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Pathology of the Model of Wind Turbine Manufacturing Technology Transfer in Iran

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Pathology of the Model of Wind Turbine Manufacturing Technology Transfer in Iran 80 Artigo original DOI: http://dx.doi.org/105902/2179460X19446 Ciência e Natura, Santa Maria, v. 37 n. 3 esp. 2015, p. 80−91 Revista do Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas – UFSM ISSN impressa: 0100-8307 ISSN on-line: 2179-460X Pathology of the Model of Wind Turbine Manufacturing Technology Transfer in Iran Sajjad Rahmani 1,*, Mohammad Hassan Fazli 2 1,*. M.A student of Technology Management, Iran University of Science and Technology 2. M.A student of Technology Management, Iran University of Science and Technology Abstract Attention to Renewable energy resources, first, because of the increasing environmental pollution and climate change, and the second due to reduce supplies of fossil fuels, is one of the policy priorities in many countries, especially developed countries has become. because of a broad range of environmental damage and international commitments, developing countries have been obliged to enter into this field. attention to the gap between developed and developing countries in the field of renewable energy technologies, technology's transfer the first and most effective way for developing countries in this field. Iran also is no exception and takes a step in this direction. given the obstacles and challenges that there are in developing countries for technology's transfer, this paper a review of a project comes in technology's transfer in the field of wind turbines. the main reasons for the success of the project are indentified and improved model is proposed for future project. Keywords: Technology; Technology's transfer; Wind turbine. Recebido: 27/08/2015 Aceito: 04/09/2015 81 to technological gap between developed and 1 Introduction developing countries in the field of renewable energy technologies, costs of research, oday, environmental pollution is a development and deployment of these major challenge facing humanity and has technologies for developing countries is heavy T become a worldwide policy making and because of their economic reliance on fossil priority [1]. Rate of Greenhouse gas emissions is fuels, the driving force for development one of the most obvious pollution that has a lot renewable technologies does not exist in these of adverse effects on the environment. The countries. highest rate of greenhouse gas emissions is related to energy production from fossil fuels, so Technology transfer, whether in the field of that 84% of greenhouse gas emissions in the renewable energies or in other areas of world in has been in 2009 for energy production technology, is the best and most efficient way to [2,1]. In Iran, more than 90% of the greenhouse cover this gap between developed countries and gas is generated by the energy sector [3]. Also developing countries. Therefore, the best way to The highest emissions of greenhouse gas is prevent environmental disaster in the future can related to developing countries, so that be development of technology transfer projects according to the predictions made, until 2040, from the new energy technologies to developing these countries will produce 69% of all countries. Obviously, the transfer of technology greenhouse gas [2], hence developing countries, is not just to transfer physical facilities and especially in the energy sector, play a crucial role equipments [4] and it is effective if done in preventing the crisis in the coming years. properly and completely. Based on the above mentioned challenges, In the present paper it is tried to, based on paying attention to renewable energy sources current models of technology transfer in the and policies of gradual removing fossil fuels has world, and also with regard to the particular found growing importance and the projects circumstances of Iran country, to investigate one related to decreasing pollutants have turned into of technology transfer projects in the field of cross sectional stated from projects state [1]. Now Wind turbines and conduct pathology on and paying attention to environmental issues affect ultimately provide an improved model for future the economic growth and is considered as a projects. macroeconomic indicator. Therefore, policy making for environmental issues and emphasis In the following, we will first by looking at on planning to reduce pollutants, especially in the literature in the field of technology transfer, a the energy sector, is one of legal and economic selection of popular models of technology requirements of all countries, both developed transfer is provided and the factors that should countries and developing countries because in be considered in each are referred to. Section some international treaties such as the United three is devoted to a short description of the Nations Framework Convention on Climate methods used for this study. In Fourth section Changes, countries are committed to cooperate after looking at wind energy industry, wind to reduce greenhouse gas emissions [3]. turbine technology transfer project that was initiated by Parseh company is reviewed and a However, developing countries, including model for the transfer of technology is presented. Iran, due to economic constraints and other Then, according to the project experiences and limitations in the field of international relations, looking at the current models of technology and also because of the lack of international transfer, problems of the project are studied and commitments on reducing pollutants, have not improved and finally a model is proposed for entered this field seriously do not have and long- future technology transfer projects. term planning for it [3 ]. On the other hand, due Recebido: 27/08/2015 Aceito: 04/09/2015 82 2. Literature Review Technology transfer has various ways that depending on the circumstances of each transfer, 2.1. Technology a special type is selected. Technology transfer methods can be named as follows: In a general view, the technology can be defined in three ways: product technology, - Foreign Direct Investment: In this method, process technology and technology of the holder of technology, directly establishes management. Product technology is the equipment and technology in the recipient knowledge that is used in the manufacture of a country and ownership of the technology and product. Process technology is the knowledge possibility of exploiting it is totally for the used for organizing and the production of raw country giving the technology. materials or the way service is provided, and management technology is the knowledge of - Joint Venture: in this method The recipient business, and how to use resources as efficiently country has share in investment and thus in to competition [5]. ownership of technology (usually greater share is for the recipient country). Although the technology is often regarded as the hardware, but the technology is made up -License: In this method the recipient country of several components, one of which is in the limited time and to a limited extent, under hardware. Other components include the brand name holder of technology, can have information (including procedures, manuals and some level of technical knowledge in addition to other documentation), Man (experience, skills, the equipments. tacit knowledge, creativity, etc.) and organization (processes, management practices, - Turnkey Projects: In this mode, the receiver etc.) [6,5]. By combining these components country does not have any involvement in the certain functions for the technology is realized. transition process and the owner of the technology transfer does all phases of transfer 2.2. Technology transfer such as facilities manufacturing, technology implementation, preparation of instructions and Technology transfer can be defined as a so on, and recipient country just receives project process that allows possibility of taking as ready for operation [8.7] advantage of one organization (which has developed in accordance with the objectives of 2.4. Technology transfer models that organization) in other organizations (with other goals) [7]. This subject, due to its close Many models have been proposed so far for relationship with economic growth is always technology transfer. It should be noted that the attractive for policy makers, economic activists, model represents a set of components and and business executives. However, the relations between them and states general technology transfer does not mean just transfer framework of energy transfer, but the method of equipment or products, but the required indicates the type and form of technology knowledge and other technology components transfer [9]. In fact, one of the components of a explained in definition of the technology,should model of technology transfer is the transfer be transferred to the recipient or created in it, so method. that the mentioned the technology is effective. In this part three common examples of Despite the positive effects of technology transfer popular models in the literature on technology for recipients of technology, if the transfer transfer is presented and finally project sample is process is not done correctly and completely investigated based on these models. (specially in transfer of technical knowledge), it can even have negative effects on the economy of - Model of Malik receptor country [5,4] In this model technology transfer has been 2.3. Methods of technology Transfer likened to a communication process. The Recebido: 27/08/2015 Aceito: 04/09/2015 83 components of this model are message sender, over the use of technology is poor, passive and message recipient and message (technology)
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