Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
The Proceedings of Conference Volume-V
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
September 25, 2015
Organized by:
Biyani Girls College Department of Social Sciences Jaipur, India
ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-7
1 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Copyright 2015
All rights reserved. Copyright of this proceeding belongs to the BICMPL
Reprint Permission: No part of this proceeding may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without the prior written permission of the Editor. Abstracting or indexing of papers in this proceeding is permitted with credit to the source. Instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for educational classroom use. For other forms of copying, reprint, or replication permission, write to the BICON at [email protected], c/o R-4, Sector-3, Vidhyadhar Nagar, Jaipur-302039, Rajasthan (India)
ISBN: 978-93-833462-82-7
Copies of this proceeding are available for purchase. Please contact BICON at [email protected], c/o R- 4, Sector-3, Vidhyadhar Nagar, Jaipur-302039, Rajasthan (India) for ordering information.
Published by Biyani Institute of Commerce & Management Pvt. Ltd. Jaipur (India)
All papers of the present proceeding were peer reviewed by no less than two independent reviewers. Acceptance was granted when both reviewers‘s recommendation were positive.
Editors: Dr. Manish Biyani Dr. Sanjay Biyani Dr. Arti Upadhayay Dr. Meenakshi Thakur
Reviewers: Dr. Varun Maru Ms. Priyanka Yadav Ms. Chandni Tripathi Ms. Nupur Sharma
Designed by: Mr. Nilesh Sharma Mr. Bajrang Lal Sharma
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PREFACE Since the 1st India Japan Bilateral Conference at Biyani Girls College, Jaipur in 2006, the conference has continued to grow and has become gold standard annual event in our institutions for encouraging the spirit of research and innovations and strengthen the bilateral academic relationship between India and Japan. This is the 10th anniversary edition of this event and I have been fortunate to be the Chair of this event. The growth of attendee is gradually increasing and recently it attracted over twenty five hundreds of registrations. Every year, this event receives near 50 invited speakers from both the countries and we continue to evolve, adapt and develop new collaborative programs between various institutions in India and Japan.
This year event, BICON 2015, is specially highlighting one-week long internship exchange course program to invite a group of 15 Japanese students from our partner institutions in Japan. This is an initiation to promote young friendship and to help them experience Indian society and culture through their interaction with Indian students. All the invited students from Japan will learn about values and strengths of Indian culture through participating in various activities including observing local industries, experiencing traditional cultures, visiting historic sites and special seminars.
BICON 2015 is jointly organized with JAIST (Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) and composed of five annual co-located symposiums; each specialized in specific knowledge areas including (i) Information Technology, (ii) Science and Technology, (iii) Engineering, (iv) Commerce and Management, and (v) Social Science.
BICON-2015 is decided to call for full paper participation with ISBN numbers. The Technical Program Committee is charged with reviewing all abstracts to accommodate the growing number of paper submissions. In a rigorous and time-consuming review process, the committee members worked hard to ensure the continued high quality of accepted papers. In this year‘s conference program, there are 45 invited talks (12 Japan + 33 India) including 10 plenary talks and 35 Technical talks. In addition, 30 contributed and selected young talks (4 Japan + 26 India). Also continuing the trend from the last nine years, the total 500 early bird registration numbers for the 2015 conference were high providing another indicator that the state of the state of the content of the conference is quite strong and robust.
Conferences such as these can only succeed as a team effort. Planning for this conference has occupied several hundreds of hours over six months by many dedicated people. First, I would like to thank the management of organizing committee who trusted me to organize this conference and who contributed significant funds to support this event. Next, I would like to thank the technical program committee and the reviewers for their excellent work in reviewing the papers as well as their invaluable input and advice. I want to express my sincere thanks to all the dedicated BICON-Team members for their active role and support in all aspects of this conference from collecting abstracts, assisting in coordination, helping to plan the agenda, recruiting sponsors, assisting in organizing the conference, and on and on. I cannot thank them enough for their constant support and dedication so I proud to call them as BICON-Team, one of the brilliant and amazing team. I want to thank to all the conveners of each symposia: Dr Poonam Sharma (IT), Dr. Priyanka Dadupanthi (Sci), Er. Komal Mehna (Eng), Ms Varsha Sharma (Commerce Management) and Dr Meenakshi Thakur (Social Sci) and chief designer Mr. Nilesh Sharma and team for editing the conference proceeding in the last running moments and beautifully designing the brochure and other materials.
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Finally, I want to express my sincere thanks to all the invited speakers, offline and online, come from the four corners of India and Japan for kindly arranging their time to participate in this conference. It has been a great pleasure to interact with them and receiving their interest to develop collaboration in the future. It‘s going to be the best meeting yet.
The venue of this conference is located in pink city Jaipur and we have tried to promote a sense of the local culture and North-Indian cuisine to the attendees during this conference. We hope, that this conference is intellectually stimulating, enjoyable, and memorable for all the attendees and professionally satisfying them at the historical, cultural and pink-city Jaipur.
With warmest regards,
Manish Biyani Hiroyuki Iida Organizing Chair, BICON2015 Organizing Co-Chair, BICON2015 www.biyaniconference.com
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MkW- g"kZo/kZu foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh ,oa i`Foh foKku ea=h Dr. Harshvardhan Hkkjr ljdkj ubZ fnYyh & 110001 MINISTER OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AND EARTH SCIENCES GOVERNMENT OF INDIA NEW DELHI - 110001
Hon'ble Minister has conveyed his best wishes to the Organizers and Participants of this event.
With regards,
Yours sincerely,
D.N. SINGH (On behalf of Dr. HarshVardhan)
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Message from JAIST President To The 10th India-Japan Bilateral Conference
Distinguished guests and speakers from various institutions of Indian and Japan, honorable organizers, students, ladies and gentleman, I am Tetsuo Asano, President of Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in Japan. I consider it a special privilege to be invited to deliver this message.
―First and foremost I would like to congratulate Biyani Group of Colleges on the continuance of their India- Japan Bilateral Conference to the 10th year. I am very pleased that this time our Institute JAIST, has also been involved in organizing this bilateral academic event.
JAIST was first established in 1990 as the first graduate institute without an undergraduate division in Japan, specializing in education and research on Advanced Science and Technology. Since then, JAIST has continuously been dealing with newly emerging problems caused by the rapidly changing society in terms of science and technology.
JAIST has carried out many world-class research facilities and equipment such as the cutting edge IT technologies. Now, as you may know, India is considered one of the most important partners of Japan & our institute. The recent visit of Indian Prime Minister Modi to Japan has set a new stage for co-operation between India and Japan for prosperity and growth. However, JAIST's relationship with India dates back to 2010 when we accepted the first batch of Indian graduate students.
I am very happy to mention that at present JAIST holds the most number of Indian students of all the Japanese Universities. Currently there are around 50 Indian students enrolled in the Master and Doctoral Programs and 3 Indian full time faculty members. Fortunately, JAIST got a fund from our government last year to promote the relationship between JAIST and India. These wonderful outcomes surely promise possiblity of further development of our close and brilliant relationship. I am grateful to all the people involved in these academic collaborations. Today, Asian region is moving towards the formation of a huge potential market together, but it should also be a truly innovative time through collaborations among Asian researchers in the field of Science and Technology. I believe that India and Japan could make a great contribution to the advancement of science and technology, lending their proper and efficient co-operation both scientifically and politically.
I strongly believe with its great merits and significant values, this conference will further promote a promising future of the Biyani Group and all the participating organizations and people including those from Japan. I hope all the sessions all this conference will produce fruitful outcomes through positive contributions by the delegates from both the countries. In closing this message, I'd like to thank all of the people who have organized and supported this conference. I wish the Biyani Conference a great success in establishing a variety of long term collaborations between India and Japan.
Tetsuo Asano President JAIST, Japan
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Message from Dean-Saitama University To The 10th India-Japan Bilateral Conference
Esteemed Honorable guests, invited speakers from various institutions in India and Japan, all members of family of Biyani Team, ladies and gentlemen, this is Dr. Takafumi Sakai and I am dean of Graduate school of science and engineering in Saitama University in Japan. I consider it to be a special privilege to deliver this message. I congratulate Biyani Group of Colleges on the continuation of their India Japan Bilateral Conference. I am very happy to know that Saitama University actively participated in each series since the beginning of this India Japan Bilateral event since 2006. Over 50 professors and many students from Saitama University have already visited Biyani College and participated in series of this India Japan Bilateral event in Jaipur city.
In this year 4 students will attend this meeting and also India-Japan Internship Programme. I appreciate your kind acceptance of our students. I am very happy to know that 50 students from Biyani Girls College have already visited our campus for various research training courses in Saitama University. Presently, total 5 students from Biyani Girls College are pursuing their Doctorate course in Saitama University. These activities could step forward our brilliant relationship. It is my great pleasure to see the bright future headed by Biyani Team and catalyzed by this India-Japan Bilateral Conference which will surely provide a great platform to Japanese Professors also. I hope the sessions this symposium will be fruitfully completed and delegated from both the countries and contribute to it.
At the end of this message, I will extend my thanks to all the people running and supporting this conference. I wish Biyani Conference keeps contributing to long term collaboration between India and Japan at various levels.
Thank you very much!
Takafumi Sakai Dean Graduate School of Science & Engineering Saitama University, Japan
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Message from Dean Shin-ichi Matsumoto To The 10th India-Japan Bilateral Conference
It‘s an honor to have a chance to give my greetings to esteemed guests, invited speakers from India and Japan, and all members of the Biyani Group, related to the 10th conference.
I‘m the dean of Faculty of Systems Science and Technology of Akita Prefectural University. And I‘m a researcher studying on building energy conservation techniques and manners of buildings‘ occupants.
I really feel that it‘s my honor to join such a well-established bilateral program between India and Japan. Because of my research background, I consider that Asian nations must be one of important keys to solve the global problems such as the global warming. I mean that Asian intelligence may be helpful to build up sustainable world. May be, the most important nations are India and China because they both have great number of people who are economically developing year by year like past Japanese people. Japan has learnt many global environmental problems and found some good solutions for them. We should share the problems and the solutions. I expect that this conference will be fruitful not only for international knowledge exchange but for common understanding on our sustainable future.
By the way, I had taught about sustainable architectures for 30 years over. I had many foreign students from China, India and the other Asian countries. I often told them that studying abroad was very good for growing wide viewpoints. This sense was basically come from my short-term study experience in Minneapolis during my graduate student days long years ago. That time I learnt what was comfort or what was important in built environment. You know, I was doubtful whether American life style was generally sustainable or not. This was a major motivation to keep my research on sustainable building environment. As you know, there is a saying ―Seeing is believing‖. I also expect that this conference will be helpful to know each other and yourself more and more.
In this opportunity, I would like to give my deep thanks to Biyani University and to whom it might concern for accepting our short-term stay program in Biyani University last year. After the program, several students joined for the program told me that they could get something new viewpoints to the global world. Thank you again. This fiscal year, we have a plan to accept your university student with nice educational programs.
Finally, I wish this Biyani conference would be successful in sustainable collaborations among India, Japan and the world.
Thank you for your attention.
Shin-ichi Matsumoto Dean
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FROM THE CONVENER DESK
It has been our privilege to welcome all the delegates of 10th International Conference (BICON-15) on ―Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resources and Management Skills‖ held on Sept. 25th 2015 at Biyani Girls College, Jaipur (India). In the view of increasing development and technological advancements across the globe, the development of Social Sciences found it apt to study the impact of public administration on the development of sustainable resource management skills. With an aim to promote better understanding of administrative skills and management of human resources in a sustainable way Dept. of Social Sciences is organizing the 10h Indo- Japan Bilateral conference, BICON-15 on the topic ―Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resources and Management Skills.”
We are happy to note that delegates from Asian countries, especially Japan, who participated in the conference, provided an opportunity for all delegates to discuss & share their views on different facets of administrative skills and media. The researchers & students from various renowned institutions and universities such as JAIST University, Akita Prefectural University in Japan and renowned institutions of India have been benefited to the event with their knowledge by their interactions for future collaboration. Our sincere gratitude goes to all the delegates for giving their precious time & sharing their knowledge and their wisdom.
The organization of this International Conference at Biyani Girls College, Jaipur could not have been possible without assiduous support of faculty members of the college on one hand and on the other non -teaching staff/students of the college. We are also thankful to all those who have directly or indirectly helped us in organizing the conference. It is an outcome of the hard work and persistent efforts of all our colleagues. The patronage extended from the management too has played a very important role in organizing the programme.
Our heartfelt thanks to everyone who has contributed to the grand success of this great event.
Dr. Arti Upadhyay Dr. Meenakshi Thakur (Dept. of Social Science) (Dept. of Social Science) Convener Co-Convener
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CORE COMMITTEE
Sh. Rajeev Biyani (Chairman) Prof. Sanjay Biyani (Director-Acad.) Prof. Manish Biyani (Director-R&D) Prof. Neeta Maheshwari (Principal, BGC) Ms. Sujata Biyani (Asst. Director) Ms. Priyanka Biyani (Asst. Director) Dr. Madhu Biyani (Asst. Director) Prof. B.D. Rawat (Dean) Ms. Anjali Naruka (Vice-Principal) Prof. P.C. Jangir (Vice-Principal, BGC) Ms. Renu Tandon (Manager-HR)
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Dr. Arti Upadhyay Mr. Amit Verma Mr. Bajrang Lal Sharma Ms. Chandni Tripathi Mr. Dharmendra Kumar Verma Ms. Deepika Mehrotra Mr. Hansraj Ms. Komal Sharma Ms. Mamta Choudhary Dr. Meenakshi Thakur Mr. Mohd. Shakil Mr. Naresh Meena Mr. Nikhil Chaturvedi Mr. Nilesh Sharma Ms. Nupur Sharma Ms. Priyanka Chaturvedi Ms. Priyanka Yadav Mr. Rajendra Singh Shekhawat Mr. Rajesh Kumar Yadav Ms. Swati Charan Ms. Vandana Naruka Dr. Varun Maru Mr. Vinod Vyas Ms. Vishakha Shekhawat Biyani Students‘ Council
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PROGRAME AT A GLANCE
08:00-9:00 Registration Opening Session 09:00-09:05 Lighting of the Lamp 09:05-09:10 BGC Anthem 09:10-09:15 Welcome Address by Prof. Manish Biyani, Chair, BICON-15 09:15-09:20 Address by Chief Guest & Guest of Honor 09:20-09:25 Inauguration Address and glimpses of the day by Convener Plenary Session 09:30-10:00 Plenary Session 1 : Dr. Mahendra Singh Surana (IAS, Retd.) 10:00-10:30 Plenary Session 2 : Mr. Niraj. K. Pawan, IAS 10:30-11:00 Refreshment Technical Session-1 : Sustainable Resource Management (Chair: Prof. B.K. Jain) Invited Lecture 1 : Mr. P.M. Bhardwaj (Founder President of Bhardwaj Foundation, 11:00-11:30 Jaipur) Invited Lecture 2 : Dr. Anand Singh ( Dean, School of Buddhist Studies & Civilization, 11:30-12:00 Noida)
Oral Presentation by Dr. S. Kandasamy 12:00-12:30 Oral Presentation by Dr. Meenakshi Thakur
12:30-13:30 Lunch Break Technical Session-2: Importance of Administrative Skills in Public Organizations (Chair: Dr. Meenakshi Thakur) Invited Lecture 3 : Mr. B.S.Gill, CRAS (Managing Director, Ganganagar Co-operative 13:30-14:00 Bank) 14:00-14:30 Invited Lecture 4 : Dr. Vikas Nautiyal (Head, Centre for Research & Pub. RPA, Jaipur) Oral Presentation by Ms. Anju Pandey & Vinod Kumar Saroj 14:30-15:00 Oral Presentation by Dr. Himani Agarwal & Ms. Sarita Sanwal Oral Presentation by Dr. Varun Maru 15:00-15:30 Refreshment Technical Session-3: Role of Media in Policy Making (Chair: Prof. Manoj Lodha) 15:30-16:00 Invited Lecture 5 : Prof. Sanjeev Bhanawat, (Director CMC, University of Rajasthan) 16:00-16:30 Invited Lecture 6 : Prof. Narayan Bareth (Prof. & HOD, HJUJ, India) Oral Presentation by Ms. Aparna Ajith 16:30-17:00 Oral Presentation by Ms. Smiti Padhi Industrial Talk Session 17:00-17:15 Industrial Talk 1 : Mr. D.D.Maheshwari, (Sr. Branch Manager, NSIC) 17:15-17:30 Industrial Talk 2 : Dr. Gajendra Singh, (Asst. Agril. Marketing Advisor) 17:30-18:00 Panel Discussion 18:00-18:15 Vote of Thanks by Convener
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PLENARY LECTURE PL 1. Role of Administration Mahendra Singh Surana 21 PL 2. Public Administration & Human Resources Niraj K. Pawan 22 PL 3. Public Administration Ramesh K. Arora 23 INVITED LECTURE IL 1. Sustainable Resource Management Sanjay Biyani 24 IL 2. Growth, Sustainability and Environmental Deterioration : Imagining Pragmatism & Contradiction Anand Singh 25-26 IL 3. Administrative Skills in Financial Organizations B.S.Gill 27 IL 4. Administrative Skills in Police Vikash Nautiyal 28-29 IL 5. Media and Policy Making Naryan Bareth 30-32 IL 6. Role of Media in Policy Making Sanjeev Bhanawat 33-34 IL 7. Media Plays of Catalyst in Policy Making Manoj Kumar Lodha 35-37 INDUSTRIAL TALK IT 1. Small Scale Industry and Role of Government Mr. D.D. Maheshwari 38 IT 2. Career Avenues for Youth Dr. Gajendra Singh 39 ORAL PRESENTATION OP 1. Implementation of UN Millennium Development Goals on Education in India S. Kandasamy 40-46 OP 2. Role of Communication Skills in Developing Sustainable Resource Management Skills Meenakashi Thakur 47-53 OP 3. Decentralisation and Accountability as an Agenda of Modern Public Administration Anju Pandey and Vinod Kumar Saroj 54-56 OP 4. Role of Mental Health Status of Adolescents in School Management Himani Agarwal and Sarita Sanwal 57-59 OP 5. Human Relations in Public Adminstration Varun Maru 60-63 OP 6. The Role of Media in Policy Making Aparna Ajith 64-67
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OP 7. Role of Media in Policy Making Smiti Padhi 68-69
CONTRIBUTED PAPERS CP 1. Sustainable Development and Role of Education Vijay Pancharia and Arti Upadhyay 70-72 CP 2. Good Governance and Public Opinion: Roleof Media Nitesh Saraswat and Rinu Saraswat 73-76 CP 3. Managing the HR Function in Public Administration Dharmendra Kumar Verma and Darshana 77-79 CP 4. Role of Public Administration in the Development of a Country Inderjeet Singh 80-81 CP 5. Geographical Resources and Environment Rajesh Yadav 82-83 CP 6. Study of Marble Industries in Kishangarh and Soil Pollution by Marble Slurry Sarina Kalia and Inderajeet Ratawal 84-86 CP 7. Initiatives for Sustainable Resource Management to Good Governanace and its Impact on Living Standard of Human Beings Sweta Kumari 87-90 CP 8 Role of Media in Policy Making Amit Verma 91-92 CP 9 Examining Parent Child Relationship of Adolescents Boys with Specific Reference to School Administration at Jaipur City; Rajasthan (India) Karuna Sharma and Dr. Shubha Dube 93-96
ABSTRACT A1. Effect of Globalization on Indian Culture Priya Singh 97 A2. Socio-Cultural Factors and Human Resource Acharya Renu 97-98 A3. Communication Policy and Social Development Arti Sharma 98 A4. Role of Public Administration in the Modern State Anuradha Ghatak and Kavita Mittal 98-99 A5. Human Resource Management in Public Administration Dibya Rai and Kavita Mittal 99-100 A6 Managing the HR Function in Public Administration Diksha Bhartiya 100 A7 Positive Social Transformation through Media Nisha Yadav 100-101 A8 Human Resources and their Development through Education Karuna Agrawal and Vandana Goswami 101-102 A9 Importance of Administrative Skills in Public Organizations Swati Charan 102 A10 Management & Development of Natural Vegetation Ankita Gupta 103
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A11 Human Resource Development Divya Vishnoi 103-104 A12 Conservation and Management of Resources Praveen Meena 104 A13 Sustainable Resource Management Sheelu 104-105 A14 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is a Key of Rural Development Jai Narayan Gurjar and Kalapan Depan 105 A15 The Impact of Information Technology on the HR and Competencies Learning and Understanding. Neha Singh 106 A16 Human Resource Development/Training Policy Sunderpal Singh and Lalchand Saini 106-107
AUTHOR INDEX 108
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Plenary Session 1 Role of Administration
Mahendra Singh Surana
Affiliation & Contact I.A.S. (Retd.) Tel: 0141-2525050 Mobile: 09829052101 E-mail: [email protected]
Qualification B.sc (Biology), M.B.A. (Human Resource) and LL.M. (Personal Laws) with Ph.D. in Law (Principles of Natural Justice), PG Diploma holder in Labour Laws, Labour Welfare and Personnel Management.
Post Headed & Achievements Retd. IAS Officer President, Jodhpur University, Student's Union Vice-Chancellor, Jodhpur National University Prof. at RA Poddar Institute of Management Secretary to Govt. & Head of various Govt. Departments, M.D. of many Corporations Collector & District Magistrate Anchor for "Prashonattari" on Doordarshan, Jaipur Approved Folk Singer A noted sports person Member of various Sports, Social, Literary, Educational and Cultural Organizations.
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Plenary Session 2
Public Administration & Human Resources
Niraj K. Pawan
Affiliation & Contact IAS & Additional Mission Director, National Health Mission, Government of Rajasthan Phone: 9414202207
Education &Professional Career: B.Sc. Zoology, Botany, Psychology, M.Sc. Clinical Psychology PhD Administrative Efficiency in Civil Servants
Post Headed 2014-Till Date : Additional Mission Director, National Health Mission & Director (Iec) & Joint Secy. to Govt., Medical & Health Dept. Jaipur 2013 : Collector & District Magistrate, Bharatpur 19/02/2013-14/06/2013 : Managing Director, Rajasthan State Food & Civil Supplies Corporation, Jaipur 2012-2013 : Commissioner, Rajasthan Housing Board, Jaipur 2010-2012 : Collector & District Magistrate, Pali 2009-2010 : Collector & District Magistrate, Karauli 2007-2009 : Collector & District Magistrate, Dungarpur
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Plenary Session 3 Public Administration
Ramesh K. Arora Affiliation & Contact Chairman, MDA, Jaipur Senior Fellow at HCM, Rajasthan State Institute of Public Administration
Education Ph.D. in Political Science Fullbright Scholar from U.S.A. Senior Fulbright Fellow at the Maxwell School, Syracuse, New York
Publications A Paul Appleby Awardee, Popular Books : - 1. Time Management for Happiness and Success 2. Winning Personality 3. Fine Art of Human Behaviour 4. Art of Happiness.
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Invited Lecture 1 Sustainable Resource Management
Sanjay Biyani
Affiliation & Contact R-4, Sector-3, Vidhyadhar Nagar Jaipur -302023 Raj. (India) Mobile: 9351127400 Phone No. : 0141-2338371, 2338591-95 Fax: 0141-2338007 E-mail: [email protected] Website: sanjaybiyani.com
Educational Qualification Ph.D., M.Com. FCA
Experience . Nominated as research supervisor by Rajasthan Technical University, Kota for degree of Doctor of philosophy . Recognized as a Life member of ―All India Vaish Federation‖2013 . Founder member of Biyani Group of Colleges (BGC). . Presently, Director (Academics) of Biyani Girls group of Colleges, Jaipur. . Shared innovative ideas and rich experience of establishment of Management Systems and Internal upgradation & Controls in educational Institutions almost all over India . Exertion at Japan to make acquainted with the education system and for research at Tokyo and Saitama University, Japan.
Professional Excellence A bold leader with tremendous influencing ability. Excellent interpersonal and personal management skills. Keep the students motivated by applying multifaceted instructional approaches. Develop and implement innovative strategies to meet the needs of students, teachers and the institution. Offer new paradigms of constructive thinking about the extra ordinary world. Implemented improved student orientation processes. Provide career counseling, monitor student satisfaction/retention and enforce the institution‘s academic standards of progress.
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Invited Lecture 2 Growth, Sustainability and Environmental Deterioration: Imagining Pragmatism & Contradiction
Anand Singh
Affiliation & Contact Dean, School of Buddhist Studies & Civilization Gautam Buddha University Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar India-201310 Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Position Held Dean, School of Buddhist Studies & Civilization Dean Student Affairs, Gautam Buddha University
Honors & Awards • Visiting Professor to ICCR's Chair of Buddhist & Sanskrit Studies at Preah Sihanuk Raja Buddhist University, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (2014). • Dr. I. G. Khan National prize winner for best paper ―Ecological Consciousness in Buddhist Theism: An Anthropocentric-Teleological Issues" in Indian History Congress, 2010 • Dr. I.G. Khan National prize winner for the best paper ―Settlement Pattern and Socio-Economic Formation in Early Varanasi‖ in Indian History Congress, 2008. • Junior Research Fellowship & Senior Research Fellowship, University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India 1995-2000.
Research Project Major Research project sponsored by University Grants Commission, New Delhi, entitled ―Ancient Buildings of Varanasi (Banaras) and their Tourism Potential‖. (Report Submitted & Published). • SAARC Cultural Centre Research Grant, 2013 for project ―Buddhist Traditional Ethics: A Source of Biodiversity (Examining the Cases amongst Buddhist Communities of Nepal & Leh-Ladakh & North- Eastern Region of India‖ (Report Submitted).
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Abstract
Growth, Sustainability and Environmental Deterioration: Imagining Pragmatism & Contradiction
Anand Singh Dean, School of Buddhist Studies & Civilization, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, India
Renaissance added multifaceted transformation in socio-economic structure, life pattern, and polity of the world. Industrialization and consequent economic development prospered western world and exposed eastern nations to their economic imperialism, which has many faces viz. Colonialism, and Globalization. With the emergence of new world order, there is widespread debate all over world that there is any correlation and coexistence in contemporary economics, growth, and Nature. Scholars, theologians, and world leaders started pondering that ‗Market Economy‘ is replacing socio-ethical norms and sustainable life structure of contemporary societies. Many scholars suggest that ‗Market‘ is a new religion which attracted millions of people without any preaching. But some scholars say that economic development is the main thrust of human growth and criticism of multinationals and globalized economy will prelude to decline of the world order. The paper will explore debates over these issues with special reference to sustainability and environmentalism.
Keywords: Globalization, Market Economy, Correlation, Sustainability.
26 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Invited Lecture 3
Importance of Administrative Skills in Public Organization
Balvinder Singh Gill
Affiliation & Contact General Manager I.C.D.P., Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan Mob: 9414500513
Qualification M.A. (HISTORY), MBA (Finance) Deputy Registrar on deputation General Manager, Integrated Co-operative Development Project (I.C.D.P.) Sri Gangangar, Rajasthan- 335001, India
Author & Publication Various cooperative magazines like:
Sahakar Gourav Sahakar Samachar and Cooperative Rural Development Agririan and public issues.
Experience Managing Director in Rajasthan, Deputy Registrar and Registrar (Institution) of three districts.
27 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Invited Lecture 4 People Oriented Administrative Skills in Police Organization
Vikas Nautiyal Affiliation & Contact Head, Centre for Research & Publication Rajasthan Police Academy, Jaipur
Education Ph.D. in Contemporary history - University of Lucknow ―Policies of Government of Uttar Pradesh and Uttrakhand‖ (1947-90), 1998
Experience Fifteen years at College Level (UG, PG Classes, including Rajasthan Police Academy Jaipur) Six years experience as Ph. D. Supervisor. (U.O.R. Jaipur, Rajasthan)
Research Activities A registered research supervisor of university of Rajasthan, Jaipur for last six years (having registration number 08 /history/5672.). Research Course Conducted and Coordinated small research Projects at Rajasthan Police Academy Jaipur. Guiding students of M. Phil., Ph.D. and other researchers.
28 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Abstract People Oriented Administrative Skills in Police Organization
Vikash Nautiyal Head, Centre for Research & Publication, Rajasthan Police Academy, Jaipur, India
Police is most important visible arm of a state. Police can deliver an efficient and effective service to the people of a country through some innovative administrative skills. In a democratic and free society Police is facing different challenges to provide quality service to people Community policing is an accepted concept in several developed and developing countries for providing better quality of service. In India also, community policing has been used by police officers to involve citizens in problems handled by the police. By using people friendly administrative skills we can develop a qualitative society in this planet
KEYWORDS: Administrative Skills, Police Organization, Community Policing.
29 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Invited Lecture 5 Role of Media in Policy Making
Narayan Bareth
Affiliation & Contact HOD, Media Studies, Teaching journalism as professor at Haridev Joshi University of Journalism and Mass Communication, Jaipur
Educational Qualification B A, LL .B M A [Pol. Science ]
Experience In Journalism 2005 to 2013 : State correspondent with The Asian Age and Deccan Chronicle 1996 to 2011 : Started work with BBC 1996 BBC s Rajasthan correspondent 2006 : Editorial Consultant with daily Bhaskar 2002 : Principle correspondent with Outlook Hindi magazine 2000 to 2002 : Staff correspondent with The Pioneer reporting from Jaipur 2002: Media CBR Awareness Course organized by BBC in association with Bruhn Newtech [Denmark,UK,US] in New Delhi 1996 : Chief political correspondent with Daily Bhaskar, Jaipur 1985 to 1995 : Senior reporter with Hindi daily Navbharat Times [Kota,Jodhpur and Jaipur ] Articles published in various news papers and magazines
30 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Abstract
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;g igyk ekSdk ugha gS tc Hkkjr esa ehfM;k us uhfr fuekZ.k esa viuh Hkwfedk dk fuokZg fd;k gksA blls igys jktLFkku esa gh lwpuk ds vf/kdkj dks ysdj lkekftd laxBuksa us vkanksyu fd;k vkSj mls ehfM;k us izeq[k LFkku fn;kA bldh ifj.khfr ns'k ds vke vkoke dks lwpuk ds vf/kdkj feyus esa gqbZA ;g Hkkjrh; yksdra= ds fy, cM+h miyfC/k FkhA ehfM;k esa bl eqÌs vkSj vkanksyu dks feys LFkku us ljdkjksa dks lwpuk dk vf/kdkj ykxw djus lac/kh dkuwu cukus ds fy, ck/; fd;kA ns'k esa ujsxk tSlk jkstxkj xkjaVh dkuwu Hkh blh izfØ;k dk fgLlk gSA vxj ikfjHkkf"kd rkSj ij dgsa rks ehfM;k vius le; vkSj lekt dk vkbZuk gksrk gS vkSj jktlÙkk bl vkbZus dks ns[kdj uhfr fuekZ.k djrh gSA jktLFkku esa lrh ,d lfn;ksa iqjkuh lkekftd dqjhfr jgh gSA ysfdu tc efgyk laxBuksa us bl cqjkbZ ds f[kykQ ekspkZ [kksyk rks ;g ,d ns'kO;kih vkanksyu esa rCnhy gks x;k vkSj ehfM;k us bls i;kZIr txg nhA urhtru ljdkj dks lrh fuokj.k dkuwu cukuk iM+kA blh rjg Mk;u izFkk ds fo:) tc v[kckjksa vkSj U;wt pSuYl esa lekpkj izdkf'kr gq, rks jkT;ksa dks vius vius lwcs esa uhfr cukuh iM+hA tura= esa ,sls mnkgj.k Hkh cgqrsjs gSa tc ehfM;k esa fdlh eqÌs dks ysdj [kcjs Nih vkSj U;k;ikfydk us Lor%LQwrZ bldk laKku fy;k vkSj ljdkjksa dks uhfr cukus ds fy, etcwj fd;kA gkyk¡fd ;g laln vkSj fo/kku eaMyksa dk dke gS fd mlds lHkkln fdlh uhfr dkuwu dk fuekZ.k djsA exj vusd ekSdksa ij ehfM;k esa Nih [kcjs vnkyrksa rd igqaph vkSj fQj ljdkj dks dkuwu cukuk iM+kA Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ds vusd ns'kksa esa efgykvksa ij rstkc Qsadus dh ?kVuk,a gksrh jgh gaS] blesa Hkkjr Hkh 'kkfey gSA ,slh ?kVukvksa dh fxurh crkrh gS fd gj lky dksbZ rhu lkS efgykvksa dks rstkc ls et:g 31 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills fd;k tkrk jgk gSA ehfM;k us LVkWi ,flM vVSd vfHk;ku dks txg nh vkSj ns'k dh loksZPp vnkyr us ljdkjksa dks bl ckjs esa fu;e dkuwu cukus dks dgkA blesa pwd ij vnkyr us jkT;ksa dks QVdkj Hkh yxkbZA
;g uhfr fuekZ.k esa ehfM;k dh ,d vPNh rLohj izLrqr djrh gSA exj blds lkFk vc cM+k [krjk dkWiksZjsV vfHkeq[k ehfM;k dk bfPNr tuer fuekZ.k djus vkSj fQj ljdkj dks ,slh uhfr;ka cukus dks izsfjr djuk dk Hkh gS tks cM+s ?kjkuksa ds fy, eqQhn gksA tkus ekus ehfM;k fpard Lo vysDld dsjh dksbZ nks n'kd igys ehfM;k dks Tool of corporate Propaganda fu:fir dj pqds gSa rc ls ehfM;k dk ,d cM+k Hkkx dkWiksZjsV vfHkeq[k gqvk gSA egku fopkjd ukse pksELdh Hkh blh [krjs dks js[kkafdr djrs gSA blfy, uhfr fuekZ.k esa ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk dk ftØ djrs gq, bl vge igyq dh mis{kk ugha dh tk ldrh gSA xksok esa [kuu dks ysdj fookn mBk vkSj ekeyk tc lqizhe dksVZ igqapk rks vnkyr us fVIi.kh dh fd ge tkurs gSa fd dSls lEikndh; fy[ks tk jgs gSaA vnkyr us dgk [kuu dEifu;ksa ds fy, ehfM;k esa ykWfcax dh tk jgh gSA vnkyr us dgk ehfM;k flQZ thMhih vkSj vkfFkZd izxfr dks ysdj fpafrr gSA ysfdu lafo/kku esa of.kZr fl)kUrksa dks ysdj ughaaA
32 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Invited Lecture 6 Role of Media in Policy Making
Sanjeev Bhanawat
Affiliation & Contact Head & Professor, Centre for Mass Communication, Hon. Director, Centre for Jain Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur
Education Ph.D. M.A. (Hindi Lit), P.G. Diploma in Journalism from Rajasthan University.
Teaching & Research Experience 1982 to till date : Professor of Journalism at Center For Mass Communication. 1997 to till date : Editor of a Media quarterly journal ‗Communication Today‘ 2007 : Paper presentation in World Hindi Conference held at New York 1989 to 1996 : Director, Communication Bureau of the University. 1996 : Visited Colombo in an international conference of media educators of south Asian countries. Actively associated with All India Radio, Doordarshan and other FM & TV Channels. Guided 24 scholars for their Ph. D. Degree. Edited and written about thirty books related to journalism & mass communication. Regular contributor of articles and research papers to various newspapers, magazines and research journals.
Awards Radha Krishna Khetan Gold Medal for securing highest marks in Hindi literature in Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Sumnesh Joshi Pratham Kriti Award from Rajasthan Sahitya Academy, Udaipur Babu Rao Vishnu Paradkar Award form U.P. Young Research Talent Award Pradeep Kumar Rampuria Memorial Award Ganesh Lalwani Samman, 2011 from Jain Vichar Manch, Kolkata Young achiever award of Indian Junior Chamber Zone V Ganesh Shankar Vidhyarthi Award of Rural Journalist Association of India.
33 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Abstract
uhfr fuekZ.k esa ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk latho Hkkukor v/;{k] tu lapkj dsUnz] jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky;] t;iqj] jktLFkku yksdrkaf=d O;oLFkk esa LorU= lapkj ek/;eksa dh viuh fof’k"V Hkwfedk gksrh gSA yksdrkfU=d O;oLFkk ls vfHkizk; gS & turk dk] turk ds }kjk] turk ds fy, 'kkluA ;g O;oLFkk fdlh Hkh yksd dY;k.kdkjh ljdkj ds fy, vkn’kZ gSA tgk¡ ge vke ukxfjd ds vf/kdkj dh j{kk djrs gSa] mldk lEeku djrs gSa ogha ge lapkj ek/;eksa dh Lora=rk dh Hkh vis{kk djrs gSa D;ksafd bUgha ds }kjk tuer fuekZ.k gksrk gSA jsfM;ks] Vsyhfotu rFkk lekpkji=ksa vkfn fofHkUu lapkj ek/;e vke vkneh dh oSpkfjd psruk dks tkxzr djrs gaS tks buds ek/;e ls vius lekt o ifjos’k dks ns[krs gaS rFkk mlds vk/kkj ij viuk er fu/kkZfjr djrs gSaA ljdkj o vke vkneh ds e/; ehfM;k ,d dM+h ds :i esa dke djrk gSA og turk dk er fu/kkZfjr djrk gS rks mls dgha czsd Hkh djrk gSA ehfM;k dh ifjdYiuk esa *tu dk fo'okl gS* blfy;s mls ^^pkSFkh lÙkk^^ Hkh dgk x;k gSA og turk ds *fny&fnekx* ij 'kklu djrk gSA ehfM;k us vkt mu fo"k;ksa ij cgl 'kq: dh gS tks fdlh le; vR;Ur futh le>s tkrs FksA lkekftd fod`fr;ksa ls ysdj iz’kklfud&jktuhfrd Lrj ij O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj ds f[kykQ tkx:drk QSykus esa ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk ls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA oLrqr% ehfM;k dh xaHkhj o nkf;Roiw.kZ dojst us ljdkj dh O;oLFkk dh [kkfe;ksa dks le>us esa enn dh gSA ehfM;k us ljdkj dks bl ckr ds fy, ck/; fd;k gS fd og O;oLFkk dks ^vdkmUVscy] jsLiksfUlo rFkk flVhtu ÝsaMyh^ cuk;sA vkt tgk¡ ekuo efLr"d ij yxkrkj lwpukvksa dk ncko c<+rk tk jgk gS] ogha ehfM;k ij ;g nkf;Ro vk x;k gS fd og bl *lwpuk&izokg* esa ls *fopkj* dh j{kk dj gekjh uhfr;ksa ds fuekZ.k esa dgha Bksl lq/kkj dj jpukRed Hkwfedk dk fuokZg dj ldsA ehfM;k fdlh Hkh eqn~ns ij ,d cgl dks 'kq: djrs gq, lÙkk ds 'kh"kZ ij cSBs gq, uhfr fu/kkZjdksa dks tulkekU; dh lksp o mlds laHkkfor izHkkoksa ds vkdyu djus esa enn djrk gSA
34 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Media Plays a Role of Catalyst in Policy Making
Manoj Kumar Lodha
Educational Qualifications: Ph. D., Incredible Change in Newspaper World: An Economic Analysis (Especially w.r.t. India), M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur Rajasthan Post Graduate Diploma in Tourism and Hotel Management, VMO University, Kota Rajasthan. Diploma in Culture & Tourism, VMO University, Kota Rajasthan PG Diploma course on the Thought & Contribution of Jawahar Lal Nehru, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur Rajasthan Master of Journalism and Mass Communication (MJMC), specialization in Page Layout, designing and Rural Communication, VMO University, Kota Rajasthan Post Graduate Diploma in Human Rights, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur Rajasthan Bachelors in Journalism & Mass Communication (BJMC), VMO University, Kota Rajasthan B.Sc. (Mathematics), Ajmer University, Ajmer Rajasthan
Research Specialization Data Analysis, Survey and Research Methodology Rural & Tribal Development Communication
Research Projects Research Project awarded by Govt. of Gujarat under the scheme of world Class University for research entitled ―Contribution of Media in Development Sector-A Case Study of Tribal Area Sub Plan of Gujarat‖ in 2012. Minor Research Project awarded by University Grants Commission (UGC) for research entitled ―A Comparative study of impact of TV commercials on Rural-Urban Girls of Gujarat‖ in 2012. An Evaluation Study and documentation of Red Ribbon Express (An AIDS aware campaign run by NAACO, India) travel in Gujarat during February 17 – March 02, 2012. Minor Research Project awarded by University Grants Commission (UGC) for research work entitled ―Role of Mass Communication in Tribal Development – A Case Study of Tribal Sub Plan Area of Gujarat‖ in 2010.
Research Accomplished Case study on Mid-day meal scheme in Southern Rajasthan, submitted to Centre for Human Rights, MLS University, Udaipur. (2003)
35 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Teaching Experience (Twenty Years) 2013 : Associate Professor, Department of Media Studies, Haridev Joshi University of Journalism and Mass Communication, Japiur, Rajasthan 2008-2013 : Assistant Professor & Coordinator, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan Gujarat 1993-2007 : Guest Lecturer, Department of Journalism, M L Sukhadia University, Udaipur 1992 –2007 : Counselor, Study Centre Udaipur, VMO University, Kota Counselor, Study Centre Udaipur, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi.
36 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Abstract Media Plays a Role of Catalyst in Policy Making
Manoj Kumar Lodha Associate Professor, Dept. of Media Studies, Haridev Jhoshi University of Journalism and Mass Communication, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
India has the largest democracy in the world with over 120 billion of population and over 65 billion of voters. The Constitution makers decided to make self-governance a living reality and for this purpose they included Right to Freedom of speech and expression into fundamental rights of every citizen. But, this fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression, as guaranteed by Article 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution, would be meaningless without authentic requisite information about issues and subjects on which opinions are to be formed and expressed. Further, it would also not be possible to articulate this right to information without existence of media. The existence of media will not only ensure transparent administration of the public affairs but will also strengthen the mechanism of accountability and thereby the efficient working of the democratic regime.
In an ideal situation, mass media is an important means of communication between the citizen and the government, and so helps in shaping their reactions to each other's decisions. It communicates information to the citizens about the decision of the government. On the other hand, the media helps the public to articulate their demands and communicates them in political terms. It is a source of information for the government on the public reactions to contemporary problems and issues.
This paper illustrates that the media is a very powerful entity in society. Without the media many people in this country would not even know what is happening most of the time. In theory, the media provides an objective view of the policies put forth by the government, and allows people to formulate their own opinions. However, the media sometimes takes advantage of the power that it has by skewing facts and sometimes fails to report on both sides of an issue. Overall, the media does a fairly good job of presenting both sides of an issue. But if one news source does not report one side of a story, there is always another news source reporting the other side of the issue.
37 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Industrial Talk
NSIC’s Initiatives to MSMEs
D.D. Maheswari
Affiliation & Contact Sr. Branch Manager, NSIC's V.K.I, Jaipur Mob: 91-9413400035 Email - [email protected]
Qualification & Achievements: Electronics & Communication Engineer from Govt. Engineering College, Kota Sr. Branch Manager, NSIC‘s V.K.I., Jaipur Branch since 2013. Techno-commercial experience in various capacities.
38 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Industrial Talk
Career Avenues for Youth
Gajendra Singh
Affiliation & Contact Assistant Agricultural Marketing Adviser Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India) In-charge Regional Office, Jaipur
Educational Qualification PhD (Agricultural Economics), G B P U A T, Pantnagar (2001) NET (Agricultural Economics), ASRB / ICAR (1998 and 1999) M.Sc (Agricultural Economics and Farm Management), JNKVV, Jabalpur (1996) MBA (Marketing Management), IGNOU, New Delhi (2006) PG Diploma (Financial Management) , IGNOU, New Delhi (2001) Diploma (Cooperative Management), MP Cooperative Federation (1997) B.Sc. (Agriculture), JNKVV, Jabalpur (1993)
Other Achievements (a) No. of Trainings/Work shop/Seminar (9) (b) Research Publications, Reports, Special Projects, surveys and compendium etc (45). (c) Published Book (1) - ―Food for All: An Assessment of Food Security in Indian Context‖.
Experience Editor, ‗Agricultural Marketing‘ of the Directorate and streamlined the Journal Member, ‗Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure‘ Planning Commission, Government of India for XIth five year plan on―Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure and Policy Required for Internal & External Trade‖
39 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Oral Presentation Implementation of UN Millennium Development Goals on Education in India
S. Kandasamy Associate Professor and Head, Dept. of Public Policy, Law and Governance Central University of Rajasthan
ABSTRACT Education has its own value to any type of Development – Third world countries give priority to educational development – MDG under goal No.2 focuses on primary education to all. India goes in right path in achieving the goal of primary education – Quality education is still a question – Literacy level increased – Gender gap in education reduced – Drop outs in primary education controlled.
Constitutional amendment is a mile stone in primary education – Education is a fundamental right - Responsibilities of primary education imposed on State. India implements MDG through the schemes – Sarva Shiksha Abiyan – Mid day Meal Scheme – Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya – Rashtriya Uchhtar Shisha Abhiyan – National Youth Policy – National Policy on Early Childhood Care and Education (2013).
Constitutional Safeguards on education – Non Discrimination under Article 15 – Education as a fundamental right under Article 21A – Minority rights on education under Article 28 and Article 30- Constitution promotes and guarantees the educational rights.
Strong evidence of impact of MDG goal on education in developing countries – MDG acted as an instrument of universal primary education and quality education at global level – India also got its right direction in educational development through MDGs.
KEYWORDS: Millennium Development Goals, Fundamental Rights, Universal Primary Education, Quality Education, Government Schemes, Developing Countries.
INTRODUCTION In the current scenario, education has its own value to any type of development. Therefore mainly third world countries have been led to believe or have believed that the rapid quantitative expansion of educational opportunities is the key to whole national development. More educational development leads to more economic development of a country.
Virtually every serious commentator agrees that major reform within Third World education is long overdue. - Richard Jolly, Deputy Director General, UNICEF
Goal No.2 of the Millennium Development Goal speaks about the achievement of universal primary education. Developing regions have made impressive strides in expanding access to primary education. From 2000 to 2011, the enrolment rate grew from 83 per cent to 90 per cent, and the number of out-of-school children dropped by almost half from 102 million in 2000 to 57 million in 2011. Achieving gains in education will have an impact on all MDGs.1 India‘s MDG framework is as per the UNDG‘s 2003 framework for monitoring of the 8 MDGs. Out
1 www.un.org/milenniumgoals accessed on 25 Aug 2015. 40 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills of the 18 targets, 12 targets (Target 1 to 11 and Target 18) are relevant to India. Corresponding to the 12 targets, there are 35 identified indicators. In this context, some important questions arise here; (i) What is the target of MDG‘s Goal No.2 (Achieve Universal Primary Education)? (ii) Whether by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling? Besides that, there are some facts about MDG‘s Goal No.2;2 (a) Literacy rates among adults and youths are on the rise and gender gaps are narrowing. (b) New national data show the number of out-of-school children dropped. (c) Primary education enrolment in developing countries reached 90 percent in 2010.
India and Millennium Development Goal No.2: In the context of goal No.2, India is on right track. This can be found in governmental schemes and programmes which are made for to get universal primary education. Gross Enrolment Rates for both girls and boys in 2006- 07 crossed 100 per cent. Then, India has already been achieved the universal primary education. Education growth rate can be found in eleventh five year plan goal. These are following;3 (i) To reduce the dropout rates of children at the elementary level from 52.2 per cent in 2003–04 to 20 per cent by 2011–12. (ii) Development in minimum standards of educational attainment in elementary schools, to ensure quality education. (iii) Increase in the literacy rate for persons of age 7 years or more to 85 per cent by 2011–12 (iv) Reduce the gender gap in literacy to 10 percentage points by 2011–12 (v) Increase the percentage of each cohort (i.e. is a group of people who share a common characteristic or experience within a defined period) going to higher education from 10 per cent to 15 per cent by 2011–12.
During the eighth five-year plan, the target of ―Universalizing‖ elementary education was divided into three broad parameters, Universal Access ,Universal Retention and Universal Achievement i.e., making education accessible to children, making sure that they continue education and finally, achieving goals.4
A trend based on DISE (District Information System on Education) data shows that the country is now well set to achieve cent per cent primary education for children in the primary schooling age of 6-10 years ahead of 2015. DISE 2010-11 reports Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) at Primary level as 99.89.5
In India, 86th Constitutional Amendment makes elementary education a fundamental right for every child in India. European Commission (EC) funding for a nationwide programme launched by the Government of India is helping to implement a comprehensive approach to improve and develop an education system. EC contribution was €200 million (19% of total) during 2001-2010. Out of that, €2.47 billion spent on the programmes in India. In these programmes, 45% was financed by the Government, 30% by development partners and 25% by Indian States.6
Indian government sponsored schemes that address this MDG includes: (i) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
2 United Nations Development Programme. 3 www.undp.org accessed on 25 Aug 2015. 4 Excellence International Journal of Education and Research (Multi- subject journal), 2013,vol 1 issue-4 5 Towards Achieving Millennium Development Goals India 2013 6 http://ec.europa.eu/comm/europeaid accessed on 26 Aug 2015.
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
(ii) Mid Day Meal Scheme (iii) Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) (iv) Rashtriya Uchhtar Shiksha Abhiyan (v) National Youth Policy (NYP) (vi) National Policy on Early Childhood Care and Education (2013)
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is the government‘s flagship programme to provide universal access to elementary education for children of 6-14 years old. It was launched in 2001. SSA aims to improve enrolment, retention and the quality of education, to enable children to achieve grade appropriate levels of learning and to eliminate gender gap and differentiation between different social categories. The Government‘s implementation of SSA has been supported by the Development Partners (IDA, DFID, and EC) through a four year Elementary Education Project, which builds on the Development partners‘ (DP‘s) involvement in elementary education in India through the District Primary Education Program (DPEP).
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is an effort, effectively involving the Panchayati Raj Institutions, School Management Committees, Village and Urban Slum-level Education Committees, Parent-Teacher Associations, Mother- Teacher Associations, Tribal Autonomous Councils and other grass root level structures in the management of elementary schools. It is an expression of political will for universal elementary education across the country.
There has been tremendous progress in Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan through the Right to Education Act in India. Right to education is a landmark legal and fundamental right in the Indian education system. Right to Education Act is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. India became one of the 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the Act came into force on 1 April 2010.
Mid Day Meal Scheme: The Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, launched the Mid Day Meal scheme in the year 1995. The scheme was started with three major objectives, namely improve the literacy rates by enhancing the enrolment rates; minimize school drop-outs by ensuring their retention in the school; and to upgrade their nutritional status by supplementing them with food items. Tamilnadu had launched cooked Mid Day Meals in the 1950s and expanded it significantly in 1982 and Gujarat introduced mid-day meals in the 1980s. Besides this, the entire state of Kerala, and some pockets of Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, began providing Mid Day Meals.
Things began to change after Nov. 28, 2001, when the Supreme Court order in the ‗right to food‘ case directed all states to implement the mid-day meal scheme by providing every child in every government and government aided primary schools with a prepared mid-day meal with minimum contents of 300 calories of energy and 8-12 grams of protein each day of school for a minimum of 200 days. 7 The main mission of midday meal in India is- No child in India should be Hungry and hunger should not be an obstacle for Education.8
There are variations in implementation of MDM in the states including Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and Tamilnadu. The central guidelines allow state governments to manage the MDMs through the designated
7 www.ijhssi.org Volume 3 Issue 10 ǁ October. 2014ǁ PP.06-09 8 Mid Day Meal Scheme objective 42 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills nodal departments such as school education, rural development, women and child development, or social welfare. Non- governmental organizations have also been permitted to be involved in the provision of MDMs. In many states like Rajasthan the concept of Public-Private partnerships for mid- day meals is taking root, especially in urban areas. The MDM Scheme is one of the country's national flagships feeding scheme initiated to improve the nutritional and educational status of the vulnerable children. In 2013, school meal poisoning incident took place in Bihar that killed 23 children. But, even now, the safety of meals is still a concern. However, MDM is playing a pivotal role to reduce school dropout. The Scheme was further revised in April 2008 to extend the scheme to recognized as well as unrecognized Madarsas / Maqtabs supported under SSA. In 2013-14, nearly Rs.30 billion (£290m) was allotted by the Indian government to the scheme.9 According to Mr. Barac Obama, the US president, “Your program has become the single largest feeding program in world. Your example of using advanced technologies in the central kitchen to reach such a huge number of schools or children is an imaginative approach that has the potential to serve as a model for other nations.”
We can see the enrolment figure in elementary education through the following chart;
Enrolment Figure in Elementary Education: Primary Class Enrolment (I-V CLASS) (numbers in millions)
140 120 100 80 boys 60 girls 40 total 20 0 2002 2005 ,
Upper Primary Class (VI-VIII) (numbers in millions)
60 50 40 boys 30 girl 20 total 10 0 2000 2005
9 The guardian, Monday11 august 2014 43 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Elementary Class (I-VIII) (numbers in millions)
200
150 boys 100 girls 50 total
0 2000 2005
Source; Selected Educational Statistics, 2004–0510
Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV): The Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) scheme was launched by the Government of India in August, 2004, for setting up residential schools at upper primary level for girls belonging predominantly to the SC, ST, OBC and minorities in difficult areas.
The scheme is being implemented in 27 States/UTs namely: Assam, Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadar & Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.11
Percentage of girls' enrolment in elementary and upper elementary class during the 1950-2011
Percentage of Girls Enrolment in Upper Elementary (Class IX-X) 50 40 30 20 all 10 sc 0 st
Percentage of Girls Enrolment in Class XI-XII
10 Eleventh five year plan 11 Evaluation Study on Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), NITI AAYOG,GOI, June, 2015 ,New Delhi -11
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50 40 30 ALL 20 10 SC 0 ST
Source; Human Resource Development12
Rashtriya Uchhtar Shiksha Abhiyan: Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS). It was launched in 2013. RUSA aims at providing strategic funding to eligible state higher educational institutions. The central funding (in the ratio of 65:35 for general category States and 90:10 for special category states) would be norm based and outcome dependent. The funding would flow from the central ministry through the state governments/union territories to the State Higher Education Councils before reaching the identified institutions. The main objectives of RUSA are:
(i) Improve the overall quality of state institutions by ensuring conformity to prescribed norms and standards and adopt accreditation as a mandatory quality assurance framework. (ii) Ensure adequate availability of quality faculty in all higher educational institutions and ensure capacity building at all levels of employment. (iii) Improve equity in higher education by providing adequate opportunities of higher education to SC/STs and socially and educationally backward classes; promote inclusion of women, minorities, and differently abled persons.
Constitutional and Education in India: Besides the above schemes many constitutional provisions available in India to achieve the universal primary education. They act as a guarantee to the people to achieve educational enhancement.
Article.15: The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. Nothing in this article or in clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.
Article 21A: The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine. This article Inserted by the 86th Amendment in December, 2002 and passed by the Parliament in July, 2009. The provisions of the Act came into force from 1st April, 2010
12 www.niti.gov.in accessed on 26 Aug 2015. 45 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
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Article 28: Advocates that Freedom to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions.
Article 30 Advocates that right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
MDG Goal 2 Assessment in Developing Countries: There is strong evidence of MDG impacts at a global level and in many countries (in the recent UNDP study of 30 countries, no fewer than 25 countries had added, expanded or modified indicators and 10 had added local goals), and there is good evidence of MDG impacts on social sector budget allocation.13 Adjusted net enrolment rate for primary education, 2000 and 2015 (Percentage)
120% 100% 80% 60% 2000 40% 2015 20% Column1 0% sub- saharan latin America south Asia western Asia north Africa africa
Source; The millennium Development goal report 2015 14
From the above chart it is clear that developing regions have reached an estimated 91% in 2015, up from 83% in 2000 in primary net enrolment. Sub-Saharan Africa faces daunting challenges. These include rapid growth of the primary-school-age population (which has increased 86 per cent between 1990 and 2015), high levels of poverty, armed conflicts and other emergencies. However, sub-Saharan Africa has made the greatest progress in primary school enrolment among all developing regions.15 In the developing countries the literacy rate among youth aged 15 to 24 has increased globally from 83 per cent to 91 per cent between 1990 and 2015.
CONCLUSION In Indian context, elementary education is a fundamental right. It provides education for all without any discrimination. With a population of more than 1.3 billion, which is still growing, it continues to be an uphill task for the country to keep pace with the expanding demand for elementary and secondary education. While we focus on India‘s progress towards MDGs, the progress so far has been mixed. India has made significant progress towards the goal of Education for All during the past few years. Keeping in view the pace of progress achieved till 2000, several programmes have been formulated and implemented since 2001 to advance the goal of Education for All. These policies and programmes have been implemented through the collaborative efforts of central government as well as state / UT Governments and through district level decentralized management structures, involving local bodies. But still, India has miles to go in overall development of quality education.
13 EADI policy paper 14 UNDP 15 MDG report 2015 46 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Role of Communication Skills in Developing Sustainable Resource Management Skills
Meenakshi Thakur Associate Professor, Dept. of Social Sciences, Biyani Group of Colleges, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT A resource bequest, represented by an indicator of quality, is placed into a dynamic production model to determine how resource use adjusts to meet sustainability objectives and how production input use changes with fluctuations in resource quality. Impacts of various sustainability objectives and the time path of resource quality are identified and evaluated using replacements, reversibility and improbability criteria.
Sustainable Resource Management deals with the protection of all natural resources. It is needed because it is an important part of the ability to successfully maintain the quality of life on the planet earth. Hence, sustainable management can be applied to all aspects of our lives. For example, the practices of a business should be sustainable if they wish to stay in businesses, because if the business is unsustainable, then by the definition of sustainability they will cease to be able to be in competition. Communities are in a need of sustainable management, because if the community is to prosper, then the management must be sustainable. Forest and natural resources need to have sustainable management if they are to be able to be continually used by our generation and future generations. Our personal lives also need to be managed sustainably. This can be done by making decisions that will help in sustaining our immediate surroundings and environment, or it can be by managing our emotional and physical well-being. Sustainable management can be applied to many things, as it can be applied as a literal and an abstract concept. Meaning, depending on what they are applied to the meaning of what it is can change. Therefore, this paper‘s endeavor was to identify the impact of the communication skills of managers on the success of areas in construction development management. Although communication is an area of development management, it is actually the mean to achieve the deliverable objectives, considering the limited resources.
KEYWORDS: Resource, Sustainable, Communication skills, Construction industry, Development management, Sustainability.
INTRODUCTION Etymological meaning of sustainability is the ability to continue a defined behavior indefinitely. Sustainability is concerned with three main areas: Environmental sustainability is the ability to maintain rates of renewable resource harvest, pollution creation, and non-renewable resource depletion that can be continued indefinitely. Economic sustainability is the ability to support a defined level of economic production indefinitely. Social sustainability is the ability of a social system, such as a country, to function at a defined level of social well being indefinitely.
Starting from a ‗pure‘ ecologically based concept in the 1970s and in the World Conservation Strategy, it has been transformed into a very quickly into a more comprehensive socio-economic approach. Sustainable development is: 1. People-centered as it aims to improve the quality of human life.
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
2. Conservation-based in that it is conditioned by the need to respect natures ability to provide resources and life-support services. In this perspective, sustainable development means improving the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting ecosystems." 3. Normative concept that embodies standards of judgment and behaviour to be respected as the human community the society seeks to satisfy its needs of survival and well-being".
Communication is sending and receiving information between two or more people. The person sending the message is referred to as the sender, while the person receiving the information is called the receiver. The information conveyed can include facts, ideas, concepts, opinions, beliefs, attitudes, instructions and even emotions.
Obviously, ‗information‘ is the key word in the first definition. But this definition does not indicate the objects about which information is to be transmitted. This is precisely what is provided in the second definition. Communication transmits information not only about tangible facts and determinable ideas and opinions but also about emotions.
When a communicator passes on or transmits some information, he may also, either intentionally or unconsciously, be communicating his attitude or the frame of his mind. And sometimes the latter may be more relevant to the reality that is being communicated.
The following definition offered by William Scott in his book ‗Organisation Theory‘ should appear comprehensive and especially satisfying to the students of ‗business communication‘ since it touches all aspects of the communication process:
―Administrative communication is a process which involves the transmission and accurate replication of ideas ensured by feedback for the purpose of eliciting actions which will accomplish organizational goals.‖
Communications plays a vital part in any sustainability strategy. If you don‘t communicate internally, you won‘t be able to implement the change necessary to make your organization more sustainable. And your employees are, of course, part of the very green-conscious public. They‘re eager to participate in and advocate for your sustainability efforts.
And if you don‘t communicate your strategies and activities externally, to customers, partners, and the public, your business could lose sales to the increasing number of environmentally-conscious consumers. Or you could miss out on a major contract to supply a global firm because it doesn‘t understand your sustainability policies. In the case of company communications, at least four areas of practice can be distinguished, differing mainly in terms of strategic objectives: 1. Corporate communication (development of a company/brand image or reputation) intended to convey a responsible or civic image of the company, 2. Green marketing (product communication), 3. Social marketing (encouraging consumers to behave responsibly) and 4. Responsible marketing (codes of conduct for communication).
While these distinctions have the advantage of providing an organized overview of practices, the boundaries are often blurred: any company deciding to launch and promote a green product will also be hoping that its reputation will benefit.
This paper focuses on communication, communication skills and the management areas essentially required by the project manager for communication of sustainability. 48 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
PLANNING PROJECT COMMUNICATION Aspects such as uniqueness, uncertainty, risk, budgets, deadlines and strict time schedules make the management of projects complex and exciting, but stressful. Considering that a variety of stakeholders, each with similar or different requirements for the project, participate in the process, it is clear that effective communication planning is essential in order to be sustainable.
Poor communication during projects affects the schedule, the cost, the safety of workers and the project quality. To be able to complete construction projects and be sustainable, the conclusion may be reached that each of the parties involved should have a thorough understanding of what is required. Information becomes essential to each of the parties involved in sustainable project management and such information results from effective communication.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION SKILLS The survival of any structured human activity depends largely on man‘s ability to communicate with others. It is important to determine the skills needed to communicate effectively for the project to be sustainable. At various stages of a construction project people will have to explain, ask questions and discuss issues and ideas. Communication during a construction project mainly comprises speaking and listening, and less reading and writing.
The communication skills considered in this research are as follows. 1) Leadership skills: That is how well one can lead the team and keeping in mind their skills provide everyone exact opportunity that they deserve. 2) Decision making and problem solving: Decision making is a process to gain collective support and team commitment about sustainability. Decision making differs from problem solving. Problem solving is a process of analyzing sustainability and identifying a number of possible solutions. Gorse and Emmitt state that decision making is an essential component of a project manager‘s set of skills. 3) Listening: According to Clements and Gido, the heart of communication is not words, but understanding; not only to be understood, but also to understand, which implies understanding sustainability. Active listening increases understanding. Sweeney states that the skill of listening is an important skill. A project manager therefore needs the skill of listening, to be able to accomplish a sustainable project. 4) Motivation: Motivation may be defined as ―providing the right conditions for people to work effectively‖. A lack of sustainable motivation often leads to conflict, strikes, lower productivity, stress and the failure of a project. The project manager should show enthusiasm and commitment towards sustainability as well as creating an environment. Pells adds that a project manager who supports the team may multiply success. Motivation towards sustainability is not a product of emotion, but a product of sound planning and management. 5) Conflict management: Effective conflict management prevents sustainability differences becoming destructive elements in a project. Effective project managers realize that conflict is inevitable, but that procedures may help resolve conflict whatever the reason. Once conflict occurs, the project manager has to study the reason for the conflict and collect the available information to develop an approach and create the appropriate atmosphere for negotiation to solve the conflict. Therefore, the construction project manager is the person responsible for the project and has the task to deal with conflict when it arises and needs skills to manage conflict effectively before it becomes catastrophic; negotiation may be the skill to apply in the communication process about sustainability to resolve and prevent conflict.
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
6) Meetings: Project meetings are the construction project manager‘s principle forum to manage the project and communicate about sustainable matters with the team members and stakeholders, thus project meetings are an important part of project communication. 7) Team development and team building: Teams are defined as ―groups of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose and hold themselves mutually accountable for its achievement‖. The project manager guides and leads the team to achieve sustainability through effective communication. To achieve this, the project manager needs communication skills. 8) Negotiation: Negotiation involves conferring with others to come to terms with or reach an agreement, for example, about sustainability. The fundamental element of negotiation is to create an environment in which those who are in conflict may work together towards a resolution. Negotiation as a skill may come into play at various stages of communicating about sustainability during the construction project, and may be useful in making numerous agreements with parties. 9) Explaining: Explaining means to simplify and contribute to an understanding of the nature of explaining. Explaining and questioning are linked. In construction project management, the project manager has to communicate about sustainability in a way that is clear and comprehensible to the project team members, in order for the team to understand the sustainable goals and allow them to ask questions. 10) Reinforcement: Reinforcement involves a stimulus which, when linked to a response, will most likely lead to that response being repeated. Verbal and non-verbal communication takes place using adept facial expressions and other gestures to provide or react to information. Positive reinforcement involves letting members know that they do well and that their sustainable inputs are appreciated; this will encourage those members who feel insecure. 11) Public and mass communication: Public communication takes place when the project manager addresses a large known audience to inform them about the sustainability of the project. Mass communication occurs when the project manager sends information about sustainability to a large, anonymous audience. Thus, mass communication is one-way communication. 12) Questioning: Communication is most effective when asking questions during a conversation. The reason for asking questions in project management is to allow time for interaction with the audience on matters such as sustainability.
PURPOSE To identify the impact of communication skills of construction development manager on the success of areas in construction development management. Although communication is an area of development management, it is actually the mean to achieve the deliverable objectives, considering the limited resources. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to study the impact of communication skills in providing solutions to the real world challenges of sustainable resource management.
METHODOLOGY A survey was conducted by sending questionnaires to a selected group of quantity examiners, Reliance store managers, engineers, architects and project managers. The number of questionnaires sent out was 150. The total response rate was 35%. It is significant in respect of the reliability of the response rate that 72% of the responses received were from project managers. However, the responses from the project managers did not distort the response data. The questionnaire included questions regarding the communication skills a project manager needs to enhance and ensure project success. The opinion of respondents was collected on a Likert scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is not important, 2 fairly important, 3 important,4 very important and 5 extremely important. ‗None‘ indicated ‗did not respond to the question‘.
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The purpose of the questions was to rate the communication skills a project manager should possess or use. Secondly, to determine if leadership is an important skill needed by a project manager to communicate effectively. Thirdly, to determine the extremely important communication skills a project manager needs to communicate effectively regarding sustainability. Table (a) shows the importance of the communication skills a project manager should possess or use.
Table (a): Communication skills Response (%) Communication skills a 1 Not important 5 Extremely S.NO construction project Average Ranking None important manager should possess 1 2 3 4 5 1 Leadership skills 3.1 0 1 6.2 20.6 69 4.5 1 Decision making and problem 2 3.1 0 1.1 7.2 20.6 68 4.5 2 solving 3 Listening 3.1 0 0 15.4 33 49 4.2 3 4 Motivation 4.1 0 1 7.2 42.3 45 4.2 3 5 Conflict management 4.1 0 3.1 15.5 33 44 4.1 4 6 Meetings 4.1 0 0 15.5 41.2 39 4.1 4 Team development and team 7 3.1 0 4.1 9.3 45.4 38 4.1 4 building 8 Negotiation 3.1 0 4.1 16.5 36.1 40 4 5 9 Explaining 4.1 1.1 4.1 8.2 42.3 40 4 5 10 Reinforcement 5.2 1 5.2 18.5 42.3 28 3.8 6 Public and mass 11 4.1 4.1 7.2 37.2 29.9 18 3.4 7 communication 12 Questioning 20 0 3.1 13.4 43.3 21 3.2 8
The skill of leadership is ranked first as an extremely important communication skill a project manager should possess to enhance and ensure communication. Decision-making and problem-solving skills are ranked second; listening and motivation third. All these skills are rated as extremely important or very important, except public communication that is ranked important. Although the respondents ranked leadership the highest, it is not a communication skill; project managers need to be leaders, to be able to communicate effectively. The communication skills that are rated the highest are decision making and problem solving, listening, motivation, meetings, writing, team development and team building, and conflict management. These communication skills can be seen as the important communication skills that a project manager needs to communicate effectively about sustainability. Leadership is rated the highest, which indicates that a project manager, as the leader of a project, needs the skills of decision making and problem solving, listening, motivation, meetings, team development and team building, and conflict management to communicate effectively with all stakeholders of the project regarding green project management. Leaders can achieve sustainability through effective communication skills such as decision making and problem solving, listening, motivation, meetings, team development and team building, and conflict management. With these communication skills, the project manager will convince all stakeholders to follow a sustainable approach in managing projects.
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The project manager has to communicate effectively regarding cost, time and quality as three of the four cornerstone factors on which the success of a sustainable project depends, followed by scope. Time influences cost, and cost is communicated to the client, functionaries and stakeholders to execute the project within the approved budget and in time, according to the request of the client – the scope. The project manager needs to be a leader to communicate effectively with all parties and convince them to follow a sustainable approach. Therefore, successful execution of sustainable projects depends heavily on the construction project manager‘s ability as communicator to lead the team and manage a construction project successfully. A communication foundation model is thus proposed.
Figure a: Communication foundation model
Scope
Time Quantity Communication
cost Quality
Therefore, the project manager‘s communication skill has an impact on the cornerstone areas of project management. Communication is the function that the project manager can apply in the sustainable integration of cost, scope and time to achieve a quality product and hence can be seen as the cornerstone in this sustainable approach for green project management.
Acknowledgement: I would like to thank everyone who contributed to the completion of this work.
REFERENCES 1. Hoffman, J. Andrew. From Heresy to Dogma: An Institutional History of Corporate Environmentalism. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press., 2001. 2. Lockwood, Charles. (2007). ―Building the Green Way.,‖ Harvard Business Review on Green Business Strategy (1-20). United States of America: Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation. 3. United States Department of Agriculture. Farm Management how to Achieve Your Farm Business Goals. Washington, D.C.: Department of Agriculture., 1989. 4. Reinhardt, L. Forest. (2007). ―Bringing the Environment Down to Earth,‖ Harvard Business Review on Green Business Strategy (41-64). United States of America: Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation. 5. Stead, W. Edward, Stead Jean Garder. Management for a Small Planet: Strategic Decision Making and the Environment. London: Sage Publications., 1992. 6. Lovins, B Amory, Hunter Lovins, Paul Hawken. (2007). ―A Road Map for Natural Capitalism.,‖ Harvard Business Review on Green Business Strategy (65-98). United States of America: Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation. 7. Hassan, M. Hassan, Charles Hutchinson. Natural Resource and Environmental Information for Decision making. Washington, D.C.: The world Bank., 1992.
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8. Dittmar, Hank. (2002). ―Sprawl: The Automobile and Affording the American Dream.‖ Juliet B. Schor and Betsy Taylor, Sustainable Planet: Solutions for the Twenty-first Century (109 128). Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press. 9. Mckenzie-Mohr, Doug. Fostering Sustainable Behavior: An Introduction to Community-Based Social Marketing. Gabriola Island: NewSociety Publishers, 1999. 10. Mcginley, Kathlee, Bryan Finegan. Working in the Tropics: conservation Through Sustainable Management. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida., 2002. 11. Ritchie, Mark. (2002). ―Be a Local Hero: Strengthening Our Communities, Health, and Environment by Eating Local.‖ Juliet B. Schor and Betsy Taylor, Sustainable Planet: Solutions for the Twenty-first Century (93-108). Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press.
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Decentralisation and Accountability as and Agenda of Modern Public Administration
1Anju Pandey and 2Vinod Kumar Saroj 1Anju Pandey, Research Scholar, Central University of Rajasthan, India 2Vinod Kumar Saroj, Research Scholar, central University of Rajasthan, India
INTRODUCTION ―Administration is meant to achieve something, and not to exist in some kind of an ivory tower, following certain rules of procedure and, Narcissus-like, looking on itself with completes satisfaction. The test after all is the human beings and their welfare.‖ Jawahar Lal Nehru (March 29, 1954)
This research paper intends to look at the significance of decentralization and accountability in today‘s public administration and to analyze the emerging forces, which are pushing our public administration to incorporate the principles of decentralization and accountability. And further to critically examines the means and methods used to bring decentralization and accountability in administrative system of our country.
The core concepts on which this paper will look at are decentralization, accountability and public administration. So, the brief introduction of these terms is necessary before establishing the inter-relation among them. Public Administration in a laymen language is to get the things done to achieve common goal for the welfare of the people. In other word it can be defined as organization and management of men and material to achieve the purpose of the government. The scope of public administration is determined by the role and function of the state as this is a regime of welfare of the common people so the role and responsibility of the state is vary from make available necessary things of life to survive to make available the resources for the full development of the personality of the individual so that he/she can participate in the national development.
With globalization there is more demand for democratization in public administration and in modern time power is dispersed not centralized, where tasks are becoming re-differentiated, rather than sub-divided and specialized and where society worldwide demands greater freedom and individuation, rather than integration. Now the role of Public Administrator is to bring people to the table and to serve citizens in the manner that recognizes the multiple and complex layers of responsibility, ethics and accountability.
Decentralization, simply means—the transfer of authority and responsibility for public functions from the central government to subordinate or quasi-independent government organizations and/or the private sector. It is a complex multifaceted concept. Now a days, Decision-makers, Administrative Thinkers and aid agency professionals in a number of transitional and developing countries are increasingly turning to ―administrative decentralization‖ as a strategy for addressing a number of critical governmental needs. Foremost among these are improved governance, increased transparency and accountability, and more effective and efficient production and delivery of public goods and services. Unfortunately, currently available analytical frameworks and guidelines are not particularly helpful in assisting them to design strategies and reforms aimed at promoting these and other critical governmental needs Foremost among these are strengthened governance, increased transparency and accountability, and more effective and efficient production and delivery of public goods and services. As far as Indian perspective is concerned since long time devolution of power was promoted and encouraged and Mahatma Gandhi particularly promoted the idea of self-governed group or local government. The idea of decentralization is reflecting in our Constitution particularly after the 73rd & 74th Constitutional amendment now peoples are sharing the responsibility of administration either directly or with the help of local 54 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills representative. Now it became the global trend to break the power groups and devolve it in several levels to overcome the problem of arbitrariness and to bring social justice in the administrative functioning.
As far as the Accountability is concerned it is subjected to fix the liability of the concerned person or authority for his act and omission. As in the ancient periods there was a belief the KING CAN COMMIT NO WRONG but with the passage of time this belief diluted and replaces by the trend that each and every one should be responsible for his own wrong and no one can be escaped from his liability. Accountability promotes the efficient and effective mobilization and management of resources. Accountability manages discretion and discretion is the essence of administrative decentralization. In India accountability is considered to be the essence of governance and constitutional mandate make the authorities responsible and accountable towards them. And in the same line Right to Information Act 2005 proved to be a very good and effective platform to empower the common people to make the concerned authority accountable by using various tools and methods- social auditing, citizen‘s charter. These methods are developed to strengthen the democratic values and to entrust the common people with the required power to make the government responsible and accountable so that the resources of the country can be utilized for the welfare of the people and development of the nation.
Accountability and decentralization are mutually related with each other and combination of both make our public administrative system closer to the people and bring the tenets of democratization into the public administration and most importantly keep away the arbitrariness from the administrative system.
As this is the era of globalization where the whole globe has became a small village and now the social economic political relation are not limited to the territories of the nation but now it has no such limitation. But to establish the strong socio-economic and political relation with the other country the ideologies and principle of the countries administrative system are taken into consideration. Decentralization and accountability are such principles of administration which are helping in establishing strong and long time relation with the other countries and to win the confidence or trust of the international institutions, which are constituted to assess financially the countries for their development.
OBJECTIVE The broad objective of this research study is to come up an ideal link between accountability, decentralization and public administration. And further this broad objective is divided into narrow one- To establish relation between decentralization and accountability. To explore the ways to bring decentralization in the system, without effecting its administrative efficiency. To look at the emerging trends of modern public administration related to decentralization and accountability.
METHODS The nature of this research is doctrinal. So, authentic and standard literature is relied using the study- books, article, reports, and newspaper article and government documents.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION The above mentioned discussion regarding the concepts of accountability, decentralization and its relation and significance in today‘s public administration has come out with the result that decentralization and accountability is a backbone of public administration and they together gives stability and prolonged existence to the administration.
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CONCLUSION The above discussion brings a clear picture that this is the era of citizen centric administration which aims to provide good governance. There is a worldwide consensus that some core principles should be part of public administration to make administration in real terms citizen centric. Accountability and decentralization is inevitable in modern public administration and these are considered the most effective and efficient means to achieve the transparency, participative governance and corruption free governance.
As some process reform has been made in India and Administrative Reform Commission has been formed to give reformation for bring transformation in Public Administration. Theses commission also recommended the incorporation of the principles of accountability and decentralization to strengthen the public administration and make it citizen centric and efficient to compete with the world.
AKNOWLEDGMENTS I take this opportunity to thank my guide Prof. S. Kandaswamy (Central University of Rajasthan) , for his exemplary guidance and monitoring and I would like to extend regards to my co-author of this paper, Mr. Vinod kumar Saroj for helping me in finding the research problem and assessing me to complete this paper.
REFERENCES 1. Dubhashi, P.R., Recent Trends in Public Administration, Kaveri Books, 1995. 2. Khan, A. Haroon, An Introduction to Public Administration, University Press of America, 2008. 3. Basu Rumki, Public Administration: Concepts and theories, sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.2004 4. Jain, R.B., New Dimensions in Public Administration trends and Dilemmas, the Indian journal of political science, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp-239-256.available at www.jstor.org 5. http://www.ciesin.org/decentralization/English/General/Different_forms.html 6. http://arc.gov.in/arc_12th_report/arc_12th_Report.pdf 7. http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/civilservice/june2004seminar/RuralDecent.pdf
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Role of Mental Health Status of Adolescents in School Management
Himani Agarwal1 and Sarita Sanwal2 1Principal, Sarsawati Vidya Niketan English School of Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Email : [email protected] 2Assistant Professor, Human Development & Family Studies, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Gujarat Email : [email protected]
ABSTRACT Indian adolescents face a highly competitive examination system that determines their college entrance and access to desirable career choice. The present study is done to find out the role of mental health status of adolescents in school organization. The sample for the investigation consisted of 60 adolescent studying in 9th and 10th class. The sample was taken from Sarsawati vidya niketan English school of Jaipur city; Rajasthan (India). Standardized tool was used to measure the variable; Mental health status has been measured by Mental Health Inventory developed by Dr. Jagdish and Shrivastava (1982). Quantitative analysis was done. The results of the study revealed that, on mental health issues girls are stronger as compare to boys in perception of reality and group oriented attitudes. The results indicate that boys score more on Positive self evaluation, Integration of personality, Autonomy and environmental mastery. Thus, according to finding of study show that both boys and girls are not similar on their mental health status. So better development in their personality and smooth functioning in their surrounding administration. We have to need improve mental health status through counseling among boys as well as girls respondents.
KEYWORDS: Mental Health, Adolescent and Management
INTRODUCTION Indian adolescents face a highly competitive examination system that determines their college entrance and access to desirable career choice. The present study is done to find out the role of mental health status of adolescents in school organization. According to Kumar (1992), mental health is an index, which shows the extent to which the person has been able to meet his environmental demands – social, emotional or physical. A mentally healthy person shows homogenous organization of desirable attributes, healthy values and positive self- concept and a scientific perception of the world as a whole. According to (Schneiders, 1964) Mental health presents a humanistic approach towards self and others. It is an important factor that influences a mental health, as such, represents a psychic condition, which is characterized by mental peace, harmony and content. It is identified by the absence of disabling and debilitating symptoms, both mental and somatic in the person. Bhatia (1982) considers mental health as the ability to balance feelings, desires, ambitions and ideals in one‘s daily living. It means the ability to face and accept the realities of life
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To assess different dimensions of mental health among 60 high school adolescent boys and girls
METHODOLOGY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The present study aims at finding mental health status in age group of 13 to 15 years adolescent boys and girls with specific reference to school administration. Major focus of the present research work is to study the various
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills dimensions of mental health namely Positive self evaluation, Perception of reality, Integration of personality, Autonomy, Group oriented attitude and Environmental mastery.
LOCALE OF THE STUDY The Study was conducted in the Saraswati Vidya Niketan English school of Jaipur city; Rajasthan (India).
SAMPLE AND ITS SELECTION For the purpose of present study a group of 60 adolescent boys and girls studying in 9th and 10th standard were selected. In the next step, background information was collected from the respondents. Multistage random sampling technique was used for data collection.
DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS One standardized tool that is Mental Health Inventory developed by Dr.Jagdish and Srivastava (1982) and one self-made background profile were used for the study.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data on the entire subject were compiled and transcribed on a master sheet. All the necessary calculations were done and then the data was analyzed statistically. The data collected for the present study were coded, and quantitative assessment was attempted.
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS Results show that the descriptions statistics of the dimensions of mental health under study by analyzing their means and standard deviations and z test.
Table: Mean value and standard deviation of respondents on Mental Health Status
Boys Girls
Mental Health (n1=30) (n2=30) Calculated Variable Z Value Mean SD Mean SD
PSE 28.44 2.63 27.09 1.83 3.65**
POR 20.17 2.85 25.01 2.33 11.39**
IP 32.85 2.37 31.44 2.29 3.71**
AUN 15.79 1.96 14.92 1.65 2.94**
GOA 23.55 2.36 24.64 1.82 3.17** EM 23.13 3.32 21.23 2.33 4.06**
TOT MH 143.93 9.5 144.33 6.31 8.70**
* Significant at 0.05 level of significance ** Significant at 0.01 level of significance
Table depicts the mean scores, S.D. and z value of boys and girls in relation to their mental health. It shows that boys have higher mean scores in positive self evaluation (28.44), Integration of personality (32.85), Autonomy (15.79) and environmental mastery (23.13) as compared to girls' .The findings shows that there is a highly 58 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills significant difference of mental health among boys and girls. Girls have good mental health in comparison to boys as the z value of perception of reality (11.39) and Group oriented Attitudes (3.17) and total mental health (8.70) because the calculated z value is higher than tabulated z value.
Adolescence is a difficult period in one‘s life. They are struggling with their career, body, family and friends. Also adolescents have a tendency to look at life though rose-tinted glass. Coping along with so many changes, the adolescents also have pressure of choosing the career. This decision not only depends on them but their parents, family and peers all exert pressure on their decisions. Any conflicts resulting due to their own choice and parental ambitions lead to stress, tension thus, affect their mental health. Nanda, A.K., (2001) concluded, ―Today majority of parents and teachers are worried about the academic progress of their ward. They think that the purpose of their lives is fulfilled when their children are educated, pass examination, get a job and earn money. Nobody seems to be concerned about whether children imbibe any noble qualities and become refined mentally healthy personality. ‗If man is not allowed to be a lion, he becomes a fox‘. This proverb fits in the present situation. In India, the malady is common among teenage boys, girls and youth. 65 percent of the schools going children have been reported to be suffering from emotional problems of one type or another. Thus, the neglect of mental health results in serious consequences and the students passing the college cannot cope with the demands of life and future career. Unfortunately, ‗Mental‘ word still hits a wrong nerve among, even educated people. It is social ‗Taboo‘ to accept that one consults a psychologists or psychiatrists. It is essential today to understand the dynamics of mental health because, Peace of mind is necessary to lead a healthy and satisfied life and deal with its daily pressures. Mental health influences individual‘s various behaviours, activities, happiness and performance.
CONCLUSION The findings revealed that there is a difference between mental health of boys and girls. Female adolescents of today are as career and academic conscious as the male adolescents. Earlier, the archetypal Indian female viewed education only as a degree gaining exercise content to play the role of the housewife while the husband played the dominant role of the bread-winner of the family. But the present day ground realities compel both males as well as females to work to do keep the home fires burning. Thus, the female of today is shedding her apron and venturing out into the world in search of careers and prospects with as much zeal as her male counterpart. But unfortunately, as the results of this study indicate, she is picking up the unwanted and excess baggage of poor mental health in the bargain. Thus, according to finding of study show that both boys and girls are not similar on their mental health status. So better development in their personality and smooth functioning in their surrounding administration we have to need improve mental health status through counseling among boys as well as girls respondents.
REFERENCES 1. Bhatia, B. D. (1982) Mental hygiene in education. In Kuppuswamy, B. (Ed.) Advance Educational Psychology. Sterling, Delhi. 2. Jagdish and Srivastava A.K(1982), Manual for Mental Health Inventory; published by Manovaigyanik parikchhan Sansthan, Chowkaghat, Varanasi. 3. Kumar, P. (1992) Mental Health Checklist. National Psychological corporation,Agra 4. Nanda, A.K. (2001), ‗Mental Health of High School Students: A Comparative Study‘,Indian Psychological Review, 56, 1, 2-7. 5. Schneiders, A. A. (1964) Personal Development and Mental Health. Holt, New York.
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Human Relations in Public Administration
Varun Maru Biyani Girls College, Faculty of Social Science, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT According to the classical economists, there are five fundamental agents of production-Land, Labour, Capital, Enterprise and Organization. But today a sixth factor may be added that is 'Human Relations Approach', for the successful utilization of the nation's most valuable resource, i.e., manpower. Our industrial effectiveness depends to a considerable extent upon the physical and mental efforts and abilities of those who manage and perform the productive operations. Without human energies, skill and knowledge, natural resources are inert and of little value. Oliver Sheldon has rightly observed, "Industry is not a machine; it is a complex form of human associations. The true understanding of industry is to understand the thoughts of those engaged in it.
An organization, whether formal or informal is composed of people-the human beings -who come from different walks of life and who are different from one-another in their psychological make-up. The handling of physical, material and financial resources is quite different from that of human beings because the latter are not standardized, interchangeable or passive-like the resources of the materials or of inanimate objects. Therefore human beings have to be handled with great care by the management, who should be expert in the art of what is usually called 'Human Relations' of 'Human Engineering'.
KEYWORDS: Human relation, public management, human development, human engineering
INTRODUCTION DEFINING HUMAN RELATIONS The human relations in management are an approach which focuses attention on the human side of the organization. In its most general sense, the term 'human relations' refers to all the interactions that can occur among people whether they are conflicts or co-operative behaviours. The study of human relations in industry or government organization is the study of how people can work effectively in groups in order to satisfy both- organizational goals, and personal needs. In other words, the term is usually taken to mean 'getting along with others'. Some of the important definitions of human relations are:
Huneryager and Heckmann: "…… Human relations are a systematic, developing body of knowledge devoted to explaining the behaviour of individuals in the working organization.
Dereck French and Heather Saward: "It is an approach to the theory of management and of organization that emphasizes the individual worker's need for satisfactory relationship with other members of his work group and his need to participate in decisions that affect his work.
MacFarland : "Human relations is the study and practice of utilizing human resources through knowledge and through an understanding of the activities, attitudes, sentiments and inter-relationships of people at work.
Davis: Human relations are a process of an effective motivation of individuals in a given situation in order to achieve a balance of objectives which will yield greater human satisfaction and help accomplish organization goals.
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Thus human relations are the art of getting along with people either as an individual or as a group. It is the study of the practical attempts to achieve the two separate goals of: (i) greater productivity at work, and (ii) greater human satisfaction with the organization.
HUMAN RELATIONS IN MANAGEMENT: MAIN CHARACTERISTICS Modern management has been increasingly aware of the fact that 'human factor' is that most important of all factors of production. Social researches have opened up vast vistas of knowledge of behaviour of human beings and of their organized activities. The management should have the pertinent and basic knowledge about human behaviour and inter-relationships of human beings. It should effectively and productively influence, direct, counsel and lead the people. Knowledge of the people, their urges and behaviour is the first step in developing 'human relations'. The main characteristics of human relations are:
1. Integrative process: Human relations are an integral process through which an individual's attitude and work are integrated with a view to effecting a willing co-operation on his part in the achievement of the interests of an organization as a whole. 2. Willing co-operation: The principal objectives of integration should be to secure the willing co-operation of the employees. As a result of the sincere efforts on the part of the management, the employee is motivated to offer their willing co-operation for achieving the targets of greater, better and cheaper production. 3. Satisfaction: Members of the organization contribute their mite to get individual and group satisfaction, i.e., the producers must receive satisfaction in the same way as the consumers.
The satisfaction desired by an employee may be economic, social and psychological.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION OBJECTIVES OF HUMAN RELATIONS The term 'human relations' encompasses the entirely different sets of objectives-the goals of the organization and the goals of the people who work for the organization. Organizational goals, such as productivity, growth and profit maximization are influenced by non-human factors such as organization's size, structure, complexity and degree of technical sophistication. Human goals, such as job satisfaction, recognition and career are influenced by the organizational condition of work environment. Consequently, because human goals are affected by so many variables than organizational goals, they are far more complex to deal with and more difficult to satisfy.
CONCLUSION PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN RELATIONS Human relations stress the prime importance of getting a job done is an organization. They recognize the importance of the dignity, integrity and self respect of the workers. They seek to distinguish between the worker as a mere cog in the production machine and the worker as an individual.
The philosophy of human relations in management is expressed in the following viewpoint of John Mee: 1. Give the employee the facts; keep him in the 'know' in advance. 2. Do not dominate the employee; let him keep his self respect. 3. Promote the competitive spirit among the employees but avoid a fight. 4. Set an example for the employees; they like to respect their superiors. Train supervisors in human relations. 5. Consider the employee's sentiments and social situations; out of these his world is built. 6. Make the worker feel important; appeal to his 'mastery' drive. Give him an opportunity not only for advancement but also for expression. 7. Provide reasonable security and safe healthful conditions. 61 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
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8. Be firm; do not give concessions too easily; let the employee feel he has earned them fairly. 9. Treat each employee as an individual; determine what makes him valuable. 10. Make decisions as fairly as possible after considering the available facts. Be particularly objective in making decisions.
Good human relations need to be practiced by management or executives in Public Administration. Clarence Farncis has rightly observed that, "You can buy a man's time; you can buy a man's physical presence at a given place….. But you cannot buy enthusiasm, you cannot buy initiative; you cannot buy the devotion of hearts, minds and souls. You have to earn these things through constant practice …. The co-operation of the employee in the productive process must be won and deserved: it cannot be forced.
THE HAWTHORNE STUDIES; ELTON MAYO The emergence of human relations approach in management is linked with George Elton Mayo (1880-1949) an American sociologist. "Beginning in the late 1920s and carrying through the 1930s, the Harvard Business School, under the leadership of Elton Mayo and his associates, conducted extended research at the Hawthorne Plant of the Western Electric Company. These studies "mark the beginning of an ideological revolution in management theory." The essence of this revolution was a focus on the organization as a social system. The Hawthorne studies, as they are called, established the informal group as a major explanation of behaviour in organizations and extended the conceptual horizons of organization theory to include a huge range of social- psychological variables.
He became Professor of Industrial Research at Graduate School of Business Administration of Harvard University. His major works are-The Human Problems of Industrial Civilization, The Social Problems of Industrial Civilization and The Political Problems of Industrial Civilization.
The First Inquiry: Mayo started his first experiment in the textile mill near Philadelphia in 1923. In the circumstances prevailing at that time, the mill provided all the facilities to the labour, was well organized. The company president who had been a colonel in the U.S. army gained respect from the employees since several of them were under his command before and during the First World War. The management was progressive and human but at the same time it faced some serious problems in the mule-spinning section of the mill. The general turnover of the employees was estimated at 5 per cent per year in all the branches except in mule-spinning section where the turnover was nearly 250 per cent. None was able to find out the reason for this large turnover. As a last resort the matter was referred to Harvard University. This was Mayo's first research study at Harvard and he named it "The First Inquiry'.
Mayo studied the problems of the mule-spinning department intensely from various angles and introduced rest periods with every team of pieces. The results were encouraging. The scheme was extended to all the workers to eliminate the problems fatigue. The workers evinced interest in the scheme and were pleased with the results. The symptoms of uneasiness disappeared, the labour turnover almost came to an end, production rose and the morale generally improved. Mayo even suggested some new schemes like stopping the spinning section completely for ten minutes, placed the control of rest periods squarely in the hands of workers which led to consultations among the workers. This brought a change in the outlook of supervisors and employees and all of them were satisfied with this new work culture.
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REFERENCES 1. Mayo Study 2. Public Management 3. India Today 4. Outlook 5. IIPA 6. Prashshika 7. The Hindu-Editorial.
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THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN POLICY MAKING
Aparna Ajith Ph.D Research Scholar, Dept of English, CURAJ, Kishangarh, Ajmer, India
ABSTRACT: Media play a quintessential role in the daily life of an ordinary human being. In the hegemony created by smart phones, selfie sticks, social networking sites comprising face book, twitter etc, and media have given priority for trivial incidents these days. In the hustle bustle of the modern life, people find social media as their safe and quick source to express their opinions, criticisms and comments regarding the daily happenings around them. When new generation strives to express their viewpoints at the earliest on whatever issues, they try to impose their dominance over others and wish to become a hero. The online webs and portals have relegated the status of public opinion to gossips and scandals. My paper will begin by examining the role of media, The Fourth Estate in moulding the ―public opinion‖ and how it varies from the ―published opinion‖. The online, social and broadcast media have given way for conventional journalism and now it is the era of ―citizen journalism‖ and cut throat competition among individuals who try to become the content makers of the day. I would like to throw light upon the facts that constitute policy making like the identification of problem, policy recommendation, decision, implementation, evaluation and resolution.
Media corruption undermines Indian democracy and it‘s quite hard to say whether there exists any difference between fourth estate and real estate. What befalls at times is that media distort the news and we find difficult to make the truth out of that. In order to substantiate this view, I would like to quote the statement of P.Sainath, the renowned columnist and Magsaysay award winner who once opined ―if patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel, what the reader wants is the last refuge of every intellectually bankrupt editor on earth‖. The arena of media is corrupted like anything and their squalid approach is competent enough to portray wholesale lies as news. In this context, I would like to hint on paid news that can be called a double jeopardy for democracy. The cancer of corruption has penetrated into every nook and cranny of the world and at least media should take some initiatives to get rid of the danger as they are capable of creating a resonance in the minds of multitudes.
Media may be free politically but imprisoned by profit. It is the dire need of the hour to get rid of the anaemic role of media so as to bring forth quality news and content to the public free from all kinds of biases. The paper would also give an idea on the recent trends in media namely whistle blowing, trial by media, sting operation, corporate dominance and political party dominance. I like to conclude my paper with an optimistic note that qualitative changes will definitely happen in media in the nearby future and policy making area in these days of media convergence thereby proving that media will become a part and parcel of the wifi life of us and policy making.
KEYWORDS: Media, patriotism, broadcast, Journalism, recommendations.
INTRODUCTION Media play a pivotal role in the daily life of an ordinary human being. In the hegemony created by smart phones, selfie sticks, social networking sites comprising face book, twitter etc, and media have given priority for trivial incidents these days. In the hustle bustle of the modern life, people find social media as
64 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills their safe and quick source to express their opinions, criticisms and comments regarding the daily happenings around them. When new generation strives to express their viewpoints at the earliest on whatever issues, they try to impose their dominance over others and wish to become a hero. The online webs and portals have relegated the status of public opinion to gossips and scandals. Media exist in an evolving and difficult relationship with their audience, and indeed with institutions of the state. The relationship is dynamic in that it is evolving and changing and there is high possibility for various critical positions to coexist. When we closely examine the role of media, The Fourth Estate, we can understand their significance in moulding the ―public opinion‖ and how it varies from the ―published opinion‖. The power of media is so profound that it can attract and direct public attention, persuade in matters of opinion and belief, influence behaviour, structure definitions of reality, confer status and legitimacy, inform quickly and extensively. The online, social and broadcast media have given way for conventional journalism and now it is the era of ―citizen journalism‖ and cut throat competition among individuals who try to become the content makers of the day. The working life of media institutions has been revolutionized by new technology and people prefer ―new media‖ as it is less expensive, user friendly and easily available to them. The affinity for QWERTY keyboards and the stranglehold of MS-DOS operating system on PC computers have become an indispensable part in the life of youngsters. Their smartness to learn and memorize things are even done by their ―smart phones‖ thus making the jobs easier .There are numerous facts that constitute policy making like the identification of problem, policy recommendation, decision, implementation, evaluation and resolution.
Media corruption undermines Indian democracy and it‘s quite hard to say whether there exists any difference between fourth estate and real estate. Corruption is a phenomenon that occurs almost everywhere no matter whether it is the hand that rules the world or the subordinates of a small enterprise. If we have laws in India, there are ―in laws‖ to tackle them especially in the case of implementation. Most of our rules and laws remain in constitution, bills, records, newspapers and in other valuable paper. It is a matter of utmost pity that the world is prone to corruption and men are not satisfied with what they have and get. They go up to any extent to amass wealth for their selfish satisfaction albeit it harms his fellow citizen. What befalls at times is that media distort the news and we find difficult to make the truth out of that. In order to substantiate this view, let‘s quote the statement of P.Sainath, the renowned columnist and Magsaysay award winner who once opined ―if patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel, what the reader wants is the last refuge of every intellectually bankrupt editor on earth‖. The word ―mass media‖ is pronounced with grandeur but in reality where the masses are. It‘s time to ponder over the need of mass and how it influences these multitudes in the field of media. The arena of media is corrupted like anything and their squalid approach is competent enough to portray wholesale lies as news. In this context, we can talk about paid news that can be called a double jeopardy for democracy. This is a technique used by individuals, organizations, political parties and government to influence journalists and press for public opinion in their favour. They offer journalists perks and other attractive gifts to further and protect their interests and motives. This tendency is usually seen during election times creating a media war. As they provide only ―colored‖ information to the public, this can never result in meaningful discussion of public opinions at all. The cancer of corruption has penetrated into every nook and cranny of the world and at least media should take some initiatives to get rid of the danger as they are capable of creating a resonance in the minds of multitudes. When people wage war against one another during crisis, here in India, a 74 year old Gandhian, Anna Hazare has ignited a spark that brings a whiff of the freedom struggle back to a blaze middle class population. His urge to free India of the greatest evil, corruption is really praiseworthy. This fight against corruption staged at Jantar Mantar was not a one- man show. People from different parts of the country gave their support to him. It‘s really a matter of pride that millions are out there for a cause, not rioting, not 65 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills caught up in crime. The Delhi police are astounded. They say there have been 30 percent fewer murders and violent crime in the capital since Anna Hazare started his fast. The Indian Anti Corruption movement led by him ended with a positive note that the parliament of India enacted the Jan Lokpal bill .According to this, there will be a separate body to curb and delve deep into the monstrous face of India- corruption, where people will have the right to raise their voice against corrupt politicians. It upholds the spirit of constitution as its main aim is to bring forth a corruption free nation. The 2G spectrum scam case, Adharsh Bhavan Colony, common wealth games are the various issues which we have been listening in the last few years made India a laughing stock in the comity of nations. The country has had enough of a series of mind boggling corruption scams involving politicians and businessmen. With cable TV bringing this into every urban home, the entire country is aware of and disgusted by this kind of an act. The Bill envisions the creation of an independent authority that will make the bureaucrats and politicians accountable for their deeds. The media admire the government and the public attention and support garnered by them is quite incredible. Team Anna made the dream come true by their campaign and anti corruption bill is the real need of any country. Albeit it can‘t root out corruption entirely from our nation, they can bring to limelight the politicians creating shame for their fake fame as well as name. It can be said undoubtedly that media has done a commendable job in implementing bill as a preventive measure for corruption.
Media has made a mark with the trends like whistle blowing, paid news, sting operation and so on. Whistle blowing is basically giving a warning by providing information to higher authorities on a case of corruption in an organization or government department. The person who provides such information is called whistle blower. This is rather a positive trend. The names of Satyendra Dubey and Manjunath can never be forgotten as they are the martyrs of whistle blowing in India. The law makers in India have framed the Whistle Blowers protection Bill so as to ensure security to the information providers. The recent Vyapam (Vyavsayik Pariksha Mandal) scam whistle blowers Anand Rai, Ashish Pandey and Prashant Chaturvedi helped to uncover many crucial aspects of it at a great personal risk. Vyapam is entrusted with the responsibility of conducting large- scale competitive tests for admission to various professional courses and for recruitment to government jobs. The scam involved collusion among exam candidates, government officials and middlemen: undeserving candidates were offered high marks in the exams, in exchange for kickbacks. The following tricks were used by those involved in the scam.
In the case of Capital Punishment also, media created attention of the public. The master brain behind the attacks of 1993 in the city of Mumbai which was the target of unprecedented terrorist ambush, Yakub Memon‘s created a huge revolution in all social websites, online and broadcast media. Scathing criticisms were showered all over the world when he was accused after 20 years on 30 July 2015.Some consider it as a travesty of justice where as for some his hanging won‘t bring closure and sparing won‘t amount to betrayal either. Although a crime must be punished, there are moves from the Law Commission of India to abolish death penalty. When India retains capital punishment for some serious offences, people will definitely raise their suggestions via various media.
The impact of media in economic policy is notable. As in any country, India needs investment and employment. Politics plays a role here and government alone can‘t take a decision. Still, many remarkable changes have taken place in our economic and foreign policies due to the media. What is required is the tolerance and readiness to accept media. For instance, the vizhinjam project is going to be a reality after so much of the interference of media despite the hesitation of central government. Media echo the opinion of the masses and their influence is tremendous.
The role of media played a crucial part in the amendment of Indian Penal Code, Indian Evidence Act, and Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 on laws related to sexual offences. In the age of net-neutrality, we need 66 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills gender neutrality but not gender sensitivity. The Delhi Gang rape case that caught world attention in the name of Nirbhaya, the fearless, shook the human conscience because her life and death have come to symbolize women‘s struggle to end rape and the long held practice of blaming the victim rather than the perpetrator. Right from the time of Manu, the law maker, women are considered subordinate to men. Equality of status and opportunity can be called a matter of debate since time immemorial. Women are always labeled as the weaker and fairer sections of the society. Even though women are privileged for reservation in parliament and legislative sectors, there happens discrimination and their voice is marginalized. The male chauvinism hinders the women to prove their competence that the hand that rocks the cradle can rule the world very well. Most of the times, women are like subalterns and attacks and harassment on them are always on the increase. In the country of adult franchise, the life of a woman or a girl child is not safe even in bus or train or anywhere. Man fails to realize the sublimity of these lines from Manusmriti: ―Yatra naryastu pujyante ramante tatra devata, yatraitaastu na pujyante sarvaastatrafalaah kriyah‖ Which means where women are honoured, divinity blossoms there, and where women are dishonoured, all action no matter how noble remains unfruitful. Man considers woman as an object of sex, a child producing machine or a culinary apparatus. Even a child of two or three year old is raped these days by men and they don‘t have the qualm of conscience in their heinous act. When we boast of our culture, heritage and tradition, our people do many things which are completely contradictory to our ethics. Media play a great part in discussing these issues and act as a clarion call for reality to wake up from the male exploitation. The case which gathered the attention of multitudes all over the world like Nirbhaya has resulted in a rapid increase in the public discussion of crimes against women and statistics show that there has been an improvement in the number of women willing to file a crime report. The family of the victim recently established the Nirbhaya trust, an institute to assist women who have experienced violence to find shelter and legal assistance. Also the Government of India announced Nirbhaya fund in its 2013 union budget. This fund 10 billion corpus is expected to support initiatives by the government and NGO‘s working towards protecting the dignity and ensuring safety of women in India. The Ministry of Women and Child Development, along with several other concerned ministries work out the details of the structure, scope and the application of this fund. The Gang rape case of Delhi 2012 terrified the whole world and many debates and discussions and protests were held all over India and the world. Even a documentary film ―India‘s Daughter‖ was directed by Leslee Udwin .It was banned from you tube and all other sites within no time. The film has generated a great deal of controversy both in India and worldwide. Media played a commendable job in amending the laws and acts to safeguard women and her dignity. In this world of ―na sthree swathantryamarhati‖, women should not alteast be destined to pawn her chastity in front of the men who live with a rape and seducing mentality.
Media may be free politically but imprisoned by profit. It is the dire need of the hour to get rid of the anaemic role of media so as to bring forth quality news and content to the public free from all kinds of biases. Being the watchdog of the society, media should never try to become a blood hound. They should not take a dispassionate view in any problem because of the impact created on judiciary and even the democracy. Let‘s conclude with an optimistic note that qualitative changes will definitely happen in media in the nearby future and policy making area in these days of media convergence thereby proving that media will become a part and parcel of the wifi life of us and policy making.
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Role of Media in Policy Making
Smiti Padhi Research Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Rashtrasant Tuktoji Mahraj Nagpur University,Nagpur, India
ABSTRACT Following their study of presidential elections of 1968, 1972 and 1976 in the United States, Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw concluded that Mass Mediums are potent enough to transfer the salience of items on their agenda to the public agenda and that ―We judge as important what the media judges as important.‖
Be it Narendra Modi eventually turning into a metaphor for Bhartiya Janata Party, a two year old AAP coming to power in Delhi 2015 elections, the Anna Hazare campaign at Jantar Mantar or the Lok pal debate and the Sheena Bora murder case, issues debated and talked about among masses were more often than not, those that were covered extensively in Newspapers, TV channels and new media. Similarly, Media not only plays significant role in informing people about government‘s policies, but also helps in drawing and sustaining attention of masses towards them. Besides it can change the discourse around a policy debate, persuade or dissuade public for or against policies through framing.
It is unfortunate that, today many sensationalist and event driven news mediums in order to garner eye balls, boost circulation or increase TRPs, provide space and time to frivolous and superfluous issues, rather than covering important national policies and their various aspects which shall indeed help in nation building. This Research paper, based on secondary data and observation method, strives to explore both positive and negative side of the power in Mass mediums to influence the policy making process, though from outside the formal political sphere.
KEYWORDS:- Media, Policy making process, Framing, Sensationalism, Role
INTRODUCTION Media that for long have been instruments of diplomacy, or tools for shaping public opinion and discourse plays a significant role in influencing the policy making process. This is more so in democratic set ups like India. In the early years of Indian independence, due to high degree of political consensus, and also due to lack of autonomy of DD and AIR, the media had a marginal influence on the process of policy making. This influence of Media has increased after liberalization, privatization and globalization. The entry of foreign and private players into media has led to genesis of hundreds of local, regional and national channels in Hindi, English and other vernacular mediums .Again technological advancements have led to media convergence in the twenty first century, where masses carry variety on mass mediums in their pockets in form of android phones. The above stated statements convince us that today mass mediums in India have not only become all pervasive and potent, but also influence policy making more than ever before.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The main objective of this study is to study the role of Indian Media in policy making in twenty first century.
ROLE OF INDIAN MEDIA IN POLICY MAKING Realizing the power of Indian Media today we see how foreign and domestic governments try to influence opinion of our gatekeepers. Given the current fractious political atmosphere of the country we have variations in different policies and here the role of media comes in. It is the media which draws and prolongs attention of masses towards certain policies .Through binary, ‗for-and-against‘ debates, discussions, and articles etc; Media 68 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills often changes the discourse around a policy debate. Electronic Media channels clearly play the role of arbitrator and analyze contending policy solutions.
The change in this role of media in policy making is also because, unlike earlier times when media looked only up to the government for support, today it has corporate houses to supply them ad revenues. Again increasing literacy, awareness and maturity of Indian media also accounts for its enhanced influence over policy making today.
The majority of mainstream media consistently supported India –US civil nuclear deal, regarding co- operation in civil nuclear energy, barring a few. Because of which, despite criticism from the left and the right, the government could garner public support for the nuclear agreement.
Similarly, due to extensive coverage of the Anna Hazare campaign, especially by the electronic media channels, to bring a strong Lok pal bill to fight corruption and the issue of black money, the policies of government against corruption strengthened and got stringent.
The investigative journalism, extensive coverage, and sensitive reporting across majority of Indian mass mediums in the Delhi gang Rape case of December 2012, led to debating of the existing policies regarding the safety and security of Women in India. The strong public outcry and opinion forced the government to set up fast track courts, increase safety protection units of women across India and also pass stringent rape laws.
Media not only has the onus of informing masses of various policies of the government and highlight the role of different policy makers in the process of policy making, but also has the responsibility to take back the reactions of public back to the government.
It is pertinent to talk of the agenda setting theory given by Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw,who, after their study of the coverage of the United States presidential elections in 1968, 1972 and 1976 in 9 print and broadcast sources concluded that:- The Press and Media do not reflect reality; they filter and shape it Media concentration on a few issues and subjects leads the public to perceive those issues as more important than other issues.
CONCLUSION But today unfortunately many sensationalist and event driven media, give maximum of their time to frivolous and sensational stories, rather than covering issues in policy making or airing debates on important policy matter. The second roadblock before media, which stops it from playing a significant role in policy making, is poor literacy level of masses. General masses, especially the poor and underprivileged comprehend very little of the policy related issues and debates. This leads majority of TV channels to deviate from straight forward and significant issues towards dramatic and frivolous ones .Third issue of concern is foreign players‘ influence over Indian Media which they have and use media to their own benefit at the cost of India‘s advantage. But despite these aforementioned negative factors, since policy makers base their decisions on what they perceive as the mood of the nation and mass media play a major role in shaping public opinion, which again shapes policy agenda, Media undoubtedly has a pivotal role in influencing the policy making process.
REFERENCES http://www.thehindu.com/medias-impact -on-foreign-policy. http://www.ipcs.org/article/india/indian-news-media-does-it-have-an-impact-on-policy.
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Contributed Paper Sustainable Development and Role of Education
Vijay Pancharia1 and Arti Upadhyay2 *Research Scholar, Pacific University, Udaipur, India **Assistant Prof. (Economics), Biyani Group of Colleges, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT The increasing emphasis on sustainable management across the globe is a consequence of a growing awareness of modern society on the environment. Most societies want to achieve economic development to secure higher standard of living now and for future generation. They also seek to protect and enhance their environment, now and for their environment, now and for their children. Sustainable development tries to reconcile these two objectives. It also involves devising a social and economic system, which ensures that these goals are sustained, i.e. that real income rise, that education standards increase, that health of the nation improves, that general quality of life is advanced. The world‘s natural ecosystems are under increasing pressure to provide an expanding population with a sustainable supply of food, fiber, fuel and other commodities while still providing services related to biodiversity and clean water and air.
In the present study we have focused on the problem of economic sustainability and the role of education in achieving the sustainable development. The paper describes the importance of basic education prevailing in the optimum utilization of available resources.
KEYWORDS: Sustainable Development, Economic Sustainability, Education
INTRODUCTION Sustainable development is concerned with the development of a society where the costs of development are not transferred to future generations, or at least an attempt is made to compensate for such costs. It is curious to note that while we have difficulty envisioning a sustainable world, we have no difficulty identifying what is unsustainable in our societies. We can rapidly create a laundry list of problems- inefficient use of energy, lack of water conservation, increased pollution, abuses of human rights, overuse of personal transportation, consumerism, etc. But we should not blame ourselves because we lack a clear definition of sustainability. One of the original descriptions of sustainable development is endorsed to the Burndtland Commission: ―Sustainable Development is development that meets the need of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs.‖ (World Commission on Environment & Development.1987, Page 43). It is generally thought that sustainable development have three components, which are; environment, society and economy. The well being of these three areas is intervened, not separate.
ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY Economics is the study of how societies use scarce resources. Although the traditional emphasis has been on how resources are allocated, attention is increasingly paid to the equity of the distribution of resources and the overall scale of economic activity. This has been driven, in large part, by concerns about the environmental and social impact of economic decisions. Conversely, our choices in the environmental and social spheres have economic impacts. Economic sustainability is the term used to identify various strategies that make it possible to use available resources to their best advantages. The idea is to promote the use of those resources in a way that is both efficient and responsible, and likely to provide long term benefits.
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The economic crisis has already consumed significant resources which have been deployed to alleviate its negative impacts; however, it has also unveiled certain deficits that have been hidden so far. Future economic development requires an increased efficiency of public sector, while preserving the fundamental values of harmony and unity. The government should consider achieving & maintaining high quality of the environment, with the protection and rational utilization of natural resources while respecting the principle of sustainable development to be of utmost national concern.
FINDINGS True sustainability encourages the responsible use of resources. This involves not only making sure that the business is making profit but that the operation is not creating environmental concerns that could cause harm to the balance to the local ecology. It is said that education directly affects sustainability. An educated citizen is vital to implementing informed and sustainable development. But, unfortunately, the most educated nations leave the deepest ecological footprints. Generally, more highly educated people, who have higher incomes, consume more resources then poorly educated people, who tend to have lower incomes. In this case, more educated increases the threat to sustainability.
The figures from the United Nation Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Statistical Year Book & World Education Report, for example, show that in the United States more than 80% of the population has some post secondary education & about 25% of the population has a 4 year degree of university, statistics also shows that per capita energy use & rest generation in United States are nearly the highest in the world. Clearly, simply educating people to higher level is not sufficient for creating sustainability. The challenge is to raise the education level without creating an ever growing demand for resources & consumer goods. Meeting this challenge depends on reorienting curriculums to address the need for more sustainable production and consumption pattern. Every nation will need to re-examine curriculum at all levels (i.e., pre- school to professional education). While it is evident that simply increasing the basic literacy, which is currently taught in most countries, will not support a sustainable society.
On the second hand, it is also true that, education play a very important role in development of a nation & to sustainability as well. A higher education level is necessary to create jobs and industries that are having less environmental impact & more sustainable. The relationship between education &sustainable development is complex. Basic education is the key to nation‘s ability to develop & achieve sustainability targets. Research has shown that education can improve agricultural productivity, enhance the status of women, reduce population growth rate, enhance environmental protection & generally raise the standard of living. But the relationship is not linear. For example, 4 to 6 years of education is the minimum threshold for increasing agricultural productivity. Literacy allows farmers to adapt to new agricultural methods, cope with risk & respond to market signals. It also helps farmers to mix and apply chemicals (e.g. fertilizers & pesticides) according to manufacturer‘s directions, thereby reducing the risk to the environment & human health. Effect of education is greatest when the proportion of female educated to threshold level equals to that of males.
Education directly affects sustainability plans in the following two areas:-
1. IMPLEMENTATION A national sustainability plan can be enhanced or limited by the level of education attained by the nation‘s citizens. Nations with high illiteracy rates and unskilled work force have fewer development options. For the most part, these nations are forced to buy energy and manufactured goods on the international market with hard currency. To acquire hard currency, these currency need international trade; usually this leads to exploitation of natural resources or conversion of lands from self-sufficient family –based farming to cash
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–crop agriculture. An educated workforce is the key for moving beyond an extractive and agricultural economy.
2. DECISION MAKING Good community based decisions- which will affect social, economic and environmental well being- also depend on educated citizens. Development options, especially ―greener‖ development options, expand as education increases. For example, a community with an abundance of skilled labour and technically trained people can persuade a cooperation to locate a new information –technology and software development facility nearby. Citizen can also act to protect their communities by analyzing report and data that address community issues and helping shape a community response. For example, the citizens who were concerned about water pollution reported in a nearby watershed started monitoring the water quality of local streams. Based on their data and information found on the World Wide Web, they fought against the development of a new golf-course, which would have used large amounts of fertilizers and herbicides in maintenance of the grounds.
CONCLUSIONS Every nation need to re-examine curriculum at all levels (i.e. Pre-School to Professional Education) while it is evident that it is difficult to teach environmental literacy, as it is currently taught in most countries, will not support a sustainable society. A crucial and decisive instrument to ensure sustainable development is to concentrate economic efforts on consistent production which is in balance with social as well as environmental demands of society. The government can pay special attention to the utilization of available work force in regions with underdeveloped environmental infrastructure. The environmental policies should include implementation of programme to prevent climate change and mitigate its consequences as part of the measure adopted under the climate energy package by providing necessary organizational, economic, legislative and institutional conditions. Government use various instruments- including economic instrument such as pollution taxes, subsidies, marketable permits, performance bonds and so on…- to re-align market signals so that they promote environmentally responsible behaviour by all. These instruments often operate in tandem with mandated regulations and greatly impact sustainable development.
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Good Governance and Public Opinion: Role of Media
1Nitesh Saraswat and 2Rinu Saraswat 1 Associate Professor, Jagannath University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 2Faculty of Law, Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT Freedom of speech and expression is a fundamental right guaranteed by the Indian Constitution. The Evolution of the Indian society over the decades and freedom of press has been played an important role in Policy making by Government. Right to Information is one of the significant dimensions of Article 19 of Constitution of India. This is well established fact that media, through its dynamic approach impacts the society in forming opinions and making reasonable decisions. In other way we can say that Media plays an important role in Good Governance of the nation. In recent times Indian media has been subject to a lot of criticism for the manner in which they have disregarded their obligation to social responsibility. Dangerous business practices in the field of media have affected the fabric of Indian democracy. Post liberalization, transnational media organizations have spread their wings in the Indian market with their own global interests. This has happened at the cost of an Indian media which was initially thought to be an agent of ushering in social change through developmental programs directed at the non privileged and marginalized sections of the society. This article refers to the role of the media in policy making and good governance of democratic system of a country.
KEYWORDS: Media, Public Opinion, Democracy, Good Governance, Right to Information
INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Democracy is a government of the people, for the people and by the people and which gives equal chance to all the citizens to participate and play a significant role in the political process, ensures and guarantees certain rights and freedoms to the people constituting the policy. It is a form of government which is subject to popular sovereignty. Of the fundamental freedoms that the citizens enjoy, freedom of speech and expression is one of the most important ones as it gives substance and meaning to ‗participation‘ of the people.
Media came into existence in 1780 with the introduction of a newspaper namely ―The Bengal Gazette‖ and since then it has matured leaps and bounds. It has been playing a very important role in shaping human minds. Media is considered to be the 4th pillar of the society. The other three being legislative, executive and judiciary. It definitely plays an important role in the welfare of the society
A democratic system to run in its full potential need wide participation on the part of general masses which is impossible without the people being informed about the various issues. Thus reliable information sources form an important constituent of a democratic society. This is where the role and importance of media arises.
However, among all these developments there is a cause of concern. Is media fulfilling its responsibility towards the society? Is global mass media a threat to the democratic way of governance? Is media playing a greater role than merely providing information and entertainment?
FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EXPRESSION ―Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties‖ – John Milton ‗Freedom‘ means the absence of control, interference or restriction. Hence the expression ‗freedom of the press‘ means the right to print and publish without any interference from the state or any public authority. Since, in
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
India, freedom of expression is guaranteed by Art.19(1)(a) of the constitution, and it has been held by the Supreme Court16 that freedom of the press is included in that wider guarantee, it is unnecessary to plead for the freedom of the press in this country. Freedom of speech is not only guaranteed by the constitution of statutes of various states but also by various international conventions such as by Universal Declaration of Human Rights, European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights etc. These declarations discusses about the freedom of speech and expression.
It is important to note that liberty of one must not offend the liberty of others. Shastri J., in A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras case, it was observed that, ‗man as a rational being desires to do many things, but in a civil society his desires will have to be controlled with the exercise of similar desires by other individuals‘17. Banning of publication in any newspaper of any matter relating to any particular subject or class of subjects would be obnoxious to the right of free speech. It is certainly a serious encroachment on the valuable and cherished right to freedom of speech18. ‗It is the duty of the state to protect the freedom of expression since it is a liberty guaranteed against the state. The state cannot plead its inability to handle the hostile audience problem. It is its obligatory duty to prevent it and protect the freedom of expression‘19.
RIGHT TO INFORMATION Right to know, to information is other facet of freedom of speech. The right to know, to receive and to impart information has been recognized within the right to freedom of speech and expression. A citizen has a fundamental right to use the best means of imparting and receiving information and as such to have an access to telecasting for the purpose. The Right to Information Act, 2005, especially talks about people‘s right to ask information from Government official, which prohibits discloser of certain documents under section 8 of the Act. These exceptions are generally the grounds of reasonable restrictions over freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1) of Constitution of India. By saying we can conclude that ‗right to information is nothing but one small limb of right of speech and expression‘.
MEDIA AND INDIAN DEMOCRACY Media plays a crucial role in shaping a healthy democracy. It is the backbone of a democracy. Media makes us aware of various social, political and economical activities happening around the world. The political system in India is close in spirit to the model of liberal democracy. It is like a mirror, which shows us or strives to show us the bare truth and harsh realities of life. The media has undoubtedly evolved and become more active over the years. It is the media only who reminds politicians about their unfulfilled promises at the time of elections. T.V news channels excessive coverage during elections helps people, especially illiterates, in electing the right person to the power.
While discussing the dangers associated with the developments in media it needs to be said that media in India has also undertaken roles which have strengthened democracy. The media as a watchdog of the democratic system has unearthed its various shortcomings. Investigative reporting in print and television media has helped in exposing large scale corruptions which have robbed the nation. The Commonwealth Games Scam, the Adarsh Housing Society Scam, Cash for Vote Scam and the Bofors Scam are the highpoints of the Indian media. There have also been initiatives to promote community media for the citizens to air their concerns. Various television channels have also given the space for ordinary citizens to air their views in the form of citizen journalists thereby promoting democratic participation.
16 Express Newspapers v. Union of India, 1958 S.C. 578 (614). 17 1950 AIR 27, 1950 SCR 88 18 Virendra v. State of Punjab, AIR 1957 SC 896 19 1995 AIR 1236 M.P.Singh, Comparative Constitutional Law, „Free Speech in Germany‟, (Eastern Book Company, 2011), 193. 74 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
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MEDIA AND PUBLIC OPINION The media are frequently described as ―mirrors‖ as well as ―molders‖ of opinion. Every type of Media plays an important role in making a general public opinion. More than one public opinion can exist at the same time depends upon the type of society. A view or position must be expressed in the open in order to be a public opinion. The Political Spectrum Public affairs are those events and issues that concern the public at large. In its proper sense, public opinion includes only those views that relate to public affairs. People who have similar opinions on political issues are generally grouped on the political spectrum. The strong impact of television media is on children now days due to the large amount of time they spend with Television channels. The mass media include those means of communication that reach large, widely dispersed audiences simultaneously. Thus, mass media has a huge effect on the formation of public opinion, since it is deep rooted in the coming generation (children).
MEDIA AND GOOD GOVERNANCE Good governance is an indeterminate term used to describe how public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public resources. Governance is the process of decision making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented)‖20.Good governance is about the processes for making and implementing decisions. It‘s not about making ‗correct‘ decisions but about the best possible process for making that decision. The concept of ―good governance‖ centers on the responsibility of governments and governing bodies to meet the needs of the masses as opposed to select groups in society.
“If it were left on me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.” – Thomas Jefferson
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru called media ‗the watchdog of our democracy‟. This handed the media a huge responsibility in the functioning of our society. Thus media plays the role of communicator in democracy. They make people aware and conscious of their state of affairs by providing them with in depth insight on important issues concerning people. Though freedom of press is essential and indispensable for the successful functioning of the Indian democracy, it is very often silenced by the executive, gagged by the legislature, suppressed by judiciary, repressed and muzzled by the pressure groups.21
CONCLUSION The role of media in India, the largest democracy of the world is different from merely disseminating information and entertainment. Educating the masses for their social uplift, it is needful to be in its ambit as well. In a country where there is large scale poverty, unemployment and underdevelopment media has a responsibility towards developmental journalism. It has a role to play behind formation of public opinion which can force the political parties to address the core issues haunting the country‘s progress. It is thus referred as fourth pillar of democracy. However; public opinion can be manipulated by vested interests to serve their own goals. Good governance is an ideal system which is difficult to achieve in its totality. In other words, no country or society has ever said to achieve good governance in totality. Achieving the good governance requires the understanding and participation of every member of the society. The media, their significant roles, channels and contents, are considered to be the most powerful weapon to make this achievement a reality. In Indian democracy media has a responsibility which is deeply associated with the socio economic conditions. The present scenario is not quite encouraging and certain areas need to be addressed. Media organizations,
20 Bogart, L. (1995). Media and Democracy. In E. E. Dennis & R. W. Snyder (Eds.) Media & Democracy (pp. 6-8).USA: Transaction 21Jebaraj, P. (2010, November 24). Opinion: The spotlight is on the media now. The Hindu. Retrieved from http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article907823.ece
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills whether in print, audio visual, radio or web have to be more accountable to the general public. It should be monitored that professional integrity and ethical standards are not sacrificed for sensational practices. The freedom of press in the country is a blessing for the people. However, this blessing can go terribly wrong when manipulations set in. The self regulatory mechanism across media organizations need to be strong enough to stop anomalies whenever they occur. Agencies like Press Council of India need to be vigilant to stem the rot. Big media conglomerates are a serious threat. To counter this problem pluralistic media organizations which are financially viable need to be encouraged. Community participation is a goal that the media should strive for in a country like India.
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Managing the HR Function in Public Administration
1Dharmendra Kumar Verma and 2Darshana 1Assistant Professor-Sociology-Biyani Girls College, Jaipur, India 2Assistant Professor, Vinayak PG College, Sikar, India
ABSTRACT Human resource management in public administration concerns human resource management as it applies specifically to the field of public administration. It is considered to be an in-house structure that insures unbiased treatment, ethical standards, and promotes a value-based system. As the public sector has modernized and sought to become more efficient and cost-effective, the effective and strategic management of people has received increasing prominence and there have been calls for the HR function to play a more strategic role. The quality of human resources is a critical factor in the capacity of the government to deliver on its mandate. Human Resource Management (HRM) is critically important in that it ensures that human capital is well managed and that all issues relating to this resource are effectively dealt with. These issues include compensation, recruitment and selection, performance management, organizational development, safety, wellness, employee motivation, communication, administrative support and training. In this light, this paper investigates the effect of managing the HR function in Public administration. The findings highlight the complex and often contradictory nature of HR functional roles, and suggest that new and more strategic roles have not replaced traditional approaches but, rather, have been grafted on, giving rise to a variety of hybrid HR forms.
KEYWORDS: Public Administration, Disciplining Administration, Human Resource Management
INTRODUCTION The reform of structures, systems and processes within public services over the past 20 years has been well documented at an international level (Massey and Pyper, 2005; Skalen, 2004). The main purpose of these changes has been to increase the efficiency, cost-effectiveness and performance of public organizations, and has involved an increasing pressure from government on organizations to emulate private sector managerial practices, including performance management, customer orientation, and a heightened strategic focus (Boyne et al., 2004; Horton, 2003). Since salaries can amount to up to 80% of organizational costs in the public sector, the domain of human resource management (HRM) has received renewed attention under these reforms (Barnett et al., 1996). Potentially, it has been argued, improved human resource management could facilitate the recruitment and retention of valued staff, enhance organizational cost effectiveness and serve to promulgate a performance- driven culture through the adoption of a more strategic HR role (Bach and dellaRocca, 2000). Public administration is both an art and a science. It is not a single set of principles and concepts due to its socio- cultural context, its evolving intellectual content, and its tacit values. As a relatively new and applied field, public administration is constantly adapting to changing socio-political and economic conditions, and as a result is not easy to classify. The most popular approach to teaching public administration theory is to trace its evolution throughout time, putting different theories in their historical context. The pursuit of effective public sector administration may be explained as a series of ideas, each representing a step, or increment, towards a complete theory of public administration. Viewed over time, they have helped build a substantial reservoir of knowledge. Similarly, it is important to discuss theories and tenets of public administration from the viewpoint of their impact on the development of the field, the rhetoric that justified their embrace by the public, and the factors that shaped them. Human Resource Management is a long-established task within the Government's Management Framework. Through this task the Government meets its obligation to be a good employer; seeks to secure staff commitment; and develops and manages staff to give of their best to help the Government serve the
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills community. The need to respond to changing community expectations means that the task of managing our staff better is more important than ever - it is the staff who deliver the service, and it is through a new emphasis on staff management that a customer service and performance oriented culture will gradually evolve.
RESEARCH However, despite the acknowledged significance of HRM under New Public Management (NPM), evidence as to whether or not there have been any substantive changes in the role of the HR function remains both partial and inconclusive (Selden, 2005; Lupton and Shaw, 2001; Boyne et al., 1999). This paper contributes to this important debate over the reality of change in the public sector, and seeks to answer the question: is there any evidence that the role of the HR function in the public sector has become more strategic? Commerce with foreign nations is that more gold and silver shall come into the country as a result than goes out.‖ Accordingly, Justi argued that ―it must be made a fixed rule that nothing which can be produced at home shall be imported‖ and that ―necessary measures‖ must be ―adopted to promote production of those wares‖. Furthermore, according to Justi, ―those industries must be stimulated which will produce goods that foreign nations need‖. Also, Justi argued that mining should be encouraged since mines ―increase the treasure of the country with respect to the amount of gold and silver which they extract from the earth‖ (Stillman, 1995). However, cameralism differed from mercantilism in other countries in that its primary aim was the consolidation of the political and administrative power of princes.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Public administration is a subject of human inquiry with ancient roots. Contrary to present practice, the ancients were preoccupied with governance of public affairs as opposed to business, and very often, as in Greece, had disdain for commerce and management of business enterprise. Ancient empires created elaborate state structures, and effectively operated an apparatus overseeing huge territories. China gave the world the first civil service system some two thousand years ago, while the Roman Empire set the structures of governance (e.g., the organization of the executive branch into five main agencies) that many modern European states borrowed in their development (Ostrom, 1991). The study and systematic development of public administration in America, however, is only scarcely more than a century-old phenomenon. It is a field of study that continuously adapts- both in practice and theory-to the changing nature of the government in the twentieth century. Public administration is often characterized as an application of social and other sciences to public problems, thus bridging disciplines (Frederickson, 1976). Constantly trying to define itself, public administration draws from multiple sources, with an effort to reconcile often contradicting views. Coping with the perpetual „„identity crisis of the field (as coined by Dwight Waldo in the 1960s), and in search of answers that are in step with the times, academicians and practitioners of public administration have consistently reflected upon several key issues: Where does politics stop and administration begin? How can employees be led, motivated and protected (from political excesses)? How different is public management from private management? What is the necessary scope of government's services? What, and how much, should be centralized or decentralized? How can the public sector achieve efficiency and effectiveness, at the same time balancing those concerns with equity in service delivery? Who should govern, and what is the role of experts and expertise in the process of governance? What is the nature of public interest, if indeed there is one? Some such questions pertain to the realm of political theory that underlies the field, while others refer to more pragmatic concerns of the applied practice of public administration. During the evolution of American public administration, these questions were often framed through public discourse in a much simpler, sharper and sometimes conflicting pattern, often rejecting an established mentality or casting it in dichotomous terms (i.e., administration is different from politics, public management is different from private management), and often used as powerful rhetoric to advance the development of the field (Roberts, 1994). In some form or another, during the century-long development of
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American public administration theory, key issues were always articulated by scholars of administration from different perspectives. Although never receiving simple and final answers in administrative studies, several ideas caught the spirit of the times. Catalyzed by events and problems which caught the public attention, such ideas were able to command significant amounts of scientific effort and advocacy, and each marked an era in the evolution of the field. For example, Frederick Taylor's system (of industrial shop management was viewed by Progressives, such as Louis Brandeis, who coined the term „„scientific management) as a means to improve productivity of the railroads, and therefore help prevent fare increases. Following congressional hearings on Taylor's methods, which resulted in their banishment from the federal government, Taylor and others continued to publicize the concepts of scientific management, which were widely embraced by many in the private sector.(Wren,1994) Similarly, the pioneering work of Whiting Williams in developing the human relations model (i.e., industrial sociology) in the 1920s did not take hold until the social sciences were an established, significant field of study in the 1930s, at which point the academic credentials of researchers at Harvard and M.I.T. made the case for that model through the Hawthorne studies.
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Human Resource Management is a planned approach to managing people effectively for performance. It aims to establish a more open, flexible and caring management style so that staff will be motivated, developed and managed in a way that they can and will give of their best to support departments' missions (Quinn, 1988).
Human Resource Management is a long-established task within the Government's Management Framework. Through this task the Government meets its obligation to be a good employer; seeks to secure staff commitment.
REFERENCES 1. Public Administration - Mayo 2. Public policy 3. Outlook
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Role of Public Administration in the Development of a Country
Inderjeet Singh Research Scholar, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M.P., India
INTRODUCTION Public administration has a very important role to play in order to drive the organization and the society on the path of development. It is one of the main organisational pillars for delivering an ever widening range of public services and goods to an ever multiplying and diverse citizenry in a changing complex environment with new challenges ahead. As in case of the Indian organization and other financial institutions are still operating as per the old paradigms. Change is required to create the capacity effectively to deliver what societies expect from the public/private organization. In the last few years there are several changes being observed in the field of Public Administration and Development, these changes are like the innovations at the local, national and global level to improve public administration and in this regard every HR practitioner needs to that how these innovations are helpful in order to tackle the current and future challenges in creating effective, efficient, accountable and transparent public administrations.
For the last few years India has achieved considerable results in certain areas of development, and its public administration has played a key role in this process. The economy has increased several-fold, and poverty has been reduced up to a certain level but the country is still facing many challenges related to development like corruption, inequality and environmental unsustainability. There is also a great demand for more power to local governments and civil society, building human resources capabilities in public administration, strengthening partnerships with nongovernmental sectors and effectiveness in aid and investments in other countries, popularly known as Public Private Partnership.
GLOBAL TRENDS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT In the current scenario only the framing of the policy is not sufficient, other Asian countries like China, India, etc. Are moving towards the fixation of the accountability and responsiveness. Most of the developing countries built up their independent national bureaucracies; they also had to create different kinds of local governments or authorities. This gave rise to the decentralization and in turn the decentralization processes still need a role for the central authority to make local entities effective and accountable with a framework of common standards. As in case of the developing countries the structure of the public administration require a large amount of money so as to reform and establish the same, this comes from the BRICS development bank (the New Development Bank–NDB) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). Other issues like the global warming and human rights, has introduced new challenges into public administration. Many of the drivers of decision-making are now global and require melding with domestic interests, the domestic public administration entities to be permeable and responsive to international issues, as appropriate.
ISSUES OF CONCERN Three of these main issues are briefly discussed as follows: 1. Public ethics and integrity In case of the developing countries like India and China the structure of good governance was not well developed, still the menace of corruption and government inefficiency are prevailing because of the non-
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transparent government operations, a traditional culture of favouritism and ineffective law enforcement systems. 2. Government–civil society links Civil autonomy has been an imported concept for Asian countries. The burgeoning Asian economy, increasing domestic and international population mobility, vast change of family and social structures and new social media and communication brought in unprecedented societal complexity and diversity. 3. Financial stability and regulation From 1997 to 2008 the Asian countries including India, have undergone various financial crisis which held back the steps of Asian countries from the financial stability. The recent 2008 Global Economic Crisis again tested governments‘ capacities to respond to crisis by comprehensively employing fiscal, financial and industrial policies.
CONCLUSION Even though the Asian countries have made some advances globally, there is still a huge state capacity deficit in traditional areas of public administration (e.g. education and budget) in many developing countries. Moreover, we are witnessing a deficit in other areas, as many developing societies cope with unprecedented public policy challenges such as environmental degradation including climate change, human rights abuses, health emergencies (e.g. Ebola, AIDS and SARS), equity and equality including gender, natural disasters, ageing social security in ageing societies, rural out-migration and urban sprawl, mass immigration and emigration, managing change in multiethnic contexts, peace and security and public service ethics and trust.
REFERENCES 1. Berman E. 2015. HRM in development: lessons and frontiers. Public Administration and Development 35(2): 113–127. 2. Collins P. 2012. Introduction to the special issue: the global anti-corruption discourse–towards integrity management? Public Administration and Development 32(1): 1–10. 3. Gao J. 2015. Performance measurement and management in the public sector: some lessons from research evidence. Public Administration and Development 35(2): 86–96. 4. Guess GM, Ma J. 2015. The perils of fiscal decentralization for PFM risk assessment: the case of Chinese local governments‘ debts. Public Administration and Development 35(2): 128–139. 5. Haque MS, Ko K. 2013. The conference on ―Knowledge-building in Asia Public Administration‖. Public Administration and Development 33(4): 239–242. 6. Ma J. 2009. If you can‘t budget, you can‘t govern–a study of China‘s state capacity. Public Administration and Development 29(1): 9–20. 7. Stiglitz JE, Sen A, Fitoussi J-P. 2009. Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress. 8. Stren R, Cameron R. 2005. Metropolitan governance reform: an introduction. Public Administration and Development 25(4): 275–284.
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Geographical Resources and Environment
Rajesh Yadav Asst. Professor, Dept. of Geography, Biyani Girls College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT Resources Relationship between human action and the physical environment from a human perspective, the physical environment comprise a large collection of Resources available for people to use. And I observe three important misuses of Resources "First is" Human beings deplete the supply of scarce resources, especially for energy production. "Second is Human being destroying resources through pollution, and "third is" Human beings fail to make full use of needed resources, especially to increase the global food supply.
KEYWORDS: food supply, misuses, energy production, perspective
INTRODUCTION A Resource is a substance in the physical environment that has value of usefulness to human beings and is economically feasible and society acceptable to use. A substance is a Resource if people know about it and posses the technological means to obtain and use it.
With his technological and scientific skills man has made rapid developments in agriculture, irrigation, mining, industry, transportation, forestry land management, and other areas, unfortunately in doing so, there has been much disruption of the functioning of natural environment. The world commission on environment and development opines that "the future is to face ever-increasing environmental decay poverty, hardship and an even more polluted world.
Mega technology has created problems of waste disposal and industrial revolution has become a great hazard to the environment as well as to humanity.
OBJECTS ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION All world are face the problem of Environmental Degradation but natural environmental system remains in a state of equilibrium through an inbuilt self regulatory mechanism know as "homeostatic mechanism. But are world human an extent that it degrades beyond restoration.
And the following anthropogenic processes cause environment degradation:
First is - Industrial expansion and urbanization. Second is - Natural Resource Degradation like - soil, Air are polluted. Third is - Mining and extracting minerals Resources. Fourth is - Manipulation of environmental process e.g. closed seeding for inducing precipitation.
CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION Human's activities are the main causes of environmental degradation and the modern technological & economic man has been largely responsible for the "rape of the earth and over population, urbanization and initialization has contributed to environmental degradation.
EFFECT OF THE RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL Some of the thus misuse of Natural Resource and Environment so many problems are their like:-
82 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills i) Deforestation: Deforestation effect drastic environment change that alter temperature conditions and
water balances and release of CO2 and other gases to the atmosphere. ii) Desertification: Means the spread of desert like landscapes into arid and semi-arid environments.
MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Some are the natural resources like Water, Soil, Minerals, Power Resources, and Population.
Water Management: air, water is the most important constituent of life support system. Water is a replenishable resource. Using water much more efficiently. Reclamation of sewerage water. Developing ground water resource. Rain making water pollution control.
Management of Marine Resources: The Ocean is common property resources cannot be managed by a single individual or nation.
Marine Pollution Problems: Three major sources of marine pollution - oils spills, hazardous material spices, and ocean dumping. Many major transportation accidents involving oil tankers have occurred and transportation of hazardous materials on high seas in increasing as developed nation seeks now options for the disposal of their hazardous industrial wastes.
CONCLUSION Recent time all the world are face the misuse of Natural Resource and Environment so many problems are their but we can "Optimum" uses of Natural Resource and conservation. So many resources are little and so all worlds are responsible in natural resource.
REFERENCES 1. The book of "Resource Geography" Alka Gautam and Volume No. I, Page 43, 46 2. The Journal of "Geography and You" 3. The book of Resource Geography of "Koshik", Volume-IV, Page 292. 4. Some other magazine like of science report and Pratiyogita Darpan.
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Study of Marble Industries in Kishangarh and Soil Pollution by Marble Slurry
1Sarina Kalia and 2Inderajeet Ratawal 1Associate Professor, Department of Geography University of Rajasthan, Jaipur (Raj.) 2Research scholar, Department of Geography University of Rajasthan, Jaipur (Raj.) Email- [email protected]
ABSTRACT Kishangarh is a biggest Marble cluster of India. In the present study marble industries soil pollution by marble slurry was taken from the industrial site situated in Kishangarh. Soil texture is determined by the size of constituent particles which have been named differently by the international society of soil science. From these industries slurry powder is come out from the earth and mixed with soil. Slowly soils upper strata become destroy from this slurry.
KEYWORDS: Marble industries, Marble Slurry,Soil pollution
INTRODUCTON Rajasthan is known as mineral majestic State as it produces more than 65 types of mineral and rocks. The State is endowed with vast deposits of natural rocks known as ―stones‖ in local parlance and a few important ones amongst them are Granite, Marble, Sandstone, Limestone, Slate and Quartzite. Marble Industry is now one of the most important industries in Rajasthan. Rajasthan produces over 95% of the marble produced in India. The Kishangarh region is one of the very productive areas of Rajasthan as far as mineral wealth is concern, particularly the marble (biggest market for Marble cutting and selling), minerals (lime rocks, ceramic mineral etc.) and mineral based industries(grinding and polishing of various minerals, cement pipe making industries, chips and powder making). Recently, name of the Kishangarh famed due to the newly constructed eight lanes Express Highway (Nation Highway No. 8), construction of SEZ, airport and colonial developments nearby. Thus, this area is identify the mineral wealth, ground water resources, & rather monitor the wasteland where it has been formed due to human inter-ference rather than due to natural causes.
The area under research of Kishangarh Tehsil is the part of Ajmer district and is located in the heart of Rajasthan, Kishangarh lies about 30 K.M. on the North-East of Ajmer. The selected study area falls between 260 15‘ to 270 0‘ North latitudes and 740 30‘ to 750 15‘ East longitudes in the Survey of India toposheets no. 45/J and 45/N on scale of 1:250000 and toposheets no. 45 J/9, 45 J/10, 45 J/13, 45 J/14, 45 J/15, 45 N/1, 45 N/2, 45 N/3 on the scale of 1:50000. The study area bounded by Nagaur district in the northern part, Sarwar and Nasirabad tehsil (District Ajmer) in the southern part, Jaipur district in the eastern part and Ajmer tehsil and Nagaur district in the western part. The present work is carried out, using Toposheets of the scale of 1:250000 & 1:50000 and satellite imagery of the area.
At Kishangarh there are 600 Gangsaw established mfg. marble & tiles. More then 9000 marble seller unites are here. Another main enterprises are of marble cutting & crazy. The environmental degradation of the land due to marble mining is much less than the environmental degradation caused by the waste from marble processing plants. The processing waste of marble cutting plants comes out in the form of 'Marble Slurry'. This marble slurry is being dumped by the processing plants at the nearest site available or in the notified areas marked for
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills dumping near the plants. When this slurry dries up, it leads to serious environmental pollution. Soil is an important part of environment. Soil originates from rocks. It develops gradually by the fragmentation and corrosion of rocks and with the accumulation of organic matter. Soil formation may require 2,000 to 20,000 years but soil differentiation from the parent material may take place in a short time of 30-50 years. Many kind of soil present on the earth and earlier that was pure but due to urbanization and industrializations in India so many chemical contents mixed with these soils from atmosphere. One example of this is marble industries in India. Kishangarh in Ajmer Distt. (Rajasthan) is the main area of marble industries. From these industries slurry powder (A by product of marble) is comes out and mixed with soil.
MATERIALS AND METHOD:- The soil texture is determined by the size of constituent particles which have been named differently by the international society of soil science.
Soil texture: Since soil influence the flora and fauna of the area its texture is of considerable ecological interest. Soil formed with various integration of soil particles of the following main type:
Sandy soils: Mainly consist of sand particles. These are loose dry and poor in nutrients. The water holding capacity of such soil is poor.
Table: 1
S. No. Name of Particles Diameter of particles 1 Gravel 2.00 mm and more 2 Coarse sand 2.00 mm to 0.2 mm 3 Fine sand 0.2 mm to 0.02 mm 4 Slit 0.02 mm to 0.002 mm 5 Clay below 0.002 mm
Clay soil: Chiefly consist of clay particles. The clay particles are of colloidal dimensions. They have high plasticity and posse‘s high water holding capacity. Clay particles have very small interspaces between them so that neither water nor aur can circulate freely. Such soils on getting water become water logged. Thus they are not suitable for plant growth.
Loam soil: Loam soils have sand, silt and clay particles in more or less equal proportions. Such soils are the most suitable for plant growth.
Sand loam soil: Sand loam soils are those soils in which sand particles predominate.
Table: 2 List of slurry mix particles
S. No. Name of Particles Diameters of Particle 1 Gravel with slurry 0.1 mm to 2.00 mm. 2 Coarse sand with slurry 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm 3 Fine sand 0.20 mm to 0.02 mm. 4 Slit 0.02 mm to 0.002mm. 5 Clay below 0.002 mm.
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Clay loam soil: Clay loam soils have a predominance of clay particles. Both sandy and ciay loam soils are suitable for plant growth.
Silt loam soil: Have predominant of silt. On getting water, silt loam becomes water logged with poor air circulation. Such soils are not suitable for plant growth.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The environmental degradation caused by the waste from marble processing plants. Soil contains a variety of elements, chemical compounds and mineral, oxygen, aluminum, silicon, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and iron, chlorides, sulphates and oxides are usually present in the soil. Certain trace elements like cobalt, iodine, cadmium, arsenic, zinc and barium are also present in the soil. Soils of different places very in their pH value, soil with pH 7.0 are neutral while the pH above 7.0 indicates alkalinity and that below 7.0 indicates acidity. Generally the pH value of soil lies between 2.2 and 9.6 depending upon the pH values. Soil may be neutral acidic or alkaline. From these industries slurry powder is come out from the earth and mixed with soil. Slowly soil‘s upper strata become destroy from this slurry. Slowly soil‘s upper strata become destroy from this slurry. Areas with dumped slurry cannot support vegetation. After drying, the finer fraction of slurry becomes airborne and causes serious air pollution which is not only detrimental to human beings but also to vegetation and machinery. The dust spread over the atmosphere due to this marble powder is very injurious of health as it is a main cause of Asthma and other lung infections in that area. The TIFAC (Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council) in collaboration with Regional Research Laboratories and Central Building Research Institute ( CBRI ), Roorkee, have found many uses of slurry by developing masonry cement, distempers, tiles, cellular concrete, gypsum plaster- based plane/fibre-reinforced boards and blocks.
REFERENCES Brayn RB (1981). Soil erosion and conservation in man and environmenalt processes edited by KJ Gregory and DE Walling Butter Worth 207 221.
Lodha RM (1992). Study on the soil pollution and the human environment, Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi.
Pujari GK and Sinha BK (1999). Studies on the water and soil quality of some villages of Altamira area irrigated by Bargaeh main canal of Orissa. Journal of Environment & pollution 6(1) 71-76.
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Initiatives for Sustainable Resource Management to Good Governance and its Impact on Living Standard of Human Beings
Sweta Kumari Research scholar, Department of Public Policy Law and Governance, Central University of Rajasthan Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Development is used differently in diverse context. Generally speaking development implies a change that is desirable. Society is dynamic, and so, what is desirable at a particular time, place and in particular culture may not be always desirable at other places or at other times at same place and in the same culture milieu. Therefore, it is impossible to think a universally acceptable definition of development. The concept of sustainability has the become need to any type of development in the 21st century. Sustainable resource management is a activity or process suggested that how improve the quality of human life in limited resources.
KEYWORDS: sustainability, resource, development, universal, culture milieu
INTRODUCTION Generally, a resource is anything that fulfils human needs such as materials, energy, services, staff, knowledge, or other assets that are transformed to produce benefit and in the process may be consumed or made unavailable. There are basically three type of resource. These are - natural resources, human resources & capital resources. Natural resources are anything comes from nature. Human Resource is anything people working to produce goods and services. And capital resource is goods produced and used to make other goods and services.
The concept of sustainability has the become need to any type of development in the 21st century. The concept of sustainable originated with the 1980 world conservation strategy of the international union for conservation of nature and nature resources (IUCN). The IUCN advanced sustainability as a strategic approach to the integration of conservation and department consistent with the objectives of;22 (i) ecosystem maintenance (ii) the preservation of genetic diversity (iii) sustainable utilization of resources.
Prior to the release of the famous report ―Our Common Future‖ in 1987, it sufficed to define sustainability in consonance with the definition of sustain -- ―to keep in existence, maintain, prolong.‖ After the Brundtland Commission (World Commission on Environment and Development) was created, a new definition emerged that successfully ensconced sustainability in the development arena. According to Brundtland Commission definition sustainability as- development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.‖
There are key aspect of sustainable development relate to an understand of: (i) environment (ii) development (iii) societies (iv) linkage.
Environment refers to not only biophysical, natural domain but also socio economic and political all human aspect that constitutes a global environment for which there is independent, world ecology. Development means not only economic development but also whole department of human beings includes environmental development and equitable growth.
22 Smith L Graham (2014) Impact Assessment and Sustainable Resource Management; Routledge publications
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Society is a group of people which is an interdependent, world community reliant a single biosphere wherein global economic growth can‘t succeed with an uneven distribution of wealth. And linkages among poverty, livelihood, inequality, deprivation, environmental degradation.
So from above the discussion it has been cleared that environment, development, society are closely related to each other.
Sustainable resource management is an activity or process suggested that how improve the quality of human life in limited resources. Resources are the backbone of every economic development and provide two mainly basic functions: (i) raw materials production for goods and service and (ii) environmental services. A common classification of natural resources as a given below (de Zeeuw, 2000, in EC-DG Environment 2002)23
(a) Non renewable and non recyclable resources such as fossil fuel (b) Non renewable but recyclable resources such as minerals (c) Quickly renewable resources such as fish (d) Slowly renewable resources such as forest (e) Environmental resources such as air, water and soil (f) Flow resources such as solar and wind energy.
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND GOOD GOVERNANCE First of all in this sentence two words are available for the discussion first one is ‗governance‟ and second one is ‗management‟. Here, Governance is "the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented or not implemented by any organization".24 The term governance can apply to corporate, international, national, local governance or to the interactions between other sectors of society.
And management concerns Management concerns the day-to-day operation of the program within the context of the strategies, policies, processes, and procedures that have best established by the governing body. Whereas governance is concerned with ―doing the right thing,‖ management is concerned with ―doing things right.‖ 25
Good governance is an indeterminate term used in international development literature to describe how public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public resources. The concept of good governance has gained prominence in development programs over the Past decade. Accountability and transparency are the main basic principles of good governance.
Generally this is found about transparency at the national and International level that natural resource development is particularly vulnerable to corruption. Natural resources may be a major source of revenue and opportunities for any country to foster its sustainable economic and social change as well as development and achieve internationally agreed development goals, including the MDG‘s.
Mobilization of domestic revenue from resource exploitation can also enable a country to invest in its infrastructural network and basic services such as healthcare and education. However, without the right set of
23 Maria Adlina Mensah and Castro Luciana Camargo (Nov, 2004) sustainable resource use and development A Contradiction?! Center development research Boon university 24Yap Kioe Sheng; What is Good Governance? UNESCAP
25 This distinction is attributed to Robert Tricker: “The role of management is to run the enterprise and that of the board is to see that it is being run well and in the right direction.” Robert I. Tricker, 1998, Pocket Director, p. 8. 88 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills policies, accountability frameworks and governance systems to manage and use these resources, the outcome could lead to rent-seeking and conflict.26 For instance, widespread price transfer, tax avoidance, bribery and patronage in the natural resource sector have the potential to undermine democracy and the rights of citizens and host communities including indigenous peoples.
SUSTAINABLE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON LIVING STANDARDS OF HUMAN BEINGS Sustainable resources management is a very tough task in 21st century because we have limited resources. Every person badly affected from limited resources. Many basic resources are strained by our current population:
Food and water are basic requirements of human beings to livelihood. No any person can survive without food and water. One billion people, one out of every seven people alive, go to bed hungry. Every day, 25,000 people die of malnutrition and hunger-related diseases. Almost 18,000 of them are children under 5 years old. Food production and distribution could catch up if our population stopped growing and dropped to a sustainable level.
According to UNICEF, every year 1 million children under five die due to malnutrition related causes in India. The statistics are alarming, and far above the emergency threshold for acute malnutrition (as per WHO classification of the severity of malnutrition).27 India tops malnutrition chart in south Asia. About one billion people lack access to sufficient water for consumption, agriculture and sanitation. Aquifers are being depleted faster than they can be replenished. Melting glaciers threaten the water supply for billions.
Third limited and basic requirement of human is air. In many regions of the country, childhood asthma rates have risen dramatically in the past 20 years. The problems are not limited to the industrialized countries with their automobiles and factories. Children in undeveloped countries, where people depend on burning wood and dung for their heat and cooking, are also at risk.
Oil and gas are the underpinnings of what is, historically-speaking, the extremely cheap and fast transportation that today's huge population depends on. Imagine how we could feed and supply our huge cities if all the hauling was done in horse-drawn carts and sailing ships.
The ozone layer is a region of concentrated molecules of a form of oxygen (O3) high above the earth. Without it there would be no life as we know it here because the UV rays from the sun can be very harmful. But various chemicals from human industries, especially chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), destroy ozone over the course of years. Some of the most dangerous ones have been banned in many countries, which have slowed their rate of increase in the atmosphere, but they are very long lasting and will continue to deplete the ozone layer for many years. Currently the layer is being destroyed at a rate of about 4% per decade.
Most of the environmental damage being seen in the last fifty odd years is because of the growing number of people on the planet. They are cutting down forests, hunting wildlife in a reckless manner, causing pollution and creating a host of problems. Those engaged in talking about overpopulation have noticed that acts of violence and aggression outside of a war zone have increased tremendously while competing for resources.
26 Transparency and accountability in natural resources management and www.undp.org 27 The Times Of India,5 Jan 2015 89 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
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Rise in the number of vehicles and industries have badly affected the quality of air. Rise in amount of CO2 emissions leads to global warming. Melting of polar ice caps, changing climate patterns, rise in sea level are few of the consequences that we might we have to face due to environment pollution.
Overpopulation in developing countries puts a major strain on the resources it should be utilizing for development. Conflicts over water are becoming a source of tension between countries, which could result in wars. It causes more diseases to spread and makes them harder to control.
SUGGESTIONS TO ENHANCE SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Overpopulation is a big constrain to sustainable development. So we have to need focus on how control it. It can be controlled through better education. Educating the masses helps them understand the need to have one or two children at the most. Families that are facing a hard life and choose to have four or five children should be discouraged. Making people aware about limited resources. Making aware the people helps them understand the need to have how to they manage their resources to present and future time.
CONCLUSION Development is used differently in diverse context. Generally speaking development implies a change that is desirable. Society is dynamic, and so, what is desirable at a particular time, place and in particular culture may not be always desirable at other places or at other times at same place and in the same culture milieu. Therefore, it is impossible to think a universally acceptable definition of development. The concept of sustainability has the become need to any type of development in the 21st century. Sustainable resource management is an activity or process suggested that how improve the quality of human life in limited resources.
90 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
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uhfr fuekZ.k esa ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk vfer oekZ lgk;d O;k[;krk] fc;kuh xYlZ dkWyst] t;iqj] jktLFkku lkjka'k fdlh Hkh yksdrkfU=d ns’k ds vUnj ehfM;k dk fo’ks"k ;ksxnku gS] ftlesa ehfM;k fopkjksa o lans’kksa dks vke turk rd igq¡pkus dk dke djrk gSA vkt ds nkSj esa ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk uk flQZ turk dks tkx:d djuk gS] vfirq mls ljdkj rd igq¡pkuk gks x;k gSA ehfM;k fdlh Hkh uhfr fuekZ.k ds 'kq:vkrh pj.kksa ls gks ;k uk gks] ysfdu og ,ts.Mk fuf’pr djus esa t:j lgk;d gksrk gSA csjYlu] ytjQs.M vkSj eSdihl (Bereleson, Lazarsfeld and Mcphees) 1954 dh vxj ckr djsa rks bu erksa ds nkSjku ehfM;k us vusdksa uhfr fuekZ.k ds eqn~nsa mBk,A esd dksECl vkSj 'kkW ¼1972½ (Mc Combs and Shows) ds vuqlkj ehfM;k us yksxksa dks vkdf"kZr fd;k vksj lkekU; yksxksa dh :ph ds vuqlkj ^U;wt doj* fd;kA ehfM;k dk lh/kk lEcU/k turk ls gS] ftlesa og tulapkj ds }kjk lwpukvksa dks nsrs g, uhfr fuekZ.k esa lgk;d gksrs gSA ifjp; fdlh Hkh yksdrkfU=d ns’k esa ehfM;k dk uhfr fuekZ.k ds lkFk gh ,d cM+s tulewg dks lacaf/kr djrs gq, lekt dks f’kf{kr ,oa tkx:d djrs gq, uhfr fuekZ.k esa Hkkxhnkjh nsuk gksrk gsA Hkkjr esa ehfM;k dqN lkyksa esa cgqr gh 'kfDr’kkyh gks x;k gS ,oa ehfM;k dks gekjs ;gk¡ yksdra= dk pkSFkk LraHk ekuk x;k gSA vkSj bldk lewfpr :i esa o.kZu fczfV’k dky ds usrk ,Meq.M cjds (Edmund Burlce) us fd;k FkkA ns’k ds izFke iz/kkuea=h tokgj yky usg: us Hkh ?kks"k.kk dh Fkh fd eSa ,d Loraa= iszl O;oLFkk pkgrk gWw¡] ftlls gekjk ehfM;k etcwr cusA vkt ds nkSj ds vuqlkj foKku ,oa rduhdksa ds ek/;e ls ehfM;k 'kfDr’kkyh :i esa gekjh ikWdsV esa miyC/k gks x;k gSA vkt gj O;fDÙk ds ikl ysiVkWi] eksckby] bUVjusV ds lkFk og gj ,d fefuV dh [kcj j[krk gS ,oa Lo;a ds lkFk lekt dks tkx:d djrk gS] ftldk mnkgj.k ,aMªkW;M IysVQkWeZ gSA gky gh esa fiNys dqN o"kksZa ls ehfM;k dk dbZ eqn~nksa dks mBkus esa vge ;ksxnku jgk gSA pkgs og fnYyh xSax jsi] 2012 gks] 2th ?kksVkyk] dkWeuosYFk ;k vUuk gtkjs dk bf.M;k vaxsLV djI’ku eqn~nkA gj ,d eqn~nsa dks ehfM;k us cM+s Lrj ij mBk;k gS] rkfd gj ukxfjd tkx:d gksA LoSfPNd lsokfuo`fÙk ekeyk 'khuk cksgjk eMZj] tsfldk gR;kdkaM lHkh dks ehfM;k us mNkyk gSA ehfM;k tc ls fMftVykbZTM gqvk gS] rHkh ls uhfr fuekZ.k esa rsth vkbZ gSA U;wt isij] pSuYl ds lkFk gh osc ikWVZy] CykWx] esXthu ,oa tuZYl ds dkj.k ehfM;k 91 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills etcwr gqvk gSA igys gekjs ikl flQZ DD ,oa AIR Fkk] ftlds dkj.k dbZ eqn~nsa turk ds lkeus gh ugha vk ikrs FksA ysfdu vkt gj U;wt isij dh gSMykbu] Vhoh pSuyksa dh LØhu ij gksus okys iSuy fMLd’ku ,oa CykWx ikWVZy dh [kcj turk dks fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA pkgs og vkj{k.k eqn~nk gks] jktuhfr gks ;k lqj{kk ls lEcfU/kr A dqN lkyksa esa ehfM;k us lht Qk;j ds eqn~ns mBkus 'kq: fd;s ftlds dkj.k lqj{kk lEcU/kh izko/kku fd;s x;s vkSj lsuk vf/kdkfj;ksa us tokch dk;Zokgh 'kq: dh gSaA dsl LVMh 1- lwpuk dk vf/kdkj vkUnksyu& ftl rjg gekjs ekSfyd vf/kdkj gksrs gS] mlh rjg gj ,d O;fDÙk dks dgha Hkh] fdlh Hkh dh rjg dh dksbZ lwpuk iznku gks tk,] blfy, lu~ 2005 esa laln esa lwpuk dk vf/kdkj dkuwu ikfjr fd;k x;kA blds vUnj dksbZ Hkh O;fDÙk iz’kklu ls dksbZ Hkh tkudkjh pkgrk gS rks og ys ldrk gS vksj lacaf/kr foHkkx ;k iz’kklu dks rhl fnuksa ds Hkhrj tokc nsuk gksxkA bl vkanksyu ds bfrgkl dh ppkZ djsa rks lu~ 1987 esa etnwj fdlku 'kfDr laxBu }kjk lkeus vk;kA
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92 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills lanHkZ 1. ekl ehfM;k ,.M ikWfylh esfdax & LVwvVZ lksjksdk www.snsoroka.com/files/Media&Policymaking.pdf 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Lokpal_Bill 3. flfoy lkslk;Vh ,.M ikWfylh esfdax bu bf.M;k , dsl LVMh &fjpk flag 4. ekl dE;wfuds’ku ,.M tuZfyTe & vkj- xqIrk
93 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Examining Parent Child Relationship of Adolescents Boys with Specific Reference to School Administration at Jaipur City; Rajasthan (India)
1 2 Karuna Sharma and Dr. Shubha Dube Department of Home Science, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur; India Email: - [email protected]
ABSTRACT Adolescence is a transitional period in the human life span, linking childhood and adulthood. The present study is done to find out the Parent Child Relationship in high school adolescent boys. The sample for the investigation consisted of 60 adolescent boys studying in 9th and 10th class. The sample was taken from Lai C.M. Public school of Jaipur city; Rajasthan (India). Standardized tool was used to measure the variable; Parent child relationship scale (PCRS) by Nalini Rao (1989). Qualitative and quantitative analysis were done. The results of the study revealed that, on parent child relationship dimensions fathers had more control and impact and more close to their children comparatively their mothers. The results indicate that fathers were comparatively more protective than mothers. . It was interesting to note that the fathers believed more in object punishment and symbolic punishment than mothers and at the same time, father had leading scores on the dimensions of love and care. On the other hand, the dimensions of rejection, indifference and symbolic reward show that both mothers and fathers were equally rejecting, indifferent and symbolic reward presenters towards boys.
KEYWORDS: - Adolescent Boys and Parent Child Relationship
INTRODUCTION Adolescents is a time of evaluation, of decision making, of commitment, and carving out a place in the world. They experienced thousands of hours of interaction with parents, peers, and teachers, but now they face dramatic biological changes, new experience, and new developmental tasks (Santrock, 2011). The adolescent experience is strongly influenced by parents and peers. In addition, school plays a major part in the psychosocial, intellectual, and vocational development of adolescents (Broderick & Blewitt 2010), Children in the developed world spend many hours in schools-on average, about 14,000 hours by high school graduation (Berk, 2007). Relationship with parents takes a different form. Social cognitive processes involved in navigating increasingly complex and intimate relationships continue to develop throughout adolescence (Blakemore and Mills 2014). A parent's relationship and caring role with a young person continues to be important, although the relationship will need to be flexible to adapt to the teenager's changing needs. At this time, there is need for a gradual change, which is a more authoritative approach, to a more collaborative approach. http://www.strongbonds.jss.org.au/workers/families/role.html
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To assess different dimensions of parent child relationship of 60 high school adolescents boys.
METHODOLOGY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The present study aims at finding Parent Child Relationship in age group of 13 to 15 years adolescent boys with specific reference to school administration. Major focus of the present research work is to study the various dimensions of parent child relationship; namely protecting, in different symbolic reward, symbolic punishment, demanding, loving, object reward and neglecting. 94 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
LOCALE OF THE STUDY The Study was conducted in the Lai. C. M. Vidhyapeeth school of Jaipur city; Rajasthan (India).
SAMPLE AND ITS SELECTION For the purpose of present study a group of 60 adolescent boys studying in 9th and 10th standard were selected. In the next step, background information was collected from the respondents. Multistage random sampling technique was used for data collection.
DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS One standardized tool that is Parent Child Relationship developed by Dr. Nalini Rao (1989) and one self-made background profile were used for the study.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data on the entire subject were compiled and transcribed on a master sheet. All the necessary calculations were done and then the data was analysed statistically. The data collected for the present study were coded, and quantitative assessment was attempted.
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS Results show that the descriptions statistics of the variable parent child relationship under study by analysing their means and standard deviations.
Table: Mean value and standard deviation of respondents on parent child relationship
Father Mother S.No. Dimensions (subscales) Mean S.D. Mean S.D. 1. Protecting 39.53 5.13 38.61 5.65 2. Symbolic punishment 34.36 4.99 32.60 5.34 3. Rejecting 25.15 6.58 25.00 5.93 4. Object punishment 28.43 5.89 27.18 5.96 5. Demanding 36.28 5.90 35.18 4.82 6. Indifferent 30.03 5.84 29.25 5.25 7. Symbolic Reward 37.13 5.80 36.90 4.82 8. Loving 39.21 5.34 38.36 5.72 9. Object Reward 34.45 5.66 33.28 5.66 10. Neglecting 27.81 6.56 26.90 6.06
Table shows the mean value of dimensions of Parent child relationship received from 60 high boys. The data observed Parent child relationship dimensions shows that fathers were comparatively more protective than mothers. They had defending attitude overtly expressed in the acts of guarding, sheltering and shielding the child from situations or experiences perceived to be hostile, oppressing and harmful. As the protecting dimensions of father were 39.53, whereas dimensions of mother were 38.61. The reason for this may be that fathers were busy in their professions and to compensate on time they adopted the above mentioned behaviours. Similarly the data on object punishment and symbolic punishment shows that father had leading scores i.e. Fathers mean scores were 28.43 and 34.36 whereas mother‘s scores were 27.18 and 32.60 respectively. So the fathers believed more in object punishment and symbolic punishment than mothers. It means fathers showed their temporary annoyance with the child comparatively the mothers.
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
The dimensions of rejection, indifference and symbolic reward show that both mothers and fathers were equally rejecting, indifferent and symbolic reward presenters towards boys. Both parent expressed equal apathetic, passive behaviour and also equally evident in renouncing the child in aversion. Both indicated equal expression of appreciation for emotional and psychological security of the child (scores s. no. 3, 6, 7 of table above).
Again the dimensions of demanding, loving object rewarding and neglecting in the table with s. no. 5,8,9 and 10 shows that fathers were high scorer than mothers, which indicates that fathers had more expression of authority, claim and overall control on the child than mothers. Fathers also showed a careless slighting treatment indicated in accustomed omission and deliberate disregard towards the child, which might leave the child to devalue himself. Surprisingly the data also shows that fathers were high in expression of fondness, devoted attachment and amiableness towards boys.
All the data shows that father had more impact, influence, love and command over these adolescent boys as compared to their mothers. It may be for adolescent boys mothers are generally the ones who are disciplining, more regarding academic, social and emotional performances.
According to Montemoyor (1982), interviewed, that boys spent more time with their father. Interaction with parents was not especially conflictual. Over a 3 day period, these adolescent boys reported on average of 0.85 conflicts with parents and adolescent girls reported 1.21 conflicts with parents.
Montemayor & Brownlee (1987) examined the involvement and satisfaction of adolescents with their fathers and mothers. Results indicated that adolescents were as satisfied with activities with their father as with their mothers. Adolescents enjoyed working with fathers more than mothers.
Almeida & Galambos (1991) showed that involved fathers became more accepting of their adolescents over a 6-month period as reported by fathers and adolescents. Also, involved fathers were more similar to mothers with respect to the nature of parent-adolescent relations than were less involved fathers. Discussion centers on the role that father involvement plays in the evolving parent-adolescent relationship.
CONCLUSION Today, 1.2 billion adolescents stand at the crossroads between childhood and the adult world. Around 243 million of them live in India. Parents play formative role in the development of their children. Adolescents not only spend different amounts of time with their parents and engage in different activities, but their emotional states also may be affected by who they are with and what they do. Now days, fathers play a unique and vital role in cherishing and guiding children's development. Next to family, the school is the most important experience in the process of child development. Administrative set up is another major influence on adolescent development. Teachers, peers, curriculum, school activities, and school culture all provide resources that contributes to the adolescent‘s to develop their identity and cumulative base of knowledge and ability. To conclude, the level of involvement by parents in the schooling of adolescents also influences achievement outcomes.
REFERENCES 1. Almeida, D. M. & Galambos, N. L. (1991), Examining Father Involvement and the Quality of Father- Adolescent Relations. Journal of Research on Adolescence. Volume 1, Issue 2, p.p. 155- 172.
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2. Berk, L. E. (2007). Peers, media, and schooling. Child Development. (7th Ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall. 3. Blakemore, S. J., and Mills, K. L. (2014), Is Adolescence a Sensitive Period for Sociocultural Processing? Annual Review of Psychology. Vol. 65, p.p.187-207. 4. Broderick, P.C. & Blewitt, P. (2010), The Role of School in the Social World of Adolescence. Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall. Revised article from The Life Span: Human Development for Helping Professionals2006 edition, p. 323-325. 5. Montemoyor, R. (1982), The relationship between parent adolescent conflict and the amount of the time adolescents spend alone and with parents and peers. Child Development, p.p. 53. 6. Montemayor, R. & Brownlee, J. R. (1987), Fathers, Mothers, and Adolescents: Gender based differences in parental roles during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Vol. 16, No. 3, p.p. 281- 291. 7. Santrock, J. W. (2011), Adolescents. Life- Span Development. 13th edition, Indian Edition, p.p. 348- 380. 8. http://www.strongbonds.jss.org.au/workers/families/role.html
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97 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Abstract Effect of Globalization on Indian Culture
Priya Singh Asst. Professor, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT The term ‗globalization‘ is also used to denote ‗global economic integration‘, which despite all its problems, contradictions and criticism, now appears to be inevitable, built as it is on the backs of an irreversible ‗technological globalization process‘ and an integrated global communications systems. Globalization, then, is a slow and relatively consistent process, which requires permanent structural change. Cultures in poor countries are under siege from the forces of global economic integration. Today's flow of culture is unbalanced, heavily weighted in one direction, from rich countries to poor. People's lives are being linked more deeply, intensely and immediately than ever before as distance, time and borders diminish. The ''unevenness'' of globalization and open markets are contributing to cultural insecurity in poorer nations like ours, which have removed barriers against imports of art and entertainment from the West. Conscious of the composite and fragile nature of its own cultural identity, India must today show exemplary responsibility where its own cultural heritage is concerned, and with regards to its present day and future cultural life. This responsibility must involve a greater sensitivity in its contacts with other cultures. Inescapably bound up in permanent exchanges with other evolving cultures, the dynamics of Indian culture can only be impoverished and compromised by misguided protectionism. If public authorities in India leave the field open to the economic interests of the "global players" in the vital sectors of information and communication, they must, in the interests of preserving our societies' cultural identity, establish norms that will ensure the beneficial use of new technologies. In order to prevent an irreversible impoverishment of Indian culture, the control of content and of its communication cannot be left to the sole ambitions of the industrial and commercial parties.
KEYWORDS: Globalization, communication, economic integration, public authorities
Socio-Cultural Factors and Human Resource
Acharya Renu Research Scholar, Ph.D (English), Dept. of English and Modern European Languages Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT Human beings have created a variety of languages and ways for communicating their emotions and feelings. There are many religions, arts, music, logics and reasoning, diverse worldviews to make sense of daily livelihood. Therefore, these are passed to the younger generation. Science has advanced swiftly in Western and Eastern countries. Now we have sought the answers to the fundamental questions concerning the life, death, the environment and the universe. Humans have developed scientific ways of thinking. Human Resource is basically concerned with the learning and enhancement of individual, groups, communities and nations. In developing human beings worldwide one can include social, environmental, cultural, and spiritual, economical and political
98 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills development. The social and cultural environment in which a company operates has an important influence on human resource management. The cultural and social environment includes such things as work ethic, attitude towards work and motivations. Thus, this paper focuses on how the socio- cultural factors effect on human resource.
KEYWORDS: Human Resource and Socio- Cultural factors.
Communication Policy and Social Development
Arti Sharma Assistant Professor& Head, Department of Sociology, The IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT The mass media all over the world has its own history of origin and diffusion. The communication of any nation is formulated taking into consideration several social and political factors. In contemporary Indian society rapid changes have taken place in all spheres of life due to globalization and technological innovations. These changes have resulted in restructuring of mass media in order to enhance its role in social development. In this phase of transition and change it is essential that the diverse Indian population finds expression in mass media. This paper attempts to analyze the existing communication policy in context of social development. Mass media in present times is characterized by commercialization and main focus of is on entertainment. This paper stresses that communication policy must focus on creating greater awareness about social issues and mass media should be utilized to its full potential for dissemination of information and for bringing about attitudinal chances in the society. It is also essential that widespread diffusion of television and internet takes place among the masses in order to bring desirable social changes.
KEYWORDS: Commercialization, Development, Mass Media
Role of Public Administration in the Modern State
1Anuradha Ghatak and 2Kavita Mittal 1Research Scholar, Faculty of Education, Banasthali Vidyapith (Raj.), Email- [email protected] 2Associate Professor, Faculty of Education, Banasthali Vidyapith(Raj.) Email- [email protected]
ABSTRACT Due to increasing complexities of society, growing functions of state and growth of governments on democratic lines, government today has to work towards the public interest. Public administration embraces all the activities of the government. The first and foremost objective of public administration is to efficiently deliver public services, to deal with the organization of government policies and program and the behavior of the officials, to
99 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills analyze public policies and implement the policy that will benefit the people at large. It is the administration which ensures the security and protection of life and property of the members of the society by maintaining proper law and order. Public administration provides numerous services to the public and serves their interests in many ways. It helps in development of human resource and management skills. Human resources are the set of individuals who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, or economy. To be an effective leader or manager there are management skills that one possess or develop. These are skills on planning, organizing, directing and controlling. Management skills include knowing how to manage people and constrained resources successfully. These skills will allow them to work efficiently in a wide range of situations involving projects with different objectives.
KEYWORDS: Public Administration, Human Resource, Management Skills.
Human Resource Management in Public Administration
1Dibya Rai and 2Kavita Mittal
1Research Scholar, 2Associate Professor, Faculty of Education, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India Email:[email protected]
ABSTRACT Public administration is a specialized academic field. It is essentially deals with the machinery and procedures of government activities. Administration has been defined as a cooperative human effort towards achieving some common goals. As Leonard White defined it ‗public administration consists of all those operations having for their purpose the fulfillment or enforcement of public policy.‖ Public administration is an activity which demands the objectives of the organizations and meets the needs of people in an economic and efficient manner the expression, Human resources management is a relative recent title for all aspects of managing people in an organization. It represents a broad based understanding of the problems of people and their management in view of the development of behavioral science knowledge.
The human resources, however, are difficult to manage. It is because human behavior is highly unpredictable. It differs not only from individual to individual but often on the part of the same individual at different points of time. Governments are realizing that managing staff in the public sector is one of the most powerful yet least appreciated ways to achieve their political and strategic objectives some are also becoming more cognizant of their special responsibility to act as a ―model employer‖ in society. Governments are generally the largest employer in the labor market, which adds to their responsibility of being a conscientious employer and to ―raising the bar‖ when it comes to HRM, for example, by promoting measures such as, optimizing conditions for staff development, preserving the dignity of employees, particularly their right to participate in decisions that affect them and ensuring that the talents of all the groups from which the public workforce is drawn, both women and men, members of various ethnic groups so on, are effectively harnessed. Nevertheless, the same governments often fail to obtain adequate return on investments in training and capacity development since the skills that staff have acquired at public expense are not used to the fullest extent in many instances .At the same time, managers are sometimes frustrated that staff do not contribute fully to the work of their agencies. These
100 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills divergent views highlight the need to strengthen dialogue between management and staff on both performance expectations and capacity development strategies in the public sector.
KEY WORDS- Public Administration, Human Resource Management, Role of government and managing staff in Human Resource Management
Managing the HR Function in Public administration
Diksha Bhartiya Research Scholar, Department of Education, Banasthali Vidiyapith, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT Human resource management in public administration concerns human resource management as it applies specifically to the field of public administration. It is considered to be an in-house structure that insures unbiased treatment, ethical standards, and promotes a value-based system. As the public sector has modernized and sought to become more efficient and cost-effective, the effective and strategic management of people has received increasing prominence and there have been calls for the HR function to play a more strategic role. The quality of human resources is a critical factor in the capacity of the government to deliver on its mandate. Human Resource Management (HRM) is critically important in that it ensures that human capital is well managed and that all issues relating to this resource are effectively dealt with. These issues include compensation, recruitment and selection, performance management, organizational development, safety, wellness, employee motivation, communication, administrative support and training. In this light, this paper investigates the effect of managing the HR function in Public administration. The findings highlight the complex and often contradictory nature of HR functional roles, and suggest that new and more strategic roles have not replaced traditional approaches but, rather, have been grafted on, giving rise to a variety of hybrid HR forms.
KEYWORDS: Public Administration, Disciplining Administration, Human Resource Management
Positive Social Transformation through Media
Nisha Yadav Professor in Sociology, The IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT A new form of common consciousness is emerging in today‘s society which is playing an important role in defining development. „Horizontal‟ or „Participatory Communication‟ not only defines development but also gives it meaning at the same time. It allows people to create development content to suit the local needs. It also empowers the local masses to reshape the social and cultural fabric of the society; helps in community building, promotes social cohesion and works towards conflict resolution. Therefore, while mass communication on the
101 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills one hand, can prove to be useful in bringing about pre-determined reforms, participatory communication on the other hand can contribute towards local reforms and facilitate sustainable change at various levels of society. This can happen through continuous exchanges between different stake holders who are working towards addressing common problems and goals. However, despite being essential to ‗Participatory Development‟, the role of participatory communication is neither understood well, nor appreciated. Effective Social transformation through participatory communication can happen only when people take the communication processes in their own hands so as to be able to make them heard. It also requires an effective dialogue between the masses, planners and development specialists to achieve beneficial change. However, there is a large gap between discourse and action. Even the role of large development players is not encouraging. The paper highlights the importance of bottom-up development for sustainable development and the need for a comprehensive approach to communication as development imperative.
KEYWORDS: Participatory Communication, Participatory Development, Social Transformation
Human Resources and their Development through Education
1 2 Karuna Agrawal and Vandana Goswami 1Research Scholar, 2Faculty of Education, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India Email:[email protected]
ABSTRACT It has been rightly observed that every human beings in unique, each is born with his own capabilities and limitations .Human resources are the most important asset in an organization , the optimum utilization of natural and manmade resources can be ensured if human resources are sufficiently motivated . Organization must necessarily invest time; money and effort in the development of human resources as the result are well worth the investment .Human resources can be developed to an unlimited extent since every human being has endless potentialities.
Education is one of the most crucial activities in any nation. It differs from other services in that it involves large capital outlays and technical expertise, both human and material and there are long gestation periods in reaping the fruit of education. The basic raw material in any education process is man and the finished product is also man.
The educational system serves the needs of the society by preparing individuals for various tasks .The quality of education determines the future of any social system that is the system which regulates the operation of the society. Mahatma Gandhi ji said: ―by ‗education‘, I mean an all-round drawing out of the BEST in the child and man -body, mind and spirit‖.
Educational institutions are important agencies for the exploration, generation, conservation and transmission of knowledge. Although invisible and intangible, the contribution of these institutions can take the country a long way ahead. It is therefore necessary to manage this industry scientifically and professionally. In the emerging highly competitive global market conditions, industries or organizations with excellence in performance will be the only ones to survive. Industry is today confronted with challenges in respect of improving productivity and
102 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills facing the intense level of international competition. Education holds the key to developing the necessary skills in these areas.
KEYWORDS: Human Resources, Education, Natural and Manmade Resources
Importance of Administrative Skills in Public Organizations
Swati Charan Assistant Professor, Dept.of Social Sciences, Biyani Girls College, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT Administrative skills play a very determining role in public organization. Although there are numerous administrative skills amongst which the major being organizational competency, innovation and planning artistry etc., yet I would concentrate on analyzing communication as one of the major administrative skills.
KEYWORDS: Communication, verbal discourse, executive, public sector.
INTRODUCTION An administrator or a bureaucrat should be an able negotiator, a self confident and a self motivated person. Using right tools to communicate the right messages at the right time can salvage a crisis and motivate people to work towards success.
If you convey your thought to the concerned people effectively, you are conforming absolutely to the description of an ideal type of communicator. People in the public sector framework usually spend 75% of their daily time on communication through writing, reading, listening, speaking, inter-debate etc. A recent newspaper report says that verbal discourse is as important a skill as other technical qualifications to accommodate in the public sector functioning. In the present day information revolution and formation of knowledge societies, centers etc., the significance of communication has increased manifold. Better broadcast of information raises awareness and projects the future aspirations and working of the public sector as well. An executive‗s success is conditioned by his ability to understand the needs and requirements of both employees and the public.
CONCLUSION Thus communication is a key instrument to create relations within the government and also with the people. It is a specialized role play for the development of public organization for its proper co-ordination and implementation of the set forth tasks.
REFERENCES 1. Communicating for Results in Government :A strategic Approach for Public Managers, by James L Garnett 2. Public Sector Communication : How Organizations Manage Information, by Doris A Graber 3. Essay on the Importance of Communication in Administration, by Pragati Ghosh.
103 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
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Management and Development of Natural Vegetation
Ankita Gupta Research Scholar, Rajasthan University, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT Management of resources aims at their rational use so that they remain available for future generations. Increasing environmental instability, changes in technology and typical international competition are reasons and need for the management and development of natural resources. As forest management is intimately linked with the conservation of bio-diversity and wild life. To maintain ecological balance, biomass, species composition, management of natural vegetation should be given top priority. In India management of bio-diversity that is being protected in forests, effected through a chain. Areas which fall under 14 biospheres, 89 national parks and 504 sanctuaries spread across the country. Natural vegetation provides food and shelter for wild life as well as for human population. The scope of this article is to ample sunlight in environmental stability.
KEY WORDS: Biomass, ecological balance, species composition.
Human Resource Development
Divya Vishnoi Research Scholar, University of Rasjasthan, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT Human resource development is to help employees to develop their skills and knowledge. For example employees training, tuition, coaching, planning and organization development. Its main aim is to develop the most superior workforce to accomplish their work goals in service to customers. The concept of human resource development was first introduced by Leonard Nadler in 1969.
Its main focus is:
On Dyadic relationship between employees and supervisors which are responsible for career development. To increase knowledge, abilities and skills. Stresses on development of human resource of the organization. Establish better inter-personal relation. Promote team spirit among employees. To develop an organizational culture.
It works on employee's welfare and on their quality of work life. It helps to collect useful and objective data on employee's programmes and policies. Improve the role of employees for participating in the organization. It provides unlimited benefits to the concerned organizations like, Human resource development employee training and development, career planning and development, performance appraisal, participation in human resource management and organization development. It is the need which employees should be developed with minimum resources and less wastages of optimum production. It provides learning related activities to employees. These
104 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills organizations are going to work on innovation of survival, rapid changes in technology, demand of customers etc.
KEY WORDS: Human Resource, Development, Career Planning, Organization Development
Conservation and Management of Resources
Praveen Meena Research Scholar, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT Resources are the bases upon which the development economic as well as human, of the entire mankind depends. Therefore, a thorough survey of available resources, their appraisal and evaluation, their conservation and management need immediate attention. Present times a report of 2015 to World Natural Resource is reaching a critical position. In the present day world, the use of technologic civilization is making demands on natural environment. The auocational and managerial implications of such demands need to be specified conservation emerges from an environmentalist, preservationist, moralistic and ethical past as a distinctive integrative concept. Resource management, a prerequisite for conservation, is concerned with choices made by people at whom command are a number of resources, in the interest of positivity. Because an individual perceives the problem of management and conservation and this perception affects his adaptation to the environment, a shift from area to personality is obviously involved in the frame work of resource management.
KEYWORD: Civilization, Implications, Moralistic Sustainable Resource Management
Sheelu Research Scholar, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT There are very practical needs for sustainable management of resources. To be able to manage resources, knowledge of how to resources are useful for us.
Resource management is the efficient and effective deployment and allocation of an organization‘s resources when and where they are needed. Such resources may include Water, Soil, Human Skills, Production Resources or Information Technology. Resource management means to maintain the quality of life on our planet. Communities are in a need of sustainable management because if the community is to prosper then the management must be sustainable and these management need to be managed sustainably by which present Social Economic Needs, Available High Techniques, Environment Management and Conservation etc. are maintained successfully.
105 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
Sustainable development is a resource management technique to make any harvesting or consumption of natural resources as sustainable as possible. Its main aim is to replenish any resources as fast as they are depleted. It helps prolong the natural resources for as long as possible.
KEYWORDS: Communities, Human skills, Prolong
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is a key of Rural Development
1Jai Narayan Gurjar and 2Kalpana Depan 1Associate Professor, 2Research Scholar, Govt. College Ajmer Email: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT MGNREGA gives hope to those who had everything but lost all their hope
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is considered as a key of rural development for eradicating rural poverty and unemployment by way of generating demand for productive labor force in village. It provides an alternative source of livelihood which will have an impact on reducing migration, eradication, poverty, restricting of child labor, cleaning up of reservoirs, farmer suicides, starvation deaths, eradicating male nutrition problem in the ruler areas. Not only these effects are made in this scheme but also efforts like growing incidence of literacy in rural areas, women empowerment and the failure of subsistence production during drought are made. It gives more emphasis to the empowerment of the weaker section in society like S.C., S.T. and women are also encouraged in this scheme.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to show how MGNREGA is effectively empowering the rural section of society in Rajasthan. As it is one of the biggest poverty alleviation programme in the world which was started with an initial outlay of Rs. 693.06 Crore in year 2006-07 and now it is Rs. 43252 Crore in year 2014-15 in Rajasthan. In Rajasthan, 733846 families are registered under it in the financial 2015-16.
SCOPE The MGNREGA gives employment, income, a livelihood and a chance to live a life of self-respect and dignity to the rural household of Rajasthan. Its success is largely depends on social mobilization at the bottom.
CONCLUSION Under this scheme we can achieve the goal of economic development; it increases the standard of living of the villagers of Rajasthan.
KEYWORDS: MGNREGA, Employement, Rural Development, Economic Development
106 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777
Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
The Impact of Information Technology on the HR and Competencies Learning and Understanding
Neha Singh Research Scholar, Sociology Department, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT The supply base examination of firms is second-hand to see the sights how in sequence system (IS) competencies have an effect on development modernization in an association. Data is composing from beginning to end a glasses case study of two development innovation at a healthcare hard in the combined state. The conclusion point up how six IS competencies – Knowledge Management group effort, development administration Ambidexterity, IT/Innovation domination industry IS Linkages – can differentially affect the conception, development and implementation of process innovations implication for researchers and practitioners are haggard from these conclusion and proposition for supplementary research are anticipated.
KEYWORDS: Process innovation; Resource based theory; Information systems competencies; Case study; Healthcare.
Human Resource Development/Training Policy
1Sunderpal Singh and 2Lalchand Saini 1,2Reseach Scholar (Education), JJT University, Chudela, India
ABSTRACT Human Resource development has become an essential component the development process. This is due to the fact that any development process is driven by the human factor. It is in this spent that the India Public Service Training Policy was designed. In this paper, it is angweel that human resource development/Training policy, like any other policy, must be supported by appropriate institutional mechanism and tools if it is to achine its intended objectives. It is further usge that policy formulaton in a journey with challenges and finding ways of overcoming them of the beginning of the century brought plenty of reforms changes and movelties in to she sphare of public administration. Seeking to solve complicated problems of the country main attention is focused on the increase of the effectiveness and usefullness of the state structures, the stability of the machinery of state.
KEYWORDS: Human Resource, Development Policy, Training Policy, Methodology
OBJECTIVE It provides methodologically bassed on positions for improving system of state training institution of human resources. The implemention position would be favourable preconditions for developing efficency of public and pursuing administration farm.
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Role of Public Administration in Developing Human Resource and Management Skills
METHODOLOGY The Theory of human resources system development and realisation has been critically assessed different attitudes have been compared and the most appropriat method has been chosen.
CONCLUSION There are problems involoved in the over all govermental structure. Each of the several possible arrangements has not implied and the article lovers critical evaluation of human resources strategy development the different suggestion for development of human resources system of the state instituitons.
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AUTHOR INDEX 1 Acharya Renu 97-99 2 Amit Verma 91-92 3 Anand Singh 25-26 4 Anju Pandey and Vinod Kumar Saroj 54-56 5 Ankita Gupta 103 6 Anuradha Ghatak and Kavita Mittal 98-99 7 Aparna Ajith 64-67 8 Arti Sharma 98 9 B.S.Gill 27 10 D.D. Maheshwari 38 11 Dharmendra Kumar Verma and Darshana 77-79 12 Dibya Rai and Kavita Mittal 99-100 13 Diksha Bhartiya 100 14 Divya Vishnoi 103-104 15 Gajendra Singh 39 16 Himani Agarwal and Sarita Sanwal 57-59 17 Inderjeet Singh 80-81 18 Jai Narayan Gurjar and Kalapan Depan 105 19 Karuna Agrawal and Vandana Goswami 101-102 20 Karuna Sharma and Dr. Shubha Dube 93-96 21 Mahendra Singh Surana 21 22 Manoj K. Lodha 35-37 23 Meenakashi Thakur 47-53 24 Narayan Bareth 30-32 25 Neha Singh 106 26 Niraj K. Pawan 22 27 Nisha Yadav 100-101 28 Nitesh Saraswat and Rinu Saraswat 73-76 29 Praveen Meena 104 30 Priya Singh 97 31 Rajesh Yadav 82-83 32 Ramesh K. Arora 23 33 S. Kandasamy 40-46 34 Sanjay Biyani 24 35 Sanjeev Bhanawat 33-34 36 Sarina Kalia and Inderajeet Ratawal 84-86 37 Sheelu 104-105 38 Smiti Padhi 68-69 39 Sunderpal Singh and Lalchand Saini 106-107 40 Swati Charan 102 41 Sweta Kumari 87-90 42 Varun Maru 60-63 43 Vijay Pancharia and Arti Upadhyay 70-72 44 Vikas Nautiyal 28-29
109 10th Biyani International Conference (BICON-15) ISBN: 978-93-83462-82-77777