Bulb Dormancy in Vitro—Fritillaria Meleagris: Initiation, Release and Physiological Parameters
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Roozengaarde's Bulb Planting Guide
15867 Beaver Marsh Road Mount Vernon, WA 98273 Frequently 360-424-8531 or 866-4TULIPS Asked www.Tulips.com / [email protected] Questions WILL BULBS GROW ANYWHERE? Yes, bulbs will grow in many different climates. Warmer climates are more challenging and may require pre-cooling each fall prior to plant- ing. The year we ship your bulbs, we do any necessary pre-cooling here on our farm prior to shipment—your bulbs will be ready to plant when you receive them! DO BULBS NEED TO BE WATERED? Yes, if Mother Nature does not take care of it for you, then water during dry spells. Be sure not to oversoak the planting area. Water just enough so that it absorbs quickly. Water after planting, during growth, and even after topping if the soil is dry. WHAT IS THE BEST TYPE OF SOIL AND FERTILIZER? Soil needs to provide adequate drainage and oxygen for the bulbs. We recommend using a slow release fertilizer specifically designed for flower bulbs - usually a N - P - K formula. DO BULBS NEED TO BE DUG IN THE SUMMER? We recommend digging tulip bulbs each year after the foliage has died down naturally. They are more prone to disease and rot if left in the ground through the summer months. Other bulbs like daffodils can typically be dug on a 3-5 year schedule. If you experience diminished results in the spring, you should dig your bulbs that summer. WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO STORE MY BULBS IF I DIG THEM? After digging, make sure to dry bulbs thoroughly. -
Survey for Special-Status Vascular Plant Species
SURVEY FOR SPECIAL-STATUS VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES For the proposed Eagle Canyon Fish Passage Project Tehama and Shasta Counties, California Prepared for: Tehama Environmental Solutions 910 Main Street, Suite D Red Bluff, California 96080 Prepared by: Dittes & Guardino Consulting P.O. Box 6 Los Molinos, California 96055 (530) 384-1774 [email protected] Eagle Canyon Fish Passage Improvement Project - Botany Report Sept. 12, 2018 Prepared by: Dittes & Guardino Consulting 1 SURVEY FOR SPECIAL-STATUS VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES Eagle Canyon Fish Passage Project Shasta & Tehama Counties, California T30N, R1W, SE 1/4 Sec. 25, SE1/4 Sec. 24, NE ¼ Sec. 36 of the Shingletown 7.5’ USGS Topographic Quadrangle TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 4 II. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 III. Project Description ............................................................................................................................................... 4 IV. Location .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 V. Methods .................................................................................................................................................................. -
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus. -
Karyological Studies of Fritillaria (Liliaceae) Species from Iran
© 2016 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 81(2): 133–141 Karyological Studies of Fritillaria (Liliaceae) Species from Iran Marzieh Ahmadi-Roshan1, Ghasem Karimzadeh1*, Alireza Babaei2 and Hadi Jafari2 1 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P. O. Box 14115–336, Iran 2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Received September 26, 2015; accepted March 14, 2016 Summary Five species (13 ecotypes) belonging to three subgenera of ornamental-medicinal Iranian Fritillaria were karyotypically studied, using a standard squash technique. All species were diploid (2n=2x=24) having mean chromosome lengths of 15.8 µm (15.2–16.7 µm). Their satellites varied in number (1–3 pairs) and in size (1.2–2.6 µm), mostly being located on long arms. Four chromosome types (“m”, “sm”, “st”, “T”) formed 10 dif- ferent karyotype formulas: “T” type chromosome is reported for the first time in most species (with the exception of S4, Fritillaria. reuteri Boissi). ANOVA confirmed significant intra- and inter-specific chromosomal variation across the Iranian Fritillaria species. Twelve different methods were used to assess the degree of karyotype asymmetry. Among those, one qualitative parameter (Stebbins classification) and eight quantitative (CVTL, DI, A1 & A2, AI, A, AsK%, MCA, CVCI) parameters verified that S2 (F. gibbosa Boiss.) and S5 (F. zagrica Stapf.) species represented the most asymmetrical and symmetrical karyotypes, respectively. Key words Fritillaria, Cytogenetics, New chromosome type, Karyotype, Iran. The name Fritillaria is likely based on the word “fri- Fritillaria subgenus is morphologically classified into six tullus” which means a cup in Latin (Ulug et al. -
Analysis of the Giant Genomes of Fritillaria (Liliaceae) Indicates That a Lack of DNA Removal Characterizes Extreme Expansions in Genome Size
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Queen Mary Research Online Analysis of the giant genomes of Fritillaria (Liliaceae) indicates that a lack of DNA removal characterizes extreme expansions in genome size. Kelly, LJ; Renny-Byfield, S; Pellicer, J; Macas, J; Novák, P; Neumann, P; Lysak, MA; Day, PD; Berger, M; Fay, MF; Nichols, RA; Leitch, AR; Leitch, IJ © 2015 The Authors. CC-BY For additional information about this publication click this link. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/8496 Information about this research object was correct at the time of download; we occasionally make corrections to records, please therefore check the published record when citing. For more information contact [email protected] Research Analysis of the giant genomes of Fritillaria (Liliaceae) indicates that a lack of DNA removal characterizes extreme expansions in genome size Laura J. Kelly1,2, Simon Renny-Byfield1,3, Jaume Pellicer2,Jirı Macas4, Petr Novak4, Pavel Neumann4, Martin A. Lysak5, Peter D. Day1,2, Madeleine Berger2,6,7, Michael F. Fay2, Richard A. Nichols1, Andrew R. Leitch1 and Ilia J. Leitch2 1School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK; 2Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK; 3 4 Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; 5Plant Cytogenomics Research Group, CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic; 6School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; 7Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK Summary Authors for correspondence: Plants exhibit an extraordinary range of genome sizes, varying by > 2000-fold between the Laura J. -
Fall 2013 NARGS
Rock Garden uar terly � Fall 2013 NARGS to ADVERtISE IN thE QuARtERly CoNtACt [email protected] Let me know what yo think A recent issue of a chapter newsletter had an item entitled “News from NARGS”. There were comments on various issues related to the new NARGS website, not all complimentary, and then it turned to the Quarterly online and raised some points about which I would be very pleased to have your views. “The good news is that all the Quarterlies are online and can easily be dowloaded. The older issues are easy to read except for some rather pale type but this may be the result of scanning. There is amazing information in these older issues. The last three years of the Quarterly are also online but you must be a member to read them. These last issues are on Allen Press’s BrightCopy and I find them harder to read than a pdf file. Also the last issue of the Quarterly has 60 extra pages only available online. Personally I find this objectionable as I prefer all my content in a printed bulletin.” This raises two points: Readability of BrightCopy issues versus PDF issues Do you find the BrightCopy issues as good as the PDF issues? Inclusion of extra material in online editions only. Do you object to having extra material in the online edition which can not be included in the printed edition? Please take a moment to email me with your views Malcolm McGregor <[email protected]> CONTRIBUTORS All illustrations are by the authors of articles unless otherwise stated. -
Thermonastic TROPISM
THERMOnastic TROPISM Eleni Katrini | Ruchie Kothari | Mugdha Mokashi Bio_Logic Lab School of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon University ABSTRACT Motivation: To develop dynamic elements which respond to changes in temperature Approach: The thermonastic movements of the Tulip flower were looked at for inspiration to develop conceptual systems based on movement and heat. The tulip flower opens and closes its petals based on the external temperature. The petals open up when the temperature is high and close when the temperature is low. This movement of the petals is facilitated by movement of water through the plant. Experiments were conducted using paper which is a fibrous material exhibiting properties similar to that of a flower petal. Water at different temperatures was studied as a conducting medium. Findings: Based on analysis, different forms of flowers were created. This includes flowers with varying surface areas, flowers made using composite materials, laminated and chiseled flowers, flowers with varying edge exposure etc. The study was focused on exploring the effects of capillary action on fibrous materials. The observations were focused on- - Range of movement of petals - Duration for capillary action - Effect of hot and cold temperature It was seen that the range of movement was the same for most of the prototypes. All the flowers other than the flowers for which the range of movement was restricted opened up to 180o. The time taken for the water to rise depended on the density and the surface area of the paper in contact with the water. Increase in density of the paper in contact with water, increases the time taken for the water to rise up. -
Tyler Schmidt, Plant Science Major, Department of Horticultural Science
Interspecific Breeding for Warm-Winter Tolerance in Tulipa gesneriana L. Tyler Schmidt, Plant Science Major, Department oF Horticultural Science 19 December 2015 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Focus on breeding of Tulipa gesneriana has largely concentrated on appearance. Through interspecific breeding with more warm-tolerant species, tolerance of warm winters could be introduced into the species, decreasing dormancy requirements and expanding the range of tulips southward. Additionally, long-lasting foliage can be favored in breeding to allow plants to store more energy for daughter bulbs. Continued virus and fungal resistance breeding will decrease infection. Primary benefits are for gardeners and landscapers who, under the current planting schedule, are planting tulip bulbs annually, wasting money. Producers benefit from this by reducing cooling times, saving energy, greenhouse space, and tulip bulbs lost to diseases in coolers. UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA AQUAPONICS: REPORT TITLE 1 I. INTRODUCTION A. Study species Tulips (Tulip gesneriana L.) are one of the most historically significant and well-known horticultural crops in the world. Since entering Europe via Constantinople in the mid-sixteenth century, the Dutch tulip market became one of the first “economic bubbles” of modern civilization, creating and destroying fortunes in four brief years (Lesnaw and Ghabrial, 2000). Since this time, tulips have remained extremely popular as more improved cultivars are released. However, a problem remains: even though viral resistance and long-lasting cultivars are introduced, few are capable of surviving in a climate with truly mild winters and only select cultivars are able to store enough energy for another year of flowering, even in climates with colder winters. Current planting schemes suggest planting annually, wasting tulip bulbs (Dickey, 1954). -
Environmental and Anthropogenic Pressures on Geophytes of Iran and the Possible Protection Strategies: a Review
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology Vol. 2, No. 2; December 2015, pp 111-132 Environmental and Anthropogenic Pressures on Geophytes of Iran and the Possible Protection Strategies: A Review Homayoun Farahmand1* and Farzad Nazari2 1. Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. 2. Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. )Received: 12 August 2015, Accepted: 3 October 2015( Abstract Ornamental geophytes (ornamental flower bulbs) are international and national heritage considering their contribution to people's life quality around the world. Iranian habitats support about 8000 species of flowering plants (belonging to 167 families and 100 genera) of which almost 1700 are endemic. Iran is a rich country in terms of distribution of bulbous plants. More than 200 species of bulbous species from different plant families naturally grow in Iran and play an important role in the colorful display of flowers in the plains, mountains, and forests. Unfortunately, some flower bulbs are at the risk of eradication in Iran due to some factors, including inappropriate herboviry and overgrazing, land use change, illegal bulb and flower harvesting, road construction, mining activities, drought, etc. The establishment of protected areas, efficient propagation methods such as micropropagation, gathering the species at the risk of extinction in Botanical Gardens and Research Centers, highlighting the decisive role of Non- governmental organizations (NGOs), and improving tourism are some approaches suggested for better conservation. Meanwhile, under the current situation, national and international protecting rules and regulations should be assigned and fulfilled to save this invaluable natural heritage. -
Rock Garden Quarterly
ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 SPRING 1997 COVER: Tulipa vvedevenskyi by Dick Van Reyper All Material Copyright © 1997 North American Rock Garden Society Printed by AgPress, 1531 Yuma Street, Manhattan, Kansas 66502 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ROCK GARDEN SOCIETY VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 SPRING 1997 FEATURES Life with Bulbs in an Oregon Garden, by Molly Grothaus 83 Nuts about Bulbs in a Minor Way, by Andrew Osyany 87 Some Spring Crocuses, by John Grimshaw 93 Arisaema bockii: An Attenuata Mystery, by Guy Gusman 101 Arisaemas in the 1990s: An Update on a Modern Fashion, by Jim McClements 105 Spider Lilies, Hardy Native Amaryllids, by Don Hackenberry 109 Specialty Bulbs in the Holland Industry, by Brent and Becky Heath 117 From California to a Holland Bulb Grower, by W.H. de Goede 120 Kniphofia Notes, by Panayoti Kelaidis 123 The Useful Bulb Frame, by Jane McGary 131 Trillium Tricks: How to Germinate a Recalcitrant Seed, by John F. Gyer 137 DEPARTMENTS Seed Exchange 146 Book Reviews 148 82 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOL. 55(2) LIFE WITH BULBS IN AN OREGON GARDEN by Molly Grothaus Our garden is on the slope of an and a recording thermometer, I began extinct volcano, with an unobstructed, to discover how large the variation in full frontal view of Mt. Hood. We see warmth and light can be in an acre the side of Mt. Hood facing Portland, and a half of garden. with its top-to-bottom 'H' of south tilt• These investigations led to an inter• ed ridges. -
SRGC BULB LOG DIARY---Pictures and Text © Ian Young
SRGC ----- Bulb Log Diary ----- Pictures and text © Ian Young BULB LOG 18……………………………….6th May 2009 Tulips and Ipheion I am very pleased with the way that the tulips are looking in the narrow bed at the base of a south facing wall. They seem to be settling in so well that I think I will plant more outside this summer. I have a number of pots of tulips in the Frit house, (see bulb log 16) where they are also growing well but the stems are at least twice the height of those outside. I think the plan will be to plant most of them out and just keep a bulb or two under glass as an insurance against outside losses. Narcissus abscissus Narcissus nevadensis Also growing well outside are these two Narcissus raised from SRGC seed many years ago and I think I have the correct names for them. Both are very elegant trumpet daffodils. As they do not seem to be dividing at any rate I am hoping for a good seed set to help me increase my stock. Erythronium and Pond Sadly the peak flowering of the Erythroniums is over for another year but there are still a number of late flowering forms and species with flowers on. Looking across the bed at the top of the garden where I have been letting the Erythroniums naturalise under the larger Rhododendrons I am hopeful of a better seed set than I had last year when the weather at flowering time was terrible resulting in virtually no seeds. It has not been that good every day this year but at least the temperature was moderately better and I am watching carefully for signs of the seed pods turning upright and fattening. -
Bot-32-5-5-0702-7:Mizanpaj 1
Turk J Bot 32 (2008) 367-380 © TÜBİTAK Research Article The Geophytic Flora of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey İsmail EKER1,*, Mehmet KOYUNCU2, Hasan AKAN3 1Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, 14280 Gölköy, Bolu - TURKEY 2Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, 06100 Tandoğan, Ankara - TURKEY 3Harran University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, 63200 Osmanbey, Şanlıurfa - TURKEY Received: 08.02.2007 Accepted: 17.07.2008 Abstract: This study was carried out between 2001 and 2004 to determine the geophytic flora of Şanlıurfa, located within C6, C7, and C8 of the grid system in Turkey. In all, 789 plant specimens that consisted of 104 taxa belonging to 13 families and 30 genera were gathered from the investigation area. Of all the collected specimens, 19 taxa were new records for C6, C7, and C8, and 11 taxa were endemic to Turkey. Scilla mesopotamica Speta, which was first collected from Şanlıurfa-Halfeti in 1888 by Sintenis and was considered a missing species, was rediscovered after 116 years during this study. Colchicum crocifolium Boiss. was also determined as a new record for Turkey. According to floristic regions, Irano-Turanian elements ranked first among the specimens, accounting for 47.12%, followed by Mediterranean elements (25.00%) and Euro-Siberian elements (0.96%). Some of the identified species (26.92%) were widespread and of unknown phytogeographic origin. In addition, 86.54% of the collected taxa were determined to be monocotyledons and the remaining (13.46%) were dicotyledons. The families with the most taxa in the research area were Liliaceae (59) and Iridaceae (14).