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THE LOCUS Kumbharia Is a Small Sleepy Place Nestling in the Ridges

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THE LOCUS Kumbharia Is a Small Sleepy Place Nestling in the Ridges KUiyiBHARIA - THE LOCUS Kumbharia is a small sleepy place nestling in the ridges of Aravallis as they terminate towards the south. Apart from the natural beauty that its location endows upon it, the Jaina shrines located there make it attractive and important. Culturally too the region is significant. This is the region where the two cultures Gujarati and Rajasthani meet and mingle. And Kumbharia, is in a manner of speaking, presided over by yet another trend-Jainism. It is this location, this openness to intermingling that makes the temples of Kumbharia interesting. There is a fourth dimension as well. The region comprising of Ambaji (Abu Road) and Kumbharia was known as Arasana in medieval times. This name is obviously derived from the huge marble hills in which it abounds. 'Aras' is the name by which marble is known in Gujarati. This stone w^is exported from here and almost every struc- ture of note here is built of marble-it being the locally available stone. Mythological literature offers a number of explanations regarding the origin of the name but most of them are far-fetched and there is no reason why the most logical derivation from geographical and geological peculiari- ties should be set aside. So it is a 'Land of marble' - Arasana. Fig. 1 Kumbharia, called Arasana as stated above, lies in the modem Banaskantha district of Gujarat. It is situated about 22 km. southeast of Abu Railway station on the Ajmer- Ahmedabad section of the Western Railway. From Abu Road this distance of 22 km. can be covered up by buses, taxis which ply' between Abu Road Ambaji and Ambaji Koteswar via Kumbharia temples. A trevellar on foot from Abu Road to Kumbharia comes across the Teliya river and the villages of Siwad Surpagala and Pathan Ghowki. The earliest historical reference comes from the times of the Solanki ruler Bhim Deva I (l027 A.D.). An inscription of Vimal's temple, obviously executed after the temple was built is dated A.D. 1032 (V.S., 1088). As it took at least five years to build the temple, the construction must have been started in about 1027 A.D. The region of Arasana formed part of the Solanki empire. The history of this region prior to this date is shrouded in ignorance and mythological literature, most of it coming, from the Jainas. It presents numerous legends taking back the antiquity (Majumdar, A.K., 1964, 49) of Arasana to hoary times and linking it up with numerous deities and individuals, All these at best tell us what later authors and followers of the sect thought of what history had to be and not what 6 history as it happend, history properly so-called. However, the picture is not as dismal as it woiold appear to be. For a large number of inscriptions are to be found in the temples of Kumbharia and most of them are dated. These enable us to present a fair chronological sequence of the various events in the tectonic life of Kumbharia. They are presented below. TABULATED INFORMATION FROM THE INSCRIPTIONS IN THE VARIOUS TEMPLES - KUMBHARIA M^VIRA TEMPLE Date Location Donor Acarya Image of A.D 1061 Mulanayaka (Mahavira) V.S. 1140 Image of Sarvadeva (Son A.D. 1083 Adinatha of Saranadeva and Pahini), brother of Dhanda, Thatika and Jindaka. V.S. 1142 Image of Sravika Pahini_ A.D. 1085 Sambhava- (daughter of nStha Pradyumna and Sajani, wife of Varanadeva and mother of Bhandaga- rika Jinduka). 8 Date Location Donor Acarya V.S. 1142 Image of Sravika Jinadevi A. D. 1085 Abhinandan- (daughter of natha Varanadeva and Pahini, wife of Paruvana and mother of Jajjadeva etc.) V.S. 1142 Image of Sravika Jasavati A.D. 1085 Suparsva- (the second wife natha of Jindaka, mother of Rambha) V.S. 1142 Image of Sri Vaccha (Vatsa) A.D. 1085 Neminatha along with wife Jasavai and son Sri Vaccha (the senior Sri Vaccha had another wife Sampuma and had two sons from her 9 Date Location Donor Acarya vi z. Dhanadeva and Nanaka V.S. 1145 Image of Jayasiri (JayasVi), A.D. 1088 Anantanl- (the son of Viruka tha and Dulahi; Viruka was the son of Durlabha and Laksna and Durla- bha in turn was "tiie son of Sresthi Yash and his wife Najini,) From Chaddavali V.S. 1146 Some Salin (the son A.D. 1089 Image. of Dhanadeva and Yasnomati, the son of Purna belonging to the caste (?) of Pragvata (Por- wad or Porwal) 1ft Date Location Etonor Acarya V.S. 1147 Image of Puma (the son sk A.D. 1090 Kunthu- of Yashonaga and Hatanga- natha Jasadi belonging Suri to the 'Dharkkata' race/Family. V.S. 1147 Image of Sulocana or A.D. 1090 Santinatha Shobhana (great- (?) daughter-in-law or daughter-in-law) of Sresthi Thollaka belonging to the Porwada family and resident of Hudapadra. V.S. 1176 Image of Sravika Rajala A.D. 1119 Ajitnatha (with the help of Padma- son Jasiga and devasuri. daughter Nanuya) 11 Date Location Donor Acharya V.S. 1176 Kayotsarga Sravika Rajala Sri A.D. 1119 image of (with the help of Padma- Santinatha son Jasiga and devasuri, daughter Nanuya) V.S. 1223 Pillar in A number of people like Sresthi Nemi A.D. 1166 "the temple « m and his wife Mohini, their son Viradeva and his wife Punadevi and son Jasadu etc. circa in a niche 3rl Kakudacarya in the established an image garbhgrha of I'lahavira under instructions of Maharajadhiraja / Sri Kumarapala- deva 22 Date Location "Donor Acharya V.S. 1675 Image of Nania (son of Sri Vijayadeva- A.D. I6I8 Mahavira Gava and wife suri, disciple Gor6.de, grand- of Sri Vijaya- son of Ahiya senasuri and wife Tejalade) disciple of and his son Somaoi Sri Hiravijaya- from his wife suri, all of Namalde; belong- the 'Tapagaccha', ing to the Sri Ukesa family (or race) and Vrddhasakha Vora Damavade, the governor PARSVAMATHA T£I^L£ Date Location Donor Acarya V..S. 1161 Image of Kesava, Osari, A.D. 1104 Rsbhanatha iJrikava, Srivaccha, Duddhaka etc. From Jathadesha and Tharapadragaccha. V.S. 1216 Niche in VIra and Puna, Sri Devacarya, A.D. 1159 the left the sons of disciple of / _ side wall, Sresthi Pasadeva Sri Nemichandra- donated / _ carya. image of Sri Parsvanatha V.S. 1216 Niche in the Puna (son of Devacarya, A.D. 1159 rangamandapa;Pasadeva, for disciple of Image of his brother Sri Hemlcandra- Parsvanatha J ehada) carya 14 Date Location Donor Acarya V.ii. 1259 Fourth Sresth• •i Manihai Sri A.D. 1202 niche, the and Salakhana Dharma- image of (Sulaksna?), ghosasurl, VasupxjJ,ya daughters of Bahudeva V.S. 1259 Fifteenth Sri Laksnudhara, sk A.D. 1202 niche, (son of Thakkur Dhanaaghosa- the image Asu belonging to sun. of Sreyam- the Kayatha sanatha caste) circa (Surasambhu, the provincial gover- ner of Arasana under Sridharavars- deva) V.S. 1259 Sixteenth Santanaga, (the sk A.D. 1202 niche, the son of Sresth• •i Dharma- image of kukar) ghosasuri sk Sitalnatha 15 Date Location Donor Acarya V.3. 1259 Seventeenth Punaka, (son of S'rl A.D. 1202 niche, image Asadeva) Dharma- of 3rl ghosasurl Suvidhinatha V.5. 1259 Eighteenth Mahant Ahad (son Sun A.D. 1202 niche, the of Sresthi Savad image of Sri Candra- prabhanatha V.S. 1259 Nineteenth Asadhara (tra- Sri Dharma- A.D, 1202 niche, the ders) (son of Sala- ghosasuri image of khana son of Sri Supar- Sresthi Savad). svanStha V.S. 1259 Twentieth Sresthi Sajjan Sri A.D. 1202 niche, (for Sresthi Suh- Dharma- / ava, daughter of ghosasuri Sri Padma- Vani, daughter of prabhanStha Jasavira image. 16 Date Location Donor Acarya V.S. 1259 Twenty- Siresthi Saooan, /rl A.D. 1202 first niche, (the son of Dhamaghosa- the image of Kuma r) (humble surl. Sri Sumati- disciple of riStha. r^ahant Bahada) V.S. 1259 Twenty- Rahuda (son of Sri Suri, A.D. 1202 second niche Sresthi Srikmar with torana and his wife Abhinandan- Laks'mi; Srikmar natha image being the son of Sresthi Gohad. V.S. 1259 IVenty third Sresthi Sajjan, SQrl (?) A.D. 1202 niche, image (son of Srikumar of Sambhav- son of Sresthi natha Gohad) V.S. 1259 Image of bri baooan (son Sri Dharraa- A.D. 1202 Sumati- of Sri Kumar) ghosasuri riatha (during the reign of Mandalika ^rsarnbhu) 17 Date Location Donor Acarya V.S/ 1259 Image of Sresth• • i Manibhadr• a S-rl Dharma A.D. 1202 Vasupuoya (son of Bahudeva) ghosasuri for Saiaksna. V.S. 1259 Image of Sresthi Sajjan Surl (?) A.D. 1202 Sambhava- (grandson of natha Sresthi Gohad) for his father Sresthi Kijmara V.S. 1276 Image of Sresthi Sajjan Sri Sxjmatinatha (son of Kxamara) Padma- in the (or the Brhadgaccha)ghosasuri pradaksana (while Sursambhu, / ^ mandalika of Dharavarsadeva was ruling) V.S. 1276 Image of Puna (son of ...Surl A.D. 1219 Suvidhi- Asadeva) natha in the pradaksana ir Date? Location Donor Acarya V.S. 1276 Image Sresthi Asadhara 3ri I / A.D. 1219 of Muni- {son of Sresth• •i Dharmaghoj suvrata- Salakhana) surl. na tha V.S. 1675 Wulana- Nanaji (son of 3rT Vijayadeva- A.D. 1618 yaka Rahia and Champa- surl disciple of image Ide who were the Vijayasenasuri son and daughter disciple of in law of Jagadu Hira Vijayasurl; / _ and his wife of the Sritapa- Jamana) and his gaccha wife Navarangade. (Dama as governor) V.S. 1675 Tenth Jayataka (son of A.D. 1618 niche Sresthi Devacandra and his wife Malhi 1» S8MHJ Date Location Donor Acarya V.S. 1087 Image in bri Saravadevasuri A.D. 1030 the first (of the Nannacarya- Devakulika gaccha) (during the reign of Sri Bhimadeva) V.S.
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