Existing In By Pass Existing In By Pass Alignment Alignment

Pratapgarh Pratapgarh 2 - 1 - Peepalkhut 104 - 11 - Banswara Ghatol 90 - 12 - Banswara 34 101 4 14 Total 230 101 28 14 331 42 Source: Census & SES Survey, CEG

8.8.2 Impact on Structure

The ST structure affected in the project stretch is 6. In By Pass only 1 structure is coming. Details of affected structures are provided in the table 8.13 below.

Table-8.14: Impact on Structure

Pratapgarh Banswara Type of Structure Without By Without By With By Pass With By Pass Pass Pass Permanent - - - -

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Semi- Permanent 1 - - Temporary 1 - 3 1 Total 2 4 Source: Census & SES Survey, CEG

8.9 COMPENSATION AND R&R ASSISTANCES Appropriate Compensation and R&R assistances shall be provided for identified structures on basis of Resettlement Policy Framework. Additional provisions for the affected STs has been given in the entitlement framework. Some additional or new community facility will be provided in habitations along the project road as value addition to the project. Criteria: The criteria for selection and implementation of works would be as follows: i. Habitations which have high percentage (> 50%) of SC & ST population would be selected for providing community facility/works; and ; ii. Community works shall be those that strictly benefit the larger section of the village rather than an individual or a small group/section of individuals iii. It shall facilitate only purchase of construction material and cost of design (if necessary), while the community members shall be expected to contribute with labor for the execution of the work; iv. The activity should not be already covered under some existing government scheme; v. An indicative list of works are: 1. Provision of boundary wall for education and health facilities, community building, religious structure; 2. Provision of furniture for school and health facilities 3. Provision of shelter for bus stand;

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4. Hand pumps or repair to hand pumps; 5. Repair of dug-well, other village community infrastructure; and 6. Platform for meeting place of village community or women 7. Repair works, leveling, etc. of internal paths

In selected habitations consultations with community /villagers will be held by the RAP implementation agency. The villagers will decide as to what type of community facility is needed in their habitation unanimously. A resolution in this regard will be passed by the villagers following the official procedure which will then be submitted to the Project Authority. The Project Authority either directly or through Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) shall get the design prepared and cost estimated, in case the community facility is some kind of structure. The RAP implementation agency once again will hold consultations with the community/villagers with the design. During the consultation the design engineer of the CSC shall remain present so that modifications or changes suggested by the community/villagers are incorporated. The final designed shall be accepted by the community/villagers through similar procedure i.e., by resolution.

The Project Authority will then issue a variation order to the civil contractor for execution of work. The quality monitoring will be done by the community/ villagers or by a group of community/villagers besides the usual monitoring carried out by the CSC and Project Authority.

8.10 OTHER POSSIBLE IMPACTS TO TRIBAL POPULATIONS AND MANAGEMENT/ MITIGATION MEASURES

Other direct and indirect impacts due to the construction phase which were foreseen at the surveys and consultations are listed in table below. Preferential treatment of Tribal and other vulnerable groups has been recommended as part of mitigation measures.

Anticipated Anticipated Anticipated Management/ Mitigation Phase Direct Impacts Indirect Impacts Measures Project Demand for Frustration of  Advise the contractors about the criteria Execution labor Local people not for selecting workers, prioritizing the

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Anticipated Anticipated Anticipated Management/ Mitigation Phase Direct Impacts Indirect Impacts Measures being included in people in the Project Area as long as they the construction meet the technical requirements. Give activities preference to the vulnerable especially the tribal population.  Inform the community in the Project Area about the job vacancies, identifying the number of available positions and the application requirements. This information will be given by the offices that will be opened for this purpose. Preference for Tribal and other vulnerable.  The executing agency or their contractors will train the local workers including tribal in the application of environmental, safety, and occupational health provisions, as well as in the knowledge and mandatory compliance of the Workers Code of Conduct Increase in the  Contractor to design and implement a expectations of Temporary Hiring Program for the local local population population that will anticipate the demand and stakeholders. of skilled and unskilled work force, the time the employment will last and the requirements the applicant will have to meet to be accepted. Needs of the Tribal population will have to be specially been addressed.  Inform local stakeholders, through local and regional communication media on the location of his offices where they may learn about job opportunities for laborers and the priorities that will be given to local workers. The Tribal welfare officer and the NGO may also be involved for increased participation and information dissemination. Migration to the  To decrease and control the flow of project area in population or people seeking employment order to seek in the Project area. employment  It must be made clear through the mass media that priority will be given to the people who live in the Project area and

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Anticipated Anticipated Anticipated Management/ Mitigation Phase Direct Impacts Indirect Impacts Measures especially the vulnerable including ST. Generation of Increased level of  The EA may consider mechanisms to jobs, as well as income in the allow purchasing local products, as long as an Project area the local market prices remain competitive increased and are not affected by the company's demand for Stimulation of interest. If there are any material being goods and local economy sold by a Tribal trader he may be given services (raw preference over others materials,  Offer training to local economic agencies equipment rental, for the development of small and micro food supply, enterprises. Training programmes with accommodations, Tribals may be organized. etc.) during Conflicts and  Implement a sales system to determine the construction of quarrels between best offer regarding competitive products the road suppliers and and services. contractors  The grievance redressal committee shall have representation from Tribal Welfare Department.  In other words, implement a sales system designed to locate goods and services at competitive prices, good quality and in amounts required. The possible Interaction  Wide diffusion of the Project Workers arrival of foreign between the Code of Conduct and the establishment of workers in the Project workers sanctions for offenders specially for tribal area (Foreign and the women population referring to from local  All workers and subcontractors must be workers who are populations subject to a Social Code of Conduct. not  Documentation and diffusion of training residents/locals and educational programs of the area) Risk of traffic Traffic accidents  Provide training for the project working accidents caused by force (contractors and subcontractors) on dumping the Security and Health Plan construction  Sensitization programme on safety issues material on the for end users and specifically for tribal site population.  Erect traffic signals in the critical areas of the Project.  Provide informative talks for the local population on security measures to reduce risk of accidents. MoRT&H 8-28

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Anticipated Anticipated Anticipated Management/ Mitigation Phase Direct Impacts Indirect Impacts Measures  Establish and inform drivers of the speed limits  Ensure that contractors and subcontractors implement measures to reduce or avoid potential accidents that may affect the population in the area and the Project workers themselves.  Provide speed breakers near habitations, schools and market places etc of tribal population  Hire and train security personnel devoted exclusively to preventing accidents in the access road and controlling the speed of the vehicles transporting construction material.

8.11 CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

Minor negative impacts in the proposed project were identified during the consultations which can be mitigated. The support of tribal to widen the project road was extended after ensuring mitigation to the anticipated negative impacts. The alternative option such as by pass has negative impacts which have also been agreed by the tribals as they are easily manageable. Regular consultations with the tribes are suggested during implementation of project road and construction phase.

8.12 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

At the implementation of RAP hiring of local level NGO should be given preference in the project area. The Executing Agency will lay down the standards of the appointment of NGOs in the project area. Local NGO will be given preference during the selection others things being equal. If the NGO will be from outside the region, it would be ensured to include representation from the project area in the team of field professionals. This is to ensure that the NGO team is sensitive to the socio cultural profile and practices of the project area, particularly Schedule Tribes.

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