DOCSLIB.ORG

Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida) Life history, patchy distribution, and patchy taxonomy in a shallow- water invertebrate (Mollusca Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida) Sigwart, J. D., & Chen, C. (2017). Life history, patchy distribution, and patchy taxonomy in a shallow-water invertebrate (Mollusca Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida). Marine Biodiversity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526- 017-0688-1 Published in: Marine Biodiversity Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights © 2017 The Authors. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:08. Oct. 2021 Life history, patchy distribution, and patchy taxonomy in a shallow- water invertebrate (Mollusca Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida) Sigwart, J. D., & Chen, C. (2017). Life history, patchy distribution, and patchy taxonomy in a shallow-water invertebrate (Mollusca Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida). Marine Biodiversity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526- 017-0688-1 Published in: Marine Biodiversity Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights © 2017 The Authors. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:10. Mar. 2019 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No H2020-MSCA- IF-2014-655661. Mar Biodiv (2018) 48:1867–1877 DOI 10.1007/s12526-017-0688-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Life history, patchy distribution, and patchy taxonomy in a shallow-water invertebrate (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida) Julia D. Sigwart1,2 & Chong Chen3 Received: 15 February 2016 /Revised: 7 March 2017 /Accepted: 19 March 2017 /Published online: 8 April 2017 # The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Things without names are difficult to rationalise, for L. rugatus s.l. revealed four discrete clusters which cor- and so species that go without names are difficult to con- respond to different parts of the geographic range. We infer serve or protect. This is a case study in resolving conflicts in these to represent four distinct species, at least two of which historical taxonomy and ‘real’ species (identifiable and evo- are likely novel. Leptochiton rugatus sensu stricto is herein lutionarily relevant groupings) using an approach including reinterpreted as restricted to California and Baja California, population genetics, natural history, and pragmatism. We and the new name L. cascadiensis sp. nov. is established for report the observation that populations of a shallow-water the lineage with a distribution in the Cascadia coastal biore- chiton species from Washington and British Columbia dem- gion from the panhandle of Alaska to Oregon. There are onstrate extremely high site fidelity and patchy distribution. minor morphological differences among these species in Their limited dispersal potential and isolation could be ex- the L. rugatus species complex, but genetic data or morpho- plained by a brooding life history. This stands in direct con- logical observations alone would not have been sufficient to trast with the supposedly wide distribution of this “species”, definitively recognise these groups as species-level lineages. Leptochiton rugatus (Carpenter in Pilsbry, 1892) sensu lato, The observation that different species within the complex from the Sea of Japan to Baja California. But this lineage may have different life history strategies provides important has previously been suggested to comprise several cryptic support for interpreting different populations as genuinely species. Indeed, a haplotype network analysis using 61 indi- separate species. vidual sequences of the cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene Keywords Chiton . Cryptic species . Haplotype network . Life history . Northeast Pacific Communicated by V. Urgorri Introduction This article is registered in ZooBank under urn:lsid:zoobank.org: pub:A5CD7021-089C-4494-B0CA-875FB64F72ED Genetic information has repeatedly revealed higher levels of * Julia D. Sigwart first-order diversity than traditional morphological assessment. [email protected] In most cases, genetic differences prompt a re-examination of previously overlooked morphological variation, which reveals “pseudocryptic” assemblages differentiated by these emergent 1 Marine Laboratory, Queen’s University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry, Northern Ireland features (Knowlton 1993). But molecular evidence, like some morphological evidence, may not be sufficient in isolation to 2 Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, VLSB 1101, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA make a taxonomic determination, especially when dealing with one gene region or one character (Riedel et al. 2013). 3 Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research (D-SUGAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Overlooked differences are found to correlate with historical Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, hypotheses about species, representing additional taxonomic Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan names that have been consigned to obscurity as junior 1868 Mar Biodiv (2018) 48:1867–1877 synonyms. These synonymies have been flagged as a key bot- British Columbia, adjacent to a specific prominent intertidal tleneck in quantifying global species richness (Costello et al. boulder, has been home to a population continuously since at 2013a), a problem that needs to be addressed through concerted least 1986 (JDS, pers. obs. and museum records, last observa- efforts by taxonomic experts. It is presently unclear to what tion 2013). Field observations herein were recorded from spec- extent the number of available names in synonymy balances imens collected on 17 July 2012 from a population in False the number of global marine species left undescribed. Bay, San Juan Island, Washington, USA (48.57°N 123.17°E). Polyplacophoran molluscs (chitons) have a reputation as a To examine the potential genetic differences among the taxonomically “difficult” group. In particular, the genus Leptochiton aff. “rugatus” species complex, we assem- Leptochiton GRAY, 1847 is well known to be paraphyletic; bled all available published COI sequences attributed to although key features clearly separate more than 120 accepted Leptochiton rugatus sensu lato and species that resolved living species, no characters have been identified that can be within the L. rugatus clade in previous analyses (Sigwart used to diagnose supraspecific groups (Sigwart et al. 2011). et al. 2011;Sigwart2016), and added sequences from two Many species of the genus Leptochiton are known from deep- intermediate populations in Washington and Oregon, sea habitats, but several species are known from shallow wa- USA. These 61 sequences (Table 1) represent specimens ter, including the North Pacific Leptochiton rugatus from Russia, Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, (Carpenter in Pilsbry, 1892). This species (complex) ranges Oregon, California, and Mexico. We used TCS version from the Sea of Japan across to Alaska, down the coast of 1.21 software (Clement et al. 2000) to reconstruct statis- NorthAmericantoBajaCalifornia(KaasandVanBelle tical parsimony haplotype networks from a 362-bp align- 1985). It is anecdotally
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Crustaceans in Cold Seep Ecosystems: Fossil Record, Geographic Distribution, Taxonomic Composition, 2 and Biology 3 4 Adiël A
    1 Crustaceans in cold seep ecosystems: fossil record, geographic distribution, taxonomic composition, 2 and biology 3 4 Adiël A. Klompmaker1, Torrey Nyborg2, Jamie Brezina3 & Yusuke Ando4 5 6 1Department of Integrative Biology & Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, 1005 7 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Email: [email protected] 8 9 2Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA. 10 Email: [email protected] 11 12 3South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA. Email: 13 [email protected] 14 15 4Mizunami Fossil Museum, 1-47, Yamanouchi, Akeyo-cho, Mizunami, Gifu, 509-6132, Japan. 16 Email: [email protected] 17 18 This preprint has been submitted for publication in the Topics in Geobiology volume “Ancient Methane 19 Seeps and Cognate Communities”. Specimen figures are excluded in this preprint because permissions 20 were only received for the peer-reviewed publication. 21 22 Introduction 23 24 Crustaceans are abundant inhabitants of today’s cold seep environments (Chevaldonné and Olu 1996; 25 Martin and Haney 2005; Karanovic and Brandão 2015), and could play an important role in structuring 26 seep ecosystems. Cold seeps fluids provide an additional source of energy for various sulfide- and 27 hydrocarbon-harvesting bacteria, often in symbiosis with invertebrates, attracting a variety of other 28 organisms including crustaceans (e.g., Levin 2005; Vanreusel et al. 2009; Vrijenhoek 2013). The 29 percentage of crustaceans of all macrofaunal specimens is highly variable locally in modern seeps, from 30 0–>50% (Dando et al. 1991; Levin et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida)
    Ruthenica, 2016, vol. 26, No. 3-4: 145-151. © Ruthenica, 2016 Published online September 18, 2016. http: www.ruthenica.com A new South African Leptochiton (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida) Boris SIRENKO Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab.1, St. Petersburg, 199034, RUSSIAN FEDERATION, e-mail: marine@zin,ru urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4B690F43-F5DC-402A-BFAB-6046A47B1855 ABSTRACT. A new chiton species of the genus Lepto- Systematics chiton is described from the intertidal zone of False Bay, South Africa. The new species is distinguishable Class Polyplacophora Gray, 1821 from other congeneric species by ribbed ventral scales, Subclass Loricata Schumacher, 1817 a wide tail valve and the number of micraesthetes per Order Lepidopleurida Thiele, 1909 each megalaesthete. Family Leptochitonidae Dall, 1889 Genus Leptochiton Gray, 1847 Introduction Type species: Chiton cinereus Montagu, 1803 There are 6 species in genus Leptochiton [L. (non Linnaeus, 1767) = Leptochiton asellus (Gme- sykesi (Sowerby III, 1903), L. chariessa (Bernard, lin, 1791) fide Lovén, 1846, subsequent designation 1963), L. dispersus Kaas 1985, L. permodestus by Gray, 1847. Kaas, 1985; L. meiringae Kaas, 1985 and L. hodg- Genus distribution: Worldwide, Carboniferous- soni (Sirenko, 2000)] [Kaas, 1985; Kaas, Van Belle, Recent. 1985, 1987; Sirenko, 2000, 2015] that inhabit the Leptochiton smirnovi sp. nov. sea floor near South Africa. Five of them live at (Figs 1-6) depths of 70 to 433 m. L. hodgsoni was found in the intertidal zone. This species was originally at- urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:034AF8DF-EA96-45D5- tributed to the genus Parachiton Thiele, 1909 [Si- 8159-FDAE82365FCC renko, 2000]. However, later, Hiroshi Saito wrote me that the species belongs to the genus Leptochi- Type material.
    [Show full text]
  • Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida)
    Life history, patchy distribution, and patchy taxonomy in a shallow- water invertebrate (Mollusca Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida) Sigwart, J. D., & Chen, C. (2017). Life history, patchy distribution, and patchy taxonomy in a shallow-water invertebrate (Mollusca Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida). Marine Biodiversity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526- 017-0688-1 Published in: Marine Biodiversity Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights © 2017 The Authors. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:29.
    [Show full text]
  • Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) Known from Benthic Monitoring Programs in the Southern California Bight
    ISSN 0738-9388 THE FESTIVUS A publication of the San Diego Shell Club Volume XLI Special Issue June 11, 2009 Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) Known from Benthic Monitoring Programs in the Southern California Bight Timothy D. Stebbins and Douglas J. Eernisse COVER PHOTO Live specimen of Lepidozona sp. C occurring on a piece of metal debris collected off San Diego, southern California at a depth of 90 m. Photo provided courtesy of R. Rowe. Vol. XLI(6): 2009 THE FESTIVUS Page 53 CHITONS (MOLLUSCA: POLYPLACOPHORA) KNOWN FROM BENTHIC MONITORING PROGRAMS IN THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT TIMOTHY D. STEBBINS 1,* and DOUGLAS J. EERNISSE 2 1 City of San Diego Marine Biology Laboratory, Metropolitan Wastewater Department, San Diego, CA, USA 2 Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA Abstract: About 36 species of chitons possibly occur at depths greater than 30 m along the continental shelf and slope of the Southern California Bight (SCB), although little is known about their distribution or ecology. Nineteen species are reported here based on chitons collected as part of long-term, local benthic monitoring programs or less frequent region-wide surveys of the entire SCB, and these show little overlap with species that occur at depths typically encountered by scuba divers. Most chitons were collected between 30-305 m depths, although records are included for a few from slightly shallower waters. Of the two extant chiton lineages, Lepidopleurida is represented by Leptochitonidae (2 genera, 3 species), while Chitonida is represented by Ischnochitonidae (2 genera, 6-9 species) and Mopaliidae (4 genera, 7 species).
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the Symposium “Advances in Chiton Research”*
    Amer. Malac. Bull. 25: 21-24 (2008) Introduction to the symposium “Advances in Chiton Research”* Douglas J. Eernisse Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834, U.S.A., [email protected] The present volume features contributions from partici- elucidate the molecular evolution and systematics of mol- pants of the symposium, “Advances in Chiton Research,” in luscan hemocyanin (e.g., Bergmann et al. 2007), and his Seattle, Washington on 31 July 2006. As the organizer for forthcoming collaborative studies on chiton hemocyanin this symposium, I was impressed with the willingness of as a promising new phylogenetic marker are eagerly antici- national and international authorities or students whose pated. Those who have contributed articles for the present diverse research involves chitons to participate in these volume still represent an impressive cross-section of the di- meetings. The symposium was a tremendous success and verse, ongoing research on chitons. compared favorably to four previous meetings of interna- Pojeta and DuFoe (this volume) have extended what is tional scope that were devoted to chitons: (1) 1987 AMS known about the earlier described Ordovician spiny chiton, symposium on “Biology of the Polyplacophora” in Key West, Echinochiton dufoei Pojeta, Eernisse, Hoare, and Henderson, Florida (see American Malacological Bulletin 6(1), 1988); 2003. This fossil has already figured prominently in the on- (2) 1st International Chiton Symposium, 1991, Adelaide, going debate on the disparity
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Marine Macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T
    NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 19 An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T. Drumm • Katherine P. Maslenikov Robert Van Syoc • James W. Orr • Robert R. Lauth Duane E. Stevenson • Theodore W. Pietsch November 2016 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic Papers NMFS and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan Scientific Editor* Administrator Richard Langton National Marine National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center Maine Field Station Eileen Sobeck 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 1 Assistant Administrator Orono, Maine 04473 for Fisheries Associate Editor Kathryn Dennis National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology Economics and Social Analysis Division 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 178 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Publications Office 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr National Marine Fisheries Service The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is pub- lished by the Scientific Publications Of- *Bruce Mundy (PIFSC) was Scientific Editor during the fice, National Marine Fisheries Service, scientific editing and preparation of this report. NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115. The Secretary of Commerce has The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original determined that the publication of research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, flora and fauna studies, and data- this series is necessary in the transac- intensive reports on investigations in fishery science, engineering, and economics. tion of the public business required by law of this Department.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Miocene Deep-Sea Chiton and Early Evidence for Teredinidae-Sustained Wood-Fall Communities
    Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org A new Miocene deep-sea chiton and early evidence for Teredinidae-sustained wood-fall communities Luca Bertolaso, Vittorio Garilli, Daniela Parrinello, Maurizio Sosso, and Bruno Dell’Angelo ABSTRACT Deep-sea wood-falls are important biodiversity hot spots for insights on chemo- synthesis-based communities. The study of deep-sea wood-fall-related palaeocommu- nities from the Neogene of north Italy shed light on interesting associations from the Miocene of Torrente Cinghio (Tortonian) and of Moncasale di Casina (Langhian). The most common components of this association are typical chemosynthetic/wood-fall molluscs, such as the gastropods Homalopoma sp. and Pseudonina bellardii, the bivalves Idas sp. and shipworms, and the chiton Leptochiton lignatilis n. sp., which belongs to a genus typical of recent sunken woods in tropical waters. The new species described is compared with other fossil and recent congeners, especially with those sharing the same kind of tegmental sculpture, fully covered with randomly or quincun- cially arranged granules. An overview of the sunken wood-related chitons is provided. Surprisingly no taxa of the boring bivalves of the family Xylophagidae, whose species have been known to be fundamental for sustaining this kind of deep sea chemosyn- thetic ecosystem, were found in the studied site; however, other boring Teredinidae bivalves have been abundantly recovered. This suggests that, conversely to what has previously been observed on sunken wood communities, Teredinidae may be viewed as a counterpart for the maintenance of deep-sea wood-fall ecosystems. Luca Bertolaso. Via Manzotti 35, 42015 Correggio (RE), Italy. [email protected] Vittorio Garilli (corresponding author).
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Benthic Marine Mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile
    ZooKeys 963: 1–36 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.963.52234 DATA PAPER https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Diversity of benthic marine mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile (Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia): a historical review of natural history Cristian Aldea1,2, Leslie Novoa2, Samuel Alcaino2, Sebastián Rosenfeld3,4,5 1 Centro de Investigación GAIA Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Av. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile 2 Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile 3 Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 4 Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile 5 Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile Corresponding author: Sebastián Rosenfeld ([email protected]) Academic editor: E. Gittenberger | Received 19 March 2020 | Accepted 6 June 2020 | Published 24 August 2020 http://zoobank.org/9E11DB49-D236-4C97-93E5-279B1BD1557C Citation: Aldea C, Novoa L, Alcaino S, Rosenfeld S (2020) Diversity of benthic marine mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile (Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia): a historical review of natural history. ZooKeys 963: 1–36. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.52234 Abstract An increase in richness of benthic marine mollusks towards high latitudes has been described on the Pacific coast of Chile in recent decades. This considerable increase in diversity occurs specifically at the beginning of the Magellanic Biogeographic Province. Within this province lies the Strait of Magellan, considered the most important channel because it connects the South Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. These characteristics make it an interesting area for marine research; thus, the Strait of Magellan has histori- cally been the area with the greatest research effort within the province.
    [Show full text]
  • Molluscan Studies
    Journal of The Malacological Society of London Molluscan Studies Journal of Molluscan Studies (2013) 79: 372–377. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyt029 Advance Access publication date: 23 August 2013 RESEARCH NOTE EGG-HULL ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ISCHNOCHITON STRAMINEUS (SOWERBY, 1832), A SOUTH AMERICAN BROODING CHITON (CHITONINA: ISCHNOCHITONIDAE) Marı´a G. Liuzzi1 and Diego G. Zelaya2 1Divisio´n Invertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, CONICET, A´ngel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires (C1405DJR), Argentina; and 2Departamento Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Argentina Correspondence: M.G. Liuzzi; e-mail: [email protected] Reproductive aspects of the life history of chitons have been rela- Celebron˜a(¼Kidney) Island, Malvinas/Falkland Islands tively little studied in comparison with some morphological (518370S–578450W). Thirty-eight eggs were removed from the characters, such as valve morphology, girdle scales and radulae, pallial groove, dehydrated in an ascending ethanol series (from which have historically been considered of taxonomic value. In 70 to 100%), dried in an EMS 850 critical-point dryer using recent times, however, some authors have pointed out that char- liquid CO2, coated with gold-palladium (40–60%) and photo- acters related to reproduction, such as egg-hull morphology, are graphed with a Phillips XL-30 scanning electron microscope. also valuable for taxonomic purposes (Eernisse, 1988; Hodgson One juvenile was dehydrated and photographed in the same et al., 1988; Sirenko, 1993; Pashchenko & Drozdov, 1998; Okusu way as the eggs, but treated with hexamethyldisilazane and air et al., 2003; Buckland-Nicks, 2006, 2008; Sirenko, 2006a; dried instead of critical-point dried.
    [Show full text]
  • Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Submarine Banks Off Izu Islands and Bōsō Peninsula, Japan
    国立科博専報，（47）： 65–81，2011年4月15日 Mem. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, (47): 65–81, April 15, 2011 Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Submarine Banks off Izu Islands and Bōsō Peninsula, Japan Hiroshi Saito Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3–23–1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169–0073 Japan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Chitons collected from submarine banks off the northern Izu Islands and Bōsō Pen- insula by various cruises from 1970 to 2003 were examined taxonomically. In total, 14 species belonging to 13 genera in 8 families were recognized, including one new Leptochiton species which is described as L. bergenhayni n. sp. herein, and one undetermined species of the genus Tegulaplax. Of the 14 species, additional descriptions and/or illustrations of taxonomically im- portant morphology are given for two less known species, Leptochiton aequispinus (Bergenhayn, 1933) and Connexochiton kaasi (Saito, 1997). The latter species, C. kaasi is the first record from outside the type locality. Except for one species, Ischnochiton albinus Thiele, 1911, which is also distributed in the Tropical West Pacific, 12 species were regarded to be endemic in the sub- littoral zone of warm water areas around the Japanese Islands and/or the East China Sea, while one species, Tegulaplax sp. has an indeterminate distribution. Key words: chiton, Japan, submarine bank, new species, fauna. (1984; 1985; 1995) reported the deep-sea chitons Introduction collected by the R/V Sōyō Maru during 1957– The Izu Islands extend southward from the 1982 and recorded seven species from the bank mouth of Sagami Bay off the Pacific coast of cen- area.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Mantle Cavity and Its Contained Organs in the Loricata (Placophora)
    On the Mantle Cavity and its Contained Organs in the Loricata (Placophora). By C. M. Yonge, DJSe., University of Bristol. With 6 Text-figures. CONTENTS. PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 367 2. THE MANTLE CAVITY 368 (a) Lepidochitona oinereus, p. 370; (6) Tonieella marmorea and AcanthocMtona crinitus, p. 373; (c) Lepidopleurus asellus, p. 374. 3. THE GILLS 376 4. Mucous GLANDS 382 5. OSPHRADIA AND OTHER SENSE OBGANS 383 6. DISCUSSION 386 7. SUMMARY 388 8. BEFERENCES 389 1. INTRODUCTION. The investigations described in this paper represent a con- tinuation of previous work on the mantle cavity and its con- tained organs in the Gastropoda (Yonge, 1937 c, 1938) and in the Scaphopoda (Yonge, 19376). They are intended to form part of a comprehensive survey, from the functional aspect, of these organs throughout the Mollusca. The structure and the anatomical relations of the organs contained in the mantle cavity of the Loricata are well known, as a result, in the main, of the morphological investigations of Haller (1882, 1884), Pelseneer (1898, 1899), and Plate (1898-1901). But only Arey and Crozier (1919) have made observations on the water cur- rents in the mantle cavity, and they failed to point out how these were brought about, giving no account either of the ciliation of the gills or of the manner in which the mantle cavity is divided into inhalant and exhalant chambers. 368 0. M. YONGB The greater part of this work has been carried out on two common British species, Lepidochitona cinereus (Lepi- dochitonidae) and Lepidopleurus asellus, which is one of the few representatives of the primitive order Lepidopleurida.
    [Show full text]
  • Illustrated Summary of Chiton Terminology
    ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de SPIXIANA 33 2 171–194 München, November 2010 ISSN 0341–8391 Illustrated summary of chiton terminology (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) Enrico Schwabe Schwabe, E. 2010. Illustrated summary of chiton terminology (Mollusca, Poly- placophora). Spixiana 33 (2): 171-194. The aims of the present paper are to summarize and offer a standard set of ter- minology used to describe morphological and partly anatomical (e. g. the radula) characters of Polyplacophora. To make the understanding of some previously misused terms easier, the identification and description of relevant parts of the animal are illustrated and discussed in context of additional literature. Enrico Schwabe, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Muenchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction “An den Tentakeln des Kopfes befinden sich Riech- organe [On the tentacles of the head there are Chitons are a group of basal, exclusively marine olfactory organs.].” However, chitons do not have molluscs, which have not significantly changed cephalic tentacles at all, and certainly not olfactory their bauplan during more than 300 million years tentacles! of evolution. Their more or less solid, dorsal plates This short contribution intends to clarify the termi- have been preserved in numerous fossil records and nology of chitons and to present a detailed general allow researchers a direct comparison with living description of chiton morphology, to summarise for species, and accordingly there is a high number amateurs, students or scientists the present stage of described fossil and recent taxa. At present we of scientific knowledge of a fascinating group of count for about 930 recent species (see Schwabe animals.
    [Show full text]