International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanities ISSN 2277 – 9809 (online) ISSN 2348 - 9359 (Print) An Internationally Indexed Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journal Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust www.IRJMSH.com www.SPHERT.org Published by iSaRa Solutions IRJMSH Vol 5 Issue 4 [Year 2014] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) Demographic Structure in Banswara District DR. NEETU JAT POST DOCTRAL FELLOW DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY RANI DURGAWATI, UNIVERSITY, JABALPUR (M.P) Email Id. [email protected] Dr. Lokesh Shrivastava DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY RANI DURGAWATI, UNIVERSITY, JABALPUR (M.P) History Banswara (literally “the bamboo country”), was a Raj put feudatory state in Rajputana during British India. It borders Gujarat and is bounded on the north by the native states of Dungerpur and Udaipur or Mewar, on the northest and east by Parthapgarh; on the south by the dominions of Holkar and the state of Jhabua; and on the west by the Rewa Kantha. Banswara state was about 45 Milles (72 Km) in length from north to south and 33 Milles (53 Km) in breadth from east to west and had an area of 1,606 square miles (4,160 Km2). The population in 1941 was 258,760. Banswara District forms eastern part of the region Known as Vagad or Vagwar. The District was formerly a princely state ruled by the Maharavals. It is said that a Bhil ruler Bansia or Wasna, ruled over it and Banswara was named after his name. Bansia was defeated and Killed by Jagmal Singh who became the first Maharaval of the princely state. It is named so because of the bamboo which were found in abundance in the forests. In 1913 some Bhils revolted under the hedship of a social reformer Govindgiri and Punja which was suppressed in November 1913. Hindered Mangarh hillock where they were holding a peaceful meeting by the Sirohi forest. The place has become sacred and is better known as the Mangharh Dham. With the merger of the International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity Page 37 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 5 Issue 4 [Year 2014] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) princely states in the Union of India, the Banswara state and Khushalgarh chief ship got merged in the Rajasthan in 1949 and Banswara was carved out as a separate district by merging these principalities. Location The Banswara district lies in the southernmost part of Rajasthan. It is surrounded by Pratapgarh in the north, Dungerpur in the west, Ratlam and Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh in the esat and south and Dahod district, Gujarat to the south. Banswara District Banswara District in south Rajasthan in India. The princely state of Banswara was founded Mahawerlal Jagmal Singh. It is named for the “bans” or bamboo forests in the area. It is also Known as ‘City of Hundred Islands’, due to presence of numerous islands in the Mahi River, which flows through Banswara. Banswara city is governed by city Council (Nager Parishad) which comes under Banswar urban Agglomeration. Although the city has population of 100,128 (2011), its urban/metropolitan population is 101,177(2011) of which 51,941 are males and 49,236 are females. International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity Page 38 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 5 Issue 4 [Year 2014] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) Geography Banswara is located at 23.55ºN 74.45ºE It has an average elevation of 302 meters (990 ft). Banswara District is in southern Rajasthan with an area of 5,037 square Kilometers (1,945 sq mi) located between 23.11º N to 23.56º N latitude and 73.58º E to bounded on the north-east by Dhariawad, Pipalkkoot & Arnod tehsils of district –PRATHAPGARH, (Rajasthan) ; on the east by RATLAM district of Madhya Pradesh; on the west by Sagwara and on north-west by Aspur tihsils of DUNGERPUR district; and on the south-east by JHABUA district of Madhya Pradesh and on south & south-west the DOHAD district of GUJRAT. The region represents a rugged terrain undulated by short ridges west of Banswara . The eastern part of it is occupied by flat- topped hills of the Deccan trap. It has the southern end of the Aravali mountains. The drainage system belongs to the Mahi river which originates from Amiera hills near DHAR in Madhya Pradesh. Its tributaries are Anas, Chanp, Erav, Hiran and Kagdi. The Mahi Bajaj Sagar dam has been constructed on the Mahi, about 16 Kilometers (9.9 mi) away from Banswara town. The Right and Left Main Canals and their distributaries irrigate 60,149 hectares (601.49 Km2) of land. Normal annual rainfall is about 82.59 centimeters (32.52 inch). Distance from Major Cities The closest major city to Banswara is Udaipur which is 165 km away. Indore and Ahemdabad are also close, at 215 km and 285 km away respectively. The town is 827 km from New Delhi and 816 km from Mumbai. Development and Technical Education Since 2012 Government engineering College has been started and in state Budget of 2013-14 declared for Starting of one Medical college in Banswara. For opening of one nuclear power plant, & Two Super critical thermal power plant & Railway line (Ratlam-Dungarpur via Banswara) various Proceeding of State Govt. is going on. Demographics International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity Page 39 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 5 Issue 4 [Year 2014] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) As of 2011 India census, Banswara city had a population of 101,177. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49% Banswara city has an average literacy rate of 86.98%, higher then the national average of 59.5%, with 92.76% of the males and 81.01% of females literate. The district is predominantly inhabited by tribals mainly Bgils, Bhil Meenas, Damor, Charpotas, Ninamas, etc. The district population is 17,98,194 (2011). The rural population is 16,70,386 (2011) and the urban population is 127,826 (2011). The population density has raised from 298 per square/km (census 2001) to 399 per square/km (census 2011). Average literacy rate of whole district is 52.70% which is lower than the national average of 59.5%. The population under the age of 6 years is 12% the main occupation of the people, specially of tribal’s, is agriculture. The tribal’s live in a small one-room houses, known as “tapra”, which lie scattered all over the area. The other major castes are Patels, Rajputs, Brahmans, Mahajans and Muslims. The dialect spoken in the district is Wagri, a mixture of Gujrati and Mewari. Literacy has increased to 57.20% (census 2011) from 44.63% (census 2001) but women literacy, is 43.47% (2011) in comparison to 28.43% (census 2001). In Totality literacy percentage has increased by 12.57%. Rajasthan is home to tribes that are district from the society around them. While a few tribes are medieval in their origin. Mainly due to events in history, there are a few who date their origin back to one of the oldest prehistoric civilization in world; the Indus valley civilization. The history of these tribes dates back to around 1400 BC. At that time the Bhil and Mina tribes ruled the land. The Aryan invasion, represented by hours-drawn chariots and superior bows and arrows, seems to have tyrannized tribal migration to the south and the east. Pushed into the natural hideout forests and the ancient and craggy Aravalli range, the Bhil and the Mina tribes survived mor easily. The northern, nomadic ethnic intrusions continued in to Rajasthan. They were respected by the Sakes, Kusanas, Abhiras, Hunas and others. Quite a large number of these invaders are now covered by the blanket term Rajput whose royal lineage stood upon the ruins of the Gurjara ( Pratihara Empire). All too naturally, the warrior-invaders fitted the Aryan material caste of Kashriyas which in time come to be divided in to 36 Rajputs clans. The camouflaged existence of Rajasthan’s original inhabitants certainly isolated them from the main stream, International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity Page 40 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 5 Issue 4 [Year 2014] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) keeping them unaware of the changes. Today, they may be considered a backward people but that does not call for any pejorative interpretation of their primitivism. Population – 17,98,194 (2011 census) Density of population – 399/km2 Literacy – 57.20% Total working population – 32.46% Cultivation – 75.58% Agricultural laborers – 9.36% Other workers – 13.80% Culture Situated amidst the Aravali vally, Banswara represents tribal culture in Rajasthan. With a landscape predominated by bamboo trees the region came to be known as Banswara. Banswara town was founded by King Jagmal Singh. The town has eleven and a half Swayambhoo Shivalingas; it was also called ‘Lodhikashi’ or little kasha. Yet another name is ‘An Area of Hundred Islands’. Situated in southern Rajasthan, the town borders Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh . Due to this inter-regional neighborhood, the Vagdi culture has emerged as a mixture of Gujarati, Malwi, Rajasthan and Mewari cultures. Banswara district is rich in forests, hills and wildlife. Tribal’s are natives this region. The place is known for its ancient temples and natural beauty. Climate and Rainfall The district has a climate which is very much milder than that in the desert regions in further north and north-west. Maximum temperature is 45 degrees Celsius to 46 degrees Celsius. Maximum temperature is 10 degrees Celsius to 20 degrees Celsius. Normal annual rainfall is 922.4mm. Economy Industrial scenario International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity Page 41 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 5 Issue 4 [Year 2014] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) Number of Large and Medium Scale Units- 8 Number of Small Scale Units- 5312 Main industries Agro- based (oil mills) Blended yarn Dress material Marble slabs and tiles Portland cement Shirting and suiting Synthetic yarn and textures gray cloth yarn.