Case Study of the Auto- Rickshaw Sector in Mumbai

Case Study of the Auto- Rickshaw Sector in Mumbai 3rd Research Symposium on Urban Transport Urban Mobility India 2012 Akshay Mani EMBARQ India Methodology: Thematic Areas Thematic area Information included Mumbai Profile Area and demographics Traffic and transportation Regulations Permits Fares Meters Market Characteristics Fleet Size Age of fleet Engine and fuel characteristics Operational Characteristics High demand locations Daily trip characteristics Driver Profile Age profile Owner and renter drivers Economics Driver revenues and costs User Profile Age profile Gender profile Income profile Time of day characteristics Trip purpose Safety Road safety aspects of auto-rickshaws Infrastructure Auto-rickshaw stands Current Challenges Drivers Passengers Government Mumbai Profile Population: Greater Mumbai is > 12.5 million total Suburban Mumbai is 9.3 million Area: Greater Mumbai Total is 437.71 sq. km Suburban Mumbai is 370 sq km Density: over 20,000 per sq km Auto-rickshaw Sector – Background Market Size Source: Regional Transport Offices (RTOs) Auto-rickshaw Sector – Background Mode Shares Source: Comprehensive Mobility Plans (CMPs) of cities Methodology: Survey and Observation Locations Current Policy Environment Central State City Ministry of Road No direct policy Transport and Department of focus on auto- Highways Motor Vehicles rickshaws (MORTH) Central Motor State Motor Vehicle Rules, Vehicle Rules 1989 Focus Areas Regulation Market Characteristics Operational Driver and User Characteristics Profile and Economics Regulations: Permits Permits: 109,000 of which 9,762 are not in use Cap on new permits Permit Price Paid by Drivers: 0% 0% 0% 1% 2% 3% Legal Permit fee: Rs. 100 Rs. 1 - 100 Rs. 100 - 10,000 11% Average Price: Rs. 68,000 11% Rs. 10,000-20,000 Rs. 20,000-30,000 Drivers lease permits from 16% Rs. 30,000-40,000 Rs. 40,000-50,000 24% permit-holders for a period Rs. 50,000-60,000 Rs. 60,000-70,000 of 5 to 10 years Rs. 70,000-80,000 32% Rs. 80,000-90,000 No Fleet auto-rickshaw Rs. 90,000-100,000 scheme yet passed Regulations: Fares Contribution of Different Factors to Average Fare Parameters Share Interest & Depreciation 8.7% Hakim Committee First established in Maintenance Cost 17.4% 1996 (only taxis) Reconstituted in Living & Related Cost 19.6% 2012 Recent fare increase for auto-rickshaws Petrol Cost 52.2% and taxis in Mumbai Insurance & Tax 2.1% Total 100% Market Characteristics 11-15 years Vehicle Age <1 year Engine Type 3% 0% 4-stroke 23% 6-10 years 42% 1-5 years 55% 2-stroke 77% Petrol Fuel Type 2% CNG 98% Operational Characteristics Parameter Value Average hours of operation 10 Average daily kilometers 105 traveled Average share of empty 10.2% kilometers traveled Average trip length 5.8 kms Average daily trips 18 High Demand Locations Andheri Band Stand Bandra Kurla Complex 9% 6% 23% Chakala 5% Chembur 9% Juhu 11% Kurla 5% Maharasthra Industrial 5% Development Corporation (MIDC) 7% 20% Sakinaka Santacruz Profile of Auto-rickshaw Drivers 50-60 years Driver Age Renter vs Owner 4% <20 years 0% 20-30 years 16% Owner-Driver 20% 40-50 years 28% Renter-Driver 30-40 years 80% 52% Driver Economics Renter-Driver Owner-Driver Capital Costs (Rs): Permit - 67,900 Vehicle incl. taxes & fees - 165,730 Equated daily installment 95 (EDI) for permit and vehicle Daily Costs (Rs.): Fuel 130 130 Rent 160 - Other Costs (Rs.): Maintenance (monthly - 40 average divided by 26 days) TOTAL DAILY COSTS: 290 265 Daily Revenue (Rs.): Fares 650 650 TOTAL DAILY REVENUE: 650 650 Total Daily Earnings (Rs.) 360 385 Profile of Auto-rickshaw Users Passenger Age Passenger Gender 2% 3% 11% <20 years 23% 20-30 years Female 30-40 years 39% 24% 40-50 years Male 50-60 years 61% 37% >70 years Passenger Income 0% 1% 3% 3% < Rs. 5,000 13% 22% Rs. 5,000-10,000 Rs. 10,000-20,000 Rs. 20,000-30,000 Rs. 30,000-40,000 Rs. 40,000-50,000 58% > Rs. 50,000 Trip Characteristics Number of Trips per Week Trip Purpose 20-25 25-30 Health Care School 2% 0% 7% 15-20 7% 2% Recreation 1-5 0% 23% Shopping 10% 5-10 10-15 15% Work 58% 76% Trip Timing 90% 80% 83% 70% 60% 66.70% 50% 40% 30% 20% 21.50% 10% 1% 11.20% 0% Morning Midday Afternoon Evening Late Night Auto-rickshaw Impacts on Pedestrian Safety Infrastructure Bandra E Bandra W Infrastructure Jogeshwari East Santacruz E Khar W Andheri E Driver Challenges Key Issues Facing Auto-Rickshaw Drivers Union Perspective: Police and Traffic Police 4% Lack of driver 4% Police and Traffic Police charging fines education and 11% 35% Passengers healthcare 14% Lack of permits Traffic Disagreements over fares 32% Other User Advantages Fast, saves time 1% 2% 5% Faster than the bus 4% 5% Good when have luggage 5% Safe 43% 6% Same price or cheaper than bus Comfortable Availability 29% Provides access where bus doesn't Other User Challenges Key Issues Facing Auto-Rickshaw Users Consumer Group Refusals Perspective: Lack of Availability Lack of availability, refusals 2% 11% Overcharging/price Overcharging 3% disagreements 4% Rude behavior 38% Inaccurate meter 5% Condition of auto (lacking Traffic headlights and meter lights, torn 11% seats) Fare increases Minimum distance should be 1 km 26% not 1.6 km Drivers are rude Rent drivers pay is too high which Other affects overall fare Want lower fare Government Challenges Stakeholders: Common Concerns: Traffic Police of Mumbai 1. Highway safety Regional Transport Office 2. Space availability: (RTO) competition for space Mumbai Transportation amongst different modes Support Unit (MTSU) causing congestion and affecting accessibility 3. Perverse incentives: minimum fare is too low and it encourages riders to user rickshaws instead of public transport 4. Driver behavior is lacking and better training is needed 5. Infrastructure Entrepreneur Initiatives Smartphone applications M-Indicator Smart Mumbaikar Advertising: MeterDown Fleet Auto-rickshaw service: Rickshawale Reforms and Future Work Fleet Services Permit and Infrastructure Fare Policy Improvements Reforms Occupant Technology safety Thank you .

Load more