DOCSLIB.ORG

Geology of the Fort Laramie '.* Area, Platte and Goshen >

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geology of the Fort Laramie '.* Area, Platte and Goshen > Geology of the Fort Laramie '.* Area, Platte and Goshen >. Counties, Wyoming > By LAURA W. McGREW ONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1141-F *repared as part of a program of the ^Department of the Interior for develop­ ment of the Missouri River basin, with the cooperation of the Geological Survey of Wyoming and the Department of Geology, University of Wyoming JNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington D.C. 20407 CONTENTS Page Abstract__.._..._....._..._.____.__.......__-_.-..__-.__.____---- Fl Introduction.____________________________i..___^_________________- 2 Stratigraphy._____________________________________________________ 4 Precambrian rocks__._--______._____-_-___-___-__--_--______--- 5 Cambrian(?) system.__________________________________________ 5 Devonian and Mississippian systems.____________________________ 6 Guernsey formation______________________________________ 6 . Mississippian(?), Pennsylvanian, and Permian systems..____.______ 7 Hartville formation. ...............^........................ 7 Permian system.___---_--_______-______---_-__-_--_-_---_-_--- 10 Opeche shale___.__________________________________________ 10 Minnekahta limestone___-___________---_--_-_-____-__--_-_- 10 Gypsum and red shale sequence._______-_--_-_--____-____-__ 11 Triassic system..._____________________________________________ 11 Chugwater formation______________________________________ 11 Jurassic system______________________________________________ 11 Sundance formation______________________________________ 11 Morrison formation._______________________________________ 12 Cretaceous system_____________________________________________ 13 Lower Cretaceous rocks.___-__-_____-__-_-_-_-__-_______--- 13 Cloverly formation. ___________________________________ 13 Thermopolis shale.-_______--_-_--_-__---_-_________--- 13 Mowry shale_____________________-__------_______.__-_ 14 Upper Cretaceous rocks.;____-______-___--___--____________ 14 Frontier formation____________________________________ 14 Niobrara formation.___________________________________ 14 Pierre shale---__--_____-____.________-_-_-__________-_ 14 Fox Hills sandstone_____________________________________ 15 Lance formation...-____________ ....................... 15 Tertiary system-____---___.___________-___-_-_----_____________ 15 Oligocene series___________________________________________ 17 White River formation.__________________________'______ 17 Oligocene and Miocene series, undivided____________________ 21 Unnamed conglomerate sequence. _______________________ 21 Miocene series._______________________________________ 22 Arikaree formation.___________________________________ 22 Deposits of post-early Miocene and pre-Pliocene age __.__-_ 25 Pliocene(?)__-_.--._.-.___.....___._________._______.....- 25 Quaternary system. ___________________________________________ 25 High-level gravel-_________________________________________ 25 Terrace deposits--_________________________________________ 26 Sand and loess deposits.J__._________________________________ 26 Tributary valley alluvium. -__.______.___-_-_---__________-- 26 Flood-plain deposits.______________________________________ 28 in IV CONTENTS Page Structure._ __________________________: F28 Faults__________________________ 30 Folds...._._.___._________..____. 32 Tertiary and Quaternary geologic history- 32 Tertiary history___________________ 32 Quaternary history_^_.____________ 34 Economic possibilities._________________ 34 Oil and ga£__-________-__--___--_- 34 Sand and gravel-__________________ 36 Uranium _ ________________________ 36 References. ___________________________ 37 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates are in pocket] Page PLATE 1. Geologic map and section of the Fort Laramie area, Platte and Goshen Counties, Wyo. 2. Correlation of formations in and near the Fort Laramie area. 3. Composite stratigraphic section of rocks in the Fort Laramie area. FIGURE 1. Index map of Wyoming showing location of the Fort Laramie area._________________-_-____--_--_-___-_---___---___ F3 2. Correlation chart showing age relations of Tertiary rocks_--_- 16 3. Valley fill, Arikaree formation, and terrace gravel in railroad cut________________________________________________ 27 4. Map of southeastern Wyoming showing structural setting of the Fort Laramie area________________________________ 29 5. Whalen fault in North Platte River escarpment. __ __________ 31 TABLES Page TABLE 1. List of test wells for oil and gas____________________________ F6 2. Heavy-mineral distribution in eight dated samples of Tertiary rocks __________-____------__-__-----_-_--_----------_- 18 3. Vertebrate fossils from the Fort Laramie and adjacent areas.__ 19 4. Uranium analyses of water samples_.____-_-___-___-___-_-_- 37 CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGY OF THE FORT LARAMIE AREA, PLATTE AND GOSHEN COUNTIES, WYOMING By LAURA W. McGREW ABSTRACT The Fort Laramie area comprises about 200 square miles along the northwest margin of the Julesburg basin in southeastern Wyoming. Bocks exposed are the White River formation of Oligocene age, an unamed conglomerate sequence of late Oligocene and earliest Miocene' age, the Arikaree formation of early and early middle Miocene age, lag boulders from deposits of post-early Miocene and pre-Pliocene age, and loess, silt, sand, and gravel depo­ sits of Pleistocene and Recent age. Pre-Oligocene rocks in the subsurface in­ clude igneous and metamorphic rocks of Precambrian age; the Guernsey forma­ tion of Devonian and Mississippian age; the Hartville formation of Mississip- pian(?), Pennsylvanian, and Permian age; the Opeche shale, Minnekahta limestone, and a gypsum and red shale sequence of Permian age; the Chugwater formation of Triassic age; the Sundance 'and Morrison formations of Jurassic age; and the Cleverly, Tnermopolis, Mowry, Frontier, Niobrara, and Pierre formations of Cretaceous age. The Fox Hills sandstone and Lance formation of Late Cretaceous age were penetrated in one well about 11 miles southeast of the Fort Laramie area. The White River formation is exposed in Goshen Hole in the southeastern part of the map area and in the North Platte and Laramie River valleys in the north-central part of the map area. It consists of about 80 feet of variegated bentonitic claystone containing gray conglomeratic, crossbedded channel sand­ stone, overlain by 290 to 570 feet of orange-gray tuffaceous siltstone and silty claystone also containing gray conglomeratic, crossbedded channel sandstone beds. Vertebrate fossils from many horizons in the formation indicate an early through late Oligocene age. Overlying the White River formation in the northwestern part of the map area and around the northwestern part of Goshen Hole is a conglomerate se­ quence 50 to 100 feet thick. Constituents of the conglomerate range in size from sand to boulders, which are derived in part from rocks of Precambrian age and in part from the Guernsey and Hartville formations. Vertebrate fossils in­ dicate that the conglomerate is of late Oligocene and earliest Miocene age. The Arikaree formation rests on the conglomerate sequence where that unit is present and directly on the White River formation elsewhere. It is as much as 700 feet thick and is divisible into three units: a lower 200- to 300-foot se­ quence of soft massive orange-gray tuffaceous sandstone of early and middle early Miocene age; a middle 200-foot sequence of gray tuffaceous sandstone Fl F2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY of late early Miocene age containing many limy sandstone and fresh-water limestone beds; and an upper 200-foot sequence of soft massive orange-gray tuffaceous sandstone of early middle Miocene age. Limy sandstone concretions and siliceous root casts are abundant throughout the Arikaree formation. Lag boulders 3 to 4 feet in diameter rest on the Arikaree formation in the northwestern part of the map area. These are believed to have weathered out of a post-early Miocene and pre-Pliocene deposit. Deposits of Quaternary age cover a large part of the Fort Laramie area. These deposits range in thickness from 0 to 80 feet. Units mapped include terrace deposits of sand, silt, and gravel; sand and loess deposits forming up­ land soils; tributary valley alluvium; and flood-plain deposits. The so-called Larainide orogeny that produced the Laramie Mountains, Hart- ville uplift, Richeau Hills, and Moonshine Hills in eastern Wyoming probably reached its climax in the early Eocene. Following the orogeny, but prior to deposition of rocks of Oligocene age, the Larainide folds were extensively eroded and in many places rocks of Precambrian age were exposed. On the surface thus formed, sediments of Oligocene and younger age were deposited. Oligocene and Miocene sediments were deposited on broad flood plains with intermittent channel cutting and filling. Northwestern Wyoming is suggested as a possible source for the volcanic ash, an important constituent of the Oligocene and Miocene deposits. Following the deposition of rocks of early middle Miocene age in eastern Wyoming, an orogenic disturbance with extensive block faulting resulted in a conspicuous horst block bounded by the Wheatland fault system on the north­ west and the Whalen fault system on the southeast. Associated regional fold­ ing resulted in a broad donial uplift now breached to form Goshen Hole,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 71St Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Paris Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, USA November 2 – 5, 2011 SESSION CONCURRENT SESSION CONCURRENT
    ISSN 1937-2809 online Journal of Supplement to the November 2011 Vertebrate Paleontology Vertebrate Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate 71st Annual Meeting Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Las Vegas Paris Nevada, USA Las Vegas, November 2 – 5, 2011 Program and Abstracts Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 71st Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts COMMITTEE MEETING ROOM POSTER SESSION/ CONCURRENT CONCURRENT SESSION EXHIBITS SESSION COMMITTEE MEETING ROOMS AUCTION EVENT REGISTRATION, CONCURRENT MERCHANDISE SESSION LOUNGE, EDUCATION & OUTREACH SPEAKER READY COMMITTEE MEETING POSTER SESSION ROOM ROOM SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS SEVENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING PARIS LAS VEGAS HOTEL LAS VEGAS, NV, USA NOVEMBER 2–5, 2011 HOST COMMITTEE Stephen Rowland, Co-Chair; Aubrey Bonde, Co-Chair; Joshua Bonde; David Elliott; Lee Hall; Jerry Harris; Andrew Milner; Eric Roberts EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Philip Currie, President; Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Past President; Catherine Forster, Vice President; Christopher Bell, Secretary; Ted Vlamis, Treasurer; Julia Clarke, Member at Large; Kristina Curry Rogers, Member at Large; Lars Werdelin, Member at Large SYMPOSIUM CONVENORS Roger B.J. Benson, Richard J. Butler, Nadia B. Fröbisch, Hans C.E. Larsson, Mark A. Loewen, Philip D. Mannion, Jim I. Mead, Eric M. Roberts, Scott D. Sampson, Eric D. Scott, Kathleen Springer PROGRAM COMMITTEE Jonathan Bloch, Co-Chair; Anjali Goswami, Co-Chair; Jason Anderson; Paul Barrett; Brian Beatty; Kerin Claeson; Kristina Curry Rogers; Ted Daeschler; David Evans; David Fox; Nadia B. Fröbisch; Christian Kammerer; Johannes Müller; Emily Rayfield; William Sanders; Bruce Shockey; Mary Silcox; Michelle Stocker; Rebecca Terry November 2011—PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS 1 Members and Friends of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, The Host Committee cordially welcomes you to the 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Las Vegas.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Were Accidentally Lost,But Future Shipments Will Probably
    59.9(728) Article XXXIV.- MAMMALS FROM NICARAGUA. BY J. A. ALLEN. During the last two years the Museum has received several collections of birds and mammals from Nicaragua, made by Mr. William B. Richardson, who for many years was in the employ of Messrs. Salvin and Godman as an ornithological collector in Mexico and Central America. The mammals thus far received comprise about 400 specimens, representing nearly 60 species, of which about one-fourth appear to be undescribed. This is perhaps not surprising, in view of the fact that very few mammals have been previously received from Nicaragua. The most important of Mr. Richardson's discoveries are a new and very distinct species of Bassaricyon, and a new species of spiney rat, allied to the Ecuadorian Echimys gymnurus Thomas, and representing a hitherto unrecognized genus. The collection contains also several other species which are quite differentt from any previously known. Mr. Richardson's collecting trips have covered a wide extent of country. From his home at Matagalpa, in the central part of Nicaragua, he visited the highlands to the northward and northwestward, and also the Pacific coast; eastward his explorations extended from Lake Nicaragua to the vicinity of the Atlantic coast. The principal points at which collections were made are as follows: Matagalpa, altitude about 3000 feet. San Rafael del Norte, altitude about 5000 feet. Ocotal, altitude about 4500 feet. Chinandega, on the Pacific slope, about 700 feet. Chontales, lowlands east of Lake Nicaragua, altitude about 500 to 1000 feet. Tuma and Lavala, east of Matagalpa, on the Atlantic slope, below 1000 feet.
    [Show full text]
  • Agate Fossil Beds
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers National Park Service 1980 Agate Fossil Beds Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natlpark "Agate Fossil Beds" (1980). U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers. 160. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natlpark/160 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the National Park Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Agate Fossil Beds cap. tfs*Af Clemson Universit A *?* jfcti *JpRPP* - - - . Agate Fossil Beds Agate Fossil Beds National Monument Nebraska Produced by the Division of Publications National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 1980 — — The National Park Handbook Series National Park Handbooks, compact introductions to the great natural and historic places adminis- tered by the National Park Service, are designed to promote understanding and enjoyment of the parks. Each is intended to be informative reading and a useful guide before, during, and after a park visit. More than 100 titles are in print. This is Handbook 107. You may purchase the handbooks through the mail by writing to Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC 20402. About This Book What was life like in North America 21 million years ago? Agate Fossil Beds provides a glimpse of that time, long before the arrival of man, when now-extinct creatures roamed the land which we know today as Nebraska.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History
    Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History In publication since 1925, and originally a monograph series, the Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History publishes peer-reviewed contributions on original research in the natural sciences represented by the collections of the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History’s curatorial divisions, covering diverse topics that include evolution, phylogeny, taxonomy, systematics, biology, botany, zoology, invertebrate and vertebrate paleontology, and paleoecology, paleobotany, and archaeology. Full monographs of Bulletin numbers 1 through 46 are available for download at peabody.yale.edu. Beginning with Volume 47, fully indexed published Bulletin articles are available online through BioOne Complete. Yale University provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes only. Copyright or other proprietary rights to content contained in this document may be held by individuals or entities other than, or in addition to, Yale University. You are solely responsible for determining the ownership of the copyright, and for obtaining permission for your intended use. Yale University makes no warranty that your distribution, reproduction, or other use of these materials will not infringe the rights of third parties. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, YALE UNIVERSITY 170 WHITNEY AVENUE, P.O. BOX 208118, NEW HAVEN CT 06520-8118 USA PEABODY.YALE.EDU THE PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BULLETIN 2 THE OSTEOLOGY OF EPOREODON SOCIALIS MARSH BY MALCOLM RUTHERFORD THORPE, PH.D.
    [Show full text]
  • (CARNIVORA: AMPHICYONIDAE) from the UPPER MIOCENE of BATALLONES-1, MADRID, SPAIN by STE´ PHANE PEIGNE´ *, MANUEL J
    [Palaeontology, Vol. 51, Part 4, 2008, pp. 943–965] A NEW AMPHICYONINE (CARNIVORA: AMPHICYONIDAE) FROM THE UPPER MIOCENE OF BATALLONES-1, MADRID, SPAIN by STE´ PHANE PEIGNE´ *, MANUEL J. SALESA , MAURICIO ANTO´ N and JORGE MORALES *Muse´um national d’Histoire naturelle, De´partement Histoire de la Terre, USM 0203 ⁄ UMR 5143 Pale´obiodiversite´ et Pale´oenvironnement, CP 38, 8, rue Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France; e-mail: [email protected] Departamento de Paleobiologı´a, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, c ⁄ Jose´ Gutie´rrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Typescript received 4 July 2007; accepted in revised form 17 September 2007 Abstract: The vertebrate community of the late Miocene anceps gen. et sp. nov., is markedly distinct from all other locality of Batallones-1, Madrid Province, Spain, is mainly known Amphicyoninae, specifically in its hypercarnivorous composed of mammals of the order Carnivora, which rep- features (strongly compressed upper canines, absence of resents 98 per cent of the total number of macro-mammal dP1 ⁄ dp1 and P2 ⁄ p2, single-rooted p3, absence of a meta- fossils. Here, we describe craniodental remains of approxi- conid on the lower molars, and reduction of M2 relative mately 12 individuals of a new, highly specialized member to M1). of the Amphicyonidae, previously assigned to Amphicyon sp. cf. A. castellanus. A phylogenetic analysis of Amphicy- Key words: Carnivora, Amphicyonidae, Spain, Miocene, oninae shows that this new form, named Magericyon Vallesian, carnivore trap, Batallones. Since 1991, the localities of Cerro de los Batallones in This study describes the remains of another well-known Madrid Province, Spain (Text-fig.
    [Show full text]
  • New Record of a Haplocyonine Amphicyonid in Early Miocene of Nei Mongol Fills a Long-Suspected Geographic Hiatus
    第54卷 第1期 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 pp. 21−35 2016年1月 VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA figs. 1−5 New record of a haplocyonine amphicyonid in Early Miocene of Nei Mongol fills a long-suspected geographic hiatus WANG Xiao-Ming1,2* WANG Hong-Jiang3 JIANGZUO Qi-Gao2,4 (1 Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles, California 90007, USA * Corresponding author: [email protected]) (2 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044, China) (3 Administration Station of Cultural Relics of Xilinguole League Xilinhaote 026000, Nei Mongol, China) (4 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049) Abstract We place on the record a newly discovered amphicyonid (beardogs) upper molar from the Early Miocene Lower Red Mudstone Member of Aoerban Formation in central Nei Mongol. This molar is highly diagnostic of European haplocyonine or North American temnocyonine, two subfamilies of beardogs that have long been known in those continents but notably absent in Asia. The new molar is strikingly similar to Haplocyonoides mordax and Temnocyon percussor with its dumbbell-shaped M1 outline, reduced parastyle, isolated protocone by a surrounding cingulum, and extreme reduction of pre- and postprotocristae. Given the limited material at hand, we tentatively refer the new Chinese fossil to the European Haplocyonoides cf. H. mordax because of their similar size and age relationship. If this identification is correct, our new record thus fills a large gap in the geographic distribution of the haplocyonines and represents an excursion of this rare subfamily from Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammalia, Carnivora): Appearance of the Eurasian Beardog Ysengrinia in North America Robert M
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of 2002 Intercontinental Migration of Neogene Amphicyonids (Mammalia, Carnivora): Appearance of the Eurasian Beardog Ysengrinia in North America Robert M. Hunt Jr. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Hunt, Robert M. Jr., "Intercontinental Migration of Neogene Amphicyonids (Mammalia, Carnivora): Appearance of the Eurasian Beardog Ysengrinia in North America" (2002). Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. 547. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/547 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3384, 53 pp., 24 ®gures, 6 tables December 27, 2002 Intercontinental Migration of Neogene Amphicyonids (Mammalia, Carnivora): Appearance of the Eurasian Beardog Ysengrinia in North America ROBERT M. HUNT, JR.1 CONTENTS Abstract ...................................................................... 2 Introduction ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Agate Spring Quarries, Sioux County, Nebraska Robert M
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of 1972 Miocene Amphicyonids (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Agate Spring Quarries, Sioux County, Nebraska Robert M. Hunt Jr. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Hunt, Robert M. Jr., "Miocene Amphicyonids (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Agate Spring Quarries, Sioux County, Nebraska" (1972). Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. 555. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/555 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. dh'ieanox4tatesJuseum PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. I0024 NUMBER 2506 . NOVEMBER 9, 1972 Miocene Amphicyonids (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Agate Spring Quarries, Sioux County, Nebraska BY ROBERT M. HUNT, JR.1 ABSTRACT The Miocene late Arikareean land mammal "age" is largely defined by the faunal assemblage from the Agate Spring Quarries and other nearby localities in the Harrison Formation of Sioux County, Nebraska. Amphicyonid carnivores of the genera Cynelos Jourdan and rsengrinia Ginsburg were previously known only from European Oligocene and Miocene deposits. These genera are now known from the Harrison Formation of Sioux and Box Butte counties, western Nebraska, and therefore the late Arikareean fauna now includes three amphicyonids: Cynelos sp., (?)'Xsengrinia sp., Daphoenodon superbus Peterson.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Mode of Death of John Day Merycoidodontidae
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Melinda Elaine Brown for the degree of Master of Science in Department of Zoology presented on September 28, 1981 Title: Determination of mode of death of John Day Merycoidodontidae (Oreodontidae) by population age structure analysis Redacted for privacy Abstract approved: Dr. John A. Ruben Volcanic activity during the Tertiary has long been held responsible for the deaths and subsequent fossilization of the vertebrate populations of the John Day region in Oregon. Oreodonts as plains or savannah dwelling ruminant herbivores, were likely to have been subject to potential exposure throughout their lifetime to volcanic debris and gasses. However, statistical comparisons of oreodont and recent ruminant populations indicate that other natural causes (e.g. predation) were more influential factors in the deaths of the oreodonts than cataclysmic volcanic activity. Assumptions that allowed such comparisons to have been made in- eluded 1) oreodonts exhibited a similar life style, and had similar aye classes and age distributions as extant ruminants thought to occupy generally similar habitats. 2) Fossilization processes at John Day were assumed not to have radically altered the proportions of the various age classes at death although some differential preservation of mature and older individuals may have occurred. Determination of mode of death of John Day Merycoidodontidae (Oreodontidae) by population age structure analysis by Melinda Elaine Brown A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Completed September 28, 1981 Commencement June 1982 APPROVED: Redacted for privacy Astistant Professor of Zoology in charge of major Redacted for privacy Chairman of Department of Zoology Redacted for privacy dean of Gradua1Shool Date thesis is presented September 28, 1981 Typed by Julie Ann Winchester for Melinda Elaine Brown TABLE OF CONTENTS I.
    [Show full text]
  • Townsend Valley, Montana
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUBERT WORK, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE Ons SMITH, Director ______ t Water-Supply Paper 539 GEOLOGY AND GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF TOWNSEND VALLEY, MONTANA BY WASHINGTON 1OVBBNMBNT PRINTING OFFICE 1925 ADDITIONAL COfIE8 Of THIS PBBUCAKOM HAT BB PKOCtJEED FKOH THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING O?FK3B WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 16 CENTS PER COPY CONTENTS Page Introduction _________________________...._._________ 1 Field work__________________________________ 1 Summary _______,.______________________.__,____ 2 History of settlement. j. 8 Topography ___________ _ _________,_____._____._ 5 Principal features 5 Benches __-__________._.___._________.____._ 6 : "Valley bottoms_____________________________ 8 Hilly lands_____________________'-____________ $ Drainage ________________.____________-_,_____ 9 Vegetation ____________________________________ 10 Climate _____________________________^_____________ 10 Geology ___ . ____________ _ _ 18 Pre-Tertiary rocks. ______________________________ _ 18 : Stratigraphy _-___i.________-.'.___~________;__».;_ 18 Structure ________.;_.____._____________'._.__ 15 Tertiary rocks _____ ________~ __.i !____ 17 Literature ... :__ __ 17 ' Stratigraphy ______..____.. ___________ ____^1_ 22 Lower series (OHgocene) ;; __u_____j 22 Upper series (Miocene)________-___________ 20 Structure ________________________________ SO Folds _______________________________ 81 Faults _______________________________ 82 Age and correlation__________________________ 83 Quaternary
    [Show full text]
  • File # 01Acc (Large Individual, Composite figure, Based Epicyon Haydeni «N
    AMNH BULLETIN Monday Oct 04 02:19 PM 1999 amnb 99111 Mp 2 Allen Press • DTPro System File # 01acc (large individual, composite figure, based Epicyon haydeni ´n. (small individual, based on AMNH 8305) and Epicyon saevus Reconstruction of on specimens from JackNorth Swayze America. Quarry). Illustration These by two Mauricio species Anto co-occur extensively during the late Clarendonian and early Hemphillian of western 2 1999 WANG ET AL.: SYSTEMATICS OF BOROPHAGINAE 3 CONTENTS Abstract ..................................................................... 9 Introduction .................................................................. 10 Institutional Abbreviations ................................................... 11 Acknowledgments .......................................................... 12 History of Study .............................................................. 13 Materials and Methods ........................................................ 18 Scope ...................................................................... 18 Species Determination ........................................................ 18 Taxonomic Nomenclature ..................................................... 19 Format ..................................................................... 19 Chronological Framework .................................................... 20 Definitions .................................................................. 21 Systematic Paleontology ....................................................... 21 Subfamily Borophaginae Simpson,
    [Show full text]
  • North American Geology
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUBERT WORK, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Bulletin 758 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOLOGY FOR 1921-1922 BY JOHN M. NICKLES WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1924 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction_____________________________________________________ 1 Serials examined,_-_______----__--____-__--____-__--_-_-__------_- 3 Bibliography _____________________________________________________ 9 Index.._____________.___-_______-__--___--________--_._____-____ 153 Lists. -_----_____-____--__-_-_----_----_-------_.---- ---_-_----__. 243 Chemical analyses.______-____-__--__--_-_- ____.__________.__ 243 Mineral analyses.______._-______----__.______-__-_-.__-_.____ 244 Minerals described--------.----------------.---.--____---__--_ 245 Rocks described.._--._---__---__-__-__-._--_.---.-__----_-_-. 246 Geologic formations described-.-.__.___-____.___._._____-______ 247 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOLOGY FOB 1921-1922. By JOHN M. NIOKLES. INTRODUCTION. The bibliography of North American geology, including paleon­ tology, petrology, and mineralogy, for the years 1921 and 1922 con­ tains publications on the geology of the Continent of North America and adjacent islands and on Panama and the Hawaiian Islands. It includes textbooks and papers of general character by American au­ thors, but not those by foreign authors, except papers that appear in American publications. The papers, with full title and medium of publication and explana- tory note if the title is not fully self-explanatory, are listed under the names of their authors, which are arranged in alphabetic order. The author list is followed by an index to the literature listed.
    [Show full text]