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Table of Contents (PDF) February 4, 2014 u vol. 111 u no. 5 u 1659–2048 Cover image: Pictured are lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC) droplets in oil. The LCLC molecules in the aligned (nematic) phase produce chiral configurations with two surface point defects. LCLC molecules in the columnar phase produce exotic faceted drop- lets with a central line defect. Joonwoo Jeong et al. report that these structures are driven by a delicate interplay between the highly anisotropic elasticity of the LCLCs and their boundary conditions on the droplet surface. The findings provide insight into the behavior of liquid crystals in aqueous environments. See the article by Jeong et al. on pages 1742–1747. Image courtesy of Joonwoo Jeong and Felice Macera (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia). From the Cover 1742 Elastic anisotropy in liquid crystals 1708 3D microscopy of historic artwork 1819 Proton permeation through membranes 1939 Dengue envelope determines immune response 1987 Oxytocin and social perception Contents CORE CONCEPTS—A brief introduction to emerging topics in science 1661 Gnotobiotics Sarah C. P. Williams THIS WEEK IN PNAS QNAS 1659 In This Issue 1662 QnAs with Davis Masten and Peter Zandan Beth Azar LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY) E531 Importance of a sound hydrologic foundation RETROSPECTIVE for assessing the future of the High Plains Aquifer in Kansas 1664 Pioneer of hematopoietic colony-stimulating James J. Butler, Jr., Geoffrey C. Bohling, Andrea E. factors: Leo Sachs (1924–2013) Brookfield, Gaisheng Liu, Donald O. Whittemore, Michael Sela and Yoram Groner and Blake B. Wilson E532 Reply to Butler et al.: A sound hydrologic foundation for interdisciplinary studies of the COMMENTARIES High Plains Aquifer David R. Steward, Paul J. Bruss, Xiaoying Yang, 1666 Inflammation promotes prostate differentiation Scott A. Staggenborg, Stephen M. Welch, Xian Liu and Andrew S. Goldstein and Michael D. Apley See companion article on page E592 E534 Do close relatives make bad neighbors? 1668 Prerequisites to proton transport in the bacterial Daniel Sol, Oriol Lapiedra, and Montserrat Vilà − + ClC-ec1 Cl /H exchanger E536 Including distantly related taxa can bias Mounir Tarek phylogenetic tests See companion article on page 1819 Marc W. Cadotte 1670 Human antibodies stop dengue virus by jamming its mechanics Shee-Mei Lok Free online through the PNAS open access option. See companion article on page 1939 PNAS u February 4, 2014 u vol. 111 u no. 5 u iii–viii Downloaded by guest on October 4, 2021 1672 Genetic predisposition of behavioral response CHEMISTRY Simon G. Gregory 1714 Comparison of the isomerization mechanisms of human See companion article on page 1987 melanopsin and invertebrate and vertebrate rhodopsins Silvia Rinaldi, Federico Melaccio, Samer Gozem, Francesca Fanelli, and Massimo Olivucci PNAS PLUS 1720 Guest–host interactions of a rigid organic molecule in porous silica frameworks Di Wu, Son-Jong Hwang, Stacey I. Zones, 1674 Significance Statements and Alexandra Navrotsky Brief statements written by the authors about the significance of their papers. COMPUTER SCIENCES 1921 Empirical prediction of genomic susceptibilities for multiple cancer classes INAUGURAL ARTICLE Minseung Kim and Sung-Hou Kim 1676 Lineage-specific expansions of TET/JBP genes and a new EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY SCIENCES class of DNA transposons shape fungal genomic and epigenetic landscapes 1726 Quantifying the distribution of nanodiamonds in Lakshminarayan M. Iyer, Dapeng Zhang, Robson F. de Souza, pre-Younger Dryas to recent age deposits along Bull Patricia J. Pukkila, Anjana Rao, and L. Aravind Creek, Oklahoma Panhandle, USA Leland C. Bement, Andrew S. Madden, Brian J. Carter, Alexander R. Simms, Andrew L. Swindle, Hanna M. Alexander, Scott Fine, and Mourad Benamara PHYSICAL SCIENCES 1732 Detection of solar wind-produced water in irradiated rims on silicate minerals APPLIED MATHEMATICS John P. Bradley, Hope A. Ishii, Jeffrey J. Gillis-Davis, James Ciston, Michael H. Nielsen, Hans A. Bechtel, E537 Hydrodynamics and collective behavior of the tethered and Michael C. Martin bacterium Thiovulum majus Alexander Petroff and Albert Libchaber ENGINEERING 1684 Rough parameter dependence in climate models and the role of Ruelle-Pollicott resonances 1927 Conformal piezoelectric energy harvesting and storage Mickaël David Chekroun, J. David Neelin, Dmitri from motions of the heart, lung, and diaphragm Kondrashov, James C. McWilliams, and Michael Ghil Canan Dagdeviren, Byung Duk Yang, Yewang Su, Phat L. Tran, Pauline Joe, Eric Anderson, Jing Xia, Vijay 1691 Compressed plane waves yield a compactly supported Doraiswamy, Behrooz Dehdashti, Xue Feng, Bingwei Lu, multiresolution basis for the Laplace operator Robert Poston, Zain Khalpey, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Yonggang Vidvuds Ozolin¸s, Rongjie Lai, Russel Caflisch, Huang, Marvin J. Slepian, and John A. Rogers and Stanley Osher ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES 1736 China’s international trade and air pollution in the E546 Role of clusters in nonclassical nucleation and growth United States of protein crystals Jintai Lin, Da Pan, Steven J. Davis, Qiang Zhang, Mike Sleutel and Alexander E. S. Van Driessche Kebin He, Can Wang, David G. Streets, Donald J. Wuebbles, and Dabo Guan 1697 Acoustic droplet vaporization is initiated by superharmonic focusing 1879 Gene-centric approach to integrating environmental Oleksandr Shpak, Martin Verweij, Hendrik J. Vos, genomics and biogeochemical models Nico de Jong, Detlef Lohse, and Michel Versluis Daniel C. Reed, Christopher K. Algar, Julie A. Huber, and Gregory J. Dick 1703 Highly sensitive electronic whiskers based on patterned carbon nanotube and silver nanoparticle composite films Kuniharu Takei, Zhibin Yu, Maxwell Zheng, Hiroki Ota, PHYSICS Toshitake Takahashi, and Ali Javey 1742 Chiral symmetry breaking and surface faceting in chromonic liquid crystal droplets with giant 1708 Femtosecond pump-probe microscopy generates virtual elastic anisotropy cross-sections in historic artwork Joonwoo Jeong, Zoey S. Davidson, Peter J. Collings, Tana Elizabeth Villafana, William P. Brown, John K. Tom C. Lubensky, and A. G. Yodh Delaney, Michael Palmer, Warren S. Warren, and Martin C. Fischer 1748 Self-replicating colloidal clusters Zorana Zeravcic and Michael P. Brenner 1807 Nonautonomous contact guidance signaling during collective cell migration 1754 Role of random electric fields in relaxors Camila Londono, M. Jimena Loureiro, Benjamin Slater, Daniel Phelan, Christopher Stock, Jose A. Rodriguez-Rivera, Petra B. Lücker, John Soleas, Suthamathy Sathananthan, Songxue Chi, Juscelino Leão, Xifa Long, Yujuan Xie, J. Stewart Aitchison, Alexandre J. Kabla, Alexei A. Bokov, Zuo-Guang Ye, Panchapakesan Ganesh, and Alison P. McGuigan and Peter M. Gehring iv u www.pnas.org Downloaded by guest on October 4, 2021 1778 Inhibition of master transcription factors SOCIAL SCIENCES in pluripotent cells induces early stage differentiation ECONOMIC SCIENCES Debojyoti De, Myong-Ho Jeong, Young-Eun Leem, Dmitri I. Svergun, David E. Wemmer, Jong-Sun 1760 Small business activity does not Kang, Kyeong Kyu Kim, and Sung-Hou Kim measure entrepreneurship Magnus Henrekson and Tino Sanandaji 1784 Structure of sugar-bound LacY Hemant Kumar, Vladimir Kasho, Irina Smirnova, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES Janet S. Finer-Moore, H. Ronald Kaback, and Robert M. Stroud 1981 Differences in the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus but no general disruption of white 1789 Variants of mouse DNA polymerase κ reveal matter tracts in children with autism a mechanism of efficient and accurate translesion spectrum disorder synthesis past a benzo[a]pyrene dG adduct Kami Koldewyn, Anastasia Yendiki, Sarah Weigelt, Yang Liu, Yeran Yang, Tie-Shan Tang, Hui Zhang, Hyowon Gweon, Joshua Julian, Hilary Richardson, Zhifeng Wang, Errol Friedberg, Wei Yang, Caitlin Malloy, Rebecca Saxe, Bruce Fischl, and Caixia Guo and Nancy Kanwisher 1795 CRL4-like Clr4 complex in Schizosaccharomyces pombe 1987 Common polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor depends on an exposed surface of Dos1 for gene (OXTR) is associated with human social heterochromatin silencing recognition skills Canan Kuscu, Mikel Zaratiegui, Hyun Soo Kim, David A. David H. Skuse, Adriana Lori, Joseph F. Cubells, Wah, Robert A. Martienssen, Thomas Schalch, Irene Lee, Karen N. Conneely, Kaija Puura, Terho and Leemor Joshua-Tor Lehtimäki, Elisabeth B. Binder, and Larry J. Young 1801 Probing large conformational rearrangements in See Commentary on page 1672 wild-type and mutant spectrin using structural mass spectrometry SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE Sira Sriswasdi, Sandra L. Harper, Hsin-Yao Tang, 1736 China’s international trade and air pollution in the Patrick G. Gallagher, and David W. Speicher United States Jintai Lin, Da Pan, Steven J. Davis, Qiang Zhang, BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Kebin He, Can Wang, David G. Streets, Donald J. Wuebbles, and Dabo Guan E563 Toward rationally redesigning bacterial two-component signaling systems using coevolutionary information Ryan R. Cheng, Faruck Morcos, Herbert Levine, and José N. Onuchic BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 1714 Comparison of the isomerization mechanisms of human melanopsin and invertebrate and vertebrate rhodopsins APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Silvia Rinaldi, Federico Melaccio, Samer Gozem, E554 Artificial riboswitches for gene expression and Francesca Fanelli, and Massimo Olivucci replication control of DNA and RNA viruses Patrick Ketzer, Johanna K. Kaufmann, Sarah Engelhardt, 1807 Nonautonomous contact guidance signaling during Sascha Bossow,
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