A Study of the Birds of Sandy Creek Conservation Park and the Old Barossa Gold-Fields from 1966 to 1993 by Barry R. Hutchins
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A Study of the Birds of Sandy Creek Conservation Park and the Old Barossa Gold-fields from 1966 to 1993 by Barry R. Hutchins First published in 2005 by The Friends of Sandy Creek Conservation Park C/o Post Office Cockatoo Valley SA 5351 © Barry R Hutchins 2005 Printed by Bunyip Print Commercial Lane Gawler SA 5118 This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealings for the purpose of private study, research or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Enquires should be made to the publisher. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-publication Data Hutchins, B. R. (Barry R.). A study of the birds of Sandy Creek Conservation Park and the old Barossa Gold-fields from 1966 to 1993. Includes bibliography. ISBN 1 921018 19 4. 1. Birds - South Australia - Sandy Creek Conservation Park. 2. National parks and reserves - South Australia - Sandy Creek Conservation Park. 3. Sandy Creek Conservation Park (S. Aust.). I. Friends of Sandy Creek Conservation Park. II. Title. 598.099423 About the author Barry Hutchins’ passion for birds began 58 years ago when he obtained two pairs of homing pigeons. Since then his interest has expanded to include many facets of ornithology and aviculture, as diverse as becoming an honorary A class bird bander, and a cage bird judge at SA and NSW shows. Barry has always been keen to share his enthusiasm and knowledge, and has presented lectures in America and most states of Australia. He has published over 120 articles on birds, including co-authoring Australian Parrots A Field and Aviary Study and being a regional organizer for the Australian Bird Atlas 1998-2002. He has been office bearer, patron, and honorary life member of such organizations as the Avicultural Society of South Australia Inc and the Adelaide Ornithologists Club Inc. For nine years he was chairman of the South Australian National Parks Consultative Committee for Keeping and Trading in Native Fauna. Recognizing the integral links between birds and their environment, he has been recipient of the National Parks Foundation of South Australia Award for ‘many years of interest in the work of the Foundation and practical understanding of the principals of retaining significant vegetated land for biodiversity now and for future generations.’ With his wife Ruby he is also joint patron of Friends of Sandy Creek Conservation Park, and in 2000 they were awarded a South Australian National Parks and Wildlife Gold Life Entitlement Award for their work for conservation. Some of his awards include, in 1983, an Avicultural Federation of Australia Award for Achievements in Aviculture Research and an Avicultural Society of Australia Award for Aviculture and Ornithological Research. In 2000 Barry was awarded the Order of Australia for services to ornithology and aviculture. This current work is the culmination of one of the longest, continuous studies of its kind in Australia by an individual, and its publication is timely as areas such as Sandy Creek Conservation Park and the Old Barossa Gold-fields face increasing pressure from near-by development. Acknowledgements The Australian Bird-banding scheme, CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Rangeland Research, A.C.T. (supplied bands for the study) Australian Bird and Bat Banding schemes, Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, A.C.T. (supplied bands for the study) National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment and Planning I am also grateful for the assistance of the following people: (the late) Bob Lovell, Maurice Gill, Ruby Hutchins and Daryl Hutchins for their assistance with mist netting South Australian National Parks Rangers Colin Jones, Jim Earl, John Watkins and Eric Dahl for their total cooperation Trevor Bain and John Springbett for their help with duck and quail captures Robert Phelps and (the late) Geoff Hissey for permission to be on their land Dr Graham Cam, Annett Cam and Ian Grant as visiting banders to Sandy Creek Conservation Park Annie Bond, Maurice Roche, Les and Joyce Cain, Margaret Crohn, Paul Koch and Graham Lees from Friends of Sandy Creek Conservation Park Max Waterman, David Barrington, Anne Hutchins and Graeme Hyde for providing helpful comments on a draft of this paper Lisa Hardy and staff of the Bird and Bat Banding office for their valued assistance. I also thank Dr David Paton for his encouragement and valued comments on the manuscript. I am indebted to Jean Kent for her assistance and advice in putting this manuscript together. Table of contents Introduction 1 Study areas and methods 4 Methods used when banding ducks 9 Methods used when banding quail 11 Species for special comments 30 Species observed breeding for the first time in Sandy Creek Conservation Park from 1966 to 1993 32 Decline and increase of some species in Sandy Creek Conservation Park 39 Results 42 Discussion 43 Appendix: Complete list of birds observed from 1966 to 1993 45 References 50 List of Maps Figure 1: Sandy Creek and surrounding study area 3 Figure 2: Sandy Creek Conservation Park 4 List of Tables Table 1: Summary of captures/recaptures/first year birds and seasonal records of species banded at Sandy Creek Conservation Park, the Old Barossa Gold-fields and three species near the small town of Sandy Creek, S.A. from 1966 to 1993 12 Table 2: Species observed and not banded in Sandy Creek Conservation Park from 1966 to 1993 14 Table 3: Species observed and not banded in Old Barossa Gold-fields from 1966 to 1993 16 Table 4: Recovery of dispersal away from banding sites 19 Table 5: Recovery and Longevity details of some species banded in Sandy Creek Conservation Park (SC) and Old Barossa Gold-fields (BG) from 1966 to 1993 22 Introduction My family originated from Gawler and when I was quite young, we moved to Adelaide. Many of my relatives remained, which gave me the opportunity to re-visit, and as a young person, explore the surrounding areas by walking along dirt tracks and through bushland in the 1940s. On occasional trips into the Old Barossa Gold-fields by horse and buggy I was amazed at the dense bushland, creeks with running water and the various sounds of bird life; these excursions were a source of great enjoyment. Many years later I was given the opportunity to explore the region in depth with the aim of studying the local bird life. In 1962 I was invited to join The Adelaide Ornithologists Club Inc., and during that time I was introduced to Max Waterman and Vic Woods, both bird-banders (Max was South Australian regional organizer for CSIRO Bird Banding Scheme, Canberra and Vic was a curator of bird skins at the South Australian Museum, Adelaide). During 1964-65-66 I accepted an invitation to accompany them (separately) on bird-banding field trips. That experience gave me a grounding in the use of mist nets, location selection for mist nets and collating banding data. The aim of my project, which began in 1966, was to study the seasonal movements of birds within a nine km radius of Sandy Creek by banding and recapture, with details on the life history of resident, nomadic and migratory species. Sandy Creek, situated approximately 52 km north-north-east of Adelaide, is on the northern edge of the southern Mount Lofty Ranges and lies between the townships of Gawler and Lyndoch in the southern Barossa Valley. Included within this area are Sandy Creek Conservation Park, the northern section of Para Wirra Recreation Park, the Barossa Reservoir and the Old Barossa Gold-fields. (figure 1) At the outset of the assignment I decided it would not be practical to band birds at random but rather to carefully select a few sites for the duration of the project. Having had prior knowledge of the region through bird observing, the selection of sites took into account areas that contained water points, canopy with good understorey, regular movement of birds and positions that were away from public interference. It was these factors that decided that the Old Barossa Gold-fields and the Sandy Creek Conservation Park (figure 2) were chosen as the major banding areas. The native vegetation in both regions ranges from sclerophyll forests with moderate to dense understorey, typical of the Mount Lofty Ranges, to the more open savannah on sandy soils, and to the stony slopes in drier areas. The avifauna, also, shows an intergradation between species; there are species that are confined, largely, to the denser vegetation of the Mount Lofty Ranges and species from the more arid regions, north and east of the Range. 1 Apart from a 10-year observational survey of Sandy Creek Conservation Park by Rix (1976) no other detailed information on this region exists. The taxonomy in this paper follows Christidis and Boles (1994) and Schodde and Mason (1999), and summarizes my observations on birds from 1966 to 1993 within nine km of Sandy Creek. 2 Figure 1 Sandy Creek and surrounding study area 3 Figure 2 Sandy Creek Conservation Park 4 Study areas and methods Banding sites were deliberately chosen to gain maximum banding of species and the recapture for longevity records, degree of movement between banding sites and fluctuations of bird populations brought about by seasonal conditions (table 1). A visual census of bird species during the banding project would also be addressed (tables 1, 4 and Appendix). The difference in terrain and some vegetation in Sandy Creek Conservation Park and the Old Barossa Gold-fields showed a separation or preference by some bird species for one location or the other. In this project I used three and four shelf Terylene mist nets of varying lengths.