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Coastal Ecological Assessment to Support NOAA"S Choptank River Complex Habitat Focus Area: Tred Avon River

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Coastal Ecological Assessment to Support NOAA https://doi.org/10.25923/k2xr-5n27 Coastal Ecological Assessment to Support NOAA’s Choptank River Complex Habitat Focus Area: Tred Avon River September 2018 NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 251 Citation: McLaughlin, S.M., A.K. Leight, J.E.Spires, S.B. Bricker, J.M. Jacobs, G.A. Messick, S. Skelley. 2018. Coastal Ecological Assessment to Support NOAA’s Choptank River Complex Habitat Focus Area: Tred Avon River. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 251. Oxford, MD. 118 pp. (https://doi.org/10.25923/k2xr-5n27) Acknowledgements This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. This report has been technically reviewed and approved for publication. CSS Inc. staff was supported under NOAA Contract No’s. EA133C17BA0049 (CSS Inc.) and EA133C11BR0026 (JHT Inc.). Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for their use by the United States Government. Coastal Ecological Assessment to Support NOAA’s Choptank River Complex Habitat Focus Area: Tred Avon River Prepared by: NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) Marine Spatial Ecology Division (MSE) Cooperative Oxford Laboratory 904 S. Morris Street Oxford, MD 21654 USA September 2018 Authors Shawn M. McLaughlin, A.K. Leight, Suzanne B. Bricker, John M. Jacobs, Gretchen A. Messick, Suzanne Skelley MSE/Cooperative Oxford Laboratory Jason E. Spires MSE/Cooperative Oxford Laboratory and CSS, Inc. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 251 United States Department National Oceanic and National Ocean Service of Commerce Atmospheric Administration Timothy Gallaudet Nicole LeBouef Wilbur L. Ross Acting Under Secretary Acting Assistant Secretary and Administrator Administrator TABLE OF CONTENTS FORWARD.................................................................................................................. ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 4 WATERSHED OVERVIEW.............................................................................. 9 CHOPTANK RIVER..................................................................................... 9 TRED AVON RIVER.................................................................................... 10 EASTON POINT................................................................................ 12 DIXON CREEK................................................................................. 14 SHIPSHEAD CREEK....................................................................... 15 MAXMORE CREEK......................................................................... 16 TRIPPE CREEK................................................................................. 17 GOLDSBOROUGH CREEK.......................................................... 18 TAR CREEK........................................................................................ 19 TOWN CREEK.................................................................................. 20 A CLIMATOLOGICAL NOTE............................................................................. 24 GUIDE TO GRADING SYSTEM AND DATA PRESENTATION............. 26 WATER QUALITY..................................................................................................... 29 DISSOLVED OXYGEN............................................................................... 31 NITROGEN.................................................................................................... 36 PHOSPHORUS............................................................................................... 39 WATER CLARITY.......................................................................................... 42 CHLOROPHYLL A...................................................................................... 45 INDICATOR BACTERIA............................................................................ 48 BENTHIC HABITAT CONDITION.................................................................... 51 CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SEDIMENT................................. 52 SEDIMENT TOXICITY............................................................................... 57 BENTHIC COMMUNITY CONDITION.......................................................... 58 BENTHIC-INDEX OF BIOTIC INTEGRITY....................................... 58 CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN FISH TISSUE.......................................... 61 FISH COMMUNITY COMPOSITION................................................................ 68 FISH HEALTH ASSESSMENT............................................................................... 80 OYSTER ECOSYSTEM SERVICES...................................................................... 86 SYNTHESIS................................................................................................................. 95 APPENDIX.................................................................................................................. 99 PARTNERS................................................................................................................... 100 REFERENCES............................................................................................................ 102 FOREWARD The Chesapeake Bay and its watershed are national treasures with ecologic, economic, social, recreational, cultural, and historical value. Changes in land and resource use, such as shifts in marine resource harvest and the conversion of land from forest to agriculture or from agriculture to urban, in the Bay watershed, and other coastal ecosystems, can affect their ability to function properly and to provide valuable ecosystem services. In 2014, NOAA designated the Choptank River Complex, an economically and ecologically important component of the Chesa- peake Bay ecosystem, as one of its Habitat Focus Areas (HFA). Thus, NOAA has focused resources on this watershed around these objectives: habitat restoration and protection; integrating science to inform ecosystem–based management; and, community engagement. In support of these objectives, NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) and its Federal, State, and lo- cal partners conducted an ecological assessment in the Tred Avon River, a main tributary of the Choptank River. The NCCOS Cooperative Oxford Lab is located in Oxford, MD and led the overall assessment. Coastal ecological assessments can provide insights into the trade-offs between land development and aquatic ecosystem condition by analyzing indicators of ecosystem condition and their relationships to human activities within the surrounding waters. In the analysis of information collected during the study, similarities between the conditions found and potential influencing factors such as land-use were explored. Results show the Tred Avon River ecosystem is in good condition relative to the larger Choptank River and the Chesapeake Bay. Nevertheless, there are clear signs of ecosystem degradation especially in areas affected by rapid growth and development. Several Chesapeake Bay–wide issues were detected in the Tred Avon tributary, such as excess nutrients, high chlorophyll a concentrations, seasonally decreased oxygen levels in bottom waters, and poor water clarity. These signs of degradation were particu- larly evident at sampling stations near the most urban areas. Encouragingly, model simulations revealed that oyster aquaculture and reef restoration are promising and valuable nutrient removal mechanisms, which may help to ameliorate some of the detected negative impacts to support sustainable use of natural resources. NCCOS previously developed companion products to the Choptank River Complex HFA: 1) a digital atlas to make accessible a variety of datasets collected over decades in the Choptank watershed, 2) a baseline status report to provide an introduction to the available datasets, and 3) an ArcGIS (ESRI™) geodatabase (https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/project/ecological-assess- ment-choptank-complex-habitat-focus-area/). Restoring and sustaining good coastal ecosystem conditions are essential to both the national economy and our quality of life. In order to accomplish these goals, it is important to understand and anticipate changes in the function of coastal ecosystems and in the delivery of their goods and services. By using NCCOS scientific information and tools, we anticipate that managers will be better equipped to balance the impacts of ecosystem stressors with social and economic goals. Sincerely, Mark Monaco, Ph.D. Chief, Marine Spatial Ecology Division National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ Tred Avon Ecological Assessment Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Image D1 (Disclaimer page): Great blue heron perched on an osprey nest in the Tred Avon River. Image TC1 (Table of Contents page): Animal tracks on the shore of the Tred Avon River. Image ES1 (above): The Chesapeake Bay William Preston Lane, Jr. Memorial Bridge. Image courtesy of Ben Longstaff. Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (ian.umces.edu/ imagelibrary/). he Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States with a total of 18,804 kilometers (11,684 miles) of shoreline along the main stem and its tributaries (CBP 2018a). The ecology Tof the Chesapeake Bay and its watershed are national treasures and
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