''Evaluation of vari10·US agric.ulture programmes undertaken by Kudumbashree
in Thiruvananthapu1 ram district'' .·
PR01JECT REPORT
Submitted to,
Jawa ar :al Nehru :Kris. i1 Vis wa Vidyalaya Jabalp.ur
In partia fu.ttUm·ent of the requ·rem,ents for the degree of
1 1 MASTER OF BUSl'NESS ADMI I ISTRATION
B
D1e , arb11e . o,f Agricul ra Economics. & Farm1 anagement awa . 1arlal ·e Kris hi Vishwa V' drya aya abalpur
Co lege of .Ag1 ·cu1, r I re
Jab,a pur . IP'
2.1 1' 5 CERTIFICATE - I
This is to certify that the project entitled "Evaluation of various
agriculture programmes undertaken by Kudumbashree 1n Thiruvananthapuram district" submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Business Administration in Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur is a record of the bonafide research work carried out by Mr.Sagar S.S.
Under my guidance and supervision. The student's Advisory Committee and the Director of Instruction have approved the subject of the project.
No part of this project has been submitted for any other degree or diploma (Certificate awarded etc.) or has been published I published part has been fully acknowledged. He has acknowledged all the assistance and help received during the course of the investigation.
Date: )1·5 · 2 oJ.£; of?~' Place: Jabalpur (Dr.~ Chairman
PROJECT REPORT APPROVED BY THE STUDENTS'S ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Committee Name Signature (7-erv-1 Chairman (Dr. D.N. Tiwari ) ~-·· · ··
Member (Dr. R. M. Sahu )
Member (Dr. A. K. Rai ) CERTIFICATE II
This is to certify that the project report entitled "Evaluation of various agriculture programmes undertaken by Kudumbashree in Thiruvananthapuram district" submitted by Mr. Sagar S.S. to the Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree Master of Business Administration in Agriculture in the department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur has been after evaluation, approved by the External Examiner and by the Student's Advisory Committee after an oral examination on the same.
Date : J ~ · 7 . "2. o 1 S crf,~ Pace: Jabalpur (D~ Chairman
MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Committee Name Signature
Chairman (Dr. D.N.Tiwari)
Member (Dr. R. M. Sahu )
Member (Dr. A. K. Rai )
Head of the Department (Dr. N.K. Raghuwanshi)
Director of Instruction (Dr. G.S. Rajput)
J. N. KrisN «~ Y1dy aJaya JatMipul Clll·) ~, Kudumbashree ~'~... ./ State Poverty Eradication Mission
To ,.·bom so e,·er it ma,· coDcern
This is to certify that Mr. Sagar S.S. final year student of the Post Graduate Programme in MBA (Agri.
Business Management) from Ja'\\'Bharlal ~ehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya(JJ\T)(VV). Jabalpur. Madhya Pradesh. As pan of the course from 19.01.2015 to 19.03.2015. he has undertaken a project in K ud urn bashree mission titled: Evaluation of various a.gricu lture programme undertaken by K udum bashree in Th]ruvananthapuram district of Kerala-.
'While doing his project he has sho\\n k.een interest and grasped the practica.l aspect of the agri business mari.:eting
We wish him a.IJ success in his future endea"ors r' ~er;Jr~r For Kudumbashree mission
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Trid3 S!iilcings Mei:!iull Coilt"ge P.O... Thin:va~l'lthap.ura~ ttTl Tet 04'7i-:554Th.. ~715 (0) ~: ~:n-::554n7 rmait mb@tll:J-'rn~-n~ . O"'i: --~ Declaration and Undertaking by the Candidate
I, Sagar 5.5, S/o Mr.B. Surothaman certify the work embodied in project report entitled "Evaluation of various agriculture programmes undertaken by Kudumbashree in Thiruvananthapuram district" is my own first hand bonafide work carried out by me under the guidance of Dr. D.N.Tiwari , at Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, College of Agriculture during session 2013-2015.
The matter embodied in the thesis has not been submitted for the award of any other degree/ diploma. Due credit has made to all the assistance and help.
I undertake the complete responsibility that any act of misinterpretation, mistakes, and errors of fact are entirely of my own.
I, also abide myself with the decision taken by my advisor for the publication of material extracted from the report and subsequent improvement, on mutually beneficial basis, provided the due credit is given, thereof.
Date: o2=7- OS"- 20lS"" ~ Place: Jabalpur SAGAR S. S. Copyright© Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh 2015
Copyright Transfer Certificate
Title of the Project :"Evaluation of various agriculture programmes undertake by Kudumbashree in Thiruvananthapuram district".
Name of the candidate :Sagar S.S. Subject : M.B.A. (.A.gri Business Management)
Department :Agricultural Economics & FarmManagement College : College of Agriculture Year of project Submission: 2015 Copyright Transfer
The undersigned Sagar S.S. assigns to the Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, all rights under Copyright Act, that may exists in and for the report entitled "Evaluation of various agriculture programmes undertaken by Kudumbashree in Thiruvananthapuram district" submitted for the award of MBA (Agri Business Management) degree.
Date:27 · _5- 20 JS: Place: Jabalpur
• ~ Dr~ Sagar 5.5 Major Advisor (Student) Acknowledgement
It is indeed a great pleasure in getting this privilege to express my indebtedness and deepest sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to my guide Dr. D. N.Tiwari, Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management. College of Agriculture, J.N.K.V.V. Jabalpur for the talented and inspiring guidance, constructive criticism. constant encouragement and generous support throughout the course and specially during my project.
I have intense desire to express my wholehearted sense of gratitude to venerable member of my advisory committee namely Dr. R. M. Sahu, Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management and Dr. A. K. Rai, Associate Professor, Directorate of Instrumentation, JNKW Jabalpur for their valuable guidance and fruitful suggestions during the course of study and project work.
I feel short of words in expressing my sincere and profound gratitude to Dr. N. K. Raghuwanshi, Professor and Head , Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, College of Agriculture, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur for his keen interest in watching the progress of my work,constructive criticism and giving useful suggestions from time to time throughout the project work.
I express my sincere thanks else, I would be failing in my duty, if I forget to express my due obligations to, Dr. A.K.Sarawgi, Dr. R.M.Sahu, Dr. P.K.Awasthi, Dr. H.O.Sharma, Dr. Deepak Rathi, Dr.K.G. Choubey, Dr.A.M.Mishra, Shri. N.P.Sharma, and all the professors of Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management for their constant encouragement and suggestions at various stages during the course of this study.
render my sincere thanks to Dr. V.S.Tomar, Honorable Vice- Chanceller, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur for providing all necessary facilities during the course of my study at Jabalpur. I also thank to Dr.S.K. Rao Dean, faculty of agriculture and also thank to Dr. G.S Rajput. Directorate of Instruction, for providing all the necessary facilities during the study at J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur.
I also thank to Dr. (Smt.) Om Gupta, Dean College of Agriculture, Jabalpur for providing all the necessary facilities during the study at J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur.
I extend my sincere thanks to Mrs. Valsala Kumari (Executive Director,Kudumbashree), Mr. Rahul (Project Officer), Mr. Pradeep (Programme coordinator),Anandhu(block coordinator) and all staff of Kudumbashree for their support in completion of this project.
My heartfully thanks to my all batch mates especially to Mani, Bhaskar, Dhinesh, Gagan, Lakhan,Amrita and my juniors Abhishek, Appu, and Nithin for their precious help and for enduring the extended period of total immersion that often required to get the job done.
Last but not the least, I have my deepest sense of affection to my parents Mr.B.Surothaman, Mrs. K.Saraswathy who inspired me to achieve this uphill task by their blessings and love.
I am also thankful to Mr. Sanjay graphics for the neat and timely completion of this computerized Work.
Date: :2/· S · '2 0 l >
Place: Jabalpur List of Contents
Chapter Title Page 1 Introduction 1-4
2 Profile of the Organization 5-19
3 Profile of Study Area 20-27
4 Research Methodology 28-29
5 Results and Discussion 30-44
6 Summary, Conclusions and recommendation 45-48
7 Annexure I and II
Vitae LIST OF TABLES
Sl. Title Pag' No. No. 2.1 Some special micro enterprises are listed below 18 3.1 Borders of Thiruvananthapuram district 22 3.2 Geographic coordinates of Thiruvananthapuram district 23 [ 3.3 Land use pattern of Thiruvananthapuram district 24 3.4 Area and production of major agriculture crops in 25 Thiruvananthapuram district 3.5 Brief Facts about Thiruvananthapuram district 26 : Monthly Agricultural income of the farmers 30 5.1 5.2 Crop insurance by the farmers 31 I I 5.3 depicts the agricultural situation of the farmers 31 5.4 Cropping pattern of the farmers 33 - 5.5 Details of Subsidies/ Grants from development departments 34 I ! ! 5.6 Current market dealers for farmers 34
5.7 JLG Formation and facilitation : 37 5.8 Agriculture Area target achieved 37 5.9 Training programmes organized/conducted 38 5.10 Field visit undertaken during the year 39 5.11 Mechanization of Farmers Fecilitization Centre (FFC 39 5.12 : Paticipation/attendance 40 5.13 Adoption of innovative agriculture techniques/programmes 41 , undertaken during the year and Mure plan LIST OF FIGURES
Sl. Title Pa~
No. No
3.1 Map of the Thiruvananthapuram District 20
3.2 Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala 27
I 32 I 5.1 Agricultural situation of the farmers
' 5.2 Satisfaction level to the market player 35
5.3 Willingness of the farmers to shift from current market dealers to 35
kudumbashree
5.4 Agriculture area target achieved by block co ordinators 38
5.5 Mangement expertize of the block coordiantors 41 Chapter-1 Introduction INTRODUCTION
Women are making significant contribution to rural economy and its development by being part of income generating activity. Women now play multiple roles stretching themselves from agricultural laborers to entrepreneurs. Women are now increasingly becoming more independent in decision making and are able to control the resources in a better way. But these changes may be isolated bright spots in a dark canvass of wider oppression of women, especially with respect to women in agriculture. Women in agriculture and rural areas have one thing in common across regions: they have less access than men to productive resources and opportunities. The gender gap exists for many assets, inputs and services, including land, livestock, labour, education, extension and financial services, and technology. It imposes costs not only on women themselves. but on the agriculture sector, the broader economy and society as a whole. (FAO, State of food and agriculture 2010-2011 ). As stated above the gender gap in agriculture manifests itself in numerous dimensions across all realms of production and value chain. The resource allocation and access to modern and efficient agriculture are greatly skewed in the favor of male; the women even though omnipresent in all the activities of agriculture are relegated as agriculture laborers.
Kudumbashree mission, the state poverty eradication mission with its objectives of women, social and economic empowerment, has acknowledged these issues in its early stages and had tried to address this by forming multi prong strategies targeting gender gap in agriculture. Initial focus was provided to identify the gender gaps in factors of production with respect to agriculture and accordingly the gaps in Land. Labour and capital were identified.
Land forms the most important factor of production for agriculture activity. Ownership and the independence for taking decision on the land use pattern forms an integral part of agriculture , but majority of the rural and poor women have limited access to agriculture land as most of them are landless or having only homestead land for a survival. But on the other side the absentee landlordism was increasing with more and more agriculture land being converted to fallow land for the lack of interest and profit from agriculture for the land owners. This provided an opportunity for the
1 Kudumbashree to develop one of its first interventions in agriculture based livelihoods, titled as Lease Land Farming (LLF). Under this intervention landless women were provided with an option of undertaking agriculture in land leased out from government and private agencies with prefixed tenures and land usage fees. This was a major intervention aimed at reducing the land resources allocation bias among the women farmers, as now even though the land may be leased, but the landless women were getting an opportunity to take their own decision with land use pattern and to generate their own income from agriculture activity. Through this intervention the landless women agricultural laborers was transforming themselves into first time producers. The realization that landless women can undertake agriculture and could generated revenues was a great inspiration for other landless women and slowly this programme was becoming a revolution among the landless women. Gradually the realm of activity was increasing from mere production to value addition and marketing.
Capital being the second factor of production is always central to agriculture activity, especially in scenarios where production is undertaken by poor landless women. Lack of collateral and seed capital has always hindered the progress of LLF to its full potential. To address these issues Kudumbashree along with National bank for agriculture and rural development (NABARD) modified the LLF project to a new project under which lease land farming was converted into a group activity by creation of Joint Liability Group (JLG) among the women. These newly formed JLG were mandated to get registered at the Community Development Society (CDS). Registered JLG were provided with a unique registration number and each of the JLG was graded using a grading tool developed by NABARD. These steps ensured better accountability and transparency, and created a structural frame work for the furthering the agriculture activity undertaken by landless women in lease land.
2 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
India is an agrarian country in which agriculture contributes 13.8% of the GOP and more than half of the Indian population depends upon agricutture for their bread and butter. The population of our country is steadly increasing but our agriculture production is dedining. For increasing prcx:Juction the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides has increased tremendously and the health of the people are affected adversely. Need for a shift to organic cultivation became a necessary.
As far as Kerala is concerned, we are depending upon other states for our f!X>d consumption needs and aJso have the problem of lirTited land holding. The vegetabfes from other states are poisonous and hannful to our health. There arise the need for organized method of cuttivation of organic vegetables and the need for terrace farming for meeting the problem of cultivable land has also been evolved. Involvement of worren in agriculture has aJso become relevant through home stead cultivation. This wil solve the problem of lirrited land holding in Kerala.
Concerted efforts are made by the KuduriDashree for devek>ping the agricUture arrong the women and the public tiYough various programmes. This study and the need to develop Jease land farmng and the practice of terrace taming has also evolved. As f~ as ln
3 JBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The specific objectives of the study are
• Direct market intervention of Kudumbashree cut vegetable unit.
• Performance evaluation of agriculture block coordinators in Thiruvananthapuram
district.
• SWOT analysis of the terrace farming support group
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
• The area of the study is limited to Thiruvananthapuram district only.
• To carry out a project of this nature the time available is limited Chapter-2 Company Profile 2.1 Kudumbashree The State Poverty Eradication Mission of the Government of Kerala. popularty known as Kudumbashree (meaning 'prosperity of the family') was established in 1998 with the mission of eradicating absolute poverty through concerted action by community based organization under the leadership of local self governments in the State. Kudumbashree is having three basic mission, women empowerment, social empowerment and economic empowerment. Kudumbashree is built around three basic components- micro credit. entrepreneurship and empowerment, the Kudumbashree initiative has today succeeded in addressing the basic needs of the less privileged women and providing a more dignified life and better future.
2.2 Mission
To eradicate absolute poverty through concerted community action under the leadership of local self governments. by facilitating organization of the poor for combining self-help with demand led convergence of available services and resources to tackle the multiple dimensions and manifestations of poverty. holistically.
The main objectives are
Enable the community organization network to function as autonomous institutions of the poor and marginalized
Facilitate structure and mechanisms that would ensure participation of the community network in local governance processes and in tum, would enable the local self governments to strengthen their development and poverty alleviation mandate.
2.3 Structure of Kudumbashree
The grassroots of Kudumbashree are Neighbourhood Groups(NHG) that send representatives to the ward level Area Development Societies(ADS). The ADS sends its representatives to the Community Development Societies(CDS).which completes the unique three-tier structure of Kudumbashree ..
5 It is the network that brings women to the gramasabha and helps them bring the needs of the poor to the attention of the local governments. The Community Development Societies are also very active in Government programmes and play significant roles in development activities ranging from socio-economic surveysand enterprise development to community management and social audit.
Neighbourhood Groups (NHG)
The lowest tier constitutes the NHG
);>- Consists of 10-20 members selected from economically backward families
);>- Each member representing a family is its building block.
)> Five volunteers for functional activities including health, education, basic needs, thrift and credit
Area Development Society (ADS)
)> The second tier is the Area Development Society
)> Formed by federating NHGs
)> Led by representatives of poor elected from the federating NHGs
)> The activities and the decision in the ADS are decided by the representatives of the women elected from various NHGs
)> Coordinates the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
Community Development Society(CDS)
)> At the PanchayaUMunicipal level a community Development Society(CDS), a registered body under the Travancore -Cochin Literarcy Scientific and Charitable Societies Act, is formed by federating all ADSs in the locaql bodies.
)> Facilitate effective linkage with Local Self Governments
6 2.4 CDS Action Pl n
The CDS Action Plan i an annual demand plan, con olidating dev~lop , requirements from the NHG to the CDS level Objectives of the CDS Action Plan ar following:
, Enable participatory, bottom up consolidation of deveJopme,nt demand Jn community
Provide a tool for the local self government to converge resources for community development and poverty aneviation from various ources.
Act as a basis for monitoring performance and :supp.orting structures.
7' 2 .. 5' MKSP .. MahUa Kl san a akthlk ran P __rlyoj' _n
MKSP a sub compone.nt under the National Rural v I h . · d c •• on reducing the gender gap 1n a·gricul.ur , by pro and sustainable agricultural practices to b . fol:o by is envisaged for enh.ancing· the capacity of ·wo - fa in resource and technology aJocation for 'Women in ag1: ·" is. implemented through the network of ._d M·KSP project was converged ·with the o.ngo.· g with the· aim of enhancing the capacity of - creation of favorable ecosystem for me' 1 1 , cultivation. 2.6 Strategies activities and achievement under first phase of MKSP project implementation
Community Resource Persons- Master Farmer strategy
Agriculture extension was a seen as major thrust area for the improvement of agriculture in the country. Numerous schemes and programmes were launched for addressing the issue of knowledge and technology transfer for the farmers. But majority of these programmes were designed to address the issues of agriculture with "male" being the farmer. The roles of women in agriculture were neglected and accordingly most of the extension programmes by design excluded the women. The intended knowledge transfers were limited up to male farmers.
In this scenario the success of MKSP project depended on creating a new paradigm of agriculture extension services aimed at the making the knowledge transfer reach every women farmer. After numerous brain storming sessions, consultation and observing best practices across the world, it was decided that a new model of women centric extension service would be established, combining best of community management and peer to peer learning. Accordingly women master farmer programme was rolled out in the state, under which experienced women farmers were selected from each of the Panchyat after a preliminary screening undertaken a by panel comprising of agriculture officers, Kudumabshree mission staff, Local self Governance Department staff and other eminent farming personalities of the Panchyat. These selected women farmers were provided intensive training on best agriculture a practices by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Agriculture Universities and other allied institutions for various period of time. Intensive training and constant interaction with people engaged in agriculture has helped in enhancing the knowledge base of the women master farmers greatly and over the time these master farmers evolved as the resource pool for agriculture at each of the Panchyat. Currently 4-5 JLGs are attached with each of the master farmers and they assist these JLG in all the activities related with agriculture. Since these master farmers are women, the JLG members are readily able connect with the master farmers and are able to present their problems in a better way, also since the master farmers
9 are from the community itself, better adoption rate of technology advised by them has been observed in the JLGs.
Hence it can be observed that the master farmer strategy has been a great success in the rolling out of the MKSP project in the state and currently Kudumbasree has more than 10,000 trained master farmers acting as the first line of agriculture extension agents for the JLGs.
2.7 Farmer Felicitation centers
Drudgery reduction forms a important component under the MKSP and mechanization of farming activity is seen as a alternative for drudgery reduction. But since majority of the JLG members are poor women undertaking farming on lease land, they are unable to afford the high cost of machinery used in agriculture activity. Accordingly to overcome this issue a community level agriculture machine pool was planned in each of the 978 rural CDS/ Panchyat. This plan was executed under the name of Farmer Felicitation Centre such that a common place/ room was identified in each of the Panchyat and agriculture machinery according to local requirements were purchased and kept at the centers for renting out to demanding JLGs. The management of the FFC was entrusted with a committee formed among the master farmers of the respective CDS with overall monitoring by CDS chairperson. The revenue generated from renting out the machinery is used for the administrative expenses of the FFC. Currently the FFC are promoted as local knowledge dissemination centers, for agriculture and allied activity such that training manuals, publication, agriculture magazines etc are made availuble at each of the FFC for better and officlont knowledge dissemination.
Currently out of targutod 978 FFC, 961 FFC has boon estobllshod And r-tro acting as knowtodgo and sorvlco dollvory points In rural villngos
Ill 2.8 Human resource development - training and capacity building activity of women farmers
Productivity enhancement from agriculture is a dominant discourse in the MKSP project, and achievement of this objective majorly depends on the human resources development of the participants. As described earlier the participant of this programme are rural landless women farmers whom are historically excluded from the normal extension and capacity building activity undertaken in the realms of agriculture. Hence the importance of capacity building and training is even more for the MKSP project. Understanding this requirement Kudumbasree evolved multiple training strategies aimed at different level of participants.
Orientation and capacity building training were undertaken for all the members of the JLG of the state, in which modern and sustainable agriculture practices were introduced the farmers, more than 2, 12,487 women farmers were trained under this component. The trainings were undertaken by the master farmers and resource pool identified at each of the rural CDS
Technical training on agriculture and allied activity were provided for more than 55,000 women farmers selected from 47,000 JLG spread across the state. These training wero more intensive and were provided by KVK and other agriculture allied reseArch ·nstitutions. The farmers were exposed to most modern and sustninoblo ngricultuml :>ractices, demonstration plots and field experiments. Training on Mochnlsntlon w:as Jrovided to more than 900 master farmers, whom woro rnado chnroo or tho FFC. Tlmso naster farmers wero provided a holistic training on nil tho uspor.t or· tlln norlcultum nachines purchased in thoir FFC, includlnu Its worklnn. ropulrlllU ond nutlnlotliUic;u
~~ th(:,~~ training and capacity bulldirtH uctlvlty hulpo II Human r,esource devel1 opment for group farming 2.9 Crea ion of agric lture friendly ecosystem Ag iculture is a culmination of many activities starting from land preparation and seed selecti:on to 'mar'keting o·f product and value added products. Kudumbashree believes that agriculture supporting intervention should be, present in all the spheres of activity related with agriculture and should create a better ecosystem for enhancing the returns fro,m agriculture. Consequently Kudumbashree has initiated seed bank cultivation among the JLG such that good quality viable seeds are produced by the women farmers. themselves, and are avai'lable, for other JLG in that particular area. Such a process also helps in preserving the bio diversity of particular region as seeds indigenous to that area are preserved and propagated. Soil testing has been made mandatory for the all JLG and the support of the nearest a.griculture lab has been called for this activi·ty. Credit flow has been ensured by linking the JLGs with the bank and in the .last financial Rs130 Cr has been linked to· the JLGs. Marketing facility has been provided through the creati ~ on of weekly and monthly markets at the CDS level. 12 Convergence with state owned Supply co and Vegetable and Fruit promotion council of Kerala (VFPCK) has been made for ensuring better price realization for the farmers. Value addition and marketing activities by the JLGs are also promoted, such that 80 tonnes of paddy were procured, milled and marketed under the Kudumbashree brand by JLG groups across the state 2.10 Support for diversified activity Adoption of new technology, preservation of traditional agriculture methods and practice of integrated farming are some of the areas where supports are provided under the diversified activity of MKSP project. New technologies like rain shelter technology, poly houses, drip irrigation etc which augment the production and help in promoting sustainable agriculture are introduced to the farmers and training are provided for mastering these techniques. Traditional agriculture practices like "navadhanya" cultivation, pokkali model etc is promoted under support for traditional agriculture practices. Integrated farming forms an integral part of sustainable agriculture. The animal unit and agriculture augment each other well and enhance the income generating potential of farming Farmers are encouraged to produce Jeevamruthu and panchagavya, from the dung and urine of the animal unit such that non pesticide and zero budgets based farming methods can be better propagated. Also the farmers are encouraged to undertake fodder cultivation as intercrop among the major crop for better land utilization. 13 Whea flour making unit under kudumbashree Pickle making un:it under kudumbashree 14 2.11 Gender Self Learning Programme Kudumbashree have been working on a programme that aims at getting women to discuss the gender dimension of their issues. For this we had to break the mould of thrift and credit based discussions which alone were taking place in the NHG, apart from the odd health or other dissemination. Locally contextualised modules on issues such as women and work, women and health, women and mobility, women and entertainment are developed and deliberated in Neighbourhood Group meetings. The different voices of women and their perceptions about the topics of discussion will be captured on a web-based portal accessible at the level of the Local Self Government. The portal is being developed with the support of the Minister of Information Technology,Government of India. Awareness building programmes seem not to leave any sustained impact. It was felt therefore that a learning process in which the women felt themselves to have a stake, and would be delivered not through trainings, but through discussions focusing on some aspect of their lives and livelihoods they could relate to, either through a story line, or through some other format- press cuttings, poems, skit etc. had to be the mode of delivery. State level consultations help identify the themes of the 'learning modules', The content for the learning modules are prepared by local women resource persons, who source the stories out of their own experiences for further contextualisation and development. 2.12 Physical and financial achievements:- During the financial year 2013-14, 40218 ha so far being cultivated by 47611 JLGs groups Around 10543 JLGs have availed loans so far amounting to more than 123 crore. Paddy, bananas, Vegetables like Bitter gourd, snake gourd, cowpea. bottle gourd, ridge gourd, little gourd, bhindi, amaranthus, brinjal, chilli, cucumber, and other crops like water melon, ginger, tapioca and pineapple were cultivated in 27270 hectares. 15 2.13 Asraya The Asraya project, supported by State Government was tried in 179 Gram Panchayats in the year 2001. The State Government's assistance of Rs 500 Lakhs was a Challenge fund for extending support to local governments that take up the implementation of the project. Besides the 9-point index, another 15 points that lead to destitution are also included in the index for destitute families. The individual needs of the family are identified through a participatory need assessment, involving the CBO members and the elected representatives. The project envisaged to address the various deprivations faced by the destitute families such as lack of food, health problems including chronic illness, treatment for life threatening diseases, pension, educational facilities to children, land for home, shelter and shelter up gradation, drinking water, safe sanitation facilities, skill development, employment opportunities, etc. Comprehensive project proposals are prepared wherein the needs of each beneficiary are addressed. Besides the Plan fund of the LSGis and the Rs.15 Lakh provided under the Challenge fund from Kudumbashree, the LSGis have to mobilize funds from other sources including contributions from individuals and donors. Projects are implemented with utmost public participation. When the CBOs of poor get an opportunity to identify their felt needs by taking part in the Anti Poverty Sub Plan (APSP) preparation process the people in Venganur village panchayat, Trivandrum district had flagged a crucial problem faced by a small set of poor families who have mentally and physically challenged children. The parents who are marginal workers, agriculture labourers, living below poverty line find it difficult to address the special needs of their children. Perhaps they were the most vulnerable segment among the poor in the village panchayat. The problems flagged by the community were really an eye opener for the leaders of the panchayat and Kudumbashree functionaries. It paved the way to plant the seed of an idea to set up a special school for rehabilitation of the differently a bled children in the panchayat. 16 2.14 Micro Enterprises. Supporting and sustaining micro enterprises has always been a challenge for development adminiistration. Problems of scale, capability, market and vulnerability do not offer easy solutions. In the recent past Kudumbashree has been attempting to analyze and resolve these problems specifically and jointly, both by increasing the interface with the LSG and the entrepreneur regarding existing programmes, and by bringing new strategies and new programmes that help converge resources and address arising issues proa~tively and creatively. There are special enterprises that have been specifically sponsored and developed by the Kudumbashree Mission in areas as diverse as milk production and IT enabled services. A micro enterprise unit undertaking kitchen ware making 17 Table 2.1 Some special micro enterprises are listed below Sl Name of the Activities No. enterprise 1 Santhwanam Enterprise to provide medical test facilities at one's doorstep. 2 Thelima .. Solid Waste Outsourcing the city function of waste collection to Management: women entrepreneurs 3 Am ruth am Food Nutritional food supplement provided through the Supplement 33000 anganwadi of the State to children in the age group of 6 months to 3 years. 4 IT & ITES Kudumbashree enterprises in the highly competitive world of information technology. 5 EKSAT An enterprise of training specialists from the community network of kudumbashree. 6 KAASS Kudumbashree Accounts & Audit Service Society; a home grown enterprise to ensure proper account keeping in the community network. 7 SME Sales and Marketing enterprises (SMEs) are micro enterprises that function with the specific purpose of marketing products of Kudumbashree entrepreneurs 8 Nature Fresh Providing milk at premium to the consumer-nature fresh and unadulterated with no preservatives 9 CAFE Started in 2009-1 0 in order to improve the conditions of KUDUMBASHREE canteen/ catering units, Thrissur district mission's intervention in the canteen and catering sector has been with the formation of a management and marketing group called AIFRHM (Adebha Institute for Food Research and Hospitality Management). 10 TRISAT Started in early 2009 at Wayanad district with the aim of exclusive development of tribal community by providing trainings, conducting workshops and through other means. 18 Chapter-3 Profile of the project area PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA This chapter deals with the information about the selected project area. INTRODUCTION Thiruvananthapuram District is the southernmost distrid of the coasta state of Kerala, in south ilndia. It came into existence in the year 1957. The headquarters is the city of Thiruvananthapuram {Trivandrum) which is also the capital city of Kerala The ~-... has an area of 2, 192 square kilometres (846 sq ~ mi) and a population of 3 .307 284 as per the 2011 census) the second-most populous district in Kerala after Malaoo distrid. It is the· densest district in Kerala with 1,509 :people per square kilometre I ;.A DISTRICT , ,,I ,, I I I , " , I ,--" .. ; \. ' ' '• I ' I I - .... , , \ .. .. 1 ., Figure 3.. 1: p of th• Thlruv•n•nth1puram District 20 3.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF THIRUVANANTHAPURAM DISTRICT Thiruvananthapuram city and several other places in the district loom large in ancient tradition, folklore and literature. South Kerala, particularly the Thiruvananthapuram district, had in the early past a political and cultural history which was in some respect independent of that of the rest of Kerala. The Ays were the leading political power till the beginning of the 10th century A.D. In 1684, during the regency of Umayamma Rani, the English East India Company obtained a sandy spit of land at Anchuthengu (Anjengo) on the sea coast about 32 kms north of Thiruvananthapuram city, with a view to erecting a factory and fortifying it. The place had earlier been frequented by the Portuguese and later by the Dutch. It was from here that the English gradually extended their domain to other parts of Thiruvithamcore (Travancore ). Modern history begins with Marthanda Varma, who is generally regarded as the Father of modern Travancore (1729-1758 AD). Thiruvananthapuram was known as a great centre of intellectual and artistic activities in those days. The accession of Maharaja Swathi Thirunal (1829-1847 AD) ushered in an epoch of cultural progress and economic prosperity. The beginning of English education was made in 1834 by opening an English school at Thiruvananthapuram. During the reign of Ayilyam Thirunal (1860-1880), a fully equipped Arts College was started besides the several English, Malayalam and Tamil schools. In 1873, the University College was opened. It was during the reign of Sri Moolam Thirunal (1885-1924), that the Sanskrit College, Ayurveda College, Law College and a second grade College for Women were started at Thiruvananthapuram .. One of the significant measures associated with Shri Moolam Thirunal's reign was the inauguration of the Legislative Council in 1888. This was the first legislative chamber, instituted in an Indian state. 21 The period of Maharaja Shri Chithira Thirunal BaJa Rama Varma who took the reigns of administration in 1931, witnessed many-sided progress. The promulgation of the Temple Entry Proclamation {1936) was an act that underlined social emancipation. In 1937, a separate University for Travancore was started. This was later redesigned as University of Kerala, following the formation of Kerala State in 1956. With the accession of Travancore to the Indian Union after Independence, the policy of the State Government as well as the political atmosphere underwent radical changes. The first popular ministry headed by Sri.Pattom A.Thanu Pillai was installed in office on 24th March, 1948. Consequent on the recommendations of the State Reorganisation Commission. the four southern taluks of Thovala, Agasheeswaram, Kalkulam and Vilavancode were merged with Tamil Nadu. The State of Kerala came into being on November 1, 1956. PHYSIOGRAPHY Table 3.1 Borders of Thiruvananthapuram district Indicators Borders East Thirunalveli District, Tamilnadu. South Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu West The Arabian Sea. North Kallam District. The district stretches along the shores of the Arabian sea for a distance of 78 kms. Kallam district is on the north and Thirunelveli and Kanyakumari districts of Tamil Nadu are on the east and the south respectively. 22 Table 3.2 Geographic coordinates of Thiruvananthapuram district Particulars Co ordinates Latitude so 17' and so 54' N Longitude 76° 41' and 77° 17' E Altitude SOO metre Thiruvananthapuram, the southern most district of Kerala State is situated between north latitudes S0 1T and so 54' and east longitudes 76° 41' and 77° 1T. The southern most extremity, Parasala, is only 56 kms away from Kanyakumari, the "land's end of India". SOCIO-ECONOMIC-CONDITIONS More than 50 per cent of the total population depends on agriculture for their livelihood. Agricultural labourers constitute 42 per cent of the total labour class. Large scale industries are not established in the district. Most of the people are engaged in low remunerative pursuits which require very little capital. Political and social consciousness, coupled with the efforts of the social, religious and cultural leaders, have helped considerably pull down the age-old feudal order. Economic changes have also affected the social life and attitude of the people CLIMATE The large forest reserves favourably affect the climate and induce more rain in the district. In the mountain ranges, chilling cold is experienced, whereas lower down the climate is bracing and in the plains, it is generally hot. Though the mean maximum temperature is only around 90 F, it is oppressive in the moisture-laden atmosphere of the plains. Humidity is high and rises to about 90 per cent during the southwest monsoon. The average rainfall is around 150 ems per annum. It is significant that the district gets rainfall both from the southwest and the northeast monsoons. 23 The southwest monsoon starts by the end of May or from the beginning of June and fades out by September, while the northeast monsoon commences in October. Dry weather sets in by the end of December. December, January and February are the coolest months of the year. March, April and May are generally very hot. During the months of April and May, the mean daily maximum temperature rises upto 35 degree Celsius and in the days of December-January, it may go down to 20 degree Celsius. Table 3.3 Land use pattern of Thiruvananthapuram district Sl Land use pattern of the district (latest Area Percentage No statistics) (000' ha) to total area 1 Forest area 49.0 22.5 2 Land under nonagricultural use 24.4 11 3 Permanent pastures Nil 4 Cultivable wasteland 0.5 0.002 5 Land under Misc. tree crops and groves 0.1 0.0004 6 Barren and uncultivable land 0.3 0.001 7 Net cultivated area 144.4 66.4 Total Geographical area 218.7 Source: prd.gov.in From the table it was found that total geographical area constitute 218700 hactares. 22% of the land is covered by forest. 11% of the land is of non agriculture purpose. The net irrigated land is 144000 hactares of land. The net cultivated area is found to be declining due to exploitation of land for non agriculture porpose such as construction of houses. 24 Table 3.4 Area and production of major agriculture crops in Thiruvananthapuram district jCrop Area under cultivation (ha.) Production in tonne ! jRice 11368 19610 !Pepper 5090 1824 ' !Ginger 108 313 ; ; :Cashewnut 2184 1745 I :Tapioca 25253 500101 I ;coconut 84308 516 million Nuts ; I :Areca nut 717 456 million Nuts I I I' Tea j ·Rubber 26999 30717 I Banana 8234 15432 Source : Trivandrum.gov.in From the table it is found that coconut is having maximum area of cultivation followed by rubber, tapioca and rice. Coconut is having the highest production of 516 million nuts. Tapioca is having a production of above 5 lakh tones and rubber having more than 30000 tonnes. Banana is having a cultivation of 8234 hactare Divisions and administration Taluks in Thiruvananthapuram district The headquarters of the district administration is at Vanchiyoor, Thiruvananthapuram. The district administration is headed by the District collector. He is assisted by five deputy collectors holding charges of general matters, land acquisition. revenue recovery, land reforms and election. The District Collector also holds the charge of the District Magistrate and is assisted by the Additional District Magistrate (Deputy Collector, General) and the Revenue 25 Divisional Officer. The district has only one revenue division, which is headed by the Revenue Divisional Officer (ROO). He is also the Sub-Divisional Magistrate. There are 120 villages under the six taluks of the district. The names of the taluks, their headquarters and the Villages under them are given below. Table 3.5 Brief facts about Thiruvananthapuram district !District Thiruvananthapuram j /Area {in Sq.km) 2,192 Population 3,234,707 ,Males 1,571,424 !Females 1,663,283 l ISex ratio : Females/1 000 1,058 I j Literacy rate: male I female 95%/91% I Density of Population 1476 I J Per Capita Income (in Rs) 20,484 r ICoastal line in km. 78 ! i !water bodied area in ha. 5,525 Forest area in ha. 49,861 Assembly Constituencies Varkala, Attingal, KWmanoor , Vamanapuram Aryanad, Nedumangadu, Kazhakuttam Thiruvananthapuram North,Thiruvananthapuram West, Thiruvananthapuram East, Nemam Kovalam, Neyyattinkara,Parassala According to 2011 census data the total area of the district is about 2192 sq. km. Total population of the district is 3234 707 and literacy rate of the mala and the female constitute 855 and 91% respectively. The percapita income of the individuals is around 20484. 22% of the total geographical area is forest. 26 Figure 3.2 Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala ,.._~ "'"',r_ c_ ...,., DISTRICT MAP • Kasar~~~ ' .. KASAllA' GOD. . 'a - ' ' ,,, KAR NAT AKA KANNUR '""" --\ ~ , ~--""' J ... '.,- ; ..."' .·• Auau,an\... ' _ _,_, --- ' ; - •. -' ~ '-,l I ,~ --J ·,·.":'- tta ,(-' I K a~ . ·ti'_ - ' I ~ f'"'-' '----J • ~ : I 1 .. ,_ . - ' .·, - • Ko~hiktide TAMILNADU .. ®Ma[a~ti,Puram. . ~ ·- - ,. ..- @Palak} Map net ID~ Copynabl 0 201 J www.m•paoffnd1•.com (UPdaltld on 8lh ~bnJary 20 3) Chapter-4 Research Methodology RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter deals with the description of the methods used in present investigations. The methodology employed has been presented under following sub heads:- 1. Study area 2 . Type of data collection 3. Method of analysis 4.1 Study area The present study was confined to Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. Company assigned twelve blocks of Thiruvanathapuram district for performance evaluation of block coordinators which includes Parassala, Athiyannoor, Perunkadavila, Nemom, Thiruvananthapuram,Kazhakoottam,Nedumanga Vellanad. Vamanapuram, Chirayinkizhu, Kilimanoor, Varkala and Aruvikkara panchayath for survey of farmers for studying the marketability of farm produce. 4.2 Data needs To fulfill the stated specific objectives, various types of primar:1 ~ n -; secondary information regarding were corrected from farme-rs tl-:.~ .~ coordinators and members of terrace farming of kudumbashrs-.:; ! rt ! i-' ~ study area. 4.2.1 Primary data Ths Primary data were collected from fifitJ farm~r~ at J.' ..;I~"~"~ ' ~ panchayath leveL A separate questionnaire schedule ua~ f;r.:;~~,~-; ~-;. ... farmers. Th~ selected farm~r~ wer~ intervie 11~d 11ith the h~~:;, -:,f teste1 que~tionn~ire ~chr::1ufetj for preferred e~ttribufe~ in cr'='~;. . T r ~ block coordinators in Thiruvananthapuram district of Mahila Kissan Sashakthikaran Pariyojana project were selected and their performance were evaluated with the help of performance evaluation tool. 4.2.2 Secondary data Secondary data was collected from different government offices. • Departments and Deputy Director of Agriculture office. • Agricultural blocks office and zilla panchyat • Kudumbashree library • Internet articles. • Reference from college library, JNKVV, Jabalpur. Data Analysis The collected data were analyzed with the help of tools like percentages and grades . Graphical representations such as pie diagrams and bar charts were also used. The block co ordinators were ranked on the basis of grades For the construction of grades the BCs were asked to mark the statements. The opinion of the respondents were assigned marks of 5,4,3,2 and 1, representing most positive degree to most negative degree of opinion. 29 Chapter-S Presentation of data and findings Chapter- V RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Rejuvenation of organic cut vegetable unit A cut vegetable unit was started under Thiruvanathapuram Kudumbashree mission in Aruvikkara panchayath. The unit started and was suddenly shut down within a day.. The strategy was to sell 100 packets at Pattom as direct sales agent. But only 60 packets were sold out and 40 packets were left during the day. The study was conducted to understand the problems associated with the shutdown of the unit and formulating strategies for revival of the unit. For this objective a survey was conducted among 50 farmers in Aruvikkara panchayath.The study was to understand the economic pmfile of the farmers and to find out their approach towards supplying organic vegetables to kudumbashree. Analysis of study of farmers in Aruvikkara panchayath Agricultural Income Table 5.1 shows the monthly agricultural income of the farmers Table 5.1 Monthly Agricultural income of the farmers Sl. No. Income class (Rs.) No. of farmers Average income of the farmers 1 Up to Rs.5000 30 (60) 2500 2 Rs.5000 to Rs.10000 10 (20) 6500 3 Rs.1 0000 and above 10 (20) 12000 Total. 50 (100) Average Income 4500 Source: Complied from f1eld survey. Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentage to total. 30 It may be observed from the table that 60 per cent of the farmers earn less than Rs 5000 per month from agriculture. About 20 per cent of the respondents have income from agriculture between 5000 and 10000 per month. The remaining 20 per cent earn more than Rs. 10000 per month. The average income of the farmer respondents is Rs.4500. Crop insurance Table 5.2 Crop insurance by the farmers Sf. No. Indicators No. of farmers 1 Crops insured 0 Total. 0(0)' Source: Compiled from f1eld survey It is interesting to found from the survey that none of the farmes had insured their crop. Farmers need to insure their crop and it is quite necessary to protect their crop from natural calamities. Landholdings of farmers Table 5.3 depicts the agricultural situation of the farmers Sl. No. Land holdings (acres) No. of farmers Average size of landholdings 1 Marginal Farmers Up to 0.50 15(30) 0.25 0.50- 1.0 20(40) 0.72 1.0 - 2.5 5(10) 2.00 2 Small Farmers 2.5 2.5- 5 10(20) 3.2 Total 50(100) Source: Complied from f1eld survey 31 Note: Figures in bra.ckets indicate percentage to total. It is found that 40 per cent each of the respondents have land holdings up to 0.5 to 1 aae. The remaining 20 per cent have in the range of 2.5-5 acre and 10 per cent between 1 and 2.5 acres. Fig 5.1 Agricultural situation of the farmers 25 20 •c ,,- 15 -0 ,,~ •c -.!! ..a .z•• ~a 10 .s 0 Upto0.50 0.50- 1.0 1.0 - 2.5 2.5 2.5-5 Number of farmers 32 Table 5.4 Cropping pattern of the farmers Sl. Crop No. of farmer Area( acres) No. Freehold Leasehold 1 Paddy 7(15) 15 2 2 Banana 20(40) 25 3 3 Coconut 30(60) 20 5 Tapioca 20(40) 10 3 Brinial 25(50) 5 1 4 Amaranthus 30(60) 5 2 5 Pulses 35(70) 8 2 6 Bhindi 20(40) 5 7 Chilli 10(20) 2 8 Bitter guard 20(40) 5 Source: Compiled from field survey Note: Figures in bracket indicate percentage to total. Farmers are cultivating cent per cent of their land holdings. It is evident that majority (70 per cent} of the farmers are cultivating pulses and the next major crop cultivated by the farmers is coconut and amaranthus (60 per cent), as the geographical conditions of the panchayath are ideal for these crops. Paddy is the third major crop taking into consideration the area. Banana, Paddy, Tapioca and vegetables are cultivated in the irrigated area. Farming is not widely practiced Table 5.5 Details of the vegeta b le cu I.t1vat1on b t h e f armers Sl No. Vegetable No. of farmers Area of cultivation( acres) 1 Brinjal 25(50) 35 2 Amaranthus 30(60) 32 3 Pulses 35(70) 22 4 Bhindi 20(40) 31 5 Chilli 10(20) 15 6 Bitter guard 20(40) 21 Source: Compiled from field survey Note: Figures in bracket indicate percentage to total. 33 Most common vegetable cultivated are pulses(70%) and the second most cultivating vegetable is amaranthus(60%) Table 5.5 Details of Subsidies/ Grants from development departments Sl. Grant Crop Percentage of Institution/ Agency No. of farmers No. /Subsidy subsidy 1. Fertilisers Banana 30% Grama Panchayath 5(10) Coconut 40% (Krishi Bhavan) Rubber 25% 2. Pesticides Banana 30% Grama Panchayath 5(10) Coconut 40% (Krishi Bhavan) Rubber 25% Source: Compiled from field survey Note: Figures in bracket indicate percentage to total. It is found that 20 per cent of the farmers are getting grants/ subsidy from various development departments. The grants are provided by Krishi Bhavan and Grama Panchayath. Coconut is having the highest subsidy. Table 5.6 Current market dealers for farmers SINo Current market dealers Number of farmers 1 Weekly market 25(50) 2 Retail stores 8(16) 3 Wholesale dealers 5(10) 4 Monthly market 12(24) Source: Compiled from field survey Note: Figures in bracket indicate percentage to total. It is found from the table that majority (50%) of the farmers were having weekly market. 24% for monthly market. 34 Fig 5.2 Satisfaction level to the market players so ~ u 40 ~ 30 J! ,.... 20 ...0 J 10 E 0 :I z Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Satisfactory level It was found from the graph that the only 20°/o of the farmers were satisfted with the current market suppliers and 80% of the farmers are not satisfied with the current market players as the problem such as fluctuating price, no regular demand for a particular agricultural commodity in the market etc. Need for a market intermediary was felt during the survey. Fig. 5.3 Willingness of the farmers to shift from current market dealers to kudumbashree 50 ------"' ~ 40 J!"' 30 0 t: cu 20 .a E 10 z:I 0 kudumbashree current dealer Market dealers It was found from the survey that majority of the farmers were willing to provide vegetables to k.udumbashree. It indicates that the farmers were not satisfied with the current market and they need to shift from the current market to new market and the main issue is regarding the fluctuation of price and if kudumbashree provides better price to the farmers produce the farmers showed willingness to supply vegetables through out the year 35 Performance evaluation-block coordinators of Mahila Kisaan Sashakthikaran Pariyojana Mahila Kissan Sashakthikaran Pariyojana is a sub component under the NRLM with a focused approach on susutainable agriculture undertaken by women groups in the fold of NHG network. In order to facilitate better implementation of the project a cadre of block level co ordinators have been appointed in each of the 152 block of the state. The block co ordinators are para professionals qualified in agriculture and animal husbandary practices. provided by the VHSE system of education. Each of the appointed block level coordinators have been presently attached with a Community Development Society and are responsible for the 6-7 CDS coming under each of the block Work profile and job chart of block coordinators • Responsible for the implementation of all the activities under MKSP project in the designated block. • Assist the CDS in JLG formation and lease land identification in each of tha CDS under the block. • Organize training session, exposure visit, seminars and other functions in relation to good agriculture practices for the JLG members and master farmers. • Assist in the review of the master farmers and functioning of the FFC. • Attend the FFC meeting and preparation of activity calendar of FFC. • Assist in getting bank credit linkage. • Support in providing market access for the produce of JLG groups. • Supervise the entries of each of the CDS Thriuvananthapuram district is having 10 block coordinators and the evaluation was based on their work profile and the 36 Table 5.7 JLG Formation and facilitation Sl Performance indicator Achievement No of No. respondents Percentage increase in number of More than 1 (1 0) JLGs 100% 50-100% 8(80) 25-50% 1 (1 0) 10-25% 5-10% Source: Complied from f1eld survey Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentage to total. It is found from the table that 80% of the block co ordinators have achieved more than 50% of JLGs after their joining. Only 10% have achieved more than 100%. Table 5.8 Agriculture Area target achieved Sl Irrigated area No. of Unlrrigated area No. of No (Achievement %) respondents (Achievement%) respondents 1 100% 1(1 0) 100% 2(20) 2 75-50% 6(60) 75-50% 5(50) 3 50-25% 3(30) 50-25% 3(30) 4 Below 25% Below 25% Source: Complied from f1eld survey Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentage to total. From the survey it was found that 60% of the block coordinators have achieved more than 50% and less than 75% of irrigated area target. 10% have only achieved their irrigated area target. It is interesting to find that 50% of the block coordinators have achieved more than 50% of their target. 37 Fig 5.4 Agriculture area target achieved by block co ordinators 7 6 5 5 ..fl c ~ ~ 4 u ~u 0 ~ 3 'O.. .aGI ~ 2 z 1 0 100% 75-50% 50-25% Below 25% Agriculture area target achieved (0k) Table 5.9 Training programmes organized/conducted SI. Performance indicator achievements No. of No. respondents 1 No. of training/capacity More than 25 9(90) building programmes 10-25 1(10) attended Source: Compiled from field survey Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentage to total. It was found from the survey that majority of th co ordinators have attended more than 25 training programmes arranged for the JLG 38 Table 5.10 Field visit undertaken during the year Sl. Key Performance achievements No. of No Indicators respondents 1 Regularity of As per tour schedule 7(70) conducting field submitted visits Daily nil as and when required 3(30) No schedule nil Source: Comp1led from f1eld survey Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentage to total. It was found from the survey that 70% of the BCs conducts their field visits according to their schedule and the rest as and when required. Table 5.11 Mechanization of Farmers Fecilitization Centre (FFC) Sl Performance indicator Achievement % No. of No respondents 1 Mechanization of FFC under 100% 1 (1 0) your block 50-100% 5(50) 25-50% 4(40) Below25% Source: Compiled from field survey Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentage to total. It was found from the survey that 50% BCs have mechanized more than 50% of their FFC. Only one block coordinator has mechanized his FFC. Still some good effort is needed from the block co ordinators for the mechanization of FFC. 39 Table 5.12 Paticipation/attendance Sl. Key Performance Performance Grades Number of block No Indicators variables permitted coordinators obtained the grades 1 Attendance in monthly 100% 5 7{70) review meeting More than 3 3(30) 75% 50-75% 2 Less than 1 50% 2 Attendance in weekly 100% 5 6(60) attached CDS More than 3 4(40) 75% 50-75% 2 Less than 1 50% 3 Attendance in FFC 100% 5 5(50) meeting More than 3 5(50) 75% 50-75% 2 Less than 1 50% Source: Compiled from field survey Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentage to total. From the survey it was found that majority of the block coordinators were having attendance in monthly review meeting, weekly attached Communit Development Society, in farmers fecilitation centre meeting. It shows the attentiveness of the block coordinators for their work. Still a good supervision is needed for the block coordinators their work need to be supervised so that a better attentive block coordinators and thereby increasing the agriculture production through women and can scale up other agri enterprises activities for development of living conditions of the women. 40 Table 6.13 Adoption of Innovative agriculture techniques/programmes undertaken during the year and future plan SI. Key Performance Indicators 1Performanc Grades Number of No e variables pennitted coordinators Innovative agriculture programmes More than 5 6(60) implemented/ adopted . 10 1 More than 5 3 4(40) 2 Belows 2 3 Nil 0 I Programmes in progress/in focus More than 5 7(70) 10 I 1 More than 5 3 . 3(30) I 2 Belows 2 I I 3 Nil 0 From the evaluation it was interesting to find that majority(60°/o) of the coordinators were im1plementing new agricultur progrmmes and are in focus also. Fig S.S. Mangement expertize of the block coordiantors 0% 0% • Excellent • Very good • Good •Poor • Very poor From the performance evaluation it was found that 70o/o of the block co ordinators graded them as excellent. 20% of the block coordinators graded them as very good 41 Analysis of performance of Modern Agro Consulting Team (MACT) terrace farming support group MACT is team formed for integrating all the activities of agriculture under the Kudumbashree District Mission, Thiruvananthapuram . MACT organizes training in agri and agri related activites under kudumbashree. It also take Initiatives for arranging bank linkages, providing consultancy services to the fanners and also provides training and help to the JLG members in organic farming With the facilitation of Kudumbashree a Bio control lab set up at Nedumangad Taluk through which MACT provides organic pesticides, organic fungicides and plant growth regulators for the farmers. Under the District Kudumbashree Mission MACT distributes Gunny bags for terrace farming to customers. A unit consists of 25 bags and contains 8 varieties of vegetables. Other Services Possibilities On demand of farmers experts will monthly visit the agricultural fields and gives proper guidance and supply of organic fertilizers and pesticides on demand order. Resetting of grow bags and setting up drip irrigation system on demand and high tech farming, construction of poly house and all other services related to agriculture. Table 5. 13 Customer satisfaction of services of MACT Sl No. Satisfaction level No. of farmers 1 Satisfied 45(90) 2 unsatisfied 5(10) Source: Comptled from field survey Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentage to total. From the table it was found that 90% of the farmers were satisfied with the services of MACT and 5% were unsatisfied. 42 SWOT ANALYSIS OF Modern Agro Consulting Team (MACT) Strengths • The MACT working team consists well experienced women in the field of agriculture and had contributed in the growth of kudumbashree. • MACT is purchasing seeds, fertilizer and pesticides from bio control lab after proper quality checking • They have achieved best result in their first establishment of grow bags in 10 houses and able to achieve confidence among the customers • Better aftercare servicing of the grow bag units have promoted the current customers to expand their unit. • Support and supervision from the kudumbashree mission through block co ordinators • Providing quality soil mixture which Js a composure of orgamc manure pseudomonas and coir pit. • Supply of grow bags at the right time demanded by the customers Weakness • MACT have not yet fully understand the total demand of the grow bags through out the city. • MACT is incurring high cost for raw materials and labour. It has reduced its profitability. • Currently unavailable work force for meeting service from the customers. • Unestablished management practices. • No proper supervision of the activities of MACT 43 Opportunities • MACT can take advantage of the demand of the people for organic vegetable cultivation thereby expanding the business. • MACT can expand their service wing and can attain profit by regular servicing the customers. • MACT can take regulate transportation cost by taking a vehicle on rent. • MACT have the potential experienced wing of persons for increasing their business and can start a special wing for expert advice in agriculture. Threats • MACT have to forcast the future demand of the customers and their nature of preference should be studied. • The cost of labour and raw materials. • Changing customer behavior. • Emerging competitors in the organic fresh market is one of the major threat which need to be considered while reaching 44 Chapter-6 Summary, Conclusion and Suggestions SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, SUGGESSIONS AND CONCLUSION SUMMARY A survey was conducted among 50 farmers in Aruvikkara panchayath to understand the willingness of the farmers for supply of organic vegetables to kudumbashree cut vegetable unit. Also studied their insurance behavior and the subsidy and grants received by them through government departments. A tool was developed for the evaluation of block co ordinators under MKSP project. Target system should be maintained and can enhance incentivized for achievement of target. This will enhance more motivated approach from the block co ordinators. While evaluating MACT support group it was found that the services were made on demand and the need for expanding the business was found for more profitablity MAJOR FINDINGS Major findings on revitalization of organic cut vegetable unit • A survey was conducted among 50 farmers in Aruvikkara panchayath to under from the field survey it is found that 90% of the farmers were marginal farmers. Farmers were having less land for cultivation. • 30 farmers having vegetable cultivation were identified and found that all are interested in supplying vegetables to kudumbashree • 5% of the farmers have terrace farming. Majority of the farmers were following organic farming. Mainly using organic fertilizers such as cow dung and neem cake following organic pest control measures. • Only 20% of the farmers were receiving subsidy/grants from government agencies/departments. 45 • Farmers are aware about the insurance but none of the farmers have not insured their crops. Majority of the farmers were facing irrigation problem. 2. Major findings on Performance evaluation of block co ordinators of MKSP Project • Only 2 BCs have increased more than 100% of the number of JLGs after their joining. Others have increased the number of JLGs around 50% after their joining. • Majority of the BCs have not achieved their target for the time period given. Only 20% have achieved their target. • The block coordinators were very keen in conducting training programmes. Half of them are undertaking field visit according to their programme schedule others as and when required. • Half of the co ordinators have mechanized all their FFCs in their block. Another half of the co orinators need to complete their mechanization. • Major programmes undertaken were karmasenas, conducting various training programmes for development of value added products. • lntiation of various other programmes such as terrace farming, fodder cultivation, integrated farming etc • There are many problems faced by the block co ordinates one of them is that lease land is found to be declining. So it is difficult for the co ordinators for identification of new lease land. • Secondly the area and production incentives are not provided to JLG from the mission . It is affecting further expansion of JLGs. 46 Major findings of the field study on MACT terrace farming support group • The MACT begin its functioning by planting gunny bag units at 10 different households in Thiruvanathapuram district. • From the field visit conducted it was found that the after care services of the MACT support group was found to be satisfactory. • Still some issues were found. Drip irrigation system was not functioning in two houses. • The households were shown keen interest to expand their unit. Problems and suggestions for Organic cut vegetable unit Problems • The product was not organic. The vegetables were purchased from chala market and was soaked with tamarind extract and sold it as organic vegetables. • The unit was a sudden movement from the part of district mission without analyzing proper demand for the product. • There was no planning and didn't had any marketing strategy. The strategy was sell like a distribution agent and was not assessing the demand. Suggestions • The unit can be revamped by two factors ensure proper market for the cut vegetable unit and ensure regular supply of the product. From the study of vegetable cultivating farmers, the farmers have shown interest in supplying to the kudumbashree. • It is also found from the study that the vegetable cultivation is found to be purely organic and by regularly collecting the vegetables from the farmers the supply can be ensured. The mission can provide a vehicle so that the vegetables can be collected from the farmers. • The product can be sold out directly to employees in their office or can have a home delivery system to reach to the customers and can have partnership with major vegetable dealers and super market, big bazzar etc 47 ANNEXURE Mahila Kisaan Sashakthikaran Pariyojana-BLOCK COORDINATORS Name Designation Contact address Phone Name of the block List out the village panchayaths coming under the block division area District division .. 1) JLG Formatron. and facrhtatron. i) Number of JLGs before your joining ii) Number of JLGs formed after your joining Sl Performance indicator Achievement Grades Grading* No. permitted Percentage increase in number of More than 10 JLGs 100% 50-100% 5 25-50% 4 10-25% 3 5-10% 1 2 Number of area and production 1 incentive forms filled Grading scale 2. Achievement number x 1 2) Agriculture Area target achieved Crop Target Achieved Achievement % Marks achieved Paddy Banana Vegetables Tubers Others Grading scale : Achievement % 100% 75-50% 50-25% Below 25% Grade 5 3 2 1 3) Training programmes organized/conducted 51. Performance indicator Performance Grade Grade No. variables obtained 1 No. of training/capacity building More than 25 5 programmes attended 10-25 3 5-10 2 Below 5 1 Nil 0 2 Average no. of members attended per More than 50 5 training 25-50 3 Below 25 2 4) Field visit undertaken during the year 51. Key Performance Performance variables Grades Grades No Indicators _l!ermitted obtained 1 Regularity of Asper tour schedule submitted 5 conducting field Daily 4 visits as and when required 2 No schedule 1 5) Mechanization of FFC 51 Performance indicator Achievement % Grade Grade No obtained 1 Mechanization of FFC under 100% 5 your block 50-100% 3 25-50% 2 Below 25% 1 6) Paticipation/attendance 51. Key Performance Indicators Performance Grades Grades No variables permitt obtained ed 1 Attendance in monthly review 100% 5 meeting More than 75% 3 50-75% 2 Less than 50% 1 2 Attendance in weekly attached CDS 100% 5 More than 75% 3 50-75% 2 Less than 50% 1 3 Attendance in FFC meeting 100% 5 More than 75% 3 50-75% 2 Less than 50% 1 7) Self appraisal of quality and skills 51. Skills/areas Scale of measurement No 1 Management ExcellentO VeryOod [pood 0 Low Overy low 2 Agriculture ExcellentO VeryOod []3ood 0 Low Overy low expertise 3 Training skills ExcellentQ verQod 0Good0 Low Overy low 4 Co operative ExcellentO VeryOod (Yood D Low Oery low mentality 5 Innovative ExcellentD VeryOod [pood D Low Oerylow thinking Grading Scale : Excellent- 5 Very good- 4 Good- 3 Low-2 Very low -1 8)Activity assistance for CDS and FFC 51. No Parameters Yes No 1 Assist in bank linkage 2 Do you prepare activity calendar of FFC 3 Facilitating FFC meeting 4 Do you assist in Master Farmer Review 5 Initiate activities for market access 9) Adoption of innovative agriculture techniques/programmes undertaken during the year and future plan Sl. Key Performance Indicators Performance Grades Grades No variables permitted obtained Innovative agriculture More than 10 5 programmes implemented/ adopted More than 5 3 Below 5 2 Nil 0 Programmes in progress/in More than 10 5 focus More than 5 3 Below 5 2 Nil 0 Sl. No. Details of the Details of the programmes Future plans/ Plan for programmes in progress/in focus the next year implemented during the year . .. Enumerate your top 5 pnont1es of your JOb Problems in front BLOCK CO ORDINATOR DISTRICT CONSULTANT Name of the JLG group/farmer : Name of JLG members 1. Cropping pattern Freehold Leasehold Crop Area( cents) No of Area( cents) No of trees/plants trees/plants Paddy Coconut Areca nut Rubber Nutmeg Pepper Vegetables() Banana Others( Specify) 2. Cost of cultivation and Income from Agriculture .. Crop Cost of cultivation Income from Agriculture Materials Labour* Total Annual Agricultur Agriculture Net Income = *1 2 Production Output e Gross Gross Income [Revenue) and (Rs.) (Quantity} Income ( Rs.) ( Rs.) marketing -(Cost of Production+ (Rs.) ( Rs.) Marketing cost) ( Rs. ) .. lddy 1conut -- pper 1nana ~etable 1lses I her j ...... 1. * planting materials, fertilizers, pest1c1des, 1mgat1on charges, weed1c1des, etc . 2. *man days 3. Current market dealers/tie ups\ Sl Market Mode of transportation Mode of transaction No dealers Own vehicle Public Cash credit transport .. Fert11Izer application and pest management Sl Crop Fertilizer and Pest management No dosage practices .. Access to subs1d1es or grants from Development Apartments /Agencies for agriculture 1. Have you received any grant/subsidy from development departments or agencies in the past 5 years for agriculture? Yes/ No 2. If yes, give details Nature/Type of Purpose Amount( Year Institution/ Grant for Grant/Subsidy* Rs.) Agency construction of cattle Providing shed . .. *Fertilisers. pesticides, weedicides at subs1d1s1ded rate or free Drought relief fund, Flood relief fund, loan, subsidy for fodder cultivation, etc. Willingnes·s to supply to kudumbashree Quantity which can be supplied to kudumbashree CURRICULUM VITAE The author of this report Mr. Sagar S S S/o Mr. 8. Surothaman was born on 20th August 1989 at Thiruvananthapuram district in Kerala. He has completed his primary & high school from Kerala Board & secondary education from Kerala Board at Neyyattinkara Boys H.S.School, Thiruvananthapuram, Kearla. He has secured 92o/o marks in higher secondary examination. He joined for Bsc.(hons.) Co-operation & Banking from College of Co-operation Banking and Manangement, Kerala Agriculture University, Thrissurl Kerala in 2008 & pass out in 2012 with securing 72.3°/o i.e. 7.23 O.G.P.A. Subsequently, he joined JawaharlaJ Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya (M.P.) in the year 2013 for M.B.A. (Agri.). Presently he has submitted his project report in june 2015, during his course work in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of M.B.A (Agri.).