Soil metal concentrations and land quality Clyde Basin Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 108, 191–216, 2019 The Geosciences in Europe’s Urban Sustainability: Lessons from Glasgow and Beyond (CUSP) Soil metal/metalloid concentrations in the Clyde Basin, Scotland, UK: implications for land quality F. M. Fordyce1*, P. A. Everett1, J. M. Bearcock2 and T. R. Lister2 1 British Geological Survey, The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK. Email:
[email protected] 2 British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK. *Corresponding author Abstract An assessment of topsoil (5–20cm) metal/metalloid (hereafter referred to as metal) concentrations across Glasgow and the Clyde Basin reveals that copper, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony and zinc show the greatest enrichment in urban versus rural topsoil (elevated 1.7–2.1 times; based on median values). This is a typical indicator suite of urban pollution also found in other cities. Similarly, arsenic, cadmium and lead are elevated 3.2–4.3 times the rural background concentrations in topsoil from the former Leadhills mining area. Moorlands show typical organic-soil geochemical signatures, with significantly lower (P<0.05) concentrations of geogenic elements such as chromium, copper, nickel, molybdenum and zinc, but higher levels of cadmium, lead and selenium than most other land uses due to atmospheric deposition/trapping of these substances in peat. In farmland, 14% of nickel and 7% of zinc in topsoil samples exceed agricultural maximum admissible concentrations, and may be sensitive to sewage-sludge application. Conversely, 5% of copper, 17% of selenium and 96% of pH in farmland topsoil samples are below recommended agricultural production thresholds.