Karstenia 34:65-78, 1994

Svalbard Pyrenomycetes. An annotated checklist

LENNART HOLM and KERSTIN HOLM

HOLM, L. & HOLM, K. 1994: Pyrenomycetes. An annotated checklist. - Karstenia 34:65-78. ISSN 0453-3402 The list comprises 135 species, six of which are only referred to genus as possibly representing undescribed taxa. Twenty-three species are new to Svalbard. Several species, previously reported from the area but probably or surely in error, are listed in an appendix. Two new combinations are published, viz. Phaeosphaeria weberi (Oudem.) L. & K.Holm and Wettsteinina distincta (P.Karst.) L. & K.Holm. Key words: ascomycetes, checklist, , pyrenomycetes, Svalbard Lennart Holm and Kerstin Holm, Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Uppsala, Villaviigen 6, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden

Introduction sively. Mathiassen's collections of Dryas have been worked up by us (K. & L. Holm 1993). The pyrenomycete is by no In the summer of 1988, August 10-20, we means unknown. As early as 1872 Karsten pub­ had the opportunity to visit Svalbard as partici­ lished a pioneer paper, based on collections made pants in the ISAM III (Third International Sym­ by members of the Swedish Arctic Expeditions posium on Arctic and Alpine Mycology). Our 1861 and 1868. During the years to follow very material from those excursions is preserved at little was added, but in 1928 there appeared an UPS and forms the basis of this article. Part of it important comprehensive work by Lind, which has recently been described (K. & L. Holm 1993, still is our main source of information on the L. & K. Holm 1993a, 1993b). Lind' s records are subject. Bearing in mind that Lind never visited of course cited, though several are open to doubt Svalbard himself, his list is surprisingly rich. It is and are listed separately. The rather few recent largely based on finds made by Lind when reports are also included, among them in first searching for microfungi on Svalbard plants in place the bryophilous species, found by Dobbeler the herbaria of Copenhagen and Oslo. This is in when scrutinizing herbarium samples of mosses many cases a rewarding method, especially for and liverworts. A noteworthy contribution to grasses and graminoids which often have dead Svalbard mycology is Zabawski's extensive leaves and culms left; an inspection of such study of fungi isolated from peat, among them remains can be quite profitable. The method has several pyrenomycetes. A very complete list of its limitations, though; host plants like Salix, with Svalbard fungi is the still unpublished catalogue easily detached leaves, will hardly be repre­ of Elvebakk, Gjaerum & Sivertsen 1995, which sented, nor will old wood, of Dryas, for example we have had the privilege to consult. It was only recently that mycologists visited The present checklist includes 135 species, Svalbard; the first perhaps was Asbjorn Hagen in six of which are unnamed and may be 1933. His main interest was rusts, and it was left undescribed. Powdery mildews, unitunicates, to Geir Mathias sen, working in the Isfjord area in and bitunicates are treated separately in alpha­ 1986, to collect pyrenomycetes more exten- betical order. Taxa not previously reported from 66 HOLM & HOLM: SVALBARD PYRENOMYCETES KARSTENIA 34 (1994)

Svalbard are marked with an asterisk. Some often Cainiella johansonii (Rehm) E .Miill. mentioned collecting sites are indicated with fig­ In leaves of Dryas octopetala.- 9, Green Har­ ures as follows. 1: Ny-Alesund, slopes facing the bour (L. Holm 1979). sea, ca. 1 km WNW of the Polar Institute. 2: Bird cliff in front of the eastern Lovenbreen glacier, ca. 6.5 km ESE of Ny-Alesund. 3: Rocky slope Chaetomium spp. ca. 1.5 km SE of Ny-Alesund. 4: Blomstrandhalvoya, "London", ca. 5 km NE of C. crispatum Fuckel, C. elatum Schmidt & Ny-Alesund. 5: Blomstrandhalvoya, by the small Kunze, and C. globosum Kunze have been iso­ tarns ca. 1 km NE of"London". 6: Sassen, heaths lated from peat from Hornsund (Zabawski 1976). by the bay Gipsvika. 7: , slopes E of . 8: Western slopes of the valley Endalen, ca. 5 km SE of Longyearbyen. 9: East­ Chamaeascus arcticus L.Holm et al. ern slopes of Endalen. 10: Bolterdalen, slopes of In dead leaves of Carex misandra and C. Mt. Breinosa, ca. 12 km SE ofLongyearbyen. 11: rupestris.-Ny-Alesund, Glaudneset, 2, 4, 6 (L. The mouth of Bolterdalen into . 12: & K. Holm 1993a). Probably widespread but Longyearbyen, slopes near "Gruve 2". easily overlooked.

Erysiphales Coniochaeta ligniaria (Grev.) Cooke Erysiphe graminis DC. Reported from peat, Hornsund (Zabawski 1976). Syn.: Blume ria graminis (DC.) Speer. "On living leaves of Poa alpina, Poa alpigena x arctica and Catabrosa (=Phippsia) algida from Advent Bay, Discostroma hyperborea (P.Karst.) O.E.Erikss. Bjomdalen, Cape Boheman and Wijde Bay" In dead leaves of 2, 7, 10. (Lind 1928). Hagen (1952) reported it from Cassiope tetragona. - Probably common. Longyearbyen, on Phippsia algida. - Conidial stage only. Glomerella amenti (Rostr.) Arx & E .Miill. Sphaerotheca erigeronis-canadensis (Lev.) On catkins of Salix polaris.- 9. Reported from L.Junell Longyeardalen and Kapp Thordsen by Lind (1928). This striking species is hardly common. On Taraxacum arcticum. - Described from Norway, Dovre, on catkins of (Lind 1928), Helvetiadalen (Hagen 1941). Salix reticulata.

Unitunicate Pyrenomycetes Gnomonia dryadis Auersw. Anthostoma polare K. & L.Holm In twigs and persistent leaf bases of Dryas On dead wood of Dryas octopetala. - 2, 8, octopetala.- 4, 8 (K. & L. Holm 1993). Com­ Nordenskiold Land between Foxelva and mon in Lapland and the Alps according to Janssonhaugen (K. & L. Holm 1993). Nograsek (1990).

Cainiella borealis Barr Gnomoniella hyparctica (Lind) Barr Apparently restricted to Cassiope tetragona. - On dead sepals and peduncles of Cassiope 2, Glaudneset, Longyearbyen (L. Holm 1975). tetragona. -First reported by Lind ( 1928) from Probably not rare. Green Harbour and Skansen, cf. L. Holm (1975). KARSTEN lA 34 (1994) HOLM & HOLM: SVALBARD PYRENOMYCETES 67

It may be rather rare, as we have come across it *Pleuroceras helveticum (Rehm) Barr only once, in a scanty sample from Glaudneset. In dead leaves of Salix polaris. - Ny-Alesund near the Polar Institute. Kvadehuken (according to material inC, leg. H. Resvoll-Dieset, sub. nom. Gnomoniella vagans Johans. Linospora insularis, det. Lind). On petioles and peduncles of Dryas octopetala. - 1, 9. Perhaps rare, cf. L. Holm (1979) and Nograsek (1990). Podospora vesticola (Berk & Br.) Mirza & Cain Isolated from peat from Hornsund (Zabawsld Isothea rhytismoides (Bab. ex Berk.) Fr. 1976, as Sporormiella vesticola). Parasitic in lea es of Dryas octopetala. - 4. First mentioned by Wulff (1902) from the Wijdefjorden area. Lind (1928) has records from Bellsund and *Pseudomassaria inconspicua (Johans.) , and Mathiassen collected it in the Barr Adventfjorden area (K. & L. Holm 1993). On dead leaves of spp. - 1, 2, Ny­ Alesund near the Polar Institute; near the "French Huts" (allonS. oppositifolia). 6 (on S. aizoides). *Phomatospora dinemasporium Webster On dead Deschampsia alpina. - 4. Sydowiella dryadis Vasil. var. macrospora Nograsek Phyllachora }unci (Fr.) Fuckel In old wood of Dryas octopetala. - Apparently On ]uncus arcticus.- , fide Lind rather common, several finds listed by K. & L. (1928). There is no material in C to substantiate Holm (1993a). the record but it is not improbable. Bitunicate Pyrenomycetes Physalospora alpestris Niessl *Acrospermum erikssonii Nograsek In dead leaves of Carex spp. - Glaudneset (C. On dead leaves and stems of Papaver dahlianum. misandra), 5 (C. parallela) Krossfjorden on C. -11. Very like A. compressum but distinctive in misandra (Lind 1928). the ascoma anatomy as the peridium is devoid of a gelatinous layer. A probably polyphagous species hitherto known only from the Austrian Physalospora empetri Rostr. Alps, on Silene acaulis and Saxifraga caesia. On Empetrum hennaphroditum - Colesbukta, Mimerdalen (Lind 1928). No material in C, but Atopospora betulina (Fr.) Petr. the records seem probable. On living leaves of Betula nana. - Colesbukta and Adventdalen (Lind 1928). Material in C! Physalospora hyperborea Baumler

In dead leaves of Cassiope tetragona - 2, 7. Bricookea sepalorum (Vleugel) Barr Probably common on this host. Also an acci­ dental find on bark of Dryas octopetala (K. & L. Generally confined to the inflorescences of ]uncus Holm 1993). Not reported by Lind, though de­ spp. but so far not known from Svalbard on this scribed on material from Svalbard: "Auf der genus; however, it is reported on Luzula arctica Insel Spitzbergen gesammelt von A. Gratzl1892 from GnThuken (Lind 1928, as Metasphaeria (Oesterr. Nordpolexpedition)" (Baumler 1898, p. sepalorum). The record may be true but there is no 439). material in C to verify it. 68 HOLM & HOLM: SVALBARD PYRENOMYCETES KARSTENIA 34 (1994)

Bryochiton microscopicus Dobb. & Poelt by a longitudinal septum. It has been grown in culture by 0. Constantinescu, UPSC 2871-72. On Gymnomitrion concinnatum from Barents­ oya, Edgeoya and on G. corallioides from Amsterdamoya (Dobbeler 1978: 217). Cilioplea coronata (Niessl) Munk On various dicotylous herbs. - Apparently not Bryochiton monascus Dobb. & Poelt rare but never(?) in abundance. First reported from Svalbard by L. & K. Holm (1993b) who On Rhacomitrium lanuginosum. - Amster­ listed seven finds . damoya (Dobbeler 1978: 225).

Clathrospora deflectens (P.Karst.) O.E.Erikss. Bryochiton perpusillus Dobb. On grasses and sedges. - Described on material On Polytrichum alpinum from Amsterdamoya, from Svalbard, Liefdefjorden, on Poa alpigena on P. hyperboreum from Longyearbyen and on ("colpodea") and Trisetum spicatum. Collected Ptilidium ciliare from Amsterdamoya (Dobbeler by us on Carex parallela (5) and C. rupestris (6). 1978: 232). Lind (1928: 25 as Pleospora deflectens) claimed to have found it on "many different host-plants, monocotyledones as well as dicotyledones", a Capronia pilosella (Karst.) E.Miill. et al. statement that clearly must refer to some other On old wood of Dryas octopetala. - Sassen, Mt. species, as is also evident from his description. Gronsteinfjell (K. & L. Holm 1993, who also On the other hand his "Clathrospora punctiformis" report the occurrence of a similar form without very probably is this species. setae).

*Clathrospora heterospora (De Not.) Wehm. Capronia polyspora (Barr) E.Miill. et al. Apparently frequent on Carex nardina, as sug­ Apparently most frequent on Ericaceae, cf. B. gested by Lind (1928 as "C. elynae"). Also on Eriksson (1974). - On Cassiope tetragona: Luzula confusa (5). Further reported on Glaudneset 4, 7, 9. On Lycopodium selago: 1, 5 Eriophorum angustifolium, ]uncus arcticus and km SE of Ny-Alesund. On Dryas wood: 7; the Poa alpina by Lind (I.e.). material is only tentatively referred to here, as it deviates in the naked ascomata, cf. K. & L. Holm (1993). Clathrospora pentamera (P.Karst.) Berl. Very common on numerous monocots; we have also found it on Cerastium alpinum, Polygonum *Capronia setosa (Barr) E.Miill. et al. viviparum, and Lycopodium selago. Noteworthy On Saxifraga oppositifolia. - Kongsfjord area, are some finds on old wood of Dryas octopetala between Fuglefjell and the "French Huts". De­ (K. & L. Holm 1993). Lind (1928) listed quite a scribed from Arctic Canada, also on S. number of dicotylous hosts. oppositifolia, and to the best of our knowledge not recorded since. Clathrospora planispora (Ellis) Berl. We have two samples with a fungus that may Capronia sp. represent this species, on Puccinellia angustata On old wood of Dryas octopetala. - (6) and on Eriophorum scheuchzeri (6). The Glaudneset. Apparently a new species, charac­ spores are remarkably variable, however; besides terized i.a. by naked ascomata and fusiform the normal 5-septate spores there are many with ascospores 18-22 x 5- 6 !Jill, with 7 transverse 4 or 6 septa, the latter being indicative of C. septa and often one of the median cells divided arctica Shoemaker & Babcock. KARSTENIA 34 (1994) HOLM & HOLM: SVALBARD PYRENOMYCETES 69

Clathrospora verruculosa O.E.Erikss. Epipolaeum absconditum (Johans.) L.Holm On Poa glauca var. conferta. -At On dead leaves of Dryas octopetala. - 3, (Eriksson 1967a). Carolinedalen. Probably rather frequent but easily overlooked (K. & L. Holm 1993).

Clathrospora sp. A noteworthy form is present in a sample on Gibbera barriae L. & K.Holm ]uncus triglumis (6, Lundqvist 17398a). It seems On Cassiope hypnoides. - So far known only close to C. planispora but deviates in the much from the type locality, at lsfjorden (L. & K. Holm larger spores, 53-58 x 12- 16 ~;it is apparently 1980). the same taxon that was reported on Carex maritima from Iceland (K. & L. Holm 1984: 9 as Clathrospora sp.) Gibbera latispora (Barr) L.Holm On dead leaves of Cassiope tetragona. Didymella distincta (P.Karst.) O.E.Erikss. Glaudneset, 3, 7, 9, probably fairly common. Also found once on Dryas leaves, 3, cf. K. & L. See Wettsteinina distincta Holm (1993). A form with 16-spored asci can be found intermixed. Didymella glacialis Rehm On grasses and sedges.-Reported by Lind (1928) *Guignardia graminicola (Rostr.) P.Larsen on Poa alpigena x alpina from Billefjorden. Un­ fortunately no voucher material is in C, but the On various grasses. - Alopecurus alpinus (8), record is not improbable. Deschampsia alp ina (5), Dupontia pelligera (6), Festuca rubra var. mutica (11). Probably rather common, often abundant. 0 . Eriksson (1967c) Didymosphaeriafutilis (Berk. & Br.) Rehm has reported the occurrence of aberrant forms with more or less frequent 1-septate spores indi­ A polyphagous species, found sparsely on Dryas cating a kinship to or even identity with wood. - 4, Mt. Gronstein fjell (K. & L. Holm Mycosphaerella airicola Petr. We have not come 1993a). across such intermediate forms from Svalbard. A Selenophoma sp. is often intermixed and may be an anamorph. Didymosphaeria sp. On dead leaves of Cassiope tetragona. - 10, very sparsely. Differs from D. futilis by broader *Leptosphaeria monotis Rehm spores, 13-15 x 8-10 ~- On dry leaves of Saxifraga oppositifolia. - At Kongsfjorden near the "French Huts". Probably far from rare on this host which has not attracted Epibryon diaphanum Dobb. much attention from mycologists. Originally de­ On Ptilidium ciliare - Amsterdamoya (Dobbeler scribed from the Alps, on Saxifraga sp., this 1979). species has not been reported since, as far as we know.

Epibryon polysporum Dobb. Leptosphaeria weberi Oudem. On Ptilidium ciliare. - Amsterdamoya (Dobbeler 1978). See Phaeosphaeria weberi. 70 HOLM & HOLM: SVALBARD PYRENOMYCETES KARSTENIA 34 ( 1994)

Lophiostoma cf. myriocarpum Fuckel Montagnula spinosella (Rehm) Crivelli On old Dryas wood. - Helvetiadalen (K. & L. On various monocots. - Ny-Alesund (Luzula Holm 1993). confusa, Co/podium vahlianum). 2 (Carex misandra). Endalen (Deschampsia caespitosa). Cf. L. & K. Holm (1993b). Lophiostoma winteri (Sacc.) Wint.

On old Dryas wood. -Apparently fairly common *Mycosphaerella arthopyrenioides (Auersw.) (K. & L. Holm 1993). Lindau On Papaver dahlianum. - 9, 10. Probably wide­ *Lophiotrema vagabundum (Sacc.) Sacc. spread. The determination is somewhat tentative but our material matches well the original de­ On Luzula confusa (Ny-Alesund, near the Polar scription and figure. Institute), Deschampsia alpina (4).

Mycosphaerella cassiopes Barr Massarina balnei-ursi (Rehm) K. & L.Holm On Cassiope tetragona, mainly on the peduncles. On wood of Dryas octopetala. - Four localities - Common and probably coextensive with its host. listed by K. & L. Holm (1993). Reported by Lind (1928) as M. inconspicua.

Massariopsis wuljfii (Lind) Lind "Mycosphaerella cerastii (Rabenh.) Magn." "On Poa arctica, Poa alpigena x arctica and Reported by Karsten (as Sphaerella cerastii Puccinellia vahliana from Cross Bay, Quade Hoek Fuckel) on Cerastium alpinum from Norskoyane. and Nordfjord" (Lind 1928).-We have not found His material (UPS) consists of two small leaves this little known species, of doubtful taxonomic with sclerotia of Ramularia albo-rosella (Desm.) position. In C are two samples: the type (from Gjaerum, det. E. Gunnerbeck. As far as is known, Greenland) and one from Svalbard, Krossfjorden, this Ramularia is not associated with a Poa arctica, leg. H. Resvoll-Dieset. Mycosphaerella (E.G. viva voce).

*Massariosphaeria cf. grandispora (Sacc.) Mycosphaerella confinis (Karst.) Dearn. Leuchtm. On Braya purpurascens, Draba subcapitata, On ]uncus biglumis. - 5. Draba wahlenbergii, probably also on other Cruciferae. - At Krossfjorden, Kongsfjorden, Adventfjorden, Wijdefjorden. Lind (1928, 1934) Melanomma dryadis Johans. reported it from many hosts, apparently partly refer­ On Dryas octopetala mainly in the flowers. - ring to M. densa. Probably widespread, cf. K. & L. Holm (1993).

Mycosphaerella densa (Rostr.) Lind Microthyrium holmiae Nograsek On Arenaria pseudofrigida. - Apparently fre­ On old Dryas leaves. -1, cf. K. &L. Holm (1993). quent on this host and perhaps confined to it, though reported also on other plants by i.a. Lind (1928).

*Microthyrium microscopicum Desm. subsp. arctoalpinum Nograsek *Mycosphaerella equiseti (Fuckel) Schrot. Carex misandra. - Glaudneset. On Equisetum scirpoides. - 9. KARSTEN! A 34 ( 1994) HOLM & HOLM: SVALBARD PYRENOMYCETES 71

*Mycosphaerella equiseticola Bond.-Mont. Mycosphaerella pusilla (Auersw.) Johans. On Equisetum scirpoides. - 9. On Carex spp. - Isfjorden (Lind 1928). A poorly known species, maybe M. recutita.

Mycosphaerella halophila (Bomm., Rouss. & Sacc.) O.E.Erikss. Mycosphaerella ranunculi (P.Karst.) Lind On Honkenya peploides. - Adventfjorden, On leaves and stems of Ranunculus nivalis and 9.VIII.1882 Nathorst (UPS). This fungus has R. sulphureus. - According to Lind (1928) mostly been referred to M. tassiana. The host is common on Svalbard, which seems to be true. rare on Svalbard (Ronning 1979).

Mycosphaerella recutita (Fr.) Johans. *Mycosphaerella lycopodii (Peck) House On various monocots, frequent. -Lind (1928) On Lycopodium selago.- 3, 7. as M. wichuriana. Possibly identical with M. minor on dicots?

Mycosphaerella maculiformis (Pers.) Schrot. Mycosphaerella stellarinearum (Rabenh.) "On dead leaves of Betula nana, Coles Bay" Johans. (Lind 1928). -The record has not been verified but is not improbable. Reported by Karsten (1872) on Stellaria longipes s. lat. and S. humifusa. According to von Arx (1949) it is identical with M. tassina, which actually seems Mycosphaerella minor (P.Karst.) Johans. probable as that species is very frequent on Stellaria on Svalbard, especially S. longipes. Frequent on various dicots.

Mycosphaerella taraxaci (P.Karst.) Dearn. Mycosphaerella octopetalae Oudem. On dead, and living leaves of Taraxacum arcticum. On Dryas leaves, probably coextensive with the - Common, according to Lind (1928), which host. seems to be true.We have found it on most her­ barium specimens of the host with still attached dead leaves (UPS). Mycosphaerella pedicularidis (P.Karst.) Lind On Pedicularis hirsuta and P. dasyantha, ap­ Mycosphaerella tassiana (De Not.) Johans. parently common. Almost omnivorous and very common.-Accord­ ing to Lind (1928) "it is never found on the more robust and thick-skinned plants such as Dryas, Mycosphaerella perexigua (P.Karst.) Johans. Betula nana, Salix, Vaccinium, Empetrum", which Very common on ]uncus biglumis, also seen on seems to be true. Carex misandra and Luzula confusa. Mycosphaerella vivipari (G.Winter) Lind Mycosphaerella polaris (P.Karst.) Lindau On dead leaves of Polygonum viviparum. - sensu auct. non sensu orig. According to Lind (1928) "found along the On dead leaves of Salix polaris. - 9, 10, 12. whole of the western shores of from Reported by Lind from Bellsund, Wijdefjorden Sorkapp to Cross Bay". Hardly common, though, and Sorkapp. Probably frequent. The taxonomic as not collected by us (but found in two samples confusion involved will be dealt with separately. from the Isfjorden area, leg. Asplund, UPS). 72 HOLM & HOLM: SVALBARD PYRENOMYCETES KARSTENIA 34 (1994)

Mycosphaerella sp. five samples, three of which may belong to Eriksson's "form 5a" (= P. ovei Shoem. & On leaves of Cassiope tetragona. - 7. This Babcock). Ny-Alesund (Co/podium vahlianum), probably new species has been reported from 6 (Dupontia pelligera), 7 (Alopecurus alpinus). Scandinavia, on the same host (L. Holm 1975). The other two samples represent another form, with strongly brown spores with septation 2, 3- 1-4. They are from the same site, 5 Otthia dryadis K. & L.Holm & Nograsek (Deschampsia alpina and Luzula confusa). On old wood of Dryas octopetala. - 2, Isfjord area (K. & L. Holm 1993) . Scanty and obviously not common. Phaeosphaeria insignis (P.Karst.) L.Holm On several grasses. - Reported by Karsten from Phaeosphaeria caricinella (P.Karst.) O.E. the areas of "Advent Bay, , Lommebay Erikss. et Liefdebay", and apparently fairly common. On various monocots. - The type is from Nordfjorden area on Carex saxatilis; we have *Phaeosphaeria juncina (Auersw.) L.Holm found it twice: Ny-Alesund, near the airfield On Luzula confusa. - Ny-Alesund. (Co/podium vahlianum), 4 (Eriophorum scheuchzeri). Lind (1928) reported it on several hosts "from over all the western and northern (L. & coasts of Spitsbergen ... ". Phaeosphaeria lindii K.Holm) Leuchtm. On Equisetum arvense (Ny-Alesund) and on E. Phaeosphaeria consobrina (P.Karst.) O.E. scirpoides (9) . Most remarkable is a find on old Erikss. Dryas fruits (K. & L. Holm 1993a). Some of On Carex spp. -The type is from the Nordfjord Lind's reports of P. equiseti may refer to this area on Carex saxatilis. Found by us once, on species, and certainly one from Bellsund, cf. L. & Carex parallela (5). Lind reported it on these K. Holm (1981). sedges "from several localities in the Ice Fjord". *Phaeosphaeria marcyensis (Peck) L. & Phaeosphaeria culmorum (Auersw.) Leuchtm. K.Holm On Luzula cf. confusa. - Ny-Alesund. The de­ On leaves of Lycopodium selago. - 3, 7. termination is tentative.

Phaeosphaeria microscopica (P.Karst.) Phaeosphaeria equiseti (P.Karst.) L. & K. O.E.Erikss. Holm On various monocots. - Described on material On Equisetum spp. - Ny-Alesund, near the Po­ from Svalbard and according to Lind (1928) lar Institute, on E. arvense. 9. on E. scirpoides. seen "from all the places visited from According to Lind (1928) "On Equisetum Sorkapplandet up to Wijde Bay and Lomme . scirpoides and E. variegatum from several locali­ Bay". ties from Rechenche Bay up to Wijde Bay". This seems probable though the material seen by Lind might have included P. lindii. Phaeosphaeria nigrans (Rob. ex Desm.) L.Holm

Phaeosphaeria herpotrichoides (De Not.) "On Festuca ovina, Klaas Billen Bay and on L.Holm Carex parallela, Dickson Bay" (Lind, 1928) as Leptosphaeria culmicola. - There is no voucher On monocots, esp. grasses. - Found by us in material inC, but the records are not improbable. KARSTENIA 34 ( 1994) HOLM & HOLM: SVALBARD PYRENOMYCETES 73

Phaeosphaeria silenes-acaulis (De Not.) Pleospora comata Niessl s. lat. L.Holm On several dicots.- Apparently widespread. (L. On dead leaves of Silenes acaulis. - Ny­ & K. Holm 1993b). Alesund. Probably common, but few reliable records. Pleospora glacialis Niessl Phaeosphaeria stellariae (Rostr.) Leuchtm. On Cerastium spp. - Probably rather common. On dead leaves of Stellaria longipes call. - 7, Also on Oxyria digyna (L. & K. Holm 1993b). 9. Probably common, by Lind (1928) included in P. silenes-acaulis. Pleospora helvetica Niessl Very common on many dicots, also found on Phaeosphaeria vagans (Niessl) O.E.Erikss. Lycopodium selago (7) and Luzula arctica (2), On various monocots, mainly grasses. - 6 cf. L. & K. Holm (1993b). (Dupontia pelligera and Eriophorum scheuchzeri). Brennevinsfjorden (Phippsia algida), fide Lind (1928). Pleospora penicillus (Schmidt ex Fr.) Fuckel Common on numerous dicots (also Dryas wood, Phaeosphaeria weberi (Oudem.) L. & rare on monocots (L. & K. Holm 1993b). K.Holm, comb. nova Basionym: Leptosphaeria weberi Oudem. (1885, p. Pleospora spetsbergensis K. & L.Holm 156). On overwintered leaves of Ranunculus spp. - Found by us in two samples: Green Harbour, R. On Dryas wood. -Probably rather common, K. sulphureus, leg. Asplund (UPS); 9 (R. pygmaeus). & L. Holm (1993b). Reported by Lind (1928) "on Ranunculus pygmaeus from Sorkapplandet, Cape Boheman and Cape Thordsen". There is no material in C to Pleospora wulffii Lind confirm these records, but they are quite probable. The species is very like P. stellariae but perhaps On Stellaria longipes coll. - Probably not rare, distinguishable by more guttulate spores. Described but so far known from three samples only: from Novaya Zemlya and also known from Arctic Wijdefjorden, Longyearbyen, Endalen, cf. L. & Canada (Barr 1959, Shoemaker 1984). K. Holm (1993b).

Pleospora androsaces Fuckel Pyrenophora raetica (E.Mtill.) Crivelli On dead Silene acaulis.- 6. Rare? Lind's many On various grasses. - Known from Svalbard on records on other hosts are certainly erroneous, cf. Phippsia algida, Poa spp. and Puccinellia L. & K. Holm (1993b). angustata (L. & K. Holm 1993b).

Pleospora arctica P.Karst. Pyrenophora schroeteri Barr Very common on grasses, less frequent on other On Hierochloe alpina. - Colesbukta (Lind monocots, rare on dicots (L. & K. Holm 1993b). 1928, as "Pleoporara macrospora"). We have searched in vain (as Nannfeldt earlier) for the species in the Svalbard material of Hierochloe Pleospora ascodedicata K. & L.Holm & alpina in UPS. Lind (l.c.) also claimed to have Nograsek found the species on Arctophila fulva from On old Dryas wood.- 2, 5 (L. & K. Holm 1993b ). Sorkapplandet. 74 HOLM & HOLM: SVALBARD PYRENOMYCETES KARSTENIA 34 (1994)

Pyrenophora subalpina (E.Miill.) Crivelli *Trichothyrina salicis J.P.Ellis On various grasses, also found on ]uncus On dead leaves of Salix reticulata, mainly the biglumis. - Known from Liefdefjorden, under side, Ny-Alesund, det. J.P. Ellis. The spe­ Lommefjorden, Longyearbyen and Endalen (L. cies was so far known only from England, on & K. Holm 1993b). Salix atrocinerea. A very similar, perhaps iden­ tical form on Saxifraga oppositifolia from the same locality. Ronnigeria arctica (Oudem.) Petr. "On Potentilla pulchella. Treurenberg Bay" Lind 1928). We have examined the collection cited by Trichothyrina sp. Lind (C) without finding this fungus, which, On Silene acaulis, Ny-Alesund. - A quite however, is likely to occur on Svalbard. characteristic species with large thyriothecia, up to 0.3 mm with fimbriate margin. Schizothyrium sp. On Saxifraga oppositifolia. - Ny-Alesund. *Venturia oxyriae (Rostr.) Sacc. On Oxyria digyna. - Ny-Alesund, 7, 12. Scleropleella hyperborea (Fuckel) L.Holm Common on Cassiope tetragona, once found on Venturia polygoni-vivipari v. Arx Dryas leaves (9). On overwintered Polygonum viviparum. - Ob­ viously common. Lind' s records of "Mycosphaerella polygonorum (Criee) Lind" Sporormiella americana (Griff.) Ahmed & certainly refer to this species. Cain On droppings of ?goose. - Woodfjorden (Reid 1979). Venturia potentillae (Wallr.) Cooke sensu Barr On Potentilla pulchella. - 6. Reported by Lind Sporormiella polymera (Cain) Ahmed & (1928) from Bellsund, Adventdalen and Cain Billefjorden as "Coleroa circinans". Isolated from peat from Hornsund (Zabawski 1976). Venturia subcutanea Dearn. On dead leaves of Salix polaris and S. reticulata. Sporormiella teretispora Ahmed & Cain - Common. One sample on Betula nana (8) As the preceding species. probably also is this species, anyway not V. ditricha.

Stomiopeltis dryadis (Rehm) L.Holm Wentiomyces dryadis K. & L.Holm On Dryas leaves. -Probably widespread, cf. K. & L. Holm (1993). On dead leaves of Dryas octopetala (10); also sparsely on Cassiope tetragona (2, 4). Rare? (K. & L. Holm 1993). *Taphrophila argyllensis Scheuer On Deschampsia alp ina.-9, confirm. C. Scheuer. Wettsteinina andromedae (Auersw.) Barr Hitherto known from the type collection only, from Scotland on D. cespitosa (Scheuer 1991). On Cassiope tetragona, rather common. KARSTENIA 34 (1994) HOLM & HOLM: SVALBARD PYRENOMYCETES 75

Wettsteinina distincta (P.Karst.) L. & Doubtful records in Lind (1928) K.Holm, comb. nova Clathrospora punctiformis (Niessl) Berl. Syn.: Sphaerella distincta P.Karst. 1872: 107. Probably identical with C. deflectens, cf. On grasses. - Lind (1928) reported it "from Eriksson (1967a). many places", on Phippsia algida, P. concinna, Puccinellia angustata and Co/podium vahlianum (type host). Hardly common as not found by us. Coleroa circinans (Moug.) G.Winter Wettsteinina magnifica Shoemaker & Babcock (1987: 384) is probably a synonym of this spe­ Apparently identical with Venturia potentillae. cies. It was described on material from Arctic Canada, on Poa sp. and Puccinellia angustata. Didymosphaeria dryadis Berl. & Vogl. Probably Wettsteinina dryadis, cf. L. Holm Wettsteinina dryadis (Rostr.) Petr. (1979). On Dryas octopetala, fairly common. Leptosphaeria algida Rostr. Wettsteinina eucarpa (P.Karst.) E.Miill. & v. This is a poorly known member of the Arx Phaeosphaeria eustoma group, reported on Phippsia. No material in C to substantiate the On Polygonum viviparum. - Apparently rather records. common. Lind (1928) claims to have found it on Pedicularis hirsuta. Leptosphaeria arundinacea (Sow.) Sacc. Wettsteinina macrotheca (Rostr.) E.Miill. "On Poa abbreviata, Gips Bay". A highly im­ probable record as the species is confined to "On Carex pulla and Carex subspathacea from Phragmites. No material in C. Bell Sound and Kings Bay" (Lind 1928). Not seen by us, but the records are very probable. Leptosphaeria coniothyrium (Fuckel) Sacc. *Wettsteinina }unci Shoem. & Babe. "On leaves of Salix polaris, Sassen Bay". A most improbable record; the species is generally found On ]uncus spp.- Glaudneset (J. biglumis), 5 (1. on Rubus canes. No material in C. biglumis). Hitherto known only by the type from Canada, NWT, on J. castaneus. Leptosphaeria graminum Sacc. "On Poa alpigena x alpina. Olsokflyan". No *Wettsteinina salicicola Nograsek material of this poorly known taxon in C . On leaves of Salix reticulata. - Ny-Alesund. First find of this species from the Arctic, previ­ Linospora insularis Johans. ously known from Swedish Lapland and the Probably Pleuroceras helveticum (Rehm) Barr. Austrian Alps.

Mycosphaerella eriophila (Niessl) Lindau *Wettsteinina savilei Shoem. & Babe. "On Erigeron unalaschkensis, Advent Bay and On Carex misandra (2, Glaudneset) and ]uncus Alkhomet". - No relevant material in C. The biglumis (5).- So far known only from the type evidence for the determination seems weak; any­ collection from Arctic Canada, NWT, on Carex way the species was referred to M. tassiana by misandra. von Arx (1949). 76 HOLM & HOLM: SVALBARD PYRENOMYCETES KARSTEN! A 34 ( 1994)

Mycosphaerella polygonorum (Criee) Lind later (1934) synonymized P. media with P. infectoria, in his sense probably identical with P. penicillus. See Venturia subcutanea.

Pleospora scirpicola (DC.) P.Karst Pleospora dianthi (Ces.) Berl. The species is unlikely to occur on the host plants "On Melandrium affine and apetalum from the indicated (Eriophorum angustifolium, ]uncus Ice Fjord". - There are three samples from arcticus, Festuca spp.). There are two samples inC Svalbard under this name, det. Lind, inC, two of under this name, det. Lind: Coles Bay, Festuca which contain an identifiable fungus: 1. "Klaas ovina, 7.8.1908 H. Resvoll.- Greenbay, Festuca Billen Bay, Melandrium affine, 19.7.1908 H. rubra, 21.7.1915 Asplund. We have found Resvoll-Dieset" - this is Cilioplea coronata. 2. Pleospora arctica in both, but no P. scirpicola. "Advent Bay, M. apetalum, 21.8 .1908 H. Resvoll-Dieset" - this is Pleospora comata. According to Wehmeyer (1961) P. dianthi is Pyrenophora cerastii (Oudem.) Lind identical with P. phaeocomoides (Berk. & Br.) Wint. According to Lind a polyphagous species; in his sense probably identical with Pleospora helvetica.

Pleospora discors (Dur. & Mont.) Ces. & De Not. Pyrenophora chrysospora (Niess!) Sacc. "Found on many species of Monocotyledones." An ambiguous name, in Lind's sense apparently -As demonstrated by Eriksson (1967a) Lind's Pleospora helvetica. concept of P. discors was erroneous and referred to P. arctica. Pyrenophora filicina Lind "On Cystopteris fragilis, Bell Sound". - Pleospora herbarum (Fr.) Rabenh. "Lind' s spore description suggests P. helvetica. Lind reported the species on numerous hosts. We The species must remain in doubt" (Wehmeyer believe, in fact, that his material represented P. 1961). No material in C. helvetica with reduced setae.

Pyrenophora hispida (Niess!) Sacc. Pleospora infectoria Fuckel "On Melandrium affine and apetalum at different "Very common on many different host­ places in the Ice Fjord" (Lind 1928). The descrip­ plants .. ." . - Lind apparently had in mind forms tion suggests Pleospora helvetica, which is of P. penicillus with reduced bristles. conspecific with P. hispida, fide Crivelli (1983).

Pleospora }unci Pass. & Beltr. Pyrenophora paucitricha (Fuckel) Berl & Vogl. Lind identified this species with P. spinosella Rehm (which is incorrect, fide Wehmeyer 1961) "On dead leaves of Salix polaris and Salix and recorded it on ]uncus and Luzula. There is reticulata from all places visited". - There are one pertinent sample inC: Bellsound, July 1838, two samples from Svalbard, on Salix polaris , in ]uncus biglumis, leg. J. Vahl, det. Lind. -This C, both determined to this species by Lind. Both is P. helvetica. As mentioned earlier in this paper, are very poor and did not yield anything when Montagnula (identical with Pleospora) scrutinized by us . P. paucitricha is a doubtful spinosella does occur on Svalbard. taxon according to Wehmeyer (1961).

Pleospora media Niess! Pyrenophora setigera (Niess!) Sacc. "On Cerastium alpinum. Bell Sound". -Lind Recorded on a few hosts, i.a. Saxifraga KARSTENIA 34 ( 1994) HOLM & HOLM: SVALBARD PYRENOMYCETES 77 oppositifolia. A sample in UPS on this host has Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 68: 192-234. been referred to P. setigera by Lind. It is P. Eriksson, 0. 1967a: On graminicolous pyrenomycetes penicillus. from Fennoscandia. I. Dictyosporous species. - Arkiv Bot., ser. 2, 6(8): 339-379. Eriksson, 0. 1967b: On graminicolous pyrenomycetes from Fennoscandia. 2. Phragmosporous and Pyrenophora wichuriana (Schrot.) Sacc. scolecosporous species. - Arkiv Bot., ser. 2, 6: 381-440. "On Carex pulla, Advent Bay".- No material in Eriksson, 0. 1967c: On graminicolous pyrenomycetes C. Schroter's fungus may have been P. from Fennoscandia. 3. Amerosporous and penicillus, fide Wehmeyer (1961). didymosporous species. - Arkiv Bot. ser. 2, 6: 441-466. Hagen, A. 1941: Micromycetes from Vestspitsbergen col­ lected by dr. Emil Had c in 1939. - Meddel. Venturia chlorospora (Ces.) P.Karst. Norges Svalbards Ishavs-Unders. 49: 1-11. Hagen, A. 1952: Plants collected in Vestspitsbergen in the The records apparently refer to V. subcutanea. summer of 1933. - Meddel. Norsk Polarinst. 70: 1-14. Holm, K. & Holm, L. 1984: A contribution to the Venturia ditricha (Fr.) P.Karst. mycoflora of Iceland.- Acta Bot. Islandica 7: 3- 11. "On dead leaves of Betula nana. Coles Bay".­ Holm, K. & Holm, L. 1993: Dryadicolous Ascomycetes Maybe V. subcutanea. No material in C. from Svalbard. -Bib!. Mycol. 150: 53-62. Holm, L. 1975: Taxonomic Notes on Ascomycetes VIII. Microfungi on Cassiope tetragona. - Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 69: 143- 160. Venturia petasitidis (Fuckel) Sacc. Holm, L. 1979: Microfungi on Dryas.- Bot. Not. 132: "On leaves of Petasites frigidus, Cape Thordsen 77-92. Holm, L. & Holm, K. 1980: Microfungi on Cassiope and Longyearbyen". We have also found a (Harrimanella) hypnoides. - Norw. J. Bot. 27: Venturia sp. on Petasites frigidus, but it is cer­ 179- 184. tainly not V. petasitidis, which is a Gibbera or Holm, L. & Holm, K. 1981: Nordic equiseticolous Epipolaeum according to Muller & von Arx pyrenomycetes.- Nordic J. Bot. 1: 109-119. (1962). Holm, L. & Holm, K. 1993a: Two new northern pyrenomycetes.- Blyttia 51: 121-123. Holm, L. & Holm, K. 1993b: The genus Pleospora s. I. from Svalbard. - Sydowia 45: 167-187. References Karsten, P. A. 1872: Fungi in insulis Spetsbergen et Beeren Eiland collecti. - Ofvers. Vet.- Akad. Fiirhandl. 1872 (2): 91-108. Arx, J.A. von. 1949: Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gattung Lind, J, 1928: The Micromycetes of Svalbard.- Skrift. Mycosphaerella.- Sydowia 3: 28-100. Svalbard Ishavet 13: 1-61. Barr, M.E. 1959: Northern pyrenomycetes I. Canadian Lind, J, 1934: Studies on the geographical distribution of Eastern Arctic.- Contr. In st. Bot. Univ. Montreal arctic circumpolar Micromycetes. - K. Danske 73: 1-101. Vidensk. Selskab, Bioi. Meddel. 11(2): 1-152. Baumler, J. A. 1898: Mykologische Fragmente.- Annal. Muller, E. & von Arx, J.A. 1962: Die Gattungen der Naturhist. Hofmuseum Wien 13: 438-442. didymosporen Pyrenomyceten. - Beitr. Crivelli, P.G. 1983: Ueber die heterogene Kryptogamenflora Schweiz 11(2): 1- 922. Ascomycetengattung Pleospora Rabh.; Vorschlag Nograsek, A. 1990: Ascomyceten auf Gefasspflanzen der fiir eine Aufteilung.- Diss. ETH ZUrich 73 18: 1- Polsterseggenrasen in den Ostalpen. - Bib!. 213. Mycol. 133: 1- 271. Dobbeler, P. 1978: Moosbewohnende Ascomyceten I. Die Oudemans, C.A.J.A. 1885: Contributions a Ia flare pyrenocarpen,den Gametophyten besiedelnden mycologique de Nowaja Semlja. - Verslag. Arten.- Mitt. Bot. Staatssamrnl. Miinchen 14: 1-360. Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., ser. Dobbeler, P. 1979: Moosbewohnende Ascomyceten III. 3, 2: 146- 162. Einige neue Arten der Gattungen Nectria, Epibryon Reid, D.A. 1979: Some fungi from Spitsbergen.- Rep. und Punctillum. - Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. Kevo Subarct. Res. Sta. 15: 41-47. Miinchen 15: 193-221. Rf!nning, 0. 1979: Svalbards flora. Ed. 2. - Norsk Elvebakk, A., Gjaerum, H. B. & Sivertsen, S. 1995: A Polarinstitutt, Oslo. 128 pp. catalogue of th e plants, fungi, algae and Scheuer, C. 1991: Taphrophila (Dothideales: cyanobacteria of Svalbard. IV, Fungi 2. (in press). Tubeufiaceae) and two species of Tubeufia with Eriksson, B. 1974: On Ascomycetes on Diapensiales and dark setae.- Mycol. Res. 95: 811 - 816. Ericales in Fennoscandia. 2. Pyrenomycetes. - Shoemaker, R. A. I 984: Canadian and some extralimital 78 HOLM & HOLM: SVALBARD PYRENOMYCETES KARSTENIA 34 (1994)

Leptosphaeria species.- Canad. J. Bot. 62: 2688- Spitzbergen. - Diss., Univ. Lund. 116 pp. 2729. Zabawski, J. 1976: Soil fungi isolated from peat bogs in Shoemaker, R.A. & Babcock, C.E. 1986: Wettsteinina. Hornsund region (West Spitsbergen). - Proc. 5th - Canad. J. Bot. 65: 373-405. Int. Peat Congress, Poznan, Poland, Sept. 1976, 2: Wehmeyer, L.E. 1961: A world monograph of the genus 158-170. Pleospora and its segregates. - Univ . Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. 451 pp. Wulff, T. 1902: Botanische Beobachtungen aus Received on 23 May 1994