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LAUREATES OF KING FAISAL PRIZE

2018

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques

King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud

Patron of the King Faisal Foundation Contents Introduction: Khalid al-Faisal 6 Chairman, King Faisal Prize Board

King Faisal Prize Abdulaziz Alsebail 8 Secretary General

Countries And Winners 1979-2018 (1399-1439) 10

Service to Professor Irwandi Jaswir 12

Islamic Studies Professor Bashar Awad 16

Arabic Language and Literature 20 Professor Chokri Mabkhout

Medicine Professor James P. Allison 24

Scienc Professor Sir John M. Ball 28 Khalid Al-Faisal

Chairman of KFIP Board

8 INTRODUCTION

King Faisal Prize (KFP) was initiated by the King Faisal Foundation (KFF) inspired by its humanitarian objectives and its commitment to preserve the true Islamic values which King Faisal, may Allah have mercy upon him, stood for. These values and principles, held dearly by the late King Faisal, are firmly enshrined in the statute of the Prize. KFF established the KFP as a lofty expression and reflection of late King Faisal›s untiring support for endeavors slated to alleviate human suffering through the advancement of research and creative human thinking. These are core values which the late King Faisal passionately upheld, besides his respect for , empathy with scholars, and his recognition of their contributions to the advancement of nations. He strongly believed that progress of his nation and his countrymen cannot be achieved without a resolute acquisition of knowledge that is commensurate with the values and teachings of Islam, as well as an in-depth understanding of human history and a genuine appreciation of the foundations in which the Islamic civilization is grounded, along with the conducive factors that helped this civilization blossom and thrive, and positively contribute to universal human civilization. KFP is driven by objectives animated by this thorough human perception, emanating from the cradle of the Islamic message, a land to which the hearts of throughout the world are attached, a land founded on the principles of this message and ruled by its values. These features endow the Prize with a distinct prestige among peer prizes that seek to motivate scientists and thinkers and encourage them to pursue further scientific and intellectual accomplishments that benefit humanity and help foster a better and brighter civilization. This year, we celebrate the 40th anniversary of KFP as it firmly wades its way towards its prestigious position among leading international prizes. The Prize takes special pride in being widely recognized for being impartial and independent of all political, sectarian, racial and religious considerations. We pray to the Almighty Allah to preserve our country’s security and stability. May this country continue its noble mission under the leadership of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz, Supreme President of King Faisal Philanthropic Foundation. May Allah guide us all to that which benefits Islam and Muslims and contributes to the advancement and progress of mankind.

May Allah make our aspirations come true!

Khalid Al-Faisal

9 Dr. Abdulaziz Alsebail

Secretary General

10 KING FAISAL PRIZE The establishment of King Faisal Prize asserts the belief, held by King Faisal’s sons, that knowledge is the gateway towards wider horizons in all fields that benefit mankind. The Prize reaffirms the message that King Faisal Foundation carries to the World, a message based on the promulgation of virtue and hope, recognition of scholarship and participation in all that serves human aspirations in development and progress. The Prize was incepted more than forty years ago in honor and commemoration of a great monarch who dedicated his life to serving his and Islamic Nation, while extending a welcoming arm to the entire world. It comes as a continuation of the message he had embraced throughout his life – May Allah have Mercy upon him. Forty years have passed since the first of the Prize’s five categories was awarded. It is with utmost thanks to Allah that the Prize has been far reaching in fulfilling its objectives, the most important of which being service to Islam and Muslims, benefiting Muslims at present and in the future, leading them towards participation in modern civilization, re-enforcing Islamic values and projecting them to the world, contributing to human progress and enrichment of human thought in various intellectual and scientific fields, without racial, sexual, religious or cultural distinction . Since its inception, the Prize, in its different categories, has been awarded to two hundred and fifty eight laureates from forty three nations, including six philanthropic and scholastic institutions. The Prize for Service to Islam was awarded to the most prominent Islamic personalities and institutions whose tremendous contributions have greatly impacted Muslims throughout the World. The Prize for drew attention to vital issues that deeply influenced Muslim societies, and recognized scholars who have made new and significant contributions to those issues. The Prize for Arabic Language and Literature recognized a number of Arab intellectuals who dedicated much of their life serving the Arabic language and its arts, projecting their efforts and rewarding them with some of what they deserve. The Prize for celebrated scholars in the medical field and other fields related to human health and medicine, by recognizing their distinguished contributions towards the wellbeing of mankind. The Prize, which rotates annually between , , and , has also honored scientists who have made ground- breaking discoveries and innovations that benefited humanity in these respective fields. Probably as an evidence of the international standing of King Faisal Prize in recognizing gifted scientists and researchers is that a number of its laureates have been subsequently awarded other prestigious international prizes, including Nobel Prize and other major awards. While forty two years have passed since its inception, the Prize Board and General Secretariat continue their strife to advance the Prize’ s mission and view the future with optimism and confidence. We are now entering a new stage, with even more determination to serve the objectives of the Prize and sustain its success and role as a source of benevolence and happiness for all workers in philanthropic fields, thanks to scholars and international scientific institutions for their confidence in the Prize’s integrity and to the continuous support of the Board of Directors and the Secretariat General of the King Faisal Foundation and the King Faisal Prize Board. On this occasion, the Prize’s General Secretariat would like to express its deep indebtedness to all scholars, researchers, Islamic organizations and scientific institutions throughout the world for their support, advice, fruitful cooperation and distinguished nominations. We look forward to their continuous support and cooperation. Heartfelt congratulations to the laureates whose biographies and accomplishments are detailed in this booklet. Allah is the Arbiter of All Success and Support

Dr. Abdulaziz Alsebail

11 COUNTRIES AND LAUREATES

1979-2018 (1399-1439)

12 ARABIC LANGUAGE ISLAMIC SERVICE TO ISLAM MEDICINE SCIENCE AND LITERATURE STUDIES

UAE 2

KUWAIT 2

KUWAIT 1 1 1

BANGLADESH 1 2 1

QATAR 1 14 2 SWITZERLAND 3

SAUDI ARABIA 3 SAUDI ARABIA 8 5 5 CANADA 3

EGYPT 22 EGYPT 7 1 3 JAPAN 2

SUDAN 1 SUDAN 2 1 3 GERMANY 6

LEBANON 2 GERMANY 1 1 FRANCE 4 FRANCE 1

TUNISIA 2 FRANCE 1 1 USA 26 USA 23

USA 1 TURKEY 2 1 UK 12 UK 12

UK 1 UK 1 2 5 INDIA 1

ALGERIA 1 INDIA 2 2 2 AUSTRALIA 1

IRAQ 3 4 1 CHINA 1 1 TATARSTAN- 6 MOROCCO 2 1 THE 2 2 RUSSIA

SYRIA 3 2 1 1

JORDAN 4 1 PALESTINE 1 THE NETHERLANDS 1

PALESTINE 1 LEBANON 1 BOSNIA 1

MALAYSIA 3

INDONESIA 1

TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL

LAUREATES COUNTRIES LAUREATES COUNTRIES LAUREATES COUNTRIES LAUREATES COUNTRIES LAUREATES COUNTRIES

50 13 38 16 46 21 67 13 57 13

TOTAL LAUREATES 258 TOTAL COUNTRIES 43

13 Professor Irwandi Jaswir

King Faisal Prize in Service to Islam laureate 2018 14 Professor Irwandi Jaswir was born in Medan, North Sumatra, , in 1970. He read Food Technology and Human Nutrition at Bogor Agriculture (IPB), Indonesia, and received his bachelor degree in 1993. He furthered his studies at Masters and PhD level at Universiti Putra and was conferred a Master of Science in Food Science and Biotechnology in 1996 and a Ph. D in Food Chemistry and in 2000 respectively. In the year 1998 to 1999, Universiti Putra Malaysia has given him the opportunity to participate in the Ph.D exchange program at the Department of Food, Nutrition and Health of the University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada. He continued his pursuit of knowledge at a Diploma in Islamic Revealed Knowledge at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) in 2003. The pinnacle of Professor Jaswir’s quest of achieving academic excellence was his postdoctoral fellowship in Lipid Biochemistry at the National Food Research Institute in Tsukuba, Japan, 2008-2006. With his present appointment as the Deputy Dean for Academic, Research, and Publication at INHART at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Professor Jaswir was appointed various administrative and academic positions, including, Deputy Dean of student affairs at the Faculty of Science in IIUM, 2006-2005, Deputy Dean of Research Initiatives at the Research Management Center at IIUM 2014-2011, Director of the International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART) in IIUM 2016 – 2014, Secretary of IIUM Council of Professors -2014present, Senior Professor of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry at IIUM -2015present, and Chairman of the Korea-INHART Halal Certification Authority in Korea- 2016present. Professor Irwandi Jaswir’s contributions to the Islamic World has uniquely carved an edge in the development of scientific knowledge by establishing and developing a new discipline termed “Halal Science”. This cutting edge research reveals a significant relationship between Halal and Haram in Islamic jurisprudences and science. Through this new discipline, he is in a position to incorporate Halal Science as a tool to complement the opinions held by scholars. This is a step forward to the that will assist many Islamic scholars in resolving several issues related to the permissibility (Halal) and prohibition (Haram) through the introduction of Halal Science. Furthermore, as an accomplished academician and researcher, his scientific research works are documented and encapsulated in his numerous published works in several scientific journals, books and conference proceedings. Professor Jaswir’s introduction of Halal Science as the new discipline in the scientific research comes in a form of a uniquely strong scientific foundation. This is revealed through the scientific research on the development of methods

15 for analysis and detection of none halal substances in foods and beverages. His conviction that by employing a novel technique such as the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has shed some lights on the strong scientific foundation of the Halal Science discipline. It has also strengthened its importance and relevance to the emerging halal industry. Most importantly, his notable scientific work with other scientists on the development of two pressing issues in Islam has shed lights in the potential of Halal Science to capture the interest of the mainstream science. The instrument called the “Portable Electronic Nose” which detects within seconds the presence of alcohol in food and beverages and the detection of Lard (porcine derived fat) are fundamental in resolving issues of consuming Halal or Haram products. In a similar vein, his dedication towards the Halal Science is shown in his continuous research on alternatives to Haram substance that goes into the production of today’s Muslim consumer products. Thus through his passionate display of his talent in Halal Science, he has developed practical methods of producing them by introducing a Halal gelatin from various Halal (non-porcine) sources such as camel and fish. All this latest progress in the Halal Science will culminate in his valuable contributions to the development of manufacturing standards that can be employed in the rapidly growing industry of Halal products which will be supported by a suitable form of training for all level of professions. Professor Jaswir dedication to the scientific research is shown in the publication of over120 articles in scientific journals, 30 Book Chapters, completed over 30 research projects and presented more than 250 papers in International Conferences. His published scientific works has captured a total of 711 Scopus citations and an H-index of 16. He is a member of the Editorial Board of many reputable scientific journals and has participated in various conferences and exhibitions in his field as well as supervised numerous graduate students. His research works are protected by patenting5 of his work under his name. Professor Jaswir’s achievement and dedication in the scientific research of Halal Science culminated with receiving 60 international awards and honors.

16 Speech by Professor Irwandi Jaswir

Laureate 2018 King Faisal Prize Service to Islam 40th Award Ceremony 2018 March 26 Monday

Alhamdulillah...All praise and gratitude belong to Allah. Not only has He given us life, He has made life beautiful for us. In this auspicious occasion, I am greatly humbled and honoured to be receiving this award. I would like to offer my sincerest gratitude to His , the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as well as the King Faisal Foundation for this honour. My journey in this new scientific knowledge spans two decades of dedication and passion in the exploration, experimentation and discoveries of this unique branch of scientific knowledge known as “Halal Science”. I have this strong conviction that I can contribute more to overcome issues that are close to the Muslims’ heart – the permissibility and prohibition of consuming products that are available in the market. I have intensified my effort by publishing my research works in journals, books and chapters in books; offers training in halal-related disciplines; involves in education and contributing to community services. I have conducted a series of programs to emphasise on the availability of halal materials as alternatives to non-halal materials and ingredients; introducing halal authentications; developing rapid method for non-halal contaminantion; accentuating the importance of halal food and cosmetics and initiating an international halal standards. With the exponential growth in the market for halal industry forecasted at USD 3.1 trillion annually, “Halal Science” is a vital component in strengthening the halal industry. To my fellow Muslim scientists and scholars, we are reminded to shoulder an enormous responsibility. The Qur`an, the Sunnah and are full of scientific concepts that had inspired Muslims scholars in the past with the intention of contributing to humanity and civilization. Last but not least, I would like to take this opportunity to thank my parents, my late Father and my Mother, my wife and children, my brothers and sisters; my colleagues and students, my university where I am working now International Islamic University Malaysia, and the Governments both Indonesia and Malaysia, for their continous support and encouragement. May Allah Subhanahu wataala reward each of us. Thank you.

17 Professor Bashar Awad King Faisal Prize in Islamic Studies laureate 2018

18 Bashar Awad Marouf was born in 1940 in Alazamiyah, northern Bagdad. He graduated from primary and secondary schools in 1960. He enrolled in the Department of History at the College of Arts at Baghdad University from which he graduated in 1964. In that same year, he enrolled in the Master›s Program of History and Archeology at Baghdad University; he chose to study Hafiz Zakiuddin Al-Mundhiri›s book «Al-Takmila li-wafayāt al-naqala» (A Study & Verification). Professor Marouf was appointed in1967 as teacher at the College of Shari›ah Studies at Baghdad University. He later earned his PhD from the College of Arts at the same university in 1976. His doctoral thesis was titled «Ad-Dahabi›s Approach in ‹›». Professor Marouf worked at Baghdad University and advanced through academic work, eventually earning professorship in 1981. He has been keenly interested in studying and minutely scrutinizing the Prophet›s Hadiths. He has been particularly devoted to studying biographies, narrators, and the ‹hidden defects› of some Hadiths. He taught as Professor of in a number of . He also established and assumed the chancellorship of Saddam University of Humanities. Professor Marouf authored a number of books and conducted the verification of many manuscripts on the history of Arab and Islamic thought, the history and biographies of Hadith narrators and the Sunnah as well as the exegesis of the . Many of his studies have been published in Baghdad, Cairo, Damascus, Beirut, Amman, Tunis, and London. Notable among his publications are «The Impact of Hadith on the Emergence of Muslim History», «Al- Mundhiri›s and His ‹Al-Takmila›», «Baghdad›s Biographical Histories», «Ad-Dahabi›s Approach in ‹History of Islam›», «A Journey through Thought and Heritage», «Text Verification & Commentary», «History of Iraq», «The History of Islam and the Concept of the Arab Leadership of the Islamic Ummah (community)», «Explanation of the Ruling on Chanting the Quran», «A Selection of the Prophet›s Hadiths», «Editing of the Approximation of Decency» (4 Volumes), «The whole Musnad (collection of Hadith)» (22 volumes), and «Classified and Verified Musnad» (41 volumes). Among the many books Professor Marouf verified are «Al-Wafayāt» by Abu Masoud Al-Hajji, «Ahlu Al-Mi›a and Upwards» by Al-Hafiz Ad-Dahabi, «Postscript to the History of Baghdad, City of Peace», by Ibn Al-Dabaythi (5 volumes), «Refining Perfection of Men›s Names» by Hafiz Al-Mazi35 ( volumes), «Biographies of Eminent Noblemen», by Al-Hafiz Ad-Dahabi» out of which he verified six volumes, namely «Knowing the Great Readers by Classes and Ages», by Al-Hafiz Ad-Dahabi, «Al-Muwatta (collection of Hadith)» by Imam Malik bin Anas, « The Grand Mosque» by Imam Abu Issa Al-Tirmidhi in six volumes, «Sunan Ibn Majah» by Imam ibn Yazid Al-Qazwini in six volumes, «The History of the City of Peace» by Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi in seventeen volumes, «The History of Islam and the Deaths of Celebrities and the Famous» by Al-Hafiz Shams Addeen Ad-Sahabi in seventeen volumes, «The Masterpiece of The Descendants of the Prophet» by Al-Mazi in thirteen volumes, «The Weak» by Al-Aqili in five volumes, «The Andalusian Biography Series» in twenty volumes, «Prelude to the Meanings and References Included in the Muwatta» by Ibn Abd Al-Barr in seventeen volumes, and many other publications.

19 Speech by Professor Bashar Awad

Laureate 2018 King Faisal Prize Islamic Studies 40th Award Ceremony 2018 March 26 Monday

In the name of Allah the Merciful Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, the heavens and the earth. May prayers and peace be upon his slave and messenger, the custodian of His revelation! May Allah›s satisfaction be showered on his family and companions, the shining stars of guidance, the downing seas of dew, and the meteors of consolation and guidance! Peace from Allah and mercy on the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and bountiful blessings of Allah on their the Princes and their the Ministers and the clement scholars from the city of peace which I no longer see but in dreams; my beloved city where I was born, raised, educated, grew up to become a young man, then a middle-aged man, and now an old man. It is in the city of peace that my parents and my teachers were born and lived and died. My city used to be peerless for its majesty and magnanimity, and the abundance of its scientists. It was the millennial capital of the Arab and Muslim world. Then the speckled city, where I emigrated, Amman, which become, thanks to Allah, the land of our settlement and residence after we were plagued by trial and tribulations. On this auspicious and felicitous day, we mention the grace which Allah has bestowed upon us and the many bounties he has granted us. We also gratefully and prayerfully mention the producer of this beautiful work, King Faisal bin Abdulaziz -May Allah be pleased with him- and his loyal and devout offspring who have fondly glorified his memory by following his suit. They have indeed built on his achievements by their generosity towards scholars and scholarship. Genuine credit goes to them for their loyalty and their dedicated endeavors for this noble institution which has gained wide acclaim and fame. This institution has turned in fact, thanks Allah, into an iconic landmark of the age to which the brightest scholars turn and crave to join. Then we remember history, the mirror of the nation, and the repository of its grandiose experiences and lessons, as well as the values ​​that the wise mind can learn from history›s events, developments, and the facts which many unfair people have striven to unjustly and ignorantly claim that Muslim scholars are mostly non-Arabs. Truth is, many of the scholars of the Ummah [i.e. community] are Arab noblemen who settled in the land of non-Arabs. As such, they were associated with them. We have spent more than half a century perusing their news, their countries, and their genealogies, just as we have verified their biographies, after which facts come through clearly and incontestably.

20 Our history and our religion testify that Allah has chosen the Arab people to be the lever of the eternal Islamic message thanks to their mind, tongue, ethics, and their work. As such, they have enjoyed both the perfection arising of their human power and the perfection which Allah revealed to them. Allah picked His Messenger from among them, and made their language the best among other languages. The Quran was revealed in Arabic and stated that their religion is the best religion, and their Arab Prophet is the best of all prophets, and his loyal and pious companions are the best of all righteous people and the greatest holy knights and the ultimate martyrs. In accordance with the correct and verified Hadith emanating from He who does not speak lightly and narrated by the eminent Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal in his Musnad [i.e. collection of Hadiths]: «He who does not thank people does not thank Allah!». I extend my sincere thanks to His Royal Prince Khalid Al-Faisal, Chairman of the King Faisal Prize Board -May Allah preserve him and guide him to the path of goodness and sustain his support and bounty. I also wish to pay tribute to His Dr. Abdulaziz Alsebail, the Secretary-General, and all his staff for their tireless efforts and for their warm welcome and hospitality. We pray to Almighty Allah that He may add this to his record of deeds and the virtue pan of his deed-scale. Our closing prayer is «Praise be .to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds». May Allah’s mercy and blessings be upon you all.

21 Professor Chokri Mabkhout King Faisal Prize Arabic Language and Literature Laureate 2018

22 Chokri Mabkhout was born in 1962 in . He earned in 1986 the Certificate for the Completion of Studies from the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at the Teachers› Institute in Soussa. A year later, he obtained the Certificate of Research Aptitude from the Arts College in Manouba. He earned the Certificate of Aggregation in Arabic Language and Literature from the same college in 1988. In 2001, he received his PhD in Arabic Language and Literature from the College of Arts, Manouba University. Professor Mabkhout has been teaching, language, literature, linguistics, and discourse analysis, at Manouba University since 1988. He assumed the deanship of the Faculty of Arts, and Humanities at Manouba University and then assumed the chancellorship of this university where he is currently a professor. He has supervised many research thesis and has participated in numerous conferences in Tunisia and throughout the Arab world. He has also contributed to the literary and cultural life in his own country and many other Arab countries. Professor Mabkhout founded, supervised, and edited the magazine «Academia», which was published by Manouba University. He also edited and supervised the quarterly cultural magazine «The New Thought»(Al-Fikr Al-Jadid). He is the Director of the refereed Journal «Annals of the Tunisian University» that is issued by Manouba University. Besides, he is a member of a number of scholarly committees and rights organizations. Professor Chokri has published a number of scholarly works, including «The Biography of the Absent, the Biography of the Coming: Biography in the Book of Al-Ayyâm of Tâhâ Hussayn», «Aesthetics: The Text and its Readers in Classical Arabic Poetics», «The construction of Negation», «Rhetorical Induction», «The Circle of Linguistic Works», «The Progeny of the Thief of Fire: The Intellectual Biography», and «The Leader and his Shadows: Biography in Tunisia». He then published a collection of stories, «Madame President» and a second novel title «Baganda». Professor Mabkhout received a number of awards, including the Tunisian Ministry of Culture›s award for his book «The Aesthetics of Intimacy», King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International Award for Translation (Honorary Award) for his book «The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Pragmatics», and the International Prize for Arabic Fiction (IPAF) for his novel «Etalyenni (The Italian)». He then published a collection of stories, «Madame President» and a second novel title «Baganda».

23

Speech by Professor Chokri Mabkhout

Laureate 2018 King Faisal Prize Arabic Language and Literature 40th Award Ceremony 2018 March 26 Monday

The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman Bin Abdulaziz, Ladies & Gentlemen, I would like, first of all, to express my sense of overwhelming honor to have my name included in the roster of King Faisal Prize awardees along with a select number of scholars and researchers from the East and the West. This prize, which is nearing its fortieth anniversary, continues to confirm that the trees of knowledge, wisdom, and constructive deeds blossom and bloom whenever they are devoted to serving the advancement of humanity and faithful to a set of noble values. I would not have realized as I was writing the first pages on biography more than a quarter of a century ago that my research would culminate in gaining such an honor. All I remember was my concern that our Arab-Islamic culture should retrieve its global standing by having its essence driven by both its original foundations and modernization. I ardently wanted to see our Arab-Islamic culture contribute, thanks to its own uniqueness, to the formulation of a new humanity. I was hoping to add a little something to the domain of science. I was like an ant carrying, as part of an ant colony, its burden to the ant nest. It was perhaps this sense of longing for a better future that enticed me to engage in the world of biography. In this type of writing genre, one reveals the depths of his inner self and whatever yearnings, contradictions, and confusions stir him, wondering about his position in the universe while being on a quest for his individual essence. Perhaps as a young man, I could see in the reflection of others as they made their way through life some features of my own individual identity melting into the collective identity as seen in my dreams. Isn›t literature but knowledge and acquaintanceship, as well as a free and deep dialogue that can be either quiet or noisy, being held as self-witness by the writing or reading consciousness as part of the epic of Man since Prometheus stole the fire of knowledge and civilization? Ladies & Gentlemen, Allow me to convey my heartfelt thanks to the administrators of King Faisal Prize. My appreciation also goes to the organizers, referees, and the selection committee. I am grateful to them all for having honored me with this prize which will constitute a hallmark in my autobiography if ever I write it.

25 Professor James P. Allison King Faisal Prize in Medicine laureate 2018

26 Professor James P. Allison was born in Alice, Texas, of America, in 1948. He obtained his BS in Microbiology in 1969, and later in 1973 his PhD in Biological from the University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA. He did his postgraduate fellowship in Molecular at Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA, USA. In 1977 he became Assistant Biochemist and Assistant Professor in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park. In 1985 he became Director of the Cancer Research Laboratory in the Division of Basic Science Research and Professor at the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology in the Division of Immunology at the University of California, Berkeley, USA, and later in 1989 head of the Division of Immunology. From 2004 to 2012, Allison was Professor and Chair of the Immunology Program at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, USA, and in 2006 became Director of Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy. Since 2012 he has served as Professor and Chair of the Department of Immunology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Currently he is Vivian L. Smith Distinguished Chair in Immunology and Director of the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and Executive Director of the Immunotherapy Platform at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Professor Allison is a well-renowned scientist, and his seminal work in developing an antagonistic anti-CTLA4- antibody has led to effectively opening up the field of “immune checkpoint therapy” and the effective treatment of different types of cancer with this . He showed that antibody-mediated suppression of the T-Cell inhibitory molecule CTLA4- can promote tumor rejection which led to a groundbreaking method of treatment that is now part of the standard of care for multiple cancers. Professor James Allison has published over 250 highly cited articles, with a total Web of Science (Google Scholar) citations of 56,683( 40,796) and an H-index of 117( 102). He has also, authored, edited, and reviewed 2 books. He is a member of the editorial board of many reputable scientific journals and has participated in various conferences and exhibitions in his field as well as supervised many graduate students. Professor Allison is a highly active researcher and academic as evident by the over 60 awards and honors he has received.

27

Speech by Professor James P. Allison

Laureate 2018 King Faisal Prize Medicine 40th Award Ceremony 2018 March 26 Monday

I am so glad to be here and honored to be selected for the King Faisal Prize. As a basic scientist, I have been blessed to see my research findings translate into a powerful new strategy for cancer therapy. In 2006 I met a melanoma patient named Sharon, a newlywed and recent college graduate. A year earlier, her doctors told her that she had only a few months to live. She had received multiple prior therapies but her cancer continued to grow. As a last resort, she joined a clinical trial of a then experimental drug based on my immunology work called anti-CTLA4- therapy. Within 3 months, her tumors shrank and then disappeared. A year later she hugged me and cried after being told by her that she showed no evidence of recurrent cancer. I cried with her. Sharon and I have become good friends. When her first child was born a few years later, she sent me pictures. Then, pictures of her second child. She is now 11 years out from her battle with cancer and enjoying life with a vibrant family. I’ve since had the privilege of meeting many patients who had benefitted from anti-CTLA4- therapy. It’s always overwhelming and my emotions often get the best of me as they tell their stories. Additional CTLA-4-like brakes have been identified. Because drugs against these brakes, now known as checkpoint blockade therapy, treat the immune system, not the cancer, they are effective against many kinds of cancer. Checkpoint blockade agents are now approved for melanoma, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, lung cancer, and others. Of course, we still have a lot of work to do. We have not been able to successfully treat cancers such as pancreatic cancers and glioblastoma. We’re continuing our efforts and hope to make progress in the near future. I am truly honored to have been selected for this prize. I owe this success to a large number of students and fellows who worked in my lab and I owe special thanks to my wonderful partner in science, and life, my wife Pam Sharma.

29 Professor Sir John M. Ball King Faisal Prize in Science laureate 2018

30 Professor Sir John M. Ball was born in Farnham, Surrey, , in 1948. He obtained his undergraduate degree in Mathematics from St. John’s College at the University of Cambridge in 1969, Cambridge and his D.Phil in Mechanical Engineering in 1972 from the School of Applied Sciences at the University of Sussex. After holding postdoctoral positions at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, Scotland and at Brown University in the USA, he spent over 20 years at Heriot-Watt University, where from 96-1982 he was Professor of Applied Analysis. He is currently Sedleian Professor of Natural Philosophy, Director of the Oxford Centre for Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations, and Fellow of the Queen’s College at the University of Oxford, as well as holding a part-time position at Heriot-Watt. He is a Fellow of the Royal Societies of Edinburgh and London, and a foreign member of the French Academy of Sciences, the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, and the Istituto Lombardo. He was knighted in 2006 for his services to science, and has received numerous other awards. Sir John is an internationally leading researcher with fundamental mathematical contributions to nonlinear partial differential equations, the calculus of variations, and their applications to materials science and liquid crystals. In pioneering work, he gave the first global existence theorems for energy minimizing configurations in nonlinear elasticity under realistic hypotheses on the material response, and the first rigorous treatments of non-interpenetration of matter and cavitation in solids. He worked with Richard James to develop a widely used mathematical theory of martensitic phase transformations and their microstructure, as well as a theory of metastability based on geometric incompatibility of parent and product phases. He is also well known for groundbreaking work on the asymptotic behavior of infinite-dimensional dynamical systems, in which he devised a basic method for proving the existence of global attractors for nonlinear wave equations and other systems. His recent work on the Landau - de Gennes theory has greatly stimulated the worldwide study of the mathematics of liquid crystals. In particular, he has made key contributions with Zarnescu to orientability of director configurations, and with Majumdar to the study of a bulk-energy density for the de Gennes Q-tensor ensuring the satisfaction of physical constraints on its eigenvalues. Sir John’s wider contributions to international science include his period from 2006-2002 as President of the International Mathematical Union. He helped found the successful International Centre for Mathematical Sciences in Edinburgh, and has been involved in several initiatives to support mathematics in developing countries. He is a member of various scientific advisory boards around the world, and of the Editorial Boards of a number of leading scientific journals. Since2011 he has been a member of the Executive Board of the International Council for Science.

31

Speech by Professor Sir John M. Ball

Laureate 2018 King Faisal Prize Science 40th Award Ceremony 2018 March 26 Monday

I am extremely honoured to receive the 2018 King Faisal Prize for Science. However it is hard to recognize it as a prize for me alone, since if I have achieved anything in science, it is largely because of the inspiration and support of others throughout my career. In particular I have greatly benefitted, and continue to do so, from brilliant collaborators, students and postdocs. I could also have done little without the support of my wife Sedhar and family. One of the most important things in science is how to choose good problems. This is particularly so in mathematics, where it is all too easy to think that because something is technically difficult it must be important. I have always found that nature chooses good problems for you, and especially enjoy interacting with those doing experiments. The rewards of learning the language of a different branch of science are well worth the effort, and the mathematical problems you find are every bit as fundamental as those arising from within mathematics itself, and often more interesting. I am very conscious of having had the good fortune to be educated at top-class universities, and that the obstacles to a successful scientific career faced by those in less scientifically developed countries are immense. It is not just a lack of facilities, but of scientific leaders to learn from, and of a scientific tradition. Talented young people can nowadays find most scientific information on the internet, but to know how to use it, and what to work on, in general requires nurturing by someone who knows from personal experience how science is done. Those who have benefitted from a good scientific education have a responsibility to do what they can to help mentor talented young people wherever they may be. This brings its own rewards, and also contributes to understanding between nations in a world with too much conflict and distrust. I once again express my deep appreciation for this award, which also gives me the opportunity to visit Saudi Arabia for the first time and learn more about its society and science.

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