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Hollinger Corp. pHPH8.5 8.5 413 United States DepartmentDepartment ofof Agriculture,Agriculture,

9 U5 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 65.65. 19 py 1 Contribution from the Bureau of PlantPlant Industry,

Office ofof CongressionalCongressional SeedSeed Distribution,Distribution,

WM. A. TAYLOR, Chief.

DISTRIBUTION OF TULIP ANDAND NARCISSUS BULBS IN 1919.

DIRECTIONS FOR PLANTING.PLANTING.

The bulbs sent are of twotwo kinds—(1)kinds— (1) tulip andand (2)(2) narcissus.narcissus. (Figs. 11 and 2.)2.) These bulbs shouldshould bebe plantedplanted inin friable rich soil, devoid of rank and unrottedunrotted or poorlypoorly incorporatedincorporated manures.manures. It shouldshould bebe dugdug to a depth of 1212 to 15 inches.inches. TheThe tuliptulip bulbsbulbs shouldshould bebe setset 55 inchesinches

Fig.FIG. 1.—Bulb1. —Bulb of tulip. FIG.Fig. 2.2.—Bulb—Bulb of narcissus.narcissus.

apart andand 44 inchesinches deepdeep andand thethe narcissusnarcissus bulbsbulbs aboutabout 1010 inchesinches apart andand 55 inchesinches deep. TheThe tulipstulips shouldshould bebe plantedplanted somesome timetime during October,October, preferably aboutabout thethe middlemiddle ofof thethe month. TheThe narcissuses shouldshould bebe plantedplanted some time between thethe middle of Sep- tember and the last ofof October,October, preferably about the firstfirst ofof October.October. If theythey areare toto bebe growngrown inin potspots oror windowwindow boxes,boxes, light, richrich soilsoil should be used.used. PlacePlace 11 toto 22 inchesinches ofof cinderscinders or broken pots in the bottoms ofof thethe potspots oror boxesboxesto toinsure insuregood gooddrainage. drainage. After plant- ing, place thethe potspots oror boxesboxes outout ofof doorsdoors andand covercover themthem withwith aboutabout 4

inches ofof ashes oror sandsand;; or they maymay bebe placedplaced in aa darkdark coolcool roomroom or cellarcellar for aa fewfew weeks,weeks, until the bulbs have formed a quantity ofof roots. TheyThey may then be brought intointo thethe light andand heatheat forfor flowering. KeepKeep thethe soilsoil wellwell moistenedmoistened from time of planting, but avoid overmoistening,for for ifif kept too wetwet thethe bulbsbulbs willwill decay.decay. 133277-19133277—19 VIO=OZrapjzMo^osra&hi

el 2 TULIP ANDAND NARCISSUSNARCISSUS BULBSBULBS 1NIN 1919.1919.

CULTIVATION.

If plantedplanted inin beds,beds, thethe surfacesurface ofof thethe soilsoil shouldshould bebe loosenedloosened after each rainrain and the bed keptkept freefree fromfrom weeds.weeds. InIn the late fall oror early winter months it isis wellwell toto covercover the bedsbeds with a lightlight mulchmulch of strawstraw oror leavesleaves to prevent injury to thethe youngyoung roots from the al- ternate freezing andand thawing ofof the soil.soil. ThisThis mulchmulch shouldshould bebe gradually removed inin spring, asas soonsoon asas growthgrowth appearsappears aboveabove ground. TheThe bulbsbulbs areare quitequite hardyhardy andand areare notnot injuredinjured byby severesevere cold if thethe soilsoil is well drained.

LIFTING ANDAND DIVIDING.DIVIDING.

Tulip andand narcissusnarcissus plants are perennial, and if givengiven proper carecare and growngrown underunder suitablesuitable soilsoil andand climaticclimatic conditionsconditions willwill increaseincrease and multiply from yearyear toto year. TheThe bulbsbulbs maymay remainremain in thethe ground two or three years, oror untiluntil the clumps beginbeginto tocrowd. crowd. After blossomingblossoming in in thethe spring,spring, fromfrom sixsix toto eight weesweeks shouldshould elapseelapse to allow the foliage to die partially down,down, whenwhen the bulbsbulbs may be lifted with a spadespade or fork. ShakeShake thethe soilsoil fromfrom thethe rootsroots andand storestore thethe bulbs in a cool, shadyshady placeplace wherewherethey theywill willripen ripenand and cure.cure. WhenWhen the oldold leavesleaves and rootsroots areare thoroughlythoroughly dry theythey maymay bebe easilyeasily rubbed off and the clusters ofof bulbs divided.divided. TheThe bulbsbulbs maymay thenthen be planted in the same mannermanner asas thethe originaloriginalbulbs. bulbs. In thisthis wayway the stockstock may be increasedincreasedin in aa fewfew years.years. ItIt isis seldomseldom advisable,advisable, however, toto leave tulips undug.

NATURALIZING THE NARCISSUS.NARCISSUS.

The narcissusnarcissus often becomes naturalizednaturalized whenwhen plantedplanted in the sodsod or partial shade,shade, wherewhere itit willwill continuecontinue toto grow,grow, blossom,blossom, and multi- ply for manymany years without further attention. SimplySimply makemake aa smallsmall hole in thethe soilsoil 5 or 66 inchesinches deep, insert the bulb,bulb, pointed end up, press the soilsoil overoverthe thetop, top,and andnature naturewill willdo dothe therest. rest. For natural- izing, avoid planting'planting inin rows oror rigid geometrical figures.figures. AA goodgood plan is to scatter the bulbs likelike seedseedand andplant plantwhere wherethey theyfall. fall. This method of planting isis entensivelyentensively followedfollowed in the homehome grounds and parks of England and ofof countriescountriesin inEurope. Europe. InIn portionsportions ofof NorthNorth Carolina, on large estates alongalong thethe JamesJames River in Virginia, and in old gardens in New England, narcissuses thatthat were planted over half a centurycentury agoago are still growinggrowing vigorouslyvigorously and everyevery spring produceproduce beautiful displaysdisplays ofof blossoms.blossoms.

VARIETIES.

Several hundred varieties of both tulip and narcissusnarcissus are listed in the cataloguescatalogues of florists and seedsmen. NarcissusNarcissus is thethe botanicalbotanical name for thethe genusgenus of whichwhich thethe daffodildaffodil andand thethe jonquiljonquil areare species.species. The narcissusnarcissus with largelarge trumpetstrumpets andand flatflat leavesleaves isis commonlycommonly called the daffodil. JonquilsJonquils havehave glossy,glossy, dark-green,dark-green, veryvery narrow,narrow, three-cornered, oror rushlikerushlike leaves.leaves. MostMost of thethe intermediateintermediate formsforms are hybrids.hybrids. NewNew varietiesvarieties areare originatedoriginated byby growinggrowing bulbsbulbs fromfrom seed resulting from crossing oneonetype typewith with another.another. ThisThis isis aa slowslow process, asas severalseveral yearsyears areare required to produce a mature bulb from seed.

"vl 7 193:19331- Glut i~7IN OF DOCUMENTSDOCt,MMS h 041(Z) T1 TA 5 19 \ TULIP ANDAND NARCISSUSNARCISSUS BULBS IN 1919.1919. 3 DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES.VARIETIES. • " • -... TheThe followingfollowing HollandHolland bulbsbulbs areare includedincluded inin thethe congressionalcongressional dis-dis-

tributiontribution:: -Ntzr TULIPS. So many varietiesvarieties ofoftulips tulips (fig.(flg.3) 3) areare included in in thethe distributiondistribution thatthat it is not practicable toto give aa detailed description ofof each.each. TheThe varietiesvarieties are,are, how-how- ever, conveniently groupedgrouped intointo the following categories: (1) A mixture of varieties well adapted for bedding, and most of them for early forcing as well,well. (2) A mixture of varieties of singlesingle late tulips,tulips, includingincluding a fewfew varieties ofof Darwins. TheseThese areare con-con- sidered mainlymainly beddingbedding tulips. (3) A mixture ofof standard commercialcommercial va-va- rieties of DarwinDarwin tulips.tulips. Theseare arenearly nearly all large, robust plants, and many are adaptedadapted toto both beddingbedding and forc-forc- ing. ThisThis groupgroup ofof tulips is gaininggaining in favorfavor yearly in thisthis country.country. The Darwins as a classclass are thethe mostmost robustrobust ofof all thethe tulips,tulips, andand whenwhen properlytreated treated arcare really massivemassive in stem,stem, flower, and and leaf.leaf. TheyThey are especiallyespecially adaptedadapted for bedding,bedding, although ofof late yearsyears severalseveral of thethe varieties are beingbeing forcedforced with good results. Be-Be- ing veryvery vigorous,vigorous, theythey thrive underunder moremore ad-ad- verse conditionsconditions thanthan most of the otherother formsforms and areare seldomseldom dis-dis- appointing. ThereThere areare many varieties, and the colors rangerange from a veryvery dark maroonmaroon tthroug h rough various shades ofof yellow,yellow, red, and purplepurple toto white,white, but therethere isis almostalmost nono danger of clashes iuin mixtures of varieties as there isis inin otherother classesclasses of tulips. TheThe DarwinsDarwins Fig. 3. Blossom of tulip.tulip. are amongamong the latest ofof FIG. 3.—Blossom— the tulipstulips comingcoming intointo blossomusually usuallyin inearly earlyMay Mayin inthe thesouthern southernportion portionof ofthe theUnited UnitedStates. States. For growing in in thatthat part of thethe country,country, the Darwins are to be preferred to the early tulips.tulips. (4) A mixturemixture ofof bizarrebizarre varieties—thosevarieties—those peculiarpeculiar bronze-huedbronze-hued forms little seen in this country.country. NARCISSUSES.NAECISSUSES. BarriiBarrit Conspicitus.—ThisConspicuus.—This narcissus hashas a largelarge soft-yellowsoft-yellow perianthperianth and a short oror intermediateintermediate formform ofof cup,cup, edged with orange scarlet.scarlet. (Fig. 4,4, b.) Sir 1Vatkin.—ThisWatkin.—This giant WelshWelsh daffodildaffodil has aa bold,bold, largelarge chalicechalice cupcup flowerflower of sulphur andand orangeorange yellowyellow and where well grown stands fullyfully 1818 inches high. Vietoria.—ThisVictoria.—This is oneone of thethe bestbest ofof thethe bicolorbicolor trumpettrumpet varieties,varieties, havinghaving a large flower withwith white perianth andand largelarge yellowyellow flaringflaring trumpet.trumpet. Empress.Empress.—Another—Another bicolor trumpet,trumpet, anan old favorite standard variety,variety, withwith longer andand narrowernarrower trumpet and purer white perianth than thethe Victoria.Victoria. CONGRESS LIBRARYLIBRAE OF

4 TULIP ANDAND NARCISSUSNARCISSUS RULl*BULBS

Double Von Sion.—TheSion.—The common yellow daffodidaffodi \ 13q\\ :30000\ 124924 **£L™ and isis extensivelyextensively forcedforced for winterwinter decorationdecoration inir ^umry. It is of no value after thethe firstfirst yearyear exceptexcept inin thethe NorthNorth PaCificPacific andand AtlanticAtlantic coastcoast sec-sec- tions, and possiblypossibly in thethe GreatGreat LalcesLakes region.region. PrmcepsPrineeps Maximus.—AnotherMaximus.—Another long-trumpet, earlyearly variety whichwhich forcesforces well,well, but the flowerflower does notnot lastlast as well as the others,others. • WHERE DUTCHDUTCH BULBSBULBS AREARE GROWN.GROWN.

Tulips andand narcissuses,narcissuses, as well as hyacinths,hyacinths, areare knownknown generallygenerally as Dutch bulbs, because thethe growinggrowing andand marketing of these bulbs is one of the principal industries of the Netherlands. BulbsBulbs areare alsoalso grown extensively inin southernsouthern France,France, inin England,England, Ireland, and the island of Guernsey.Guernsey. MostMost ofof thethe bulbsbulbs soldsold byby floristsflorists andand seedsmenseedsmen in thethe UnitedUnited StatesStates areare importedimported directlydirectly fromfrom thethe Netherlands,Netherlands, the annualannual importationsimportations amounting toto nearly a millionmillion dollarsdollars inin value. TulipsTulips andand narcissusesnarcissuses cancan bebe propagatedpropagated andand growngrown success-success- fully alongalong the AtlanticAtlantic andand PacificPacific coasts and in the regionregion of the Great Lakes, but owingowing to the costcost ofof laborlabor onlyonly comparativelycomparatively lim-lim- ited areas have been planted.planted. TheThe largestlargest areasareas devoteddevoted toto thethe grow-grow- 11111MIUM

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Fig. 4.—Blooms4.—Blooms of ofEmperor Emperor(a), (a), Barrii Conspicuus (b), and PoeticusPoeticus OrnatusOrnatus (c), repre- senting the threethree principalprincipal typestypes ofof narcissus,narcissus, withwith large,large, medium,medium, andand smallsmall crowns,crowns, or trumpets,trumpets. ing ofof thesethese bulbsbulbs on aa commercialcommercial scalescale inin thisthis country are to bebe found in thisthis vicinityvicinity ofof PortsmouthPortsmouth andand Richmond,Richmond, Va.,Va., Hoxsie,Hoxsie, R.E. I., Newbern,Newbern, N. C.,C, Bellingham, Wash., Eureka,Eureka, Cal., and Santa Cruz, Cal. In orderorder toto encourageencourage the growing of Dutch bulbs in this countrycountry on aa commercialcommercial scale andand toto provideprovide American-grownAmerican-grown bulbsbulbs ofof superior quality forfor congressionalcongressional distribution, the DepartmentDepartment ofof Agriculture established a bulb-propagating garden near Bellingham,Bellingham, Wash.,Wash., where thethe conditions ofof soil and climate are similar to thosethose in the Netherlands.Netherlands. TheThe experimentalexperimental workwork carriedcarried onon atat Belling-Belling- lia'mham inin connectionconnection with thethe propagation,propagation, cultivation,cultivation, harvesting,harvesting, storing, and plantingplanting ofof thesethese bulbsbulbs hashas beenbeen veryvery satisfactory.satisfactory. R. A.A. OAKLEY,Oakley, Agronomist inin Charge.Charge. JULYJuly 31,31, 1919.

WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTINGPRINTING OFFICE : 19191919