Chief Scientists' Update Number 26, December and January 2002/2003

In this Issue: Visits to MAFRI Regional Visits Enhancing Science Network

The Chief Scientists welcome all readers to this edition of Update that records some of the exciting science from Victorian State Government Research Institutes involved in agriculture, forestry, fisheries and environmental research. Please feel free to provide any comments and feedback to us via this email address: [email protected].

Visit to Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute (MAFRI) Some interesting projects in fisheries research highlighted the work being undertaken at MAFRI. Population studies based on four different techniques, morphometrics, genetics, otolith morphology and otolith microchemistry have been used to track Warhou species and provides supporting data for establishing quotas for different populations. Victorian scientists at MAFRI participated in a major nationwide recreational fishery survey, which provided some interesting figures on the number of recreational fishers, the spending patterns of these fishers and details of catches and locations. The information will be released in the final report later in the year and will form the basis for better understanding the needs of the fishing community and the economic significance of recreational fishing as well as improving the understanding of fish population and dynamics. Habitat suitability modelling is proving to be a useful tool for identifying the suitability of different areas for different fish species. This work has the potential to allow better identification of habitat specific to fish populations, which may be endangered or in need of protection. The Government has recently declared Marine Protected Areas and MAFRI has been contracted to collect preliminary data for baseline monitoring. Meanwhile integrated performance measures are being developed to establish a valid measure of the efficacy of these areas in protecting and enhancing marine biodiversity and protecting key representative ecosystems. Fisheries resource managers have developed innovative ways to engage the major stakeholders in policy decisions underpinned by well communicated science. One method is using Fisheries Assessment Groups (FAGS) which involves engaging stakeholders in the assessment process, although the scientist do the technical work underpinning the assessment. The stakeholders have a real input to the implications of the assessment, the process used in the assessment and the management outcomes from the assessment. This demonstrates the importance of good communication in developing policy combined with good science underpinning management decisions.

Discussions around ecosystem research focused on the intellectual input which provides the innovative aspect of the work. In order to attract funding for this work the Chief Scientists suggested that it is important for it to be clearly differentiated from routine monitoring and core business. The research focus is on understanding sustainable systems and how to manage effective multiple uses which will provide an integrated approach to developing productive capacity,.

REGIONAL VISITS The bushfires that have been ravaging much of Victoria in the past few months have impacted on the Chief Scientists’ program to visit Regional Offices and provide input at a local level. As the fires abate and staff return to normal duties the Chief Scientists will be more directly involved with the regions and will followup on the involvement suggested at the Regional Managers Executive meeting late last year.

ENHANCING SCIENCE NETWORKS – AN UPDATE There is widespread consensus that partnerships and collaborations between industries, government and research sectors are critical to stimulate innovation and translate research outcomes into economic growth. Furthermore, it is realised that having well developed global networks is important for the future of Victoria. Staff have openly recognised the Enhancing Science Networks Project and in particular, the Visiting Fellows program as a key step to developing these linkages and to gaining access to overseas information and networks. The last round of nominations for the Enhancing Science Networks have been accepted with 12 entries for the Visiting Fellows Program and 17 for the Scientific Exchange program. While there is currently no further funding for the program there are still scientists visiting across the State and being visited including:

VISITING FELLOWS PROGRAM Professor Peter Gregory from the Department of Soil Science, University of Reading, UK, is visiting the Institute of Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture at Tatura. Professor Gregory works in plant physiology and has developed non-destructive measurement techniques for examining the water and nutrient uptake by plant root systems. His work also involves developing models to different uptake processes.

Professor Mark Whalon from the Centre for Integrated Plant Systems, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA has been hosted by David Williams, Institute of Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture, Tatura. Professor Whalon is an internationally recognized expert in Integrated Pest Management, resistance management and pesticide alternatives in fruit and vegetable production. He is a highly respected contributor to policy in areas related to his scientific expertise.

Mr James Orson, Director of Morley Research Centre, Wymondham, UK has recently been hosted by Marg Evans of DPI Bendigo. The Morley Research Centre is a leading farmer-owned research organisation in eastern England, dedicated to improving arable crop efficiency and profitability, as well as caring for the environment. Mr Orson’s unique background allowed him to provide innovative ideas for working in partnership with local communities to develop and deliver research and extension services.

If anyone is interested in attending any of the presentations or being involved in discussions with these Visiting Fellows they should contact Ben Farrall in the Science Quality Unit on 9637 8511. SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGE PROGRAM Dr Michael Emmerling of the Plant Biotechnology Centre (PBC) recently visited the Large Scale Biology Corporation (LSBC) in California. Dr Emmerling undertook training in a technique to determine the functions of identified genes. As a large number of DNA sequences of grasses and cereals become available in the near future and the function of a large proportion of the genes discovered remains unknown, it is important that an efficient tool for determining the function of identified genes is available. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is one such tool but until recently no such system existed for monocotyledon plants. Dr Steve Holzberg of LSBC has established a unique system for VIGS in cereals based on Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus (BSMV) and agreed to provide PBC access to the technology and the BSMV vectors and protocols. This should significantly improve methods of functional analysis of important pasture plants and ultimately improve the actual pasture plants themselves. Chief Scientists' Update Number 27, February and March 2003

In this Issue: Visits: Keith Turnbull Research Institute (KTRI) Plant Biotechnology Centre (PBC) Barmah State Forest Meetings: Minister Bob Cameron AV Management Team Synchrotron Science Awards Enhancing Science Network

The Chief Scientists welcome all readers to this edition of Update that records some of the exciting science from Victorian State Government Research Institutes involved in agriculture, fisheries and environmental research. Please feel free to provide any comments and feedback to us via this email address: [email protected].

Visit to Keith Turnbull Research Institute (KTRI)

On a recent visit to KTRI, the Chief Scientists discussed a number of issues with staff. During discussions on biosecurity and invasive species management they noted their support for the development of a Task Force to oversee the legislative review recommended following the Biosecurity Symposium last year. Other issues discussed included the paucity of research on aquatic weeds, changes to quarantine requirements and the implications for KTRI, the Centre for Applied Entomological Research (CAER), the CRC for Weeds and the implications of the listing of Mornington Peninsula as a World Heritage Biosphere.

L to R The Chief Scientists and KTRI staff. Kylie McGregor, Graham Mitchell, Greg LeFoe Brooke Manley, El Bruzzes ,Kelly Snell, John St ocker, David McLaren The Chief Scientists sought some clarification of existing and future platform technologies and skills that would be needed to support these in KTRI. It was noted that KTRI could provide an invasive and biosecurity platform for the future with core skills to include entomology, botany, agronomy and access to genetics, and population modelling. Collaboration with Institute of Horticultural Development (IHD) was identified as important in supporting this platform.

Visit to Plant Biotechnology Centre (PBC) The focus of a visit to the Plant Biotechnology Centre was the capability of the students, highlighted by training in microarrays, functional genomics, bioprospecting and molecular marker assisted plant breeding. Developing this skill base will enhance and maintain the capability in plant genomics which has been identified as an area of high capacity and capability in the Department. There was also a discussion on commercial opportunities that have developed from work at PBC including the use of Federal funds (namely BIF) in the establishment of the company Phytogene Pty Ltd. The Chief Scientists witnessed a first hand demonstration of the work being done by the Victorian Microarray Consortium Team, that has developed out of the biotechnology program.

Victorian MicroArray Technology Consortium team John Stocker, Pei Tian, Ben Ong, Graham Mitchell, Tim Sawbridge, Caroline Rhodes, Tracy Webster, Nga Nguyen

Visit to Barmah State Forest In March, Gus was invited to address the Murray Valley Youth Forum organised by the Murray Darling Association, at the Barmah- Millewa Red Gum Forest on World Forestry Day. Over the past two years the Association has been holding Youth Forums along the Murray Valley for interested senior secondary students based around the theme of how to preserve and share the Basins’ valuable assets for all Australians. This year over 80 students attended from schools in northern Victoria including Nathalia, Numurkah, Shepparton, Echuca and from across the Murray, at Deniliquin.

Visitors to the Barmah Forest were welcomed by the Mayor of the local Shire, David McKenzie and the Elder of the Yorta Yorta, Colin Walker. Gus gave an opening address on the theme of the impact of science and technology on the present state of the River Red Gum Forests. The address highlighted the importance of science in developing and improving the knowledge base necessary to make appropriate decisions about the management of natural resources such as the River Red gum forests and our major waterways.

After a guided walk of the forest and an inspection of the Murray River and Barmah Lakes, Gus set the scene for the discussion forum on science, the environment and young people. The program continued with five parallel workshops on the themes of Wetlands/birds/fish, Water Management, Aboriginal Issues, Multi-use forests and Tourism/recreation facilitated by staff from DPI, State Forests of NSW, the Murray Darling Basin Commission, members of the Association and the Yorta Yorta community.

The program concluded with student presentations on their visions for the future and raising concerns on some of the current management practices. The Murray Darling Association will consolidate the views raised at the Forum and then present them to representatives of the Management Agencies involved including DSE/DPI.

The visit to Barmah Forest and the World Forest Day was a feature story in the Riverine Herald.

Meetings: The Minister, the Hon Bob Cameron At a recent meeting with the Minister, the Chief Scientists outlined their major roles over the past three years. They identified the areas which have been highly successful such as regional visits,the Chief Scientists Forums and the Young Scientists Forums. The interface between science and policy was discussed, with emphasis on the importance of evidence based decision making in policy development. Other issues raised included the importance of reward and recognition for scientists, communications with the public and with internal stakeholders and politicians, and the relationship between universities and DPI. The Chief Scientists also highlighted the importance of collaboration and international networks which have been established under the Enhancing Science Networks Program.

Meeting with Agriculture Victoria (AV) Management Team After being briefed on the progress of the Agriculture Victoria management review, to which the Chief Scientists contributed in the preliminary stages, the issue of commercialisation was discussed. Commercialisation of research outcomes has been a feature of AV for a number of years and the Chief Scientists provided further input on issues raised in providing opportunities for individual staff to pursue different levels of commercialisation. These included: IP, shares, incentives and the provision of opportunities to return to their position if appropriate.

Synchrotron: The Great Australian Synchrotron Road Show is coming to a place near you! The Australian Synchrotron is one of the most significant scientific projects undertaken in Australia for decades. The State Government has provided funding for construction of the building and accelerators next to the Clayton Campus of Monash University. The facility will open its doors to Australian researchers in early 2007.

Now is the time for scientists within DPI and DSE wanting to apply this cutting edge technology to their research projects to get involved in the process that will determine potential DPI/DSE applications for the Synchrotron.

The Australian Synchrotron Project is being managed by the Department of Innovation Industry and Regional Development (DIIRD) with Major Projects Victoria building the facility. Beamline proposals are being developed through the National Science Advisory Committee chaired By Professor Frank Larkins. Gus Nossal is the Patron of the Australian Synchrotron.

Synchrotron light has many applications across the whole range of DPI and DSE research, from DNA mapping, to tracking the precise sources of pollutants. While the biomedical and physical science communities have been preparing beamline proposals, scientists working in DPI and DSE should be aware of the potential benefits the facility will bring to their research efforts. To achieve this, DIIRD representatives and specialist synchrotron users will present the Great Australian Synchrotron Road Show at several locations in metropolitan Melbourne as well as at regional clusters of Institutes.

The first stop for the Great Australian Synchrotron Road Show was the Victorian Institute of Animal Sciences (VIAS) in Attwood on Wednesday 2 April, where 40 interested scientists and students got to hear Dr Gerry Roe (DIIRD) talk about what the Synchrotron can do for their research projects.

It is envisaged that several interested scientists from DPI will have the opportunity to travel overseas to get hands-on experience of synchrotron science in a second stage of the DPI Synchrotron project.

For more information please visit the website of the Australian Synchrotron project www.synchrotron.vic.gov.au or contact Dr Roger Kalla at the Science Unit on 9637 8371.

Science Awards The Science Awards 2003 were very successfully held at Zinc, Federation Square on 19 February 2003. They were hosted by triple JJJ breakfast announcer Adam Spencer, as the MC for the evening, with awards presented by the Minister for Agriculture, the Hon Bob Cameron. Awards were presented across a broad spectrum of achievements and were a celebration of the achievements of Government science across the Victorian community. Two Nancy Millis Awards were presented this year for post-graduate studies. These were awarded to Matthew Baranski who will study genetic markers in abalone and Meg Cole who will undertake further studies on the importance of riparian vegetation. The Daniel McAlpine Outstanding Achievement Award was presented to Dr Ian Porter and the methyl bromide team, of IHD, for work on methyl bromide replacements for the horticultural industries. The David Ashton Biodiversity Award was presented to Dr Simon Nicol and the River Health Rehabilitation Team for their work validating the importance of resnagging rivers to improve fish habitat and for establishing techniques for rehabilitating rivers with large woody debris. The Hugh McKay Innovators Award was presented to Mr Gavin Privett for his work in producing salt from saline groundwater while at the same time using an innovative approach to the management of salinity in the local region. Using an extensive pumping and solar evaporation system Mr Privett has lowered the groundwater level for approximately 1000 ha and allowed previously unusable land to be restored to productive use while making a profit from salt production. Further details on the Science Awards can be found on the external web site under Science and Research, www.dpi.vic.gov.au/sciecne&research.

ENHANCING SCIENCE NETWORKS – AN UPDATE There is widespread consensus that partnerships and collaborations between industries, government and research sectors are critical to stimulate innovation and translate research outcomes into economic growth. Furthermore, it is realised that having well developed global networks is important for the future of Victoria. Staff have openly recognised the Enhancing Science Networks Project and in particular, the Visiting Fellows program as a key step to developing these linkages and to gaining access to overseas information and networks. While there is currently no further funding for the program there are still scientists visiting across the State and being visited.

VISITING FELLOWS PROGRAM In the past three months the following scientists have visited Victoria: Professor Peter Gregory from the Department of Soil Science, University of Reading, UK, visited the Institute of Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture at Tatura. Professor Gregory works in plant physiology and has developed non-destructive measurement techniques for examining the water and nutrient uptake by plant root systems. His work also involves developing models to different uptake processes.

Mr James Orson, Director of Morley Research Centre, Wymondham, UK has recently been hosted by Marg Evans of DPI Bendigo. The Morley Research Centre is a leading farmer-owned research organisation in eastern England, dedicated to improving arable crop efficiency and profitability, as well as caring for the environment. Mr Orson’s unique background allowed him to provide innovative ideas for working in partnership with local communities to develop and deliver research and extension services.

Dr David Rocke is Professor of the Department of Applied Science (College of Engineering) and the Division of Biostatistics (School of Medicine) at the University of California Davis. He has pioneered the development and application of statistical and computational biological methods in transcriptomics (highly parallel analysis of transcripts using microarrays), proteomics and metabolomics. He will conduct a theoretical and practical workshop on recent advances and methodologies in computational biology at PBC in April. He will also participate in current research programs and contribute to the development and application of bioinformatic analysis tools.

Visiting Fellows who are to arrive in Australia in the next few months are:

Professor David Crowley will visit Dr Pauline Mele in Rutherglen during late April and early May. Professor Crowley is a microbial ecologist who uses molecular based techniques to determine the mechanistic role of the soil microbial community in crop health and performance. This visit will relate to the Overcoming Root Zone Constraints Project and provide input to the development of the projects for the Our Rural Landscape initiative.

Dr Richard Barker will be visiting Dr Alan Robley of ARI to aid the development of the mark-recapture research program in Victoria to generate a reliable estimate of population size and survivorship of native species outside captivity. The work will provide input to fundamental research into ecosystem function, monitoring species and the Healthy Rivers and Environmental Flows Initiative.

Mr Larry Kolz will visit Dr Simon Nicol in ARI during May and be involved in working on techniques associated with electrofishing, pit tagging and radio telemetry.

Dr Shyam Yadar from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute will visit Victorian Institute of Dryland Agriculture (VIDA) during May. Dr Shyam has expertise in the areas of chickpea breeding with extensive experience in the use of novel germplasm sources in chickpea, including wild relatives, to identify and utilise traits that confer improved drought tolerance.

If anyone is interested in attending any of the presentations or being involved in discussions with these Visiting Fellows they should contact Ben Farrall in the Science Quality Unit on 9637 8511.

SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGE PROGRAM The following Departmental scientists have visited overseas in the past three months: Dr Michael Emmerling of the Plant Biotechnology Centre (PBC) recently visited the Large Scale Biology Corporation (LSBC) in California. Dr Emmerling undertook training in a technique to determine the functions of identified genes. As a large number of DNA sequences of grasses and cereals become available in the near future and the function of a large proportion of the genes discovered remains unknown, it is important that an efficient tool for determining the function of identified genes is available. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is one such tool but until recently no such system existed for monocotyledon plants. Dr Steve Holzberg of LSBC has established a unique system for VIGS in cereals based on Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus (BSMV) and agreed to provide PBC access to the technology and the BSMV vectors and protocols. This should significantly improve methods of functional analysis of important pasture plants and ultimately improve the actual pasture plants themselves.

Dr Charles Todd of Arthur Rylah Institute recently travelled to the Centre D’ecologie Fonctionnelle Et Evolutie, Montpellier, France, to take part in a workshop run by world leaders in the field of capture-recapture analysis. Charles Todd is a senior scientist in the freshwater ecology section of ARI and used current spotted-tree frog project data for analysis. The skills and results from the visit will be used to better understand the capture-recapture results and the implications for results of quantitative surveys in understanding changes in aquatic biodiversity.

Each Visiting Fellow and Scientific Exchange scientist provides a report on the outcomes of their visit. If you are interested in reading any of these reports, they are available from the Science Unit on request, either in an electronic format or in hard copy.

Chief Scientists' Update Number 28, April and May 2003 A new look Chief Scientists’ Update

In this new look edition you will find a short summary of the visits that the Chief Scientists made around the State and the other activities in which they were engaged. • They visited the Echuca Regional Office and the Catchment and Land Protection Research (CLPR), Bendigo. They met with senior staff from the Research and Development Division and participated in the Chief Scientists Entomology Forum. Further details on each of the visits are provided in Appendix 1

This edition also provides an update on the Enhancing Science Networks Program

Please feel free to provide any comments and feedback to us via this email address: [email protected].

Chief Scientists Visits

Echuca Regional Office This was the first visit in the past two years by the Chief Scientists to the Echuca Regional Office. Gus and John met with approximately twelve staff from the office, which provides services for the irrigated dairy industry. The office also monitors animal health, including Bovine Johnes Disease, and oversees water management programs for excess surface water and salinity management. The region encompasses approximately 60,000ha of wetlands and is a net importer of salt. It is therefore focused on maximising water use efficiency on farms, at the same time as maximising environmental outcomes for the region. The area has been severely affected by the drought, which has forced many of the dairy farmers to leave properties. This has made it difficult for water managers to allocate water for environmental outcomes. Following presentations from four staff members the Chief Scientists thanked those involved and said that the challenges facing the region highlighted the concept of multiple purpose sustainability. Further details on the visit are in Appendix 1 Visit to Catchment and Land Protection Research, Bendigo The venue for this visit, by Gus, John and Graham, to Bendigo was the beautiful Big Hill Winery, providing an ideal background for presentations by staff members and the Director of the Research Centre, Michael Crawford. The Research Centre at Bendigo provides services in the areas of soil and water science at the landscape level, focusing on the provision of “core science”, such as GIS services, which is not directly funded by industry bodies. Following presentations by staff members and an examination of recently purchased equipment for remote water sensing and soil collection, the Chief Scientists engaged with staff on discussions focused on “what it means to be a scientist working in the government for DPI/DSE”. The wide ranging discussions covered the opportunities presented by the new management focus on science platforms. Gus and Graham identified science career paths across a broad range of projects as opportunities under the new management structure. They encouraged the staff to engage with them and to capitalise on the evolving benefits of the new management structure.

For further details on the visit please refer to Appendix 1. Photo: Graham Mitchell examines equipment used for remote water sensing, mounted on the quad. Meetings: Meeting with the Research and Development Management Team At a recent meeting attended by Gus, David and John, and the newly named Research and Development Management team it was noted that there has generally been positive staff support for the new management structure. An emphasis on science leadership, discipline platforms, and enhanced career opportunities are seen as likely positive outcomes from the new structure. The Chief Scientists emphasised the need to maintain points of interaction between scientists and industry, and suggested that there may be opportunities to link with CSIRO in research into functional foods. As an example, there may be opportunities to use the VIAS Werribee “mini pigs” as models for validation of claims of health benefits from particular foods such as onions and garlic.

First DPI/DSE Entomology Symposium at Rutherglen Research Institute (RRI) The first DPI/DSE Entomology Symposium was held at Rutherglen, in early May. The two-day symposium, organised by Kevin Powell of the Rutherglen Research Institute, was sponsored by the Science Unit and attended by Gus and Graham. The Symposium provided an opportunity for entomologists to come together to establish, and build on networks, and linkages and to discuss potential collaborative projects. A major outcome of the symposium was the overwhelming support for the establishment of Centre for Applied Entomological Research (CAER), which will provide a structure for collaborative projects between DPI/DSE and three Victorian universities. CAER will also facilitate the development of projects between DPI/DSE and the Max Plank Institute in Germany. Both Gus and Graham were impressed by a vivid illustration of the frustration of the lone entomologist doing vital work in regional Victoria without the regular intellectual stimulation and sharing of the highs and lows of problem solving that comes from being part of a team. The Symposium has helped such scientists working in entomology to now feel part of the bigger team and to be able to share in the team efforts and achievements. For more details on the Symposium refer to Appendix 1. L to R: The Chief Scientists and Rutherglen based entomologists and PhD students: Garry McDonald, Robert Bedirian, Karen Herbert, Sarah Brown, Gus Nossal, Anna Burns, Kevin Powell, Graham Mitchell and Kim Kingston.

Rural Social Researchers Forum David Penington plans to attend a rural social researchers forum on 25th and 26th June. The forum will bring together those DPI/DSE staff working in social research, as well as a number of university staff and postgraduate students. During the forum, participants will have the opportunity to meet others working in this area, discuss their work, identify similarities and differences between work groups and discuss possible future collaborations. The forum will be a critical step in establishing a more effective network of rural social researchers in Victoria.

ENHANCING SCIENCE NETWORKS – AN UPDATE Accessing and developing international and national networks is seen as being important in stimulating innovation and translating research outcomes into economic growth for Victoria. The Enhancing Science Networks Program has developed out of this need to link with the 97% of knowledge generated outside Australia and has provided scientists with the opportunity to “tap into” the expertise outside Australia. While there is currently no further funding for the program there are still scientists visiting across the State and DPI/DSE scientists visiting overseas. For further details on where and when you can meet any of these scientists contact Ben Farrall of the Science Unit on 9637 8511.

Visiting Fellows Program In the past three months the following scientists have visited Victoria: Professor David Crowley a microbial ecologist visited Dr Pauline Mele in Rutherglen during late April and early May.

Dr Richard Barker visited Dr Alan Robley of ARI to aid the development of the mark- recapture research program in Victoria to generate a reliable estimate of population size and survivorship of native species outside captivity.

Mr Larry Kolz visited Dr Simon Nicol at ARI during May was involved in working on techniques associated with electrofishing, pit tagging and radio telemetry.

Visiting Fellows who are to arrive in Australia in the next few months are: Doctor Donald Suarez, Director, Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Riverside, California, was hosted by Aravind Surapaneni, ISIA, Tatura, during April.

Dr Shyam Yadar from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute will visit the Victorian Institute of Dryland Agriculture (VIDA) in June for six months. Dr Shyam has expertise in the areas of chickpea breeding with extensive experience in the use of novel germplasm sources in chickpea, including wild relatives, to identify and utilise traits that confer improved drought tolerance.

Doctor Steven Campana, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Nova Scotia Canada, is to be hosted by Sonia Talman, MAFRI, Queenscliff. Dr Campana is a leading authority on otolith research and will assist MAFRI with current otolith ageing and microchemistry projects.

Doctor Michael Hamilton, Director of James Reserve, University of California, USA, will be hosted by Jane Fisher, IHD, Knoxfield, during July. New technology, developed at the Centre for Embedded Network Sensing (CENS), linking micro sensors, has the potential to monitor the flow of pesticides and chemicals through farms, waterways and catchments. It is intended that Professor Hamilton's visit will develop knowledge of these new technologies in Australia, assist in the evaluation of appropriate uses, and help establish a working group to take the technology forward.

Professor Michael Duffy, Professor of Economics, Agricultural Extension, Leopold Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, will be hosted by Max Coster, DPI Bendigo. Professor Duffy will provide input to the development of programs that help small farmers manage the environmental impacts of agriculture, seek to establish alternative production and marketing systems and narrow the rural-urban divide through the establishment of local food marketing systems.

SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGE PROGRAM The following Departmental scientists will travel overseas in the next few months:

Charles Hajek, DPI Horsham will travel to the University of Nebraska and other key institutions to undertake an in-depth study of the extension and regulatory programs employed in the Great Plains region of the USA, with an emphasis on agroforestry and native vegetation management. It is expected that the exchange will result in improved windbreak design and management practices, more effective agroforestry extension programs, and ongoing collaboration with the USA.

Graeme Ward, DPI Warrnambool, will travel to England, Ireland and the Netherlands to examine the management of nutrients and effluent on dairy farms. It is anticipated that he will obtain new skills in effluent disposal research and develop scientific links with key overseas research groups.

Dr Alison Lee, DPI Wangaratta, will travel to the Netherlands, Iceland and the United States during June and July to examine the implementation of Johne’s disease control programs. Alison intends to determine how effective the programs have been in these countries, in control, impact on primary producers and extension methods.

Dr Ellen Jongman, of DPI, Werribee will travel to New Zealand during June and July. Ellen will investigate a hand held device that uses ultrasound and a small electric current to provide accurate measurements of hormonal levels and levels of alcohol and caffeine in animals without cutting the skin. The device has been developed by HortResearch, NZ and should have applications in DPI. Appendix

Visit to Echuca Regional Office

At a recent visit to Echuca, Neil McBeath, Northern Irrigation Drought Co-ordinator outlined the broad range of responsibilities the regional office faces, particularly during the drought with dairy productivity closely tied to irrigation. While the drought has had serious economic impacts it has also affected environmental objectives such as redirecting water for the environment. The office has been using detailed mapping and land classification systems to identify areas where water policy changes are likely to achieve best outcomes. The water market is operating well and tending to direct water uses where it is more economically beneficial, usually from environmentally degraded areas to more productive land. This approach is being supported by policy incentives being introduced to underpin the water market.

Craig Dyson, outlined plans for the management of excess water in wetlands and farmlands which aim to produce better farming and environmental outcomes and reduce salt input to the Murray River. The Chief Scientists were interested in the potential to use the salt water for aquaculture, but to date this has not been considered economically viable.

Penny Shaw outlined the support provided by DPI to the dairy farming industry, particularly during the drought. The dairy extension team has concentrated on building community capacity through development of leadership and organisational skills in the industry. While research undertaken in DPI provides technical advice to industry members, it is recognised that this only provides one approach in the management of drought conditions. John queried how the industry accessed the most recent up-to-date and relevant information for their industry. Typically the dairy industry members have been identified as sophisticated information gatherers, except in difficult times when DPI plays a cohesive coordinating role in getting information.

Maurice Incerti from Murray Diary outlined the importance of the Geoffrey Gardiner Foundation funding for small projects. This funding is not tied to the Dairy Research Development Corporation (DRDC) guidelines and allows the industry to undertake specific work in areas where the objectives are not necessarily of greatest importance to those of DPI/DRDC. The value of this funding was demonstrated by a project which focused on modeling the impact of water policy changes on future farming systems. One direct spinoff from this project was the granting of extra funds for Emergency Circumstances. Capacity building in the local dairy industry was highlighted when the Chief Scientists visited the dairy farm of Mick and Kathy Myers. These farmers have provided leadership in the local industry and have instigated management changes to address some of the impacts of the drought. They discussed some of these changes with the Chief Scientists who visited their farm to see first hand the impacts of the drought on the dairy industry. In summary Neil noted that all staff have good community and communication skills but that it has been a busy and stressful time for the regional officers, during the drought.

Visit to Centre for Land Protection Michael Crawford, Director of the Research Centre, outlined the structure of the centre and identified the major customers. Under the new platform structure for science and research in the Department, staff at Bendigo are generally involved the soil and water platform and the landscape systems platforms. David Heislers outlined his project that has developed the next stage of a rapid appraisal approach to cause-and-effect at a landscape scale as an alternative to a detailed modelling approach. The approach examines the intersection between hazards and assets in order to assist in prioritising areas for intervention in addressing dryland salinity. In response to questions from the Chief Scientists, David outlined the process of quantification of assets and the process for prioritising outputs into activities, in consultation with the clients.

Geoff Savage and Joanne McNeil have developed a framework for Risk Assessment for Land Use Impact Modelling, to address the assessment of environmental risk. Joanne demonstrated the use of the framework in assessing biodiversity.

A presentation by Martin Blumel on Environmental Reporting in Victoria outlined the development of 30 indicators to provide scientifically valid measures for reporting on the State of the Victorian Environment. The Chief Scientists were strongly supportive of the need for robust and measurable targets in this area and identified the importance of the centre’s relationship with DSE and the CMAs as crucial in continuing this work. An open forum discussion followed a presentation by Roger Wilkinson on the demographic trends among woolgrowers and the impact that their movement away from prime production land will have on land management strategies in the future.

In the discussions, focused on what it means to be scientist working in the Government for DPI/DSE the Chief Scientists noted the challenges and opportunities facing scientists under the new management structure. These include the opportunities for scientists to be involved in broader projects and develop defined career paths in science. The Chief Scientists also identified the importance of a clearly identified contact for the community to be included in the platform structure, such as the role industry co-ordinators undertake. The proximity of the DPI/DSE scientists to end-users was identified as a major strength with their ability to respond to the industries in the regional communities.

Entomology Symposium at Rutherglen The symposium brought together, for the first time, almost all the entomologists (approximately 50 participants) working in the two Departments. Scientists from nine DPI/DSE institutes made presentations on research and capability. The presentations and poster sessions (covering 30 posters) highlighted the strength, depth and diversity of entomological research within DPI/DSE, from medical, forest and crop entomology through to classical biological control. A SWOT analysis conducted at the end of the first day’s session highlighted many issues including the need for improved linkages, particularly for entomologists in relatively remote centres. Professor Ary Hoffman from Centre for Environment Stress Adaptation Research (CESAR) and Dr El Bruzzese (KTRI) made presentations on the proposed Centre for Applied Entomological Research (CAER).

The Chief Scientists were particularly interested in several areas; • the impact of genomics on entomology including the use of microsatellite markers in long- distance migration of insects (plus insecticide resistance); • opportunities for synchrotron based molecular analysis in understanding the plant- insect interface; • the level of knowledge on beneficial species as well as “the enemy” particularly in regard to feeding behaviour and nutritional requirements (eg of Phylloxera); • the success of IPM on a large scale versus the smaller trial plots and the extraordinary length of time taken for general acceptance of bio-control agents, such as predatory mites; • the issue of education in relation to the notion that “if something moves in the field, orchard or vegetable patch reach for the insecticides”. The Chief Scientists were struck by perceptions of the relatively poor image and lowly status of entomology. Entomologists need to actively promote the message about invertebrates as environmental monitors, the relevance of entomology to biosecurity and economic sabotage, to sustainable low input agriculture and the importance of duty of care in regard to the environment. DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES

Chief Scientists’Update

Issue No 29 June/July, 2003

V ISIT TO B ALLARAT R EGIONAL O FFICE Other work on Murray cod has concentrated on improving In this edition: nutrition and a proposal to collaborate with Deakin The visit to Ballarat Regional Office was the first in two University and DPI Werribee to develop a selective breeding years. Ballarat Regional Office services the local community program, using genetic markers for selection of desireable on several levels and includes staff from DPI and DSE. traits. M Chief Scientists’ visits throughout Scientists based in Ballarat have been actively involved in Gus and Graham were impressed by the integrated project raised bed cropping as an agronomy tool for managing Victoria proposal presented on “Eco Industrial Agri-food” which cropping land subject to excess water, in normal years. outlined a systems approach linking aquaculture and This project has been supported by industry members and agriculture, particularly horticulture, in a controlled local farmers through the provision of test fields and seeds M Meeting with the environment. The project in early development stages and complements work undertaken at DPI Hamilton in incorporates the concept of tradeable emissions and, as Secretary conjunction with Southern Farming Systems. Graham noted, has the potential to reduce the total land The perception of “good food” was challenged in a thought used for food production. M provoking discussion with staff and John Stocker who Meeting with represented the Chief Scientists. There was a strong reps from the argument made suggesting that the existing patterns of Young Scientists protein and fibre consumption are a highly inefficient use Group of natural resources with, on average only 18kg protein/ha from beef but up to 200kg protein/ha from buckwheat production. The protein profiles for buckwheat are very M Enhancing similar to those of white meat and eggs, thus providing a Science Networks similar protein output from less natural resource input. A Program update broader community recognition and acceptance of the alternative food sources could have major implications for the services provided by the Department in the future and the future of the rural landscape. Other topics of discussion outlined the relevance of extension in the science sector, using the “Best Wool” program as an example and the role of community engagement at the interface between research, industry The Chief Scientists and staff at Snobs Creek Back Row: Mchael Bretherton, Russel Stoneman,Brendan Larkin, and the community. James Bayley John thanked the staff for their stimulating discussions at Front Row: Graham Mitchell,Geoff Gooley, Gus Nossal, Kylie Hall, Fiona Gavine, Brett Ingram, Paul Brown the end of the day after outlining the role of the Chief Scientists particularly around integration, incorporating M EETINGS listening, advising and advocating. Meeting with the Secretary V ISIT TO DPI RESEARCH C ENTRE AT S NOBS C REEK The Chief Scientists report to the Secretary on a quarterly basis, providing strategic advice on a broad range of Two of the Chief Scientists, Graham Mitchell and Gus science issues. At the meeting in July the Chief Scientists Nossal, recently visited the freshwater research facilities at raised strategic issues on the Department’s science Snobs Creek. Work undertaken at Snobs Creek is focused capability and integration, with emphasis on special on research around issues for freshwater fisheries and opportunities for Victoria, the science platforms, the new aquaculture. It includes a highly successful collaborative R&D structure, and GMOs. They also highlighted alternative venture with CSIRO on the management of an introduced funding strategies and noted that the development of freshwater pest, the carp. consortia between multiple funders and multiple research providers is a strengthening trend for funding of R&D. The CARPSIM modelling program developed and validated at Snobs Creek allows different management options to be Meeting with the Young Scientists modelled to determine the likely success and timeframe for success of different eradication programs. The model The Chief Scientists met with representatives of the Young supports work being undertaken by CSIRO on the Scientists group and provided input to the development of development of daughterless carp resulting in male only the Young Scientists Forum to be held in October this year populations which over time would die out. at Bendigo. They supported the proposed agenda and encouraged a cross departmental approach. The Young Overseas connections are a feature of the Murray cod Scientists raised issues and concerns from their points of program, with a post graduate veterinarian student from view as young scientists in DPI/DSE. In particular they Scotland undertaking an honours project on a clinical discussed the implications of the new platform structure for problem (chronic erosive dermatrophy) in some Murray cod the Research and Development Division and the potential farms. impacts of these changes in delivering on more clearly defined career paths and the opportunities to become highly successful in a science career. DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES CHIEF SCIENTISITS’ UPDATE

Meeting with the Department of Sustainability and Environment What is not in doubt is the public interest across the issue regarding human health, food safety and environmental integrity. The Following changes to Government structure, it has been necessary to comments from the members of the panel featured in an article that review the contract with the Chief Scientists, to better align it with appeared in Stock & Land issue published on 31 July 2003. the responsibilities of DPI. The Chief Scientists have met with senior staff from DSE to discuss the provision of strategic advice on science F IRST DPI/DSE RURAL S OCIAL R ESEARCHERS issues which are now the responsibility of DSE. The outcomes of F ORUM AT T RAWOOL these discussions may lead to a new contract with DSE, to address The first DPI/DSE Rural Social Researchers Forum was held in late those issues, which were formerly part of the NRE contract with the June. The day and a half forum was sponsored by the Science Unit Chief Scientists. and attended by David Penington, representing the Chief Scientists. B RIEFING ON O UR R URAL L ANDSCAPE (ORL) Representatives, postgraduate students and staff, from the University of Melbourne and LaTrobe (Bendigo) also attended and The ORL program is part of the Victorian Government’s Innovation provided an academic focus for discussions and linkages for future Statement which is providing $50 million over four years for new collaborative projects. innovative solutions to current issues in rural Victoria. The program will provide opportunities to enhance the value from agriculture in An outcome of the forum has been the establishment of a network, rural communities and develop fundamentally different production with the first meetings outlining areas of future collaborative work. systems to efficiently utilise natural resources. Following a The group will meet on a regular basis and will provide input to the presentation on the program, the Chief Scientists raised strategic ORL Social Capability project. issues related to the process through which to engage industry in For more details and a report prepared by one of the participants on discussions on the ORL key project outputs. Overall the Chief the Forum refer to Appendix 1.Farrall of the Science Unit on 9637 Scientists see the program as an ideal opportunity to “make a 8511. difference” in addressing some of the issues around sustainable rural industries. E NHANCING S CIENCE N ETWORKS – AN U PDATE

S YNCHROTRON Accessing and developing international and national networks is seen as being important in stimulating innovation and translating As Ambassador for the Victorian synchrotron, Gus has been involved research outcomes into economic growth for Victoria. The Enhancing in working with DIIRD and the Science Unit to provide opportunities Science Networks Program has developed out of the need to link for DPI staff to receive training in the application of a synchrotron with the 98% of knowledge generated outside Australia and has light source. The applications are to be specifically related to issues provided scientists with the opportunity to “tap into” the expertise and opportunities for primary industries. In developing a outside Australia. While the program funding has come to an end, “synchrotron literate” cadre of scientists, DPI will be well placed to there are still international scientists visiting across the State and use the synchrotron when it is commissioned in 2007 and to have DPI/DSE scientists visiting overseas. For further details on where input to the beamline design. Eleven projects have been developed and when you can meet any of these scientists contact Ben Farrall of by DPI scientists over the past months and forwarded to the the Science Unit on 9637 8511. committee, including Gus, for evaluation. It is anticipated that over the next twelve months, up to three or four DPI scientists will be V ISITING F ELLOWS P ROGRAM selected to travel to Tokyo or Chicago for a week to work on their project at no cost to the Department, other than their salaries. The In the past two months, the following scientists hae visited Victoria: projects have been developed to deliver a direct benefit to the Dr Steven Campana Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Nova Scotia industry, to the creation of a synchrotron capability among DPI Canada, was hosted by John Ackerman, DPI, Queenscliff. Dr scientists and to provide publishable results. Campana is a leading authority on otolith research and assissted MAFRI with current otolith ageing and microchemistry projects. P ANEL D EBATE ON GMOS By invitation, Chief Scientist, Graham Mitchel participated in a Rural Professor Michael Hamilton, Director of James Reserve, University Press Club of Victoria Panel debate on “Commercialisation of GM of California, USA, was hosted by Jane Fisher, DPI, Knoxfield, during Crops” at the RACV, Melbourne, with a Telstra Country Wide video- July. New technology, developed at the Centre for Embedded linkage to six regional locations. Network Sensing (CENS), linking micro sensors, has the potential to monitor the flow of pesticides and chemicals through farms, The Panel debate was chaired by ABC Landline Presenter, Tim Lee waterways and catchments. Professor Hamilton’s visit raised and involved Marcus Kennedy of Australian Wheat Board Ltd (AWB); enthusiasm for the potential use of the networks in agriculture and Greg Patrass, a Victorian grain grower; Julie Newton, a WA grain the collaborative ventures with computing companies. There will be grower; Susie O’Neil of Bayer CropScience, as well as Graham who ongoing contacts between Professor Hamilton and staff at Knoxfield, kicked off the debate. He contrasted the level of acceptability of which will support the development of these technologies in GMOs in medicine vs agriculture and emphasised the need to Australia. address the specifics of each GM crop – ie. on a case-by-case analysis. He also reinforced the fact that genetic modification is only Professor Michael Duffy, Professor of Economics, Ames, Iowa, was a component of the suite of technologies used by biotechnologists in hosted by Max Coster, DPI Bendigo. During his visit he conducted product development. He quoted Dr Jim Peacock of CSIRO who has many seminars and met with local government planning bodies calculated that at least 30 billion meals involving the product of GM around the role of family farms in a mixed economy. He also met crops have been eaten in the last 6 years without a single report of with industry cooperative groups, including retail cooperatives, farm adverse health effects. (“GMOs, Gene Technology and the Troubles service cooperatives and dairy industry representatives on farm with Food” National Press Club Luncheon in Canberra, 16 July 2003) succession. Professor Duffy met with university and Departmental staff in Melbourne and has identified some potential joint projects Other points to emerge from other speakers were that key concerns and studies that might be duplicated in Victoria to benchmark for farmers were: against similar areas in Iowa. • the need to reduce chemical use and time taken “chasing Professor Richard Godwin, from Cranfield University, UK was weeds”; hosted by Peter Fisher, at DPI Tatura. Professor Godwin is involved in • issues of accountability and liability remain unresolved; major precision agriculture research and was involved in as series of questions exist around segregation on-farm and throughout the workshops and seminars with Departmental staff and industry supply chain and the level of intermixing that can be groups. He combined with Professor Hamilton to present at a accommodated with tolerance levels differing throughout the workshop and identified opportunities for the applications of world (eg. 5% 1%, zero); embedded sensor networks for agriculture. He also provided a • the use of the 12 month voluntary moratorium in Victoria on GM summary of his work with the Department and identified future canola to allow a deeper understanding of market access and areas for collaboration between Cranfield University and DPI. trade impacts; strategy and segregation etc; and • finally the widely differing views amongst farmers just as there are within the entire community. CHIEF SCIENTISITS’ UPDATE

S CIENTIFIC E XCHANGE P ROGRAM Rural Social Researcher’s Forum - Trawool: 25-26th June 2003 The following Departmental scientists will travel overseas in the next Josette O’Donnell few months: (Graduate Recruit, Community Capacity Building Officer) Graeme Ward, DPI Warrnambool, will travel to England, Ireland and The Rural Social Researcher’s Forum was sponsored by the Science the Netherlands to examine the management of nutrients and Unit and convened by David Penington and George Riffkin. The Unit effluent on dairy farms. It is anticipated that he will obtain new identified the need to bring together rural social researchers from skills in effluent disposal research and develop scientific links with around the state to develop a network and establish areas for future key overseas research groups. collaboration. Representatives from The University of Melbourne’s Institute of Land and Food Resources, Latrobe University’s Centre for Dr Ellen Jongman, of DPI Werribee will travel to New Zealand during Sustainable Regional Communities, the Centre for Land Protection June and July. Ellen will investigate a hand held device that uses Research and social researchers from the Department of Primary ultrasound and a small electric current to provide accurate Industries and the Department of Sustainability and Environment measurements of hormonal levels and levels of alcohol and caffeine attended the conference. in animals without cutting the skin. The device has been developed by HortResearch, NZ and should have applications in DPI. The first day of the conference was spent sharing with each other the work that we have been involved in and our area of passion for Dr Tina Bell from the Forest Science Centre at Creswick will travel to future research. This was an excellent exercise, as we came to the US to train in the specific techniques necessary for the survey appreciate the contribution each researcher has made to developing and molecular identification of mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. greater understanding of the rural landscape. This understanding This work will form the foundation for a better understanding of has formed a solid foundation for future relationships. From an ecosystems processes involved in the recycling of nutrients and environment and community perspective, the value of social th carbon in natural systems. She will also attend the 4 International research in understanding the impacts of policy options for regional Conference on Mycorrhiza in Canada. Victoria was confirmed. The 23 social researchers present focused their minds to identify A PPENDIX 1 critical areas for social research that will contribute to positive outcomes for rural Victoria. Five major areas emerged: Rural Social Researches Capacity building in rural and regional Victorian communities Background focused around issues such as water, including an understanding of how to build capacity and how to measure impact Social researchers from the Department of Primary Industries (DPI), the Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) and the The need for social research to inform policy development and Universities of Melbourne and LaTrobe, gathered in Trawool on 25 & community engagement: improving linkages between 26 June 2002, supported by Chief Scientist David Penington, with the research/policy interfaces. objective of identifying expertise and shared issues and to commence a dialogue between applied and fundamental The implication of rural landscape change from the human and researchers. One of the aims of the Forum was to determine whether environment perspective or not rural social researchers were working as an effective network The role of planning and its impact on rural landscape change and how collaboration across departments and with universities could be strengthened. Redefining diversity in rural communities and understanding how this diversity affects the way actors look at the landscape List of Priority Issues A commitment was made at the conference to further develop the At the conclusion of the Rural Social Researchers Forum in Trawool, social research capacity of DPI and DSE through collaborative and a list of social issues, relevant to rural and regional Victoria, were supportive relationships with the universities. A small team is now identified. The following five have been sugested as the key issues: investigating the development of further training opportunities and 1. Capacity building in regional and rural Victorian communities linkages with Theme 5 of the Our Rural Landscape Initiative. focused on: a) action type research on processes of capacity building; and b) social research to support processes of capacity building by communities and institutions. 2. Defining the diversity in the social landscape (rural communities are not just farmers) and the impact this diversity (or lack of) has on social values, landscape values and self perceptions by these communities. 3. The social implications of the changin landscape, both in terms of the atural form and the structural adjustments that reshape landscapes. 4. The implications of regionalism on social change. 5. The policy interface – the linking of practice, institutions, legislation and policy. The Next Step To ensure the move forward, the discussion suggested the following: • develop a Rural Social Researchers Network within DPI, DSE and DVC and across universities; • advocate for a regular network function, 2-3 times a year to discuss major issues, including a discussion on research methodologies; and • identify social researchers by establishing a database of expertise. DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES

Chief Scientists’Update

Issue No 30 Date August and September 2003

V ISIT TO DPI TATURA In this edition: The Chief Scientists, Graham Mitchell, Gus Nossal and were impressed with the tremendous and John Stocker recently visited newly re- enthusiasm they encountered. • Visits to DPI christened Kyabram and Tatura PIRVic Research VISIT TO DPI ELLINBANK Tatura and Centres. They heard about current research Kyabram and directions at the centres and discussed, with centre The Chief Scientists’ visit to DPI Ellinbank was DPI Ellinbank; staff, recent changes in Departmental structures. accompanied by cold windy weather. An outline of the Greenhouse Gas Project at Ellinbank • Meeting with At Kyabram, Dairy Program leader, Peter Doyle, gave was presented with a demonstration of the mobile the Secretary of an overview of the centre’s staff, research and laboratory used to measure methane and other the Department. extension activities and facilities. Four science platforms, Soil and Water, Plant Production, animal greenhouse gas emissions from dairy cows and production and landscape systems are represented pastures. The group then visited the National Milk • Update on the at the centre. Peter also gave a snapshot view of the Harvesting Centre, under construction at Ellinbank. Enhancing current dairy industry directions and where he saw The development, funded by the SIE cluster funding Science its future, highlighting the importance of anticipating will include the most up-to-date technologies for Networks customer needs. measuring and recording milk production and the Program. milking process. Kerry Greenwood and Glen Walker gave presentations on their major work programs around Developments in the dairy industry were highlighted water issues for the dairy industry and the on a field trip to the first automated dairy in physiology of milk production. A program overview Australia, which is also the first in the world, based was given on the proposal to determine methods of around pasture based dairying. Similar operations in producing selenium enriched milk which potentially Europe and the USA has a large Asian market. are linked to feed- The Chief Scientists and staff discussed recent lot and enclosed changes in the Departmental structure, the rationale dairy cattle. behind those changes and the challenges and The star of the opportunities that the changes posed. The role of automated dairy industry co-ordinators was considered to be farm was the important in maintaining the linkages with industry robotic milking during the transition period as new programs are machine. developed. Left: The robotic The visit to Tatura was brief but provided the milking unit at the opportunity for Lexie McClymont, PhD student to list automated dairy. the advantages of completing her doctorate at Tatura as opposed to a University, and outline her The dairy milks preliminary findings on partial root zone drying in over 250 cows on a daily basis with very little human grape vines. input. The cows move through the dairy and are milked by the robotic milking machine as and when Wendy Hopkins, Matthew Bethune, Lucy Finger and they feel like it. Inducements to come in for milking Rebecca Lukies all outlined their projects briefly and the Chief Scientists thanked them for their efforts include supplementary feeding and a machine September the Chief Scientists raised strategic issues operated back scratcher on the Department’s science capability, its position in the national funding market and the importance of Below: Automated back scratcher, a popular relationships between industry and the new platform inducement to come in for milking structures. The Chief Scientists will provide input to specific areas to address these matters.

Synchrotron As Ambassador for the Victorian synchrotron, Gus has been involved in working with DIIRD and the Science Unit to provide opportunities for DPI staff to receive training in the application of a synchrotron light source. The applications were assessed by a panel including Gus Nossal, and experts in synchrotron science across Australia. Five projects were identified and are being further developed and refined before four of them are taken overseas to be tested on international synchrotrons. As a result of This operation may be the way of the future for the their experiences the scientists will be better able to dairy industry with changes in social structure of utilise the Australian synchrotron due to be rural communities and the lack of committed staff commissioned in 2007 and will also be able to driving the change. provide input to beamline design. The successful There are major implications for the viability of the scientists are : Jane Whitely and Jennifer Sexton from dairy industry in the face of increasing difficulties in Attwood, Peter Fisher from Tatura, and Roger finding people willing to work the hours required by Armstrong from Horsham. A fifth project has been current milking systems. identified pending the capacity to crystallise samples or to obtain import permits for plants and soils into There was a lively debate about the implications and the USA. advantages and disadvantages of the process. The costs and lack of skilled technical support were seen as as potential disadvantages, although the Other Activities maximum herd size and pasture grazing Presentations at the Conference on Cool Climate management needed were also potential Viticulture; distractions. Obvious advantages were the low Engaging with Visiting Fellows, including Prof Dick labour input, the less physically taxing work involved Godwin and the ability to closely monitor production and health of the cows. The dairy is an example of the Enhancing Science Networks – An Update translation of leading edge technology to the primary industry sector which has benefits for cows and dairy Accessing and developing international and national farmers and the potential to have major social networks is seen as being important in stimulating impacts in regional communities. innovation and translating research outcomes into Overall the Chief Scientists and others were economic growth for Victoria. The Enhancing Science impressed by the quiet and unintrusive manner Networks Program has developed out of the need to in which the cows were milked and the ease link with the 98% of knowledge generated outside with which the cows adapted to the system. Australia and has provided scientists with the opportunity to “tap into” the expertise outside Australia. While the program funding has come to Meetings: an end, there are still international scientists visiting across the State and DPI/DSE scientists visiting Meeting with the Secretary overseas. For further details on where and when you The Chief Scientists report to the Secretary on a can meet any of these scientists contact Bronwyn quarterly basis, providing strategic advice on a broad Clarke of the Science Unit on 9637 8511 range of science issues. At the meeting in Professor Richard Godwin knowledge of spatial analysis techniques, along with their improved application to enhance resource Professor Richard Godwin, from Cranfield University, planning and management within urban and rural UK was hosted by Peter Fisher, at DPI Tatura. Victoria. Specific topics to be covered include GIS Professor Godwin is involved in precision agriculture based techniques for 3D visualisation of multi- research and was involved in as series of workshops criteria location analysis, effective techniques for and seminars with Departmental staff and industry integrating decision tools with GIS, cellular automata groups. He combined with Professor Hamilton, and agent-based modelling, virtual reality for the another Visiting Fellow specialising in embedded built and natural environment and on-line sensors, to present at a workshop and identified community access to information. opportunities for the applications of embedded sensor networks for agriculture. He also provided a summary of his work with the Department and Scientific Exchange Program identified future areas for collaboration between The following Departmental scientists will travel Cranfield University and DPI. overseas in the next few months:

Doctor Donald Suarez Dr Sonia Talman MAFRI Queenscliff will visit the USA Doctor Donald Suarez from Riverside, California was to examine the use of computer image recognition in hosted by Aravind Surapaneni, from DPI Tatura. Dr the identification of marine species, methods of Suarez is regarded as a world authority on hydro- training human observers in scientific observation, salinity models such as UNSATCHEM and FAO-SWS. methods of reducing bycatch in trawl fisheries and These models are used as management tools to deterring cetacean interference in fishing operations. evaluate existing irrigation practices and to predict The visit will also allow her to form scientific the results of alternative practices on chemical networks with world leaders in the field. processes in soil. During his visit he provided advice on projects examining the management of variable Dr Ray King from DPI Werribee will travel overseas to quality water in agriculture. study the scope and managment of contract research organisations similar to that at Werribee. The During October the following Visiting Fellows will be facilities at Werribee are presently used by the in Victoria medical research organisations in Melbourne Doctor Yechiel Zohar from Agricultural Research including St Vincent’s hospital, the Austin Research Organisation, Israel will be hosted by Jim Morris, Institute, the Howard Florey Institute and Prince Forest Science Centre, Heidelberg. Dr Zohar is an Henry’s Institute of Medical Research in association acknowledged international authority on tree with DPI Werribee. There are opportunities to establishment and afforestation in saline, arid and position DPI to take full advantage of the burgeoning degraded lands. This was his second visit to further biomedical research area. In addition, the develop, analyse and report on studies of the collaboration with biomedical research has the comparative salt tolerance of eucalypts that were potential to enhance animal production research established during his first visit in 2002. As a result programs. of his visit it is hoped to develop trees with greater salt tolerance, a better understanding of the Ms Janine Muller DPI Attwood will visit the dynamics of salt accumulation and reliable means of Netherlands to undertake training in the use of establishing vegetation in saline soils. He will also specific monoclonal antibodies in differentiation assist the Forest Science Centre with other saline site between strains of the Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 research in northern Victoria (BVH-1) and to source the monoclonal antibodies and antigen to the three subtypes of the virus. Professor Michael Batty from the Centre for Current tests for the disease do not distinguish Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College between the different strains of the virus and several London, UK will be hosted by Hemayet Hossain, State European countries will not allow the import of cattle Chemistry Laboratories at DPI Werribee. Michael with the more virulent forms of the disease. A test Batty is Professor of Spatial Analysis and Planning at that could detect differences between the strains the University College London and is a world leader would allow Australia to demonstrate its freedom in GIS research and modelling. He will visit Victoria from the more virulent BVH-1 strains and would for two months and contribute towards greater greatly enhance negotiations for the removal of testing requirements for BHV-1 for cattle and bovine serum for export. CHIEF SCIENTISITS’ UPDATE CHIEF SCIENTISITS’ UPDATE DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES

Chief Scientists’Update

Issue No 31 Date October and November 2003

Visit to Horsham complexity of the tasks they addressed increased as In this edition: they gained experience. Underlying the three The full Chief Scientists’ team of four, Gus, Graham, presentations was enthusiasm of youth melding with David and John recently visited DPI Horsham to gain wisdom of experience and the benefits gained by • A visit to DPI further insight into DPI programs and to talk with these characteristics interacting. Horsham; staff about the new structure of DPI research programs. The Chief Scientist’s found that the day provided • Attendance at the opportunity for a comprehensive yet broad After a brief introduction by Chris Korte on the Young Scientists’ discussion on research, extension and opportunities. changes at Horsham to establish the new Forum, the Plant They were interested in the range of specific projects Departments of Primary Industries and Sustainability Health Forum, the being undertaken by Horsham staff related to the and Environment, presentations under three key Biosecurity Forum local area. They were very impressed by the holistic themes formed the program for the day. and the Joint approach to the barley breeding program and the Centre for Crop role of Government in that program, including the Salinity in the Wimmera was addressed by Acting Innovation (JCCI) opportunities created by the new approaches CAS Leader Geoff Miller. A key point picked up by undertaken. The Chief Scientists found plenty of the Chief Scientists was that the Wimmera was in fact • meetings with the food for thought in presentations from the scientists part of the Murray Darling Basin but delivered no PIRVic General at the different stages of their career. Managers, the surface water to the Murray River. Susie Kelm then Agriculture discussed projects assessing the use of saline water Meetings: to produce seaweed and rainbow trout and Julie Industries Policy Young Scientists Forum Andrew discussed her work on identifying native group and the In early October Bendigo Young Scientists hosted the species naturalised in saline environments. Rutherglen third Young Scientists Forum, sponsored by the Forging Our Science Unit and supported by the Chief Scientists. Genes to Beer was the theme for a series of Futures Leadership The aim of the forums is to bring young scientist presentations by the Barley Improvement Team and Group. together to discuss issues specific to them, develop led by PIRVic Cereal Breeding Statewide Leader, John networks across disciplines and provides an Š Brown. The Chief Scientists were taken through the opportunity for interaction with selected senior staff. key technologies applied to streamlining The Chief Scientists support the group throughout development of new varieties. Techniques such as the year with meetings and discussions. using molecular marker technology to enhance product quality and disease resistance characteristics This year’s forum was opened by the Director of the were topics of interest. The linkage to industry and previous Centre for Land Protection (CLPR), Dr outcomes such as improved export marketability of Michael Crawford, followed by presentations from barley impressed the Chief Scientists who also guest speakers, Lindy Lumsden and Associate Professor Dr Peter experienced at close hand one outcome of the Ian Rutherfurd. The guest speakers spoke about their project, tasting a range of final product, albeit very research from an academic and extension small samples. perspective covering topics from bats to river restoration. David McNeil then led a series of three presentations where a scientist from early career, mid career and latter career discussed their differing approaches to innovation in science. James Nuttall, Francis Ogbonnaya and Howard Eagles demonstrated the DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES

• communication within and without the They encouraged Young Scientists to be passionate Department; about their work but at the same time aware of the • access to those needing science; pitfalls of following fads or by being too • the relationship to economics; and constrained by imposed expectations. the need for social science to be explicitly outlined Scientists made presentations related to their work, in research and development and extension. focusing on the role of science in extension and the best presentation was selected by secret ballot at the conclusion of this session. Sophie Wadley’s presentation titled “Responding to Communities in Drought” was selected as the winning presentation with many others being highly commended.

Photo aove: Back: Craig Feuerherdt Middle: Colin Huggins, Sir Gustav Nossal, Kathryn Jones, Maree Platt, Geoff Savage, Dr John Stocker Front: Dr Graham Mitchell, Rexine Perry, Meaghan Brown

Graham Mitchell emphasised the duality of people doing and transmitting science and encouraged the

Photo above: Kennington Reservoir Field Trip: Rexine scientists to complete the cycle of research to Perry, Dr Graham Mitchell, Sir Gustav Nossal and Dr extension, feeding input from extension back to George Riffkin research and supporting community research. Open discussions with Dr Clive Noble, Executive Director PIRVic on the new structure of the Division Plant Health Forum provided staff with the opportunity to hear first All four Chief Scientists attended the second Plant hand the expectations for the new arrangements Health Forum held at Tatura. They noted that there and the potential they offer for scientists to pursue was good cross-site participation including different careers within DPI. younger and older staff members. They were Workshops on the second day allowed Young impressed with the staff response to a hypothetical Scientists in-depth discussions around specific situation posed by an emergency disease outbreak topics of interest before the day concluded with a and the praise of senior Federal quarantine officers presentation from the youngest MP in Victoria, Ms for this response. Jacinta Allen. Ms Allen, Minister for Youth Affairs Biosecurity Forum encouraged all young scientists to take any opportunities, work hard and establish a mentor to Graham Mitchell chaired the second Biosecurity support them in their career. Forum in November, which built on the outcomes of the Chief Scientists’ Biosecurity Forum, held in April 2002. Professor David Lodge, a visiting In summing up John Stocker used the analogy of international expert spoke on the application of career development and vegetation patterns. He risk management processes to the management of described how some careers develop with a deep bio -invasive marine species. The forum was a and focused understanding around a particular joint meeting between DPI/DSE with expertise (the tall gum tree) while others careers representatives from Melbourne University developed around a broader level of knowledge attending. It provided an opportunity for staff in rising and falling but nonetheless enduring (the those organisations, interested in invasive species mallee tree). John also noted that there was management to discuss a collaborative approach to general feeling of optimism about the new developing expertise in this area. Divisional structure but that there were some key Professor Lodge also held meetings with DPI/DSE issues that need to continue to be developed staff involved in legislative reform, and provided a including: CHIEF SCIENTISITS’ UPDATE

public lecture to a joint staff meeting, which was Graham also gave a presentation followed by attended by the Chief Scientists. discussion on leadership, to the Rutherglen Forging Specific outcomes from the visit and the forum our Future Leadership Group. He spoke about the have been the development of a unique people and mentors who had been major management strategy evaluation model for taking a influences in his life and outlined the qualities of a risk-based approach to preventing the spread of true science leader. He provided junior staff with marine pests in Victoria and other Australian an outline of the characteristics of the mentors waters. they should be seeking as they progress through their career. Graham also presented four leadership Other Activities awards following his presentation. The awards are an initiative through the Rutherglen leadership The Chief Scientists met with senior PIRVic staff program where staff nominated a colleague for an and the Executive Director to discuss the science award for demonstrating leadership behaviours in policy interface in DPI, including alignment of any area. Government policy and the requirements of Enhancing Science Networks – An Update industry and purchasers of R&D. They provided feedback on the key DPI priorities outlined for the Professor David Lodge from the University of Notre next five years and the interest in managing the Dame, USA, visited the Victoria in early November sustainability of the agricultural landscape. with a focus on invasive marine pest management, using rigorous risk based models. control Following a meeting with senior agriculture strategies. The visit provided clear directions for industry policy staff the Chief Scientists have the development of risk-based models, and undertaken to continue a close involvement in the management strategy evaluation models, to control GMO debate, providing advice on the management the spread of pests in and to Australia. It has also of community expectations and engagement when resulted in an increased understanding, pro-active requested. participation and endorsement of peak Graham joined staff from the Joint Centre for Crop stakeholders groups in the choice of management Innovation (JCCI) at Rutherglen in early December options for invasive species through a number of for their annual meeting and provided a summary public lectures. at the end of the three day conference. Doctor Yechiel Zohar from Agricultural Research Rutherglen Leadership Group Organisation, Israel is being hosted by Jim Morris, Forest Science Centre, Heidelberg. Dr Zohar is an acknowledged international authority on tree establishment and afforestation in saline, arid and degraded lands. This is his second visit to further develop, analyse and report on studies of the comparative salt tolerance of eucalypts that were established during his first visit in 2002. As a result of his visit it is hoped to develop trees with greater salt tolerance, a better understanding of the dynamics of salt accumulation and reliable means of establishing vegetation in saline soils. He is also assisting the Forest Science Centre with

Photo above: Tamara Lavis thanks Graham Mitchell for his other saline site research in northern Victoria leadership presentation at Rutherglen. CHIEF SCIENTISITS’ UPDATE

During December and January the following Visiting environment and on-line community access to Fellows will be in Victoria: information. Professor Stuart Gage from the Computational Ecology & Visualisation Laboratory (CEVL) at Michigan State University will be hosted by David Williams from DPI Tatura during December and January. Professor Gage is recognised internationally for his research in the field of spatial analysis of complex biological systems. CEVL was established to link ecology and computational technology, especially spatial and temporal analysis. His visit will further develop the collaboration between Michigan State and DPI, as well as increase the capability within DPI to utilise spatial analysis technology in innovative ways. Potential projects include spatial and temporal analysis of nectar flow and bird movements for better management of native birds attacking agricultural crops.

Professor Alessandro Piccolo from Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy will be hosted by DPI Rutherglen. He is an expert in humus chemistry and the iogeochemistyr of natural organic matter in temperate and tropical soils. It is anticipated that his visit will improve understanding of the value of organic waste materials as ameliorants for soil metal toxicity, as well as the mobilisation of phosphorus in weathered soil through the application of organic supplements. His visit will also examine the role of humic substances in the protection and sequestration of carbon to reduce greenhouse gas losses from agricultural soils.

Professor Michael Batty from the Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London, UK will be hosted by Hemayet Hossain, State Chemistry Laboratories at DPI Werribee. Michael Batty is Professor of Spatial Analysis and Planning at the University College London and is a world leader in GIS research and modelling. He will visit Victoria for two months and contribute towards greater knowledge of spatial analysis techniques, along with their improved application to enhance resource planning and management within urban and rural Victoria. Specific topics to be covered include GIS based techniques for 3D visualisation of multi-criteria location analysis, effective techniques for integrating decision tools with GIS, cellular automata and agent-based modelling, virtual reality for the built and natural