HERES Carrier Screening TEST LISTADO DE ENFERMEDADES ANALIZADAS
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GM2 Gangliosidoses: Clinical Features, Pathophysiological Aspects, and Current Therapies
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review GM2 Gangliosidoses: Clinical Features, Pathophysiological Aspects, and Current Therapies Andrés Felipe Leal 1 , Eliana Benincore-Flórez 1, Daniela Solano-Galarza 1, Rafael Guillermo Garzón Jaramillo 1 , Olga Yaneth Echeverri-Peña 1, Diego A. Suarez 1,2, Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz 1,* and Angela Johana Espejo-Mojica 1,* 1 Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; [email protected] (A.F.L.); [email protected] (E.B.-F.); [email protected] (D.S.-G.); [email protected] (R.G.G.J.); [email protected] (O.Y.E.-P.); [email protected] (D.A.S.) 2 Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 110231, Colombia * Correspondence: [email protected] (C.J.A.-D.); [email protected] (A.J.E.-M.); Tel.: +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4140) (C.J.A.-D.); +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4099) (A.J.E.-M.) Received: 6 July 2020; Accepted: 7 August 2020; Published: 27 August 2020 Abstract: GM2 gangliosidoses are a group of pathologies characterized by GM2 ganglioside accumulation into the lysosome due to mutations on the genes encoding for the β-hexosaminidases subunits or the GM2 activator protein. Three GM2 gangliosidoses have been described: Tay–Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and the AB variant. Central nervous system dysfunction is the main characteristic of GM2 gangliosidoses patients that include neurodevelopment alterations, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. Currently, there is not approved therapy for GM2 gangliosidoses, but different therapeutic strategies have been studied including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy, pharmacological chaperones, and gene therapy. -
Supplementary Table S4. FGA Co-Expressed Gene List in LUAD
Supplementary Table S4. FGA co-expressed gene list in LUAD tumors Symbol R Locus Description FGG 0.919 4q28 fibrinogen gamma chain FGL1 0.635 8p22 fibrinogen-like 1 SLC7A2 0.536 8p22 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2 DUSP4 0.521 8p12-p11 dual specificity phosphatase 4 HAL 0.51 12q22-q24.1histidine ammonia-lyase PDE4D 0.499 5q12 phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP-specific FURIN 0.497 15q26.1 furin (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme) CPS1 0.49 2q35 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1, mitochondrial TESC 0.478 12q24.22 tescalcin INHA 0.465 2q35 inhibin, alpha S100P 0.461 4p16 S100 calcium binding protein P VPS37A 0.447 8p22 vacuolar protein sorting 37 homolog A (S. cerevisiae) SLC16A14 0.447 2q36.3 solute carrier family 16, member 14 PPARGC1A 0.443 4p15.1 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha SIK1 0.435 21q22.3 salt-inducible kinase 1 IRS2 0.434 13q34 insulin receptor substrate 2 RND1 0.433 12q12 Rho family GTPase 1 HGD 0.433 3q13.33 homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase PTP4A1 0.432 6q12 protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 1 C8orf4 0.428 8p11.2 chromosome 8 open reading frame 4 DDC 0.427 7p12.2 dopa decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) TACC2 0.427 10q26 transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing protein 2 MUC13 0.422 3q21.2 mucin 13, cell surface associated C5 0.412 9q33-q34 complement component 5 NR4A2 0.412 2q22-q23 nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 EYS 0.411 6q12 eyes shut homolog (Drosophila) GPX2 0.406 14q24.1 glutathione peroxidase -
NTSAD Web Page on Miglustat Fran Platt Substrate Reduction Therapy
NTSAD Web Page on Miglustat Fran Platt Substrate Reduction Therapy for LSDs Background Several lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) involve the storage of fatty molecules within cells of the body that are called sphingolipids (1). This is because an enzyme that normally works to break these molecules down in the lysosome, the waste disposal/recycling center of our cells, does not work properly (2, 3). Some sphingolipids are modified by the cells of our bodies by adding sugars, creating a family of specialized sphingolipids called glycosphingolipids (GSLs) (1). For example, in Gaucher disease a glycosphingolipid called glucosylceramide is not broken down and is stored, whereas in Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease it is a glycosphingolipid called GM2 ganglioside that is stored (1). Glycosphingolipids are made in the cells of our bodies by a single metabolic pathway that begins with the addition of a sugar molecule called glucose to a sphingolipid molecule called ceramide (1). The fact that there is only a single major pathway to make most glycosphingolipids offers a potential way of treating these diseases using a small molecule drug (4). How would a drug work? The principle behind this treatment is called substrate reduction therapy (SRT)(4). The idea is to partially block the cells in our body from making glycosphingolipids, specifically stopping them from adding glucose to ceramide, which is the first step in this pathway. This would mean fewer glycosphingolipids are made, so fewer would require breaking down in the lysosome. The aim is to balance the rates of glycosphingolipid manufacture with their impaired rate of breakdown. -
References and Further Reading
110_Valk_References 13.04.2005 12:37 Uhr Seite 905 References and Further Reading 1 Myelin and White Matter Dambska M,Laure-Kaminowska M.Myelination as a parameter of normal and retarded brain maturation. Brain Dev 1990; Asotra K, Macklin WB. Protein kinase C activity modulates 12: 214–220 myelin gene expression in enriched oligodendrocytes. Davison AN, Dobbing J. Myelination as a vulnerable period in J Neurosci Res 1993; 34: 571–588 brain development. Br Med Bull 1966; 20: 40–44 Baumann N, Pham-Dinh D. Biology of oligodendrocyte and Deshmukh DS,Vorbrodt AW,Lee PK,Bear WD,Kuizon S.Studies myelin in the mammalian central nervous system. Physiol on the submicrosomal fractions of bovine oligodendroglia: Rev 2001; 81: 871–927 lipid composition and glycolipid biosynthesis. Neurochem Benjamins JA, Iwata R, Hazlett J. Kinetics of entry of proteins Res 1988; 13: 571–582 into the myelin membrane. J Neurochem 1978; 31: 1077– De Vries GH, Norton WT. The fatty acid composition of sphin- 1085 golipids from bovine CNS axons and myelin. J Neurochem Benveniste EN, Merrill JE. Stimulation of oligodendroglial pro- 1974; 22: 251–257 liferation and maturation by interleukin-2. Nature 1986; Dietrich RB, Bradley WG, Zaragoza IV, Otto RJ, Taira RK, Wilson 321: 610–613 GH, Kangerloo H. MR evaluation of early myelination pat- Berlet HH,Volk B.Studies of human myelin proteins during old terns in normal and developmentally delayed infants.AJNR age. Mech Ageing Dev 1980; 14: 211–222 Am J Neuroradiol 1988; 9: 69–76 Berndt JA, Kim JG, Hudson LD. Identification of cis-regulatory Dobbing J.Vulnerable periods in developing brain.In: Davison elements in the myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) gene. -
INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION Zur Erlangung Des Doktorgrades Der Medizin
Aus der Universitätsklinik für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin Abteilung Kinderheilkunde III mit Poliklinik Ärztliche Direktorin: Frau Professor Dr. I. Krägeloh-Mann Bestimmung von sphingolipidabbauenden Enzymen in Granulozyten, Monozyten und Lymphozyten zur Optimierung der Labordiagnostik bei Sphingolipid-Speichererkrankungen INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Medizin der MEDIZINISCHEN FAKULTÄT der Eberhard-Karls-Universität zu Tübingen vorgelegt von SEBASTIAN GEORG CHRISTOPHER STROBEL aus Burlington/USA 2005 Dekan: Professor Dr. med. C. D. Claussen 1. Berichterstatter: Professor Dr. rer. nat. G. Bruchelt 2. Berichterstatter: Privatdozentin Dr. rer. nat. H. Schmid Für meine Eltern und Geschwister 4 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Inhalt Seite 1. Einleitung 8 1.1. Einführung 8 1.2. Lysosomale Speicherkrankheiten 10 1.2.1. Stoffwechsel der Sphingolipide 10 1.2.1.1. Funktion der Sphingolipide 10 1.2.1.2. Biosynthese der Sphingolipide 11 1.2.1.3. Abbau der Sphingolipide 14 1.2.1.4. Störungen im lysosomalen Sphingolipidabbau: Lipidspeicherkrankheiten 15 1.2.1.5. Synthese und Reifung lysosomaler Enzyme 17 1.2.1.6. Speicherung und Freisetzung der lysosomalen Enzyme 19 1.2.2. Erkrankungen durch Störungen des Sphingolipidabbaus 20 1.2.2.1. Metachromatische Leukodystrophie (MLD) 23 1.2.2.2. ß-Galaktosidase-Mangel (GM1 Gangliosidose, Morquio B) 27 1.2.2.3. GM2 Gangliosidosen 35 1.2.3. Diagnostik der Sphingolipidosen 40 1.2.3.1. Biochemische Diagnostik 40 1.2.3.1.1. Analyse der gespeicherten Materialien aus Biopsien 40 1.2.3.1.2. Enzymatische Nachweisverfahren 41 1.2.3.1.3. Metabolische Untersuchungen 43 1.2.3.2. Molekulare Nachweisverfahren und genetische Diagnostik 44 1.2.3.3. -
Metabolic Signatures Differentiate Ovarian from Colon Cancer Cell Lines
Halama et al. J Transl Med (2015) 13:223 DOI 10.1186/s12967-015-0576-z RESEARCH Open Access Metabolic signatures differentiate ovarian from colon cancer cell lines Anna Halama1†, Bella S Guerrouahen2,3,4†, Jennifer Pasquier2,3, Ilhem Diboun1, Edward D Karoly5, Karsten Suhre1,6 and Arash Rafii2,3,7* Abstract Background: In this era of precision medicine, the deep and comprehensive characterization of tumor phenotypes will lead to therapeutic strategies beyond classical factors such as primary sites or anatomical staging. Recently, “-omics” approached have enlightened our knowledge of tumor biology. Such approaches have been extensively implemented in order to provide biomarkers for monitoring of the disease as well as to improve readouts of thera- peutic impact. The application of metabolomics to the study of cancer is especially beneficial, since it reflects the bio- chemical consequences of many cancer type-specific pathophysiological processes. Here, we characterize metabolic profiles of colon and ovarian cancer cell lines to provide broader insight into differentiating metabolic processes for prospective drug development and clinical screening. Methods: We applied non-targeted metabolomics-based mass spectroscopy combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography for the metabolic phenotyping of four cancer cell lines: two from colon cancer (HCT15, HCT116) and two from ovarian cancer (OVCAR3, SKOV3). We used the MetaP server for statistical data analysis. Results: A total of 225 metabolites were detected in all four cell lines; 67 of these molecules significantly discrimi- nated colon cancer from ovarian cancer cells. Metabolic signatures revealed in our study suggest elevated tricar- boxylic acid cycle and lipid metabolism in ovarian cancer cell lines, as well as increased β-oxidation and urea cycle metabolism in colon cancer cell lines. -
Membrane Proteomic Analysis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells Xiaojun Liu1, Min Zhang1, Vay Liang W Go2, Shen Hu1,3*
Liu et al. Journal of Biomedical Science 2010, 17:74 http://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/17/1/74 RESEARCH Open Access Membrane proteomic analysis of pancreatic cancer cells Xiaojun Liu1, Min Zhang1, Vay Liang W Go2, Shen Hu1,3* Abstract Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human tumors due to its high potential of local invasion and metastasis. The aim of this study was to characterize the membrane proteomes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells of primary and metastatic origins, and to identify potential target proteins related to metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Methods: Membrane/membrane-associated proteins were isolated from AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells and identified with a proteomic approach based on SDS-PAGE, in-gel tryptic digestion and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). X! Tandem was used for database searching against the SwissProt human protein database. Results: We identified 221 & 208 proteins from AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells, respectively, most of which are membrane or membrane-associated proteins. A hundred and nine proteins were found in both cell lines while the others were present in either AsPC-1 or BxPC-3 cells. Differentially expressed proteins between two cell lines include modulators of cell adhesion, cell motility or tumor invasion as well as metabolic enzymes involved in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, or nucleotide/lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Membrane proteomes of AsPC-1 (metastatic) and BxPC-3 (primary) cells are remarkably different. The differentially expressed membrane proteins may serve as potential targets for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Introduction different regions of the same organ and in distant Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human organs [2,3]. -
Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Hindrance of Urea Cycle Error of Metabolism
Vol 9, Issue 4, 2021 ISSN - 2321-4406 Review Article EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, AND HINDRANCE OF UREA CYCLE ERROR OF METABOLISM VENKATA VASAVI KAVITAPU1, BINDU MADHAVA S2, SAMEER SHARMA3* 1School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. 2Department of Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, Karnataka, India. 3Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Email: [email protected] Received: 31 May 2021, Revised and Accepted: 29 June 2021 ABSTRACT Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a class of genetic disorders that are rare individually, but collectively they occur in common terms exhibiting an average prevalence of 1 in 1000 individuals. One of the most commonly occurring IEMs is the urea cycle disorders (UCDs), which are a group of unusual disorders that have an effect on the urea cycle, a sequence of metabolic processes through which nitrogen is transformed into urea and expelled from the body by the urine. These diseases are the primary cause of hereditary hyperammonemia, and they can result in developmental disabilities, epilepsy, loss of psychomotor control, and death. UCDs are most commonly diagnosed during infancy, although certain infants do not exhibit symptoms until they are in their early childhood. IEMs are precisely diagnosed and recorded through tandem mass spectroscopy-based newborn screening. Recent advances in IEMs include new therapies based on dietary modification, enzyme replacement therapy, development of novel compounds, and diagnosis involving untargeted metabolomics and whole-exome sequencing are also widely being used in new disease discovery. Modern improvements in diagnosis and care have increased the prognosis significantly for a lot of children with IEM. -
Inheritest 500 PLUS
Inheritest® 500 PLUS 525 genes Specimen ID: 00000000010 Container ID: H0651 Control ID: Acct #: LCA-BN Phone: SAMPLE REPORT, F-630049 Patient Details Specimen Details Physician Details DOB: 01/01/1991 Date Collected: 08/05/2019 12:00 (Local) Ordering: Age (yyy/mm/dd): 028/07/04 Date Received: 08/06/2019 Referring: Gender: Female Date Entered: 08/06/2019 ID: Patient ID: 00000000010 Date Reported: 08/21/2019 15:29 (Local) NPI: Ethnicity: Unknown Specimen Type: Blood Lab ID: MNEGA Indication: Carrier screening Genetic Counselor: None SUMMARY: POSITIVE POSITIVE RESULTS DISORDER (GENE) RESULTS INTERPRETATION Spinal muscular atrophy AT RISK AT RISK to be a silent carrier (2+0). For ethnic-specific risk (SMN1) 2 copies of SMN1; positive for revisions see Methods/Limitations. Genetic counseling is NMID: NM_000344 c.*3+80T>G SNP recommended. Risk: AT INCREASED RISK FOR AFFECTED PREGNANCY. See Additional Clinical Information. NEGATIVE RESULTS DISORDER (GENE) RESULTS INTERPRETATION Cystic fibrosis NEGATIVE This result reduces, but does not eliminate the risk to be a (CFTR) carrier. NMID: NM_000492 Risk: NOT at an increased risk for an affected pregnancy. Fragile X syndrome NEGATIVE: Not a carrier of a fragile X expansion. (FMR1) 29 and 36 repeats NMID: NM_002024 Risk: NOT at an increased risk for an affected pregnancy. ALL OTHER DISORDERS NEGATIVE This result reduces, but does not eliminate the risk to be a carrier. Risk: The individual is NOT at an increased risk for having a pregnancy that is affected with one of the disorders covered by this test. For partner's gene-specific risks, visit www.integratedgenetics.com. -
Review Article from Genetics to Genomics of Epilepsy
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Neurology Research International Volume 2012, Article ID 876234, 18 pages doi:10.1155/2012/876234 Review Article From Genetics to Genomics of Epilepsy Silvio Garofalo, Marisa Cornacchione, and Alfonso Di Costanzo Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze per la Salute (Me.S.pe.S.), Universita` del Molise, Via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Silvio Garofalo, [email protected] Received 13 December 2011; Accepted 17 February 2012 Academic Editor: Alexander Rotenberg Copyright © 2012 Silvio Garofalo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The introduction of DNA microarrays and DNA sequencing technologies in medical genetics and diagnostics has been a challenge that has significantly transformed medical practice and patient management. Because of the great advancements in molecular genetics and the development of simple laboratory technology to identify the mutations in the causative genes, also the diagnostic approach to epilepsy has significantly changed. However, the clinical use of molecular cytogenetics and high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies, which are able to test an entire genome for genetic variants that are associated with the disease, is preparing a further revolution in the near future. Molecular Karyotype and Next-Generation Sequencing have the potential to identify -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,604,011 B2 Melon (45) Date of Patent: Dec
USOO8604011 B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,604,011 B2 MelOn (45) Date of Patent: Dec. 10, 2013 (54) THERAPY FORTREATMENT OF CHRONIC OTHER PUBLICATIONS DEGENERATIVE BRAIN DISEASES AND NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY Frolov (The JBC, 2003, 278, 28, p. 25517-25525).* NINDS, NIH document (http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/ (75) Inventor: Synthia Mellon, San Francisco, CA niemann/niemann.htm), 2010, p. 1-2.* (US) Timby, Gynecological Endocrinology, 2010, p. 1-7.* Mellon (Brain Research Reviews, 2008, 410-420).* 73) Assignee:9. The Regentsg of the UniversitVy of Burns et al. (Nature Medicine, vol. 10, 7, Jul. 2004).* California, Oakland, CA (US) Bramlett, K. S. et al., “A Natural Product Ligand of the Oxysterol Receptor, Liver X Receptor'. The Journal of Pharmacology and *) Notice: Subject to anyy disclaimer, the term of this Experimental Therapeutics, vol. 307, pp. 291-296 (2003). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Collins, Jon L., “Therapeutic opportunities for liver X receptor U.S.C. 154(b) by 781 days. modulators'. Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development, vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 692-702 (2004). Griffin, Lisa D. et al., “Niemann-Pick type C disease involves dis (21) Appl. No.: 11/576,125 rupted neurosteroidogenesis and responds to allopregnanolone'. (22) PCT Filed: Sep. 27, 2005 Nature Medicine, vol. 10, No. 7, pp. 704-711 (2004). di Michelle, F. et al., “Decreased plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (86). PCT No.: PCT/US2OOS/O34746 content of neuroactive steroids in Parkinson's disease'. Neurol. Sci. vol. 24, pp. 172-173 (2003). S371 (c)(1), Reddy, D. -
Systems Biology of Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Systems biology of inborn errors of metabolism Swagatika Sahoo FacultyFaculty of of Faculty Faculty of of Life Life and and Environmental Environmental Sciences Sciences UniversityUniversity of of Iceland Iceland 20132013 SYSTEMS BIOLOGY OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM Swagatika Sahoo Dissertation submitted in partial fulllment of Philosophiae Doctor degree in Biology Advisor Professor Ines Thiele Thesis Committee Professor Ólafur S. Andrésson Professor Ines Thiele Professor Jón J. Jónsson Opponents Professor Hermann-Georg Holzhütter Professor Barbara Bakker Life and Environmental Sciences School of Engineering and Natural Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik, September 2013 Systems biology of inborn errors of metabolism Systems biology : inborn errors of metabolism Dissertation submitted in a partial fulfillment of a Ph.D. degree in Biology Copyright © 2013 Swagatika Sahoo All rights reserved Life and Environmental Sciences School of Engineering and Natural Sciences University of Iceland Sturlugata 8 101, Reykjavik, Reykjavik Iceland Telephone: 525 4000 Bibliographic information: Swagatika Sahoo, 2013, Systems biology of inborn errors of metabolism, Ph.D. the- sis, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland. ISBN 978-9935-9164-5-7 Printing: Háskólaprent, Fálkagata 2, 107 Reykjavik Reykjavik, Iceland, September 2013 Abstract Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are the hereditary metabolic disorders often leading to life threatening conditions when left un-treated. IEMs not only demand better diagnostic methods and efficient therapeutic regimen, but also, a high level understanding of the precise biochemical pathology involved. Constraint-based metabolic network reconstruction and modeling is the core systems biology meth- ods to analyze the complex interactions between cellular components that maintain cellular homeostasis. Simultaneously, the global human metabolic networks, Re- con 1 and Recon 2, are landmarks in this regard.