DOCSLIB.ORG

Formation of Nangwalbibra, Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Formation of Nangwalbibra, Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India Paiaeobotanisl 49 (2000) : 225-237 0031-0174/20001225-237 $2.00 Study ofplant megafossils from the Tura· Formation of Nangwalbibra, Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India R.C. MEHROTRA Sirbal Salmi Institute ofPalaeobotany, 53 University Road, Lucknow 226007, India. (Received 05 April 1999; revised version accepted 07 October 1999) ABSTRACT Mehrotra RC 2000. Study of plant megafossils from the Tura Formation of Nangwalbibra, Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India. Palaeobotanist 49(2) : 225-237. Leaf-impressions collected from the Tura Formation (Upper Palaeocene) ofNangwalbibra. Garo Hills. Meghalaya belong to Grewia ofTiliaceae. Alalalllia of Rutaceae. Schleichera ofSapindaceae. Mallgifera of Anacardiaceae, Termillalia as well as Calycopleris of Combretaceae, Syzygiul11 of Myrtaceae and ChrysophyllulIl of Sapotaceae. In addition, a few palm leaves of uncertain affinities are also described. The modem comparable forms of the fossils indicate a tropical warm and humid climate in the area during the deposition of the beds. Key-words-Leaf-impressions. Angiosperms. Tura Fonnation, Garo Hills, Upper Palaeocene. ~ ~ '1i4IcR'1~<s({1 ~ ~ :ll~HP"l~ ~ ~ ett 1JTU qrfu- % -a j(C\q I~ql~tff qiT -3l&r1'1' m~T%~ mu~ ~ ~ (~qR1~1t111) ~~'1 ~ ~ <t\ miT qcffi~ it 1ijlcR1~0l{1 if @ B quf ~~ Q11<{lI~QW ~ ~ Wt~, vn ~ it;ftfcrqr, ~ it it "ffftim, it ~ ~tm ~. ~ it eWiR741 tzci /lidl'hNRfI, ~ it A7$J{tf:;jlJlf nm it #i1$vi'Jfi!;ITIlf B ~ ~ or~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~&1fUm rr{~. 01T~ ~ ~ <t\ <t\ c8 A it B ~ ~ ~ ~. 'fffiW it f1"m it ~ IiR if \jOUI iflkOl·tfrl, ~ tzci \3Wj <{iT m ~-quf ~~'1, ~, @ ~, miT qcffi~, ~ qR141W1. INTRODUCTION bearing beds are located on the right bank ofthe Nangal stream within an area of3 km. The fossils are found in greyish-white HE rocks of the Tura Formation are well exposed near to buff coloured clay stones ranging 305-366 m in thickness. T Nangwalbibra (25°28' N, 90° 42' E), a town situated near The locality map (Fig. I) and litholog of the area are already Williamnagar, East Garo Hills District, Meghalaya. The plant gi ven by Bhattacharyya (1983) and Saxena el al. (1996). «:> Birbat Sahni Instilule of Palaeobotany. tndia 226 THE PALAEOBOTANIST Age Group Lithology 2S~ 40' Oligocene Simsang Formation WILLIAHNAGAR (100 m thick) JWEST KHASI Eocene-Palaeocene Jaintia Kopili Formation , HILLS (450 m to 500 m thick) '-~ KHERAPARA 2S' Siju Limestone ) 20' '­ (100 m to 160 m thick) W[ST~ _ ASSAI1 ~' __ , --.,.." 1OCoAL.~.-. '- -).~ v r' 5 ~HARA I ; PI [ G,k ';. LAY> 1:\ Tura Formation ~(;,MC",",.t .""tl&J.\ t "\. .~ ../'-.--. ~J._._. ~~) o 10 (180 m to 250 m thick) r-"·-._. __ ~ ....,. BAHGlAOESH' Upper Cretaceous Coarse grained sandstone Fig. 1- A map showing the fossiliferous locality near Williamnagar (after Saxena el ai., 1996). and conglomerate (60 m thick) however, the general stratigraphic sequence noticed in the area is given below in Fig. 2. As evident from this figure the Tura --- --------- ------Unconform itY---- -- --------------- -- ------- -- --- Formation is considered as Upper Palaeocene in age (Saxena er at., 1996; Mehrotra ef at., 1998). Precambrian Coarse grained granite The average annual rainfall in the Garo Hills varies from ganodiorites, banded gneiss 250 cm to 320 cm. The climate is moderate during winter, but and quartzite gradually becomes warmer from middle of March. The monsoon sets in from mid-May and the area is covered with a Fig. 2-General slraligraphic sequence ofGaro Hills. Meghalaya (after Raja thick forest of mostly deciduous trees having a thick Rao, 1981). undergrowth of thorny bushes. The fossil flora of Nangwalbibra is not well known and SYSTEMATICS only a few plant fossils are described from the area. Lakhanpal (1964) first recorded a palm leaf from this area. Later, DICOTYLEDONS Bhatlacharyya (1983) described several forms, namely NeLumbo nagaLensis (Nymphaeaceae), Lirsea sp., Phoebe Family-TILIACEAE Bentham & Hooker f. subLanceoLara (Lauraceae), Arlocarp us garoensis (Moraceae), Genus-GREWIA Linnaeus Triumfetta rhomboideocarpa (Tiliaceae), Heteropwzax sp. (Araliaceae), Osmanthus eocenicus, Ligustrum turaense, Species-GREWIA SAHNII (Lakhanpal) comb. nov. AnthoLirhes oLeaceaeformis, A. campanuLatus (Oleaceae), PI. 1·1 Nipa sahnii (Palmae) and Poacites sp. A field excursion was undertaken to ascertain the NeoLitsea sahnii palaeofloral composition of the Garo Hills, Meghalaya and a 1954 Lakhanpal, p. 28, PI. I, figs 3, 4. large number of plant megafossils were collected from the Description-Leaf simple, more or less complete, Tura Formation of Nangwalbibra. Most of the fossils are in symmetrical, elliptic, about 9·0 x 4·0 cm in length and width the form of leaf-impressions, a few fruits and seeds were also respectively; apex slightly broken but appearing acute; base collected from the same locality. Some are complete and well asymmetrical, obtuse, normal; margin entire; texture appearing preserved while others are fragmentary in nature. chartaceous; petiole length and width about 1·3 x I'5 cm All the type specimens, negatives etc. ofthe fossils being respectively, normal; venation acrodromous, basal, imperfect; described in the paper are deposited in the repository of the primary veins (10) three in number, mid-rib stout, slightly Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow. curved near the apex, a pair of lateral primaries coming off at The terminology used in describing leaves is after Hickey base at an angle of25°-30° and running up to the middle of the (1973) and Dilcher (1974). The identification of leaves was leaf; secondary veins (20) arising from the mid-rib at about done by comparing them with the herbarium sheets at Forest one third of its length from the base, about 10 pairs visible, Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun; Central National alternate, 6-11 mm apart, angle ofdivergence moderately acute Herbarium (CNH), Howrah and Birbal Sahni Institute of to narrow acute (60°_40°), decreasing gradually towards the Palaeobotany (BSIP), Lucknow. apex, abruptly curved near the margin to form loops,joining MEHROTRA-STUDY OFPLANT MEGAFOSSILS FROM THETURA FORMATION OF NANGWALBIBRA 227 superadjacent secondaries at right angle to sometimes at acute and running up to the middle ofthe leaf; secondary veins arising angle, moderately thick; intramarginal vein absent; tertiary from the midrib at about one third of its length from the base, veins (30) fine, angle oforigin usually RR, pattern percurrent, alternate, angle of divergence moderately acute 10 narrow simple, obliquely placed, predominantly alternate, close, some acute, decreasing gradually towards the apex, abruptly curved arising directly from mid-rib to join with the lateral veins; near the margin to form loops with the superadjacent higher order venation present; areoles well developed, secondaries; tertiary veins percurrent, simple, obliquely placed, oriented, usually quadrangular, medium to small, vein-lets not predominantly alternate, close, some arisingdirectly from the observed. mid-rib to join with the lateral veins. Holotype-Specimen no. BSIP 38086. Occurrellce-Tura Formation; Nangwalbibra near Species-GREWIA GAROENSIS (Lakhanpal) Williamnagar, East Garo Hills District, Meghalaya; Upper comb. nov. Palaeocene. PI. 1·2 Affillities-The important features of the fossi I leaf are: acrodromous basal imperfect venation, asymmetrical base, Trel1la garoensis entire margin, elliptic shape, secondary veins forming loops 1954 Lakhanpal, p. 27-28, PI. 1'1,2 and percurrent tertiary veins. These characters indicate its Description-Leaf more or less complete with slightly affinities with Grewia Linnaeus of Tiliaceae. Further broken apex, simple, symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical, identification of the fossil leaf up to specific level is very narrow ovate; preserved length (including petiole) ll·5 cm, difficult as there are lot of variations in leaf structure among maximum width 4-4 cm; apex appearing acute; base different species ofGrewia. The base varies from asymmetrical symmetrical; margin serrate, acute, apical side concave to to symmetrical (Grewia laevigala Yahl, Herbarium Sheet Nos straight, basal side straight; sinuses angular, spacing more or FRI 2362, 62203), while the margin varies from serrate to less regular, simple on complete margin; texture seemingly partially serrate to entire (G. calophylla Kurz, Herbarium Sheet chartaceous; attachment with petiole normal; petiole 2·5 cm Nos CNH 80761,1924). in length and 2 mm in thickness; venation acrodromous, Though fossil woods (Bande & Srivastava, 1995) and imperfect; primary veins three, one straight and moderately fruit (Paradkar & Dixit, 1984) of Grewia are of common thick called mid-rib, two laterals coming off at the base at an occurrence in the Deccan lntertrappean beds of India, its only angle of 40° and running half way of the lamina length; leaf, G. foxii Lakhanpal (1954), is known from the Eocene of secondary veins 7 pairs visible, arising slightly above the base, Damalgiri, Tura District, Meghalaya.lt differs from the present alternate, 0·8-1·6 cm apart, angle of divergence narrow to fossil in having serrate-crenate margin, ovate shape, smaller moderately acute (30°-50°), upper pairs more acute than lower, size and twisted petiole. A few years back Srivastava et al. moderately thick, uniformly curved, sometimes joining (1992) also described a fossil leaf of Grewia riliaefolia Yahl superadjacent secondaries; intersecondary veins not present; from the Pleistocene beds of Mahuadanr, Palamu District, intramarginal veins absent; tertiary veins percurrent, angle of Bihar. It also differs from the present
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Conference Digest
    HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 21 Number 2 Himalayan Research Bulletin Article 17 2001 Conference Digest Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation . 2001. Conference Digest. HIMALAYA 21(2). Available at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol21/iss2/17 This Other is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Conference Digest CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS THE 30th ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON SOUTH ASIA MADISON, WISCONSIN OCTOBER 18-21, 2001 NATURE AND NATION: PERSPECTIVES FROM This paper will deal with the movement against forest res­ INDIA AND NEPAL ervation in the Garo Hills in the early 20th century, a move­ ment that succeeded in putting a halt to further reserva­ Gunnel Ceder!Of, Uppsala University tions and out of which a new type of ethnic politics and The Sovereign State and the Subjects' Right in Nature: leadership among the Garos evolved. The Garo Hills is situ­ India Under Company Rule ated in the eastern part of the present Indian State of Meghalaya. In contrast to the general situation in India, After forest lands were ceded to the East India Company the bulk of the forests in Meghalaya and other hill states of in the early nineteenth century, the principles of land settle­ Northeast India are under communal management and ment came into conflict with the local livelihoods of people ownership.
    [Show full text]
  • This File Was Created by Scanning the Printed
    Feb 2��p I Journal ojChemoand Biosphere, Issue 1: VoL 1, pp. 90-98 Key tiger habitats in the Garo Hills of Meghalaya Ashish Kumae and Marcot B. G. 2 lAshish Kumar, JalaSRI Watershed Surveiliance and Research Institute, KCE Society's Moolji Jaitha College, Jilha Peth, Jalgaon - 425 001, Maharashtra,India, [email protected] 2Bruce G. Marcot, USDAForest Service, PacificNorthwest Research Station, 620 S. W. Main Street, Portland, OR 97205, U.S.A., [email protected] Abstract We describe assumed tiger habitat characteristics andattempt to identifY potential tiger habitats in the Garo Hills region of Megha\aya, North East India. Conserving large forest tracts and protected wildlife habitats provides an opportunity for restoring populations of wide-ranging wildlife such as tigers and elepha.TJts. Basedon limited fieldobservations coupled with focused group discussion with local villagers andsenior staffmembers of the wildlife wing ofthe State Forest Departmentof Megahlaya,we identified 20 localities in South GaroHills, which if protected andmanaged for tiger conservation, could help restore this fast disappearing species. An integrated multidisciplinary landscape scale approach to wildlife management, including designation of intact forest corridors among protected areas and reserved forests, would greatlycontribute to conservation of tigers andoverall biodiversity of this region. Keywords: tiger, population viability, landscape approach, conservation, corridors, core habitats Introduction Although the disappearance of tigers from The first ever scientific census of tiger some parks and reserves may be due, in part, to (Pantheratigris tigris) populations by the National poaching and other anthropogenic stressors, it is Tiger Conservation Authority (New Delhi) and still vital to defineand provide for their basic needs Wildlife Institute ofIndia (Dehradun) during 2007 for habitat and prey.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of Neolithic Agriculture and Shifting Cultivation, Garo Hills, Meghalaya
    Aspects of Neolithic Agriculture and Shifting Cultivation, Garo Hills, Meghalaya Received 22 August 1981 SANKAR KUMAR ROY ABSTRACT HE TRADITIONAL SHIFTING cultivation (or slash and burn) being practiced in T the Garo Hills has a prehistoric base. The hoe and axe continue as the princi­ pal tools, operated exclusively by human energy. We cannot say whether the people of the culture under study are the descendants of the neolithic population, but analogy between the material cultures of the past and present should not be ignored. Chronologically the culture under study is modern, but economically neolithic. There are differences in the raw material of the tools. Formerly they were made of stone, at present they are iron. Such a difference does not result in a major variation in the quantity of production between past and present. The hoe and axe have inher­ ent limitations in working capability. Such a technology, under the given ecological conditions, can support only 4 to 5 persons per square kilometer. Under the tradi­ tional agricultural system, intensification contributes little to improvement, as was the case during neolithic times as well. INTRODUCTION The discovery of neolithic artifacts from Garo Hills, Meghalaya (previously Assam) dates back more than a decade now. The work done so far has been primarily confined to the typological and technological aspects of these materials (Goswami and Bhagabati 1959a; 1959b; Goswami et a1. 1969; Sharma and Sharma 1968; Sharma and Singh 1968; Revised manuscript received 12 June 1984. Sankar Kumar Roy is Curator, Anthropological Museum, Depart­ ment of Anthropology, Gauhati University, Gauhati-781014, Assam, India.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 23 Central and Eastern India
    .UNIT 23 CENTRAL AND EASTERN INDIA Objectives Introduction Malwa Jaunpur Bengal Assam 23.5.1 Kamata-Kamrup 23.5.2 The Ahoms Orissa Let Us sum UP Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 4 23.0 OBJECTIVES In the present Unit, we will study about regional states in Central and Eastern India during the 13-15th centuries. After reading this Unit, you would learn about: the emergence of regional states in Central and Eastern India, territorial expansion of these regional kingdoms, their relations with their neighbours and other regional states, and 1 their relations with the Delhi Sultanate. 23.4 INTRODUCTION You have already read (in Block 5, Unit 18) that regional kingdoms posed severe threat to the already weakened Delhi Sultanate and with their emergence began the process of the physical disintegration of the Sultanate. In this Unit, our focus would be on the emergence of regional states in Central and Eastern India viz., Malwa, Jaunpur, Bengal, Assam and Orissa. We will study the polity-establishment, expansion and disintegration-of the above kingdoms. You would know how they emerged and succeeded in establishing their hegemony. During the 13th-15th centuries in Central and Eastern India, there emerged two types of kingdoms: a) those whose rise and development was independent of the Sultanate (for example : the kingdoms of Assam and Orissa) and b) Bengal, Malwa and Jaunpur who owed tHeir existencr ru the Sultanate. All these kingdoms were constantlyat war with each other. The nobles, ci,' ;s or rajas and local aristocracy played crucial roles in these confrontations. 23.2 MALWA The decline of the Sultanate paved the way for the emergence bf the independent kingdom of Malwa.
    [Show full text]
  • Ground Water Scenario of Himalaya Region, India
    Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k dk Hkwty ifjn`'; Ground Water Scenario of Himalayan Region, India laiknu@Edited By: lq'khy xqIrk v/;{k Sushil Gupta Chairman Central Ground Water Board dsanzh; Hkwfe tycksMZ Ministry of Water Resources ty lalk/ku ea=kky; Government of India Hkkjr ljdkj 2014 Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k dk Hkwty ifjn`'; vuqØef.kdk dk;Zdkjh lkjka'k i`"B 1- ifjp; 1 2- ty ekSle foKku 23 3- Hkw&vkd`fr foKku 34 4- ty foKku vkSj lrgh ty mi;kst~;rk 50 5- HkwfoKku vkSj foorZfudh 58 6- Hkwty foKku 73 7- ty jlk;u foKku 116 8- Hkwty lalk/ku laHkko~;rk 152 9- Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k esa Hkwty fodkl ds laca/k esa vfHktkr fo"k; vkSj leL;k,a 161 10- Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k ds Hkwty fodkl gsrq dk;Zuhfr 164 lanHkZ lwph 179 Ground Water Scenario of Himalayan Region of India CONTENTS Executive Summary i Pages 1. Introduction 1 2. Hydrometeorology 23 3. Geomorphology 34 4. Hydrology and Surface Water Utilisation 50 5. Geology and Tectonics 58 6. Hydrogeology 73 7. Hydrochemistry 116 8. Ground Water Resource Potential 152 9. Issues and problems identified in respect of Ground Water Development 161 in Himalayan Region of India 10. Strategies and plan for Ground Water Development in Himalayan Region of India 164 Bibliography 179 ifêdkvks dh lwph I. iz'kklfud ekufp=k II. Hkw vkd`fr ekufp=k III. HkwoSKkfud ekufp=k d- fgeky; ds mRrjh vkSj if'peh [kaM [k- fgeky; ds iwohZ vkSj mRrj iwohZ [kaM rFkk iwoksZRrj jkT; IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Industrial Profile of West Garo Hills District
    Brief Industrial Profile Of West Garo Hills District Brief Industrial Profile of West Garo Hills District. 1. General Characteristics of the District : West Garo Hills is one of the largest district of Meghalaya located in the western part of the State. The Garo Hills district was divided into two districts, viz. the West Garo Hills district and the East Garo Hills district in October 1976. The erstwhile West Garo Hills district was further divided into two administrative districts of West and South Garo Hills on June 1992. The district headquarters of West Garo Hills is Tura, which is the second largest town in the State after Shillong. The population is pre-dominantly inhabited by the Garos, a tribe with a matrilineal society belonging to the Bodo family of the Tibeto-Burman race tribes. Other indigenous inhabitants are the Hajongs, Rabhas, Koches, Rajbansis, Meches, Kacharis and Dalus. The district is also inhabited by Bengalis, Assamese, Nepalese, Marwaries, Biharis and people from other parts of India The whole of Garo Hills region forms a sort of undulating plateau with plenty of flat lands and valleys with altitudes varying from 100-1400 m above sea level, Nokrek being the highest point, i.e., 1418m. The district has a rich and unique flora and it is supposed to be the original home of the Citrus. The climate of the district is largely controlled by South-West monsoon and seasonal winds. The West Garo Hills district being relatively lower in altitude to the rest of Meghalaya, experiences a fairly high temperature for most part of the year.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Snakes in the Indian Museum
    : LIST OF SNAKES IN THE INDIAN MUSEUM. BY W. L. SCLATEE, M. A., F. Z. S., DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM. CALCUTTA PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM. 1891 . Issued Nm. 1891. Price : One Pxpee. 22102089672 Med K6937 * : LIST OF SNAKES IN THE INDIAN MUSEUM. BY W. L. SCLATER, M. A., F. Z. S., DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM. CALCUTTA PEIOTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM. 1891 . Issued Nov. 1891. Prioc : One Rupee. CALCUTTA : PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, 41, LOWER CIRCULAR ROAD. VUJ.C iTITuTE : i Y Coif Omec Call No C?L . INTRODUCTION. the The following is a mere List of the Snakes in Indian it has not seemed necessary to give descriptions Museum ; or the synonymy of the various species, this having in the case of the Indian forms been quite recently, thoroughly of British India and done by Mr. Boulenger in his Reptiles ; in the case of the exotic forms neither are our collections large enough, nor is my knowledge sufficiently extensive for the task. I have therefore contented myself with giving in each case the Author of the specific name and a reference to the best description, not necessarily the original one, to which I have been able to get access. Tbe following table shows the number of the species and specimens of Indian and Exotic Snakes in the Museum: Numbebs. of species. of specimens. Indian 210 2615 Exotic 140 386 Total . 350 3001 The number of Snakes described by Mr. Boulenger in his recent work on the Reptiles of the Indian Empire and Ceylon amounts in all to 264, to which number from an examination of the Snakes in the Indian Museum I have been able to add thirteen, of which five are new and eight are exotic species not mentioned in Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • West Khasi Hills
    State: MEGHALAYA Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: West Khasi Hills 1.0 District Agriculture profile* 1.1 Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Warm per humid Eco Region D2A9 (17.1) Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Commission) Eastern Himalayan Region (Temperate sub-alpine and mid tropical hill zone) Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) Sub Topical Hill Zone (NEH-5) List all the districts falling under the NARP Zone* East Khasi hills, West Khasi Hills, Jaintia hills ,East Garo Hills, West Garo Hills, South Garo Hills, Ri (*>50% area falling in the zone) Bhoi Geographic coordinates of district headquarters Latitude Longitude Altitude 25 10' and 25 90 44' and 91 49' E 1409 51' N Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ ZARS/ ICAR Research Complex for NEH region ,Umiam Road,Umiam-793103 (Meghalaya) RARS/ RRS/ RRTTS Mention the KVK located in the district with full address KVK, West Khasi Hills Nongshillong,PO: Nongstoin ,Meghalaya 793119 Name and address of the nearest Agro met Field Unit Indian Metereorological Department, 3rd Mile, Upper Shillong-793005 (AMFU, IMD) for agro-advisories in the Zone 1.2 Rainfall Normal RF(mm) Normal Rainy days Normal Onset Normal Cessation (number) ( specify week and month) (specify week and month) SW monsoon (June-Sep): 2370.32 75 2nd week of June 2nd week of October NE Monsoon(Oct-Dec): 228.62 35 3rd week of Oct 1st week of Dec Winter (Jan- February) 49.40 10 2nd week of Jan 3rd week of Feb Summer (March-May) 625.24 40 2nd week of April 3rd week of May Annual 3273.26 160 - - Source: Directorate of Agriculture,Meghalaya,Shillong, {Average rainfall of 5 yrs (2009-2013)} 1 1.3 Land use Geographical Cultivable Forest Land under Permanent Cultivable Land under Barren and Current Other pattern of the area area area non- pastures wasteland Misc.
    [Show full text]
  • Menon Et Al. 2019 US-ICOMOS Proceedings
    The United States National Committee of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (US/ICOMOS) is part of the worldwide ICOMOS network of people, institutions, government agencies, and private corporations who support the conservation of the world’s heritage. For over 50 years, US/ICOMOS has worked to deliver the best of international historic preservation and heritage conservation work to the U.S. domestic preservation dialogue, while sharing and interpreting for the world the unique American historic preservation system. Proceedings of the 2018 US/ICOMOS Symposium Forward Together: A Culture-Nature Journey Towards More Effective Conservation in a Changing World November 13-14, 2018 The Presidio San Francisco, California This symposium was convened to share insights on how understanding culture-nature interlinkages on many landscapes and waterscapes can shape more effective and sustainable conservation. Papers in the Proceedings are based on presentations at the symposium. The symposium Program and Proceedings are available at https://www.usicomos.org/symposium-2018/. Editors: Nora Mitchell, Archer St. Clair, Jessica Brown, Brenda Barrett, and Anabelle Rodríguez © The Authors. Published by US/ICOMOS, 2019. For additional information go to https://www.usicomos.org/. 2018 US/ICOMOS Symposium Forward Together: A Culture-Nature Journey Towards More Effective Conservation in a Changing World 13-14 November 2018, The Presidio, San Francisco, California ____________________________________________________________________ Healing the Broken Spine: A Community-led Conservation Initiative in Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India Vivek Menon, Sunil Kyarong,1Sandeep Kr Tiwari, Upasana Ganguly, Indu Kumari, Balsreng Sangma, Vibhor Choudhary Wildlife Trust of India, F-13 Sector 8, Noida – 201301, National Capital Region (NCR) U.P Abstract Garo Hills, part of the Meghalaya elephant landscape in India, includes the Garo Hills Elephant Reserve and five elephant corridors, supporting about 800-1000 elephants.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding and Mapping Shifting Cultivation Using the Case Study of West Garo Hills, India
    land Article Farms or Forests? Understanding and Mapping Shifting Cultivation Using the Case Study of West Garo Hills, India Amit John Kurien 1,2,* , Sharachchandra Lele 1 and Harini Nagendra 3 1 Centre for Environment and Development, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Jakkur P. O., Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India 2 Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India 3 School of Development, Azim Premji University, PES Institute of Technology Campus, Pixel Park, B Block, Electronics City, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560100, India * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +91-80-23635555 Received: 27 June 2019; Accepted: 27 August 2019; Published: 29 August 2019 Abstract: Attempts to study shifting cultivation landscapes are fundamentally impeded by the difficulty in mapping and distinguishing shifting cultivation, settled farms and forests. There are foundational challenges in defining shifting cultivation and its constituent land-covers and land-uses, conceptualizing a suitable mapping framework, and identifying consequent methodological specifications. Our objective is to present a rigorous methodological framework and mapping protocol, couple it with extensive fieldwork and use them to undertake a two-season Landsat image analysis to map the forest-agriculture frontier of West Garo Hills district, Meghalaya, in Northeast India. We achieve an overall accuracy of ~80% and find that shifting cultivation is the most extensive land-use, followed by tree plantations
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Divisions of India a Cartographic Anaysis, Vol-XXVIII
    CENSUS OF INDIA REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF I'NOIA -A CAR'TOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OCCASIONAL PAPERS SERIES - 1 VOLUME -XXVIII DELHI Planning & Supervision B.. K. ROY. M. A" Ph D. Deputy Registrar General (Map) General Direction & Editing VIJA Y S. VERMA of the Indian Administrative Service Registrar General & Census Commissioner, 2 - A, Mansingh Road, New Delhi Maps included in this volume are based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Surveyor General of India. The boundary of Meghalaya shown on the map of India is as interpreted from the North-eastern areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971, but has yet to be verified (applicable to India map only). The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line (applicable'lo.lndia map only). I Government of India Copyright 1988 ~ lift m<::a ~~-99ooo9 HOME MINISTER INDIA NEW DELHI-110001 Oct. 26, 1988 FOREWORD Experience has taught us that planning has to be related to the situation in the field in order to better respond to local aspirations and for better utilization of local resources. A lot of planning has, of necessity, to be for larger areas, encompassing an agglomeration of administrative units. Even such macro planning has, in order to be realistic, to be cognisant of the realities at the micro level. Correspondingly, such plans for bigger areas and involving larger outlays have also to be administered from a suitably high threshold of administrative authority and by a wide network of administrative hierarchy. Nevertheless, there is a whole corpus of activities which can be and are, in fact, better planned, conducted and financed at the lower or local levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Luminescence Dating of Neolithic Pottery in North East India
    RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 24. Gardelle, J., Berthier, E. and Arnaud, Y., Slight mass gain of Luminescence dating of Neolithic Karakorum glaciers in the early 21st century. Nature Geosci., 2012, 5, 322–325. pottery in North East India 25. Berthier, E., Schiefer, E., Clarke, G. K. C., Menounos, B. and Remy, F., Contribution of Alaskan glaciers to sea-level rise de- rived from satellite imagery. Nat. Geosci., 2010, 3, 92–95. Sukanya Sharma* and Pankaj Singh* 26. Gaddam, V. K., Kulkarni, A. V. and Gupta, A. K., Reconstruction Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, of Specific mass balance for glaciers in Western Himalaya using Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781 039, India seasonal sensitivity characteristic(s). J. Ear. Syst. Sci., 2017, 126(55); doi:10.1007/s12040-017-0839-6. 27. Gardelle, J., Berither, E., Arnaud, Y. and Kaab, A., Region-wide Imprecise chronological data have long been affecting glacier mass balances over the Pamir–Karakoram–Himalaya dur- archaeological studies in Assam and Meghalaya, ing 1999–2011. Cryosphere, 2013, 7, 1263–1286. North East India. Relative dating methods have been 28. Azam, M. F. et al., From balance to imbalance: a shift in the used to study the antiquity of stone tools and ceramics dynamic behaviour of Chhota Shigri glacier, western Himalaya, found in the archaeological sites of these two areas. India. J. Glaciol., 2012, 58(208), 315–324. Both the areas are important as the eastern Asiatic 29. Tawde, A. S., Kulkarni, A. V. and Bala, G., Estimation of glacier Neolithic complex of double-shouldered celts and mass balance on a basin scale: an approach based on satellite- cord-marked pottery was first reported in India from derived snowlines and a temperature index model.
    [Show full text]