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The Global Displacement Landscape

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The Global Displacement Landscape 4 PART 1 THE GLOBAL DISPLACEMENT LANDSCAPE A view of the IDP settlement in Badghis, Afghanistan. There are thousands of makeshift homes spread between mountain hills on the outskirts of Qala-i-naw city. Photo: NRC/Enayatullah Azad, November 2018 GRID 2019 5 INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT IN 2018: PART 1 NEW DISPLACEMENTS There were 28 million new displacements associated and the need for a more nuanced understanding of with disasters and conflict recorded in 2018 across 148 its drivers and impacts are discussed throughout the countries and territories Nine out of the ten worst- report affected countries accounted for more than a million new displacements each Several countries such as Robust information on all of these dimensions is needed Ethiopia, Nigeria and Afghanistan, were affected to form an evidence base for the decisions and actions by displacement associated with both conflict and disas- of policymakers, planners and responders working to Dem. Rep. Congo ters Many people who fled disasters in countries such provide durable solutions to IDPs and reduce the risk as Syria, Somalia, Iraq and Yemen, had already been of future displacement displaced by conflict New displacements in millions Syria These are the best estimates of a complex and dynamic 5 global phenomenon that manifests in significantly different ways across countries and situations The severity and duration of displacement are not captured, Philippines 4 China Figure 3: Highest number of new displacements in 2018 (50 countries and territories) United States Ethiopia Dominican Republic 3 Guatemala Malawi Nigeria India Benin 100,000 Tanzania 50,000 2 0 Somalia Paraguay Dem. Rep. Congo Mexico Syria Venezuela 1 Indonesia Mozambique United States 0.5 Nigeria Cambodia Somalia Afghanistan Malaysia Indonesia Afghanistan Burundi Central African Republic Central African Republic Cameroon Kenya Rwanda Myanmar Cameroon South Sudan Yemen Burkina Faso El Salvador Kenya Iraq Colombia Cuba Uganda Sudan Japan Mali Viet Nam Myanmar Papua New Guinea South Sudan Ghana Yemen Libya El Salvador Iran Conflict andIraq Disasters Dem. People’s Rep. Korea violence 0 Colombia 50,000 UgandaTotal new Total new 100,000 displacements: displacements: Madagascar Sudan Brazil Japan 10.8 million 17.2 million Bangladesh Niger Mali Viet Nam Sri Lanka 915,000 6 186,000 Figure 4: New displacements in 2018: Breakdown for conflict, violence and disasters Earthquakes Volcanic eruptions 28,000 1.1m Dry mass 28m movement Total new Geophysical 10.8m 1,000 Total new displacements 17.2m displacements Total new Mass movement (conflict) in 2018 displacements 438,000 4.9m (disasters) Armed Other conflict* 16.1m Weather 24,000 5.4m 255,000252,000 related Floods NEW DISPLACEMENT BY Extreme temperatures Violence 995,000 CONFLICT, VIOLENCE AND (criminal)* 165,000 4.2m DISASTERS Landslides Sixty-one per cent of the new displacements recorded 424,000 Violence in 2018, or 17 2 million, were triggered by disasters, Violence 9.3m (political)* 1.4m (communal)* and 39 per cent, or 10 8 million, by conflict Displace- 764,000765,000 Storms ment associated with communal violence increased Wildfires * For defintions see Glossary p.105 considerably compared with 2017 Criminal violence also Other storms continued to trigger displacement but numbers should be considered underestimates Droughts NEW The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), DISPLACEMENTS Syria, Somalia, Central African Republic (CAR) and 7.9m (DISASTERS) Afghanistan were again among the countries with Cyclones, 3.8m 3.8m NEW the highest number of new displacements associated hurricanes, DISPLACEMENTS with conflict New waves of conflict and violence trig- typhoons (CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE) gered displacement in Nigeria and Cameroon, that 2.9m were among the ten worst-affected countries globally 2.7m Ethiopia had the highest figure, with 2 9 million new displacements, a considerable increase that influenced global trends 1.8m 1.6m Almost 1,600 disaster events triggered new displace- ments during the year, most of them associated with 1.2m weather-related hazards Storms, particularly tropical 853,000 578,000 613,000 541,000 510,000 547,000 459,000 372,000 435,000 321,000 252,000 298,000 336,000 Ethiopia DRC Syria Somalia Nigeria CAR Cameroon Afghanistan South Yemen Myanmar Kenya Afghanistan Somalia Nigeria Indonesia United India China Philippines Sudan States GRID Figure 5: Ten countries with most new displacements associated with conflict and violence in 2018 2019 915,000 7 186,000 PART 1 Earthquakes Volcanic eruptions 28,000 1.1m Dry mass 28m movement Total new Geophysical 10.8m 1,000 Total new displacements 17.2m displacements Total new Mass movement (conflict) in 2018 displacements 438,000 4.9m (disasters) Armed Other conflict* 16.1m Weather 24,000 5.4m 252,000255,000 related Floods Extreme temperatures Violence 995,000 (criminal)* 165,000 4.2m Landslides Violence 424,000 Violence 9.3m (political)* 1.4m (communal)* 764,000765,000 Storms Wildfires * For defintions see Glossary p.105 Other storms Droughts cyclones, accounted for the majority, a reminder of the NEW importance of reducing the risks associated with vulner- DISPLACEMENTS ability and exposure to climate change Geophysical 7.9m (DISASTERS) events including earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic Cyclones, 3.8m 3.8m NEW eruptions triggered 1 1 million new displacements, a hurricanes, DISPLACEMENTS considerable increase compared with 2017 typhoons (CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE) 2.9m The Philippines, China and India between them 2.7m accounted for about 60 per cent of all new displace- ments associated with disasters Many were pre- emptive evacuations of people living in high-risk areas, 1.8m highlighting the unmitigated exposure of people and 1.6m assets Vulnerability also played a key role in preventing people from returning and recovering from the impacts 1.2m of disasters in many countries 853,000 578,000 613,000 541,000 510,000 547,000 459,000 372,000 435,000 321,000 252,000 298,000 336,000 Ethiopia DRC Syria Somalia Nigeria CAR Cameroon Afghanistan South Yemen Myanmar Kenya Afghanistan Somalia Nigeria Indonesia United India China Philippines Sudan States Figure 6: Ten countries with most new displacements associated with disasters in 2018 8 REGIONAL OVERVIEWS Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East were dispro- and vulnerability to hazards Sub-Saharan Africa and portionally affected by displacement associated with the Americas were relatively lightly affected, but floods conflict in 2018, and new waves were also recorded in and storms still triggered millions of new displacements South Asia Figures for the Americas mirrored those of This section presents data, contextual analysis and urban previous years Displacement associated with disasters perspectives by region Detailed analysis is presented in mainly affected East Asia and Pacific, and South Asia, the form of country spotlights 9 both regions with high levels of population exposure Conflict and violence: New displacement by region Disasters: New displacement by region GRID 2019 9 SuB-SAHARAN AFRICA PART 1 5 COUNTRIES WITH MOST NEW DISPLACEMENT (conflict, violence and disasters) Ethiopia 3,191,000 DRC 1,921,000 Nigeria 1,154,000 Conflict 7,446,000 Disasters 2,611,000 Somalia 1,125,000 36% of the global total CAR 519,300 Sub-Saharan Africa experienced ongoing as well as new intercommunal violence reignited in December 2017, conflict and violence throughout 2018 and in addition, leading to 60 deaths and more than 576,000 new suffered droughts, floods and storms that forced millions displacements What rekindled the conflict is unclear, of people to flee their homes Around 7 4 million new but a national political crisis, the disintegration of state displacements associated with conflict and violence and authority and the increasing activity of politically-moti- 2 6 million associated with disasters were recorded, vated militias may all have been contributing factors 12 more than any other region and accounting for 36 per The western province of Mai-Ndombe also experienced cent of all displacements worldwide Ethiopia, DRC, an outbreak of intercommunal violence between 16 Nigeria, Somalia and CAR were the countries worst and 18 December 2018, when at least 535 people were affected Around 16 5 million people were living in killed in a massacre and around 12,000 people displaced internal displacement in Sub-Saharan Africa as a result from the town of Yumbi 13 of conflict as of the end of the year This figure once again shows that protracted displacement is a signifi- More than three million people were thought to be living cant issue for many countries in internal displacement as of the end of 2018 in DRC, a highly conservative figure that does not capture the Against a backdrop of important and many positive whole country There are hopes that presidential elec- political changes, 2 9 million new displacements asso- tions that took place on 30 December after a two-year ciated with conflict were recorded in Ethiopia, the delay will help to stabilise the political situation 14 highest figure in the world and four times as many as in 2017 Old conflicts became more entrenched and More than 578,000 new displacements associated with new conflicts escalated along various state borders, conflict and violence were recorded in Somalia, the prompting the government to establish a new Ministry highest figure in a decade and the result of three main of Peace in response to the increasing violence (see factors Evictions from urban centres, mainly of IDPs, Ethiopia spotlight, p 14) 10 Disasters
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