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Indian Economic Development: an Evaluation of EDA's Selected Indian Reservation Program

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Indian Economic Development: an Evaluation of EDA's Selected Indian Reservation Program DOCUMENT RESUME ED 134 350 RC 009 612 TITLE Indian Economic Development: An Evaluation of EDA's Selected Indian Reservation Program. Volume II: Individual ReservaticA Reports, Appendices. INSTITUTION Boise cascade center for community Development, Idaho. SPONS AGENCY Economic Development Administration (DOC), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Jul 72 CONTRACT EDA-72-59874 NOTE 362p. EDRS PRICE NF-$0.83 Ec-$19.41 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *American Indians; Cultural Background; *Economic Development; Employment opportunities; Federal Aid; Geographic Location; Job Development; Planning; *Program Evaluation; *Projects; *Reservations (Indian); Technical Assistance IDENTIFIERS *Economic Development Administration; *Selected Indian Reservation Program ABSTRACT As the appendices to an evaluation of the Economic Development Administration's (EDA) Selected Indian Reservation Program, this portion of the evaluation report presents individualized evaluations of each of the 16 reservations originally selected for the program in 1967. Each reservation evaluation is presented in terms of the following format: conclusions and recommendations; setting and background; and project analyses. The 16 reservations which are evaluated include the following: Annette Island, Alaska; Blackfeet, Montana; crow, Montana; Crow Creek, South Dakota; Fort Berthold, North Dakota; Gila River, Arizona; Lower Brule, South Dakota; Mescalero, New Mexico; Navajo (Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah); Pine "Jidge, South Dakota; Red Lake, Minnesota; Rosebud, South Dakota; Salt River, Arizona; san Carlos, Arizona; Standing Rock, North Dakota; Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico. (JC) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * vta the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRs). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. * *********************************************************************** 1 INDIAN A UNITED MANS OEPARIMEM OF COMMERCE PUBLICAT'ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT if""\t An Evaluation of EDA's Selected IndianReservation Program ZS) t - 4. 4 :bj vet U.S. DEPARTMENT COMMEROCFE %N. Economic Development Adrnimstration INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT An Evaluation of EDASs Selected Indian Reservation Program VOLUME II INDIVIDUAL RESERVATION REPORTS APPENDICES Prepared for the ECCUOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Washington, D. C. 20230 by BOISE CASCADE CENTER FOR COMUFITY DEVELOPMENT July 1972 EDA-72-59874 This program analysis study was accomplished by professional consul- tants under contract (Number 1-35438) with the Economic Development Administration. The statements, findings, conclusions, recommenda- tions, and other data in this report are solely those of the Contrac- tor and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Economic Develop- ment Administration. 3 INDIVIDUAL RESERVAfION REPORTS Table of Contents Annette island, Alaska A. Conclusions and Recommendations 3 B. Setting and Background . 8 C. Project Analyses 14 Blackfeet, Montana .. ... 23 A. Conclusions and Recommendations . 25 B. Setting and Background .. 29 C. Project An.lyses . 37 Crow, Montana .... 53 A. Conclusions and Recommendations 55 B. Setting and Background .. 59 C. Project Analyses 65 Crow Creek, South Dakota . 81 A. Conclusions and Recommendations 83 B. Setting and Background ..... .. 86 C. Project Analyses .... ... 90 Fort Berthold, North Dakota 97 A. conclusions and Recommendations 99 B. Setting and Background 103 C. Project Analyses .. 110 Gila River, Arizona. 119 A. Conclusions and Recommendations . 121 B. Setting and Background .. 125 C. Project Analyses 131 Lower Brule, South Dakota .. 147 A. Conclusions and Recommendati.Ins . .. l49 B. Setting and Background ..............151 C. Project Analyses .. .. ...........154 Mescalero, New Mexico .. 157 A. Conclusions and Recommendationr ................159 B. Setting and Background ...... 163 C. Project Analyses .......... .....170 4 Page. Navajo, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah . 179 A. Conclusions and Recommendations 181 B. Setting and Background 185 C. Project Analyses 190 Pine Ridge, South Dakota 209 A. Conclusions and Recommendations 211 B. Setting and Beckground , 214 C. Project Analys3s 218 Red Lake, Minnesota 225 A. Conclusions and Recommendations 227 B. Setting and Background 230 C. Project Analyses 236 Rosebud, Souch Dakota 248 A. Conclusions and Recommerdazions..% 251 B. Setting and Background 255 C. Project Analyses 259 Salt River, Arizona 269 A. Conclusions and Recommendations 271 B. Setting and Background ... 274 C. Project Analyses 280 San Carlos, Arizona. 283 A. Conclusions and Recommendations 285 B. Setting and Background 287 C. Project Analyses .. 291 Standing Rock, North Dakota 297 A. Conclusions and Recommendations .. 299 B, Setting and Background . 305 C. Project Analyses 311 Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico .. 319 A. Conclusions and Recommendations ... .. 321 B. Setting and Background . 315 C. Project Analyses 130 5 ii. RESERVATION REPORT ANNETTE ISLAND, ALASKA A. Conclusions and Recommendations B. Setting and Background C. Project Analysus 6 Annette Island A. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS I. B.Ackground Summary The Mettakatla Indian Community is located on Annette Island in the Alaskan panhandle about 700 mites north of Seattle. The economy of Mettakatla has traditionally been based on salmon fishing and process- ing. The community has operated its own cannery since 1921. This one- resource economy has been subject to variation in the quantity of fish available from year to year and highly seasonal employment, largely limited to the brief summer months of the fishing season. Other resources of the Island are timber and minerals, but until recently, these resources were totally untapped for development purposes. Since 1966, the Economic Development Administration has appreved four public works projects on Annette Island.These projects have contrib- uted .o the establishment of a timber industry, and will permit greater exploitation of the marine life in the waters surrounding the island. A pier for oceangoing vessels was a mandatory component of any effort to utilize the island's timber for economic purposes. Without this EDA pro- ject, there would be :.efficient way to ship logs and other wood products from Annette to world m,rkets. A complementary EDA project provided for a ramp addition to the dock which permits efficient loading and unloading of barges, a primary means of transporting goods in Southeastern Alaska.A third project funded a cold storage plant to be ..ised in conjunction with the existing cannery.This facility wilt have the effect of lengthening the fishing season, and diversifying the fish crop which can be profitably processed for market. The fourth EDA project, yet to be completed, will provide the community with an adequate water distribution system, This is particularly needed to improve fire protection, both as a means to insure the safety of the existing community and its economy, and as an asset neces- sary to attract new industry. The impact of these EDA projects has been notable to date, and an even greater future contribution is likely. The timber operation on the island is expected to generate almost one million dollars in income in 1971, the bulk of this going to members of the local community. The cold storage plant is expected to generate over $200,000 in income :n 1971, its first year of operation. Future expansion of both these operations is expected. Furthermore, the EDA projects have had (or will have) a positive influence on local infrastructure, on the capabilities and attitudes of the community leadership, on the financial position of the community, and on community awareness of its economic resources and potential. (onclusions EDA.financed public works projects have hae a profound effqct on the community of Mettlkatla. Before EDA involvement in the community, Lae 3 Annette Istand ec.niomy 1441$ almoiL entirely based on salmon fishing and canning. Five .Jvirs a:ter the preparatiou of the OEDP, the community has: (1) an on- foine, And 4roeing, though by no means problem-free, timber industry and (21 the capacity to greatly expand its fishing operation to a longer season,t more diverse ash crop, and more sophisticated (and more prof- itable) processing techniques. An KDA-financed dock was a necessary in- put tn the growth of the timber industry, and an EDA-financed cold storage plant is largely responsible for the increased sea products potential of the community. A ramp additier to the dock offers a service benefit to the com- munity in that it now has the advantage of regular barge service.This has been reflected in less expensive consumer goods and shipping rates. EDA-financed improvements to fhe water system in Metlalcatla will have a service impact in better and more dependable water service for both con- sumption and fire protection. The better fire protection insures both property and employment. The total nim contribution has been S1,239,200 in grants and s381,800 in loans. CLonomic activities which are attributable to these projects employed 69 persons (69 members of the Matlakatla Indian com- munity) earni,ng
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