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Chapter 3 History of Community and Public Health Nursing © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALECHAPTER OR FO DISTRIBUTIONCUS NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Classical Era Early Nursing Education and Organization in the The Greeks and Health United States Roman Era The Evolution of Nursing in the United States: The First Middle Ages © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCCentury of Professional Nursing© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC Black Death NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONThe Emergence of CommunityNOT and FORPublic HealthSALE OR DISTRIBUTION The “Witch Craze” of the Early Middle Ages Nursing The Renaissance Lillian Wald, Public Health Nursing, and Community Activism The Emergence of Home Visiting Dorothea Lynde Dix The© JonesReformation & Bartlett Learning, LLC Clara Barton© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC TheNOT Advancement FOR SALE of Science OR andDISTRIBUTION Health of the Public Birth of NOTthe Midwife FOR in SALEthe United OR States DISTRIBUTION The Dark Period of Nursing The Nursing Profession Responds to the Great Depression Early Organized Health Care in the Americas: A Brave and World War II New World Early Education and Standardization of Practice of Public The Chadwick Report and the Shattuck Report Health Nursing © Jones & BartlettThe Industrial Learning, Revolution LLC © JonesChallenges & Bartlett of the Learning, 1930s LLC Progressive Initiatives After the War Years NOT FOR SALEJohn SnowOR andDISTRIBUTION the Science of Epidemiology NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Social and Political Influence of the 1960s and 1970s And Then There Was Nightingale . Public Health Nursing Services in the 1980s and 1990s The Crimean Experience: “I Can Stand Out the War with Science and Health Care, 1945–1960: Decades Any Man” of Change Florence Nightingale and Sanitation © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCYears of Revolution, Protest, ©and Jones the New & Order, Bartlett Learning, LLC Returning Home a Heroine: The Political Reformer NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION1961–2000 NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Nightingale and Military Reforms The Nightingale School at St. Thomas: The Birth of Managed Care and Healthcare Reform: First Decades of Professional Nursing the 21st Century Taking Health Care to the Community: Nightingale The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) © andJones Wellness & Bartlett Learning, LLC of 2010 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOTNightingale’s FOR SALE Legacy OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER After reading this chapter, you will know the answers to 9. Who is Lillian Wald, and why is she considered a © Jones & Bartlettthe following Learning, questions: LLC © Jones &prominent Bartlett figureLearning, in the developmentLLC of commu- NOT FOR SALE 1. ORWhen DISTRIBUTION did humans first begin thinking about NOTthe FOR SALEnity health OR nursing DISTRIBUTION in the United States? 10. What led to early standardization of public health causes of illness? 2. What were the contributions of the Greeks and Egyp- nursing practice in the United States? tians to our health practices today? 11. What are the major legislative events, discoveries, and inventions that have improved the health status 3. What are the© origins Jones of public & Bartlett health? Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 4. Who did the first home visits? of populations and communities? 5. What were majorNOT health FOR concerns SALE of theOR Middle DISTRIBUTION Ages? 12. What is the Patient ProtectionNOT FOR and AffordableSALE OR Care DISTRIBUTION 6. What were Florence Nightingale’s contributions to Act of 2010 (ACA, or “Obamacare”) and why is this nursing as a profession? healthcare reform legislation considered one of the 7. What was the Chadwick Report, and why is it signifi- most significant federal mandates for public and community health in the history of the United States? © Jonescant to & community Bartlett healthLearning, nursing? LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT8. WhatFOR role SALE did William OR Rathbone DISTRIBUTION play in the evolution NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION of community health nursing? © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION. 9781449687151_CH03_PASS02.indd 68 22/10/14 7:15 PM © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR CHAPTERSALE OR DISTRIBUTION 3 NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION History of Community and © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC Public HealthNOT Nursing FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Karen Saucier Lundy and © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC KayeNOT W. Bender FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION KEY TERMS © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC American Journal of NursingNOT (AJN) FOR SALE Goldmark OR DISTRIBUTION Report Louis PasteurNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION American Nurses Association (ANA) Annie Goodrich Patient Protection and Aff ordable Clara Barton Greek era Care Act of 2010 Black Death (bubonic plague) health visiting William Rathbone Frances Payne Bolton Henry Street Settlement Reformation Mary© Breckenridge Jones & Bartlett Learning, Edward LLC Jenner © Jones Isabel & Hampton Bartlett Robb Learning, LLC MaryNOT Brewster FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Kaiserwerth Institute NOT FOR Roman SALE era OR DISTRIBUTION Cadet Nurse Corps Edwin Klebs Margaret Sanger case management Robert Koch Jessie Sleet Scales deaconesses Joseph Lister Saint Vincent de Paul Jane A. Delano managed care Elizabeth Tyler © Jones & Dorothea Bartlett Lynde Learning, Dix LLC Nightingale School© Jonesof Nursing & Bartlett Lillian Learning, Wald LLC NOT FOR LaviniaSALE Lloyd OR Dock DISTRIBUTION at St. Thomas NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Frontier Nursing Service Nursing’s Agenda for Health Care Reform © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION. 9781449687151_CH03_PASS02.indd 69 22/10/14 7:15 PM 70 Chapter 3 History of Community and Public Health Nursing © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALEREFLE ORCTIONS DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION hat do you know about the history of health care and the role of nursing in health prevention and promotion? WHow do you define healing and healers as related to human history? How do you think Florence Nightingale would react if she were alive today regarding nursing, healing, and health care? © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION or as long as humanity has existed, so have the nursing century in Europe as common practice. (Kalisch & Fof the sick and community attempts to prevent illness. Kalisch, 1986) Health practices of early humans most likely evolved as a As early as 3000 to 1400 b.c., the Minoans created way for groups to survive. Many of these early causal links ways to flush water and construct drainage systems. Circa between© Jones humans & Bartlettand their environmentLearning, wereLLC attributed © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 1000 b.c., the Egyptians constructed elaborate drainage to NOTsuperstition FOR andSALE religion. OR EvidenceDISTRIBUTION from our earliest NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION systems, developed pharmaceutical herbs and prepara- human ancestors suggests that techniques such as mind– tions, and embalmed the dead. The Hebrews formulated body connections (e.g., voodoo, alchemy, and/or spells), an elaborate hygiene code that dealt with laws governing isolation, migratory patterns, and/or societal estrange- both personal and community hygiene, such as conta- ment of those community members who were defined by © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jonesgion, & disinfection, Bartlett Learning, and sanitation LLC through the prepara- the group as sick were used to manage disease and protect NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FORtion of SALE food and OR water. DISTRIBUTION Hebrews, although few in number, the health of the community (Hanlon & Pickett, 1984). exercised great influence in the development of religious and health doctrine. According to Bullough and Bullough Classical Era (1978), most of their genus was religious, giving birth to both Christianity and Islam. The Jewish contribution to More than 4,000 years© ago,Jones Egyptian & Bartlett physicians Learning, and nurses LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC public health is greater in sanitation than in their concept used an abundant pharmacologicalNOT FOR SALE repertoire OR toDISTRIBUTION cure the NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION of disease. Garbage and excreta were disposed of outside ill and injured. The Ebers Papyrus lists more than 700 rem- the city or camp, infectious diseases were quarantined, edies for ailments from snake bites to puerperal fever. The spitting was outlawed as unhygienic, and bodily clean- Kahun Papyrus (circa 1850 b.c.) identified suppositories liness became a prerequisite for moral purity. Although (e.g., crocodile feces) that could be used for contraception
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