Nulhegan Basin Division Habitat Management Plan

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Nulhegan Basin Division Habitat Management Plan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge Nulhegan Basin Division Habitat Management Plan Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Finding of No Significant Impact ................................................................................................................. 6 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1. Scope and Rationale .................................................................................................................... 10 1.2. Legal Mandates ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.3. Links to Other Plans .................................................................................................................... 11 Refuge Plans ..................................................................................................................... 11 Service’s Regional Plans and State Plans ......................................................................... 11 2. Background ......................................................................................................................................... 13 2.1. Refuge Location and General Description .................................................................................. 13 2.2. Geographical Setting ................................................................................................................... 16 2.3. Historical Perspective ................................................................................................................. 17 2.4. Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbances ................................................................................... 18 2.5. Refuge Resources: Current Condition ........................................................................................ 20 2.6. Climate Change ........................................................................................................................... 29 3. Priority Refuge Resources of Concern ................................................................................................ 33 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 33 3.2. Resources of Concern ................................................................................................................. 33 3.3. Biological Integrity, Diversity and Environmental Health ......................................................... 36 3.4. Process for Prioritizing Resources of Concern ........................................................................... 41 3.5. Priority Habitat Types and Associated Species .......................................................................... 46 Habitat Suitability Modeling............................................................................................. 47 3.6. Conflicting Habitat Needs ........................................................................................................... 56 3.7. Adaptive Management ................................................................................................................ 56 4. Habitat Goals, Objectives, and Strategies ........................................................................................... 57 4.1. Introduction and Definitions ....................................................................................................... 57 4.2. Goal 1 Forested Uplands and Wetlands ...................................................................................... 57 Objective 1.1. Conifer Swamps/Spruce-fir forests ........................................................... 57 Objective 2.1. Hardwood forests ...................................................................................... 66 Objective 3.1 Shrub Swamps and Floodplain Forest ........................................................ 72 4.3. Goal 2 Non-Forested Uplands and Wetlands .............................................................................. 74 Objective 2.1 Peatlands ..................................................................................................... 74 Objective 2.2 Biological Integrity, Biological Diversity, and Environmental Health ...... 75 4.4. Goal 3 Inland Aquatic Habitats ................................................................................................... 77 1 Objective 3.1 Open Water Habitat .................................................................................... 77 5. Management Strategies ....................................................................................................................... 80 5.1. Development of management strategies ..................................................................................... 80 Management zones ........................................................................................................... 80 Commercial vs. Non-commercial ..................................................................................... 84 Resources of concern ........................................................................................................ 85 Guiding documents ........................................................................................................... 85 5.2. Management Units ...................................................................................................................... 86 5.3. Management Strategies and Prescriptions by Habitat Objective ................................................ 88 Objective 1.1. Conifer Swamp/Spruce-fir forests ............................................................. 88 Objective 2.1. Hardwood forests ...................................................................................... 93 Objective 3.1 (Shrub Swamps and Floodplain Forest) ................................................... 100 Objective 2.1 (Peatlands) ................................................................................................ 102 Objective 2.2 (Biological Integrity, Biological Diversity, and Environmental Health) . 103 Objective 3.1 (Open Water Habitat) ............................................................................... 104 6. Implementation ................................................................................................................................. 106 6.1. Peanut Dam Unit ....................................................................................................................... 108 6.2. Yellow Branch Unit .................................................................................................................. 115 6.3. Mollie Beattie Unit ................................................................................................................... 121 6.4. North Branch Unit ..................................................................................................................... 126 6.5. Logger Branch Unit .................................................................................................................. 133 6.6. Black Branch Unit ..................................................................................................................... 139 6.7. Potash Range Unit ..................................................................................................................... 145 6.8. Lewis Pond Unit ....................................................................................................................... 150 6.9. Nulhegan River Unit ................................................................................................................. 158 6.10. Lewis Mountain Unit ............................................................................................................ 164 7. Prescription Guidelines ..................................................................................................................... 169 7.1. Forest Management ................................................................................................................... 169 Uneven-aged Management (Softwood Forest Types) .................................................... 169 Uneven-aged Management (Hardwood and Mixedwood Forest Types) ........................ 169 Even-aged Management (Woodcock Focus Area) ......................................................... 170 Within Stand Features (All forest Types) ....................................................................... 170 Roads and Landings (All forest types) ............................................................................ 171 7.2. Stream Restoration .................................................................................................................... 171 7.3. Management of Roosting Areas within Woodcock Management Units ................................... 171 7.4. Invasive Species Management .................................................................................................. 172 2 Prevention and Education and Awareness ...................................................................... 172 Early Detection/Rapid Response ...................................................................................
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