1 Theological Imaginary and Missional Themes in UK Church
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Theological Imaginary and Missional Themes In UK Church Planting Submitted by Diane Hake Lincoln to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology In December 2018 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. 1 Abstract This thesis examines the theological imaginary of church planting practitioners currently involved in new church work in the UK using qualitative research methods in an exercise in practical theology. It adapts the concept of theological imaginary from Charles Taylor’s concept of social imaginary, seeking to capture for this research how church planters imagine church, their expectations, and deeper theological ideas and images that undergird these expectations. This thesis examines how the theological imaginary of church- planting practitioners compares to themes in the missional and emerging church literature of the last 20 years. It examines the significance of cultural changes in so-called postmodernity and post-Christendom as two contextual elements in the imaginary significantly impacting current church planting. A survey of key, representative literature in the missional and emerging church movements in the areas of postmodernity, post-Christendom, missional and emerging church draws out the major theological themes that might be nourishing church planting and the theological imaginary on the ground. The research uses thematic analysis to uncover themes of theological imagination amongst church planters interviewed in the UK in order to determine whether themes from the empirical research data are reflective of those circulating in the missional and emerging church conversation seen in the literature. The themes identified from the fieldwork are compared to the themes in the literature to ascertain what concepts are functioning on the ground in practice. This thesis concludes by outlining a picture of the theological imaginary amongst missioners, particularly noting neglected theological resources, and makes exploratory suggestions for theological training. 2 Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 2 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH DESIGN ..................................................... 5 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Research Overview ............................................................................................................ 6 1.2.1 Limitations and Personal Perspectives ....................................................................... 6 1.2.2 Orientations: Ethnography and Practical Theology .................................................. 12 1.2.3 Theological Imaginary ............................................................................................... 15 1.2.4 Research Question and Objectives ........................................................................... 20 1.2.5 Outline of the Thesis ................................................................................................. 22 1.2.6 Definition of Terms ................................................................................................... 24 1.3 Related Research Literature Review ................................................................................ 28 1.3.1 Summary of Research Literature Review .................................................................. 50 CHAPTER 2: CONTEXTUAL IMAGINARY AND ECCLESIAL RESPONSES ............................. 53 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 53 2.2 Postmodernity as Referenced in Key Missional Texts ...................................................... 55 2.2.1 Introduction to Missional Texts on Postmodernity .................................................. 55 2.2.2 Survey of Missional Texts on Postmodernity ............................................................ 56 2.2.3 Summary of Missional Texts on Postmodernity ....................................................... 67 2.3 Post-Christendom as Referenced in Key Missional Texts ................................................ 68 2.3.1 Introduction to Missional Texts on Post-Christendom ............................................. 68 2.3.2 Survey of Missional Texts on Post-Christendom ...................................................... 68 2.3.3 Summary of Missional Texts on Post-Christendom .................................................. 77 2.4 Two Ecclesial Responses to the Contemporary Context .................................................. 79 2.4.1 Introduction to the Ecclesial Responses ................................................................... 79 2.4.2 SeculariZation as a Common Background Understanding ........................................ 79 2.4.3 Development of the Missional Church Movement ................................................... 87 2.4.4 Development of the Emerging Church Movement ................................................... 98 2.4.5 Summary of the Ecclesial Responses ...................................................................... 106 CHAPTER 3: THEOLOGICAL THEMES FROM MISSIONAL LITERATURE .......................... 108 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 108 3.2 Themes in Literature ...................................................................................................... 111 3.2.1 The Importance of Being a Community .................................................................. 111 3.2.2 Participation in the Missio Dei ................................................................................ 122 3.2.3 The Need for ContextualiZation in Mission ............................................................ 133 3.2.4 Being Incarnational in Mission ................................................................................ 147 3.2.5 Seeking Kingdom Transformation in Society .......................................................... 157 3.2.6 Summary of Themes in Literature .......................................................................... 167 CHAPTER 4: THEOLOGICAL IMAGINARY IN PARTICIPANTS .......................................... 168 4.1 Introduction and Research Questions ............................................................................ 168 4.2 Methods ......................................................................................................................... 169 4.2.1 Participants ............................................................................................................. 169 4.2.2 Interview Procedure ............................................................................................... 173 4.2.3 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................... 174 4.3 The Importance of Being a Community ......................................................................... 178 4.3.1 Church as PrioritiZing Being a Caring Community .................................................. 179 4.3.2 Church as Being Rooted with and Active in a Location ........................................... 181 4.3.3 Church as Needing Deep, Authentic Relationships ................................................ 184 4.3.4 Church as a Community Sent Together on Mission (Inside to Outside) ................. 185 4.3.5 Church as a Contrast Community Which Demonstrates the Gospel ...................... 186 4.3.6 Additional Sub-theme: Community is Inclusive ...................................................... 187 3 4.3.7 Summary of the Importance of Being a Community .............................................. 188 4.4 The Need for ContextualiZation in Mission .................................................................... 189 4.4.1 The Need for Contextualization for a Specific Locality ........................................... 190 4.4.2 The Need for the Church to be ContextualiZed for a Changing Culture ................. 194 4.4.3 Frustration with the Existing Church for Not Being ContextualiZed ....................... 196 4.4.4 The Need for ContextualiZation for a Post-Christendom Context .......................... 196 4.4.5 Additional Sub-theme: Creativity in ContextualiZation .......................................... 197 4.4.6 Summary of the Need for ContextualiZation .......................................................... 200 4.5 Participation in the Missio Dei ....................................................................................... 201 4.5.1 Mission as Being a Witness in the World ................................................................ 202 4.5.2 The Essential Nature of the Church as Sent ............................................................ 205 4.5.3 Mission as Emerging from God’s Activity and Agency ............................................ 206 4.5.4 Mission as Restoring All of Creation ......................................................................