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Linear Algebraic Groups and Finite Groups of Lie Type Gunter Malle and Donna Testerman Frontmatter More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00854-0 - Linear Algebraic Groups and Finite Groups of Lie Type Gunter Malle and Donna Testerman Frontmatter More information CAMBRIDGE STUDIES IN ADVANCED MATHEMATICS 133 Editorial Board B. BOLLOBAS,´ W. FULTON, A. KATOK, F. KIRWAN, P. SARNAK, B. SIMON, B. TOTARO LINEAR ALGEBRAIC GROUPS AND FINITE GROUPS OF LIE TYPE Originating from a summer school taught by the authors, this concise treatment includes many of the main results in the area. An introductory chapter describes the fundamental results on linear algebraic groups, culminating in the classification of semisimple groups. The second chapter introduces more specialized topics in the subgroup structure of semisimple groups, and describes the classification of the maximal subgroups of the simple algebraic groups. The authors then systematically develop the subgroup structure of finite groups of Lie type as a consequence of the structural results on algebraic groups. This approach will help students to understand the relationship between these two classes of groups. The book covers many topics that are central to the subject, but missing from existing textbooks. The authors provide numerous instructive exercises and examples for those who are learning the subject as well as more advanced topics for research students working in related areas. gunter malle is a Professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany. donna testerman is a Professor in the Mathematics Section at the Ecole´ Polytechnique Fed´ erale´ de Lausanne, Switzerland. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00854-0 - Linear Algebraic Groups and Finite Groups of Lie Type Gunter Malle and Donna Testerman Frontmatter More information CAMBRIDGE STUDIES IN ADVANCED MATHEMATICS Editorial Board: B. Bollobas,´ W. Fulton, A. Katok, F. Kirwan, P. Sarnak, B. Simon, B. Totaro All the titles listed below can be obtained from good booksellers or from Cambridge University Press. For a complete series listing visit: http://www.cambridge.org/mathematics Already published 85 J. Carlson, S. Muller-Stach¨ & C. Peters Period mappings and period domains 86 J. J. Duistermaat & J. A. C. Kolk Multidimensional real analysis, I 87 J. J. Duistermaat & J. A. C. Kolk Multidimensional real analysis, II 89 M. C. Golumbic & A. N. Trenk Tolerance graphs 90 L. H. Harper Global methods for combinatorial isoperimetric problems 91 I. Moerdijk & J. Mrcunˇ Introduction to foliations and Lie groupoids 92 J. Kollar,´ K. E. Smith & A. Corti Rational and nearly rational varieties 93 D. Applebaum Levy´ processes and stochastic calculus (1st Edition) 94 B. Conrad Modular forms and the Ramanujan conjecture 95 M. Schechter An introduction to nonlinear analysis 96 R. Carter Lie algebras of finite and affine type 97 H. L. Montgomery & R. C. Vaughan Multiplicative number theory, I 98 I. Chavel Riemannian geometry (2nd Edition) 99 D. Goldfeld Automorphic forms and L-functions for the group GL(n,R) 100 M. B. Marcus & J. Rosen Markov processes, Gaussian processes, and local times 101 P. Gille & T. Szamuely Central simple algebras and Galois cohomology 102 J. Bertoin Random fragmentation and coagulation processes 103 E. Frenkel Langlands correspondence for loop groups 104 A. Ambrosetti & A. Malchiodi Nonlinear analysis and semilinear elliptic problems 105T.Tao&V.H.VuAdditive combinatorics 106 E. B. Davies Linear operators and their spectra 107 K. Kodaira Complex analysis 108 T. Ceccherini-Silberstein, F. Scarabotti & F. Tolli Harmonic analysis on finite groups 109 H. Geiges An introduction to contact topology 110 J. Faraut Analysis on Lie groups: An Introduction 111 E. Park Complex topological K-theory 112 D. W. Stroock Partial differential equations for probabilists 113 A. Kirillov, Jr An introduction to Lie groups and Lie algebras 114 F. Gesztesy et al. Soliton equations and their algebro-geometric solutions, II 115 E. de Faria & W. de Melo Mathematical tools for one-dimensional dynamics 116 D. Applebaum Levy´ processes and stochastic calculus (2nd Edition) 117 T. Szamuely Galois groups and fundamental groups 118 G. W. Anderson, A. Guionnet & O. Zeitouni An introduction to random matrices 119 C. Perez-Garcia & W. H. Schikhof Locally convex spaces over non-Archimedean valued fields 120 P. K. Friz & N. B. Victoir Multidimensional stochastic processes as rough paths 121 T. Ceccherini-Silberstein, F. Scarabotti & F. Tolli Representation theory of the symmetric groups 122 S. Kalikow & R. McCutcheon An outline of ergodic theory 123 G. F. Lawler & V. Limic Random walk: A modern introduction 124 K. Lux & H. Pahlings Representations of groups 125 K. S. Kedlaya p-adic differential equations 126 R. Beals & R. Wong Special functions 127 E. de Faria & W. de Melo Mathematical aspects of quantum field theory 128 A. Terras Zeta functions of graphs 129 D. Goldfeld & J. Hundley Automorphic representations and L-functions for the general linear group, I 130 D. Goldfeld & J. Hundley Automorphic representations and L-functions for the general linear group, II 131 D. A. Craven The theory of fusion systems 132 J. Va¨an¨ anen¨ Models and games © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00854-0 - Linear Algebraic Groups and Finite Groups of Lie Type Gunter Malle and Donna Testerman Frontmatter More information Linear Algebraic Groups and Finite Groups of Lie Type GUNTER MALLE University of Kaiserslautern, Germany DONNA TESTERMAN Ecole´ Polytechnique Fed´ erale´ de Lausanne, Switzerland © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00854-0 - Linear Algebraic Groups and Finite Groups of Lie Type Gunter Malle and Donna Testerman Frontmatter More information cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107008540 C G. Malle and D. Testerman 2011 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2011 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data ISBN 978-1-107-00854-0 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00854-0 - Linear Algebraic Groups and Finite Groups of Lie Type Gunter Malle and Donna Testerman Frontmatter More information Contents Preface page ix List of tables xiii Notation xiv PART I LINEAR ALGEBRAIC GROUPS 1 1 Basic concepts 3 1.1 Linear algebraic groups and morphisms 3 1.2 Examples of algebraic groups 6 1.3 Connectedness 9 1.4 Dimension 13 2 Jordan decomposition 15 2.1 Decomposition of endomorphisms 15 2.2 Unipotent groups 18 3 Commutative linear algebraic groups 20 3.1 Jordan decomposition of commutative groups 20 3.2 Tori, characters and cocharacters 22 4 Connected solvable groups 26 4.1 The Lie–Kolchin theorem 26 4.2 Structure of connected solvable groups 27 5 G-spaces and quotients 30 5.1 Actions of algebraic groups 30 5.2 Existence of rational representations 33 6 Borel subgroups 36 6.1 The Borel fixed point theorem 36 6.2 Properties of Borel subgroups 39 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00854-0 - Linear Algebraic Groups and Finite Groups of Lie Type Gunter Malle and Donna Testerman Frontmatter More information vi Contents 7 The Lie algebra of a linear algebraic group 44 7.1 Derivations and differentials 44 7.2 The adjoint representation 49 8 Structure of reductive groups 51 8.1 Root space decomposition 51 8.2 Semisimple groups of rank 1 53 8.3 Structure of connected reductive groups 57 8.4 Structure of semisimple groups 59 9 The classification of semisimple algebraic groups 63 9.1 Root systems 63 9.2 The classification theorem of Chevalley 68 10 Exercises for Part I 74 PART II SUBGROUP STRUCTURE AND REPRESENTATION THEORY OF SEMISIMPLE ALGEBRAIC GROUPS 81 11 BN-pairs and Bruhat decomposition 83 11.1 On the structure of B 83 11.2 Bruhat decomposition 90 12 Structure of parabolic subgroups, I 95 12.1 Parabolic subgroups 95 12.2 Levi decomposition 98 13 Subgroups of maximal rank 104 13.1 Subsystem subgroups 104 13.2 The algorithm of Borel and de Siebenthal 107 14 Centralizers and conjugacy classes 112 14.1 Semisimple elements 112 14.2 Connectedness of centralizers 116 15 Representations of algebraic groups 121 15.1 Weight theory 121 15.2 Irreducible highest weight modules 125 16 Representation theory and maximal subgroups 131 16.1 Dual modules and restrictions to Levi subgroups 131 16.2 Steinberg’s tensor product theorem 134 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00854-0 - Linear Algebraic Groups and Finite Groups
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