What Is Quality in Higher Education? INSTITUTION Society for Research Into Higher Education, Ltd., London (England)
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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 415 723 HE 030 737 AUTHOR Green, Diana, Ed. TITLE What Is Quality in Higher Education? INSTITUTION Society for Research into Higher Education, Ltd., London (England). ISBN ISBN-0-335-15740-8 PUB DATE 1994-00-00 NOTE 132p. AVAILABLE FROM Taylor & Francis, 1900 Frost Road, Bristol, PA 19007-1598; phone: 800-821-8312;fax: 215-785-5515 ($28.95). PUB TYPE Books (010) Opinion Papers (120) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS College Outcomes Assessment; Competition; Educational Change; Educational Objectives; *Educational Quality; Educational Trends; *Effective Schools Research; Excellence in Education; Foreign Countries; Government School Relationship; Higher Education; Institutional Research; Instructional Effectiveness; Leadership; Models; *Organization; Organizational Change; Partnerships in Education; *Politics of Education; Productivity; Quality Control; *Role of Education; School Effectiveness; School Restructuring; Theory Practice Relationship; Total Quality Management IDENTIFIERS England; *Further and Higher Educ Act 1992 (Great Britain) ABSTRACT This book reflects some of the debate following publication of the 1991 Further and Higher Education Bill, and it also draws on preliminary findings of a national research project funded by a partnership of government, business, and higher education that was designed to develop and test quality assessment methods. Chapters are organized in three sections: "What Is Quality in Higher Education?"; "Models from Within British Higher Education"; and "Models from Beyond British Higher Education." Chapter titles are: (1) "What Is Quality in Higher Education? Concepts, Policy and Practice" (Diana Green); (2) "Quality in Higher Education: A Funding Council Perspective" (William H. Stubbs); (3) "Defining and Measuring the Quality of Teaching" (Baroness Pauline Perry); (4) "Inspecting Quality in the Classroom: An HMI Perspective" (Terry Melia); (5) "Quality Audit in the Universities" (Carole Webb); (6) "Quality and its Measurement: A Business Perspective" (Jim Finch); (7) "Royal Mail: Developing a Total Quality Organization" (Ian Raisbeck);(8) "Quality in Higher Education: An International Perspective" (Malcolm Frazer); and (9)"Looking Ahead" (Diana Green). (Chapters contain endnotes.) (JLS) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** The Society for Research into Higher Education rgAir.A.2..A4 What is Quality in Higher Education? PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Taylor & Francis TOTHE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER R (ERIC) 1 CV) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research andImprovement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproducedas received from the person or organization originating it. t'sf\ Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Z-Z1 Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. by BEST COPYAVAILABLEDianaana Green What is Quality in Higher Education? SRHE and Open University Press Imprint General Editor: Heather Eggins Current titles include: Sir Christopher Ball and Heather Eggins: Higher Education into the 19905 Ronald Barnett: Improving Higher Education Ronald Barnett: Learning to Effect Ronald Barnett: The Idea of Higher Education Tony Becher: Academic Tribes and Territories Tony Becher: Governments and Professional Education Robert Bell and Malcolm Tight: Open Universities: A British Tradition? Hazel Bines and David Watson: Developing Professional Education David Boud et al.: Using Experience for Learning John Earwaker: Helping and Supporting Students Heather Eggins: Restructuring Higher Education Roger Ellis: Quality Assurance for University Teaching Gavin J. Fairbairn and Christopher Winch: Reading, Writing and Reasoning: A Guide for Students Oliver Fulton: Access and Institutional Change Diana Green: What is Quality in Higher Education? Gunnar Handal and Per LauvAs: Promoting Reflective Teaching Vivien Hodgson et al.: Beyond Distance Teaching, Towards Open Learning Jill Johnes and Jim Taylor: Performance Indicators in Higher Education Ian McNay: Visions of Post - compulsory Education Robin Middlehurst: Leading Academics Graeme Moodie: Standards and Criteria in Higher Education Jennifer Nias: The Human Nature of Learning: Selections from the Work of M.L.f. Abercrombie Gillian Pascal! and Roger Cox: Women Returning to Higher Education Kjell Raaheim et al.: Helping Students to Learn John T.E. Richardson et al.: Student Learning Tom Schuller: The Future of Higher Education Geoffrey Squires: First Degree Ted Tapper and Brian Salter: Oxford, Cambridge and the Changing Idea of the University Kim Thomas: Gender and Subject in Higher Education Malcolm Tight: Higher Education: A Part-time Perspective David Warner and Gordon Kelly: Managing Educational Property David Warner and Charles Leonard: The Income Generation Handbook Susan Warner Weil and Ian McGill: Making Sense of Experiential Learning David Watson: Managing the Modular Course Sue Wheeler and Jan Birtle: A Handbook for Personal Tutors Thomas G. Whiston and Roger L. Geiger: Research and Higher Education Gareth Williams: Changing Patterns of Finance in Higher Education John Wyatt: Commitment to Higher Education What is Quality in Higher Education? Edited by Diana Green Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press Pa- Published by the SRHE and Open University Press Celtic Court 22 Ballmoor Buckingham MK18 IXW and igoo Frost Road, Suite ioi Bristol, PA 19007, USA First Published 1994 Copyright © The Editor and Contributors 1994 All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for thepurposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd of go Tottenham Court Road, London, \VIP 9HE. A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN o 335 15740 8 (pb) 0 335 15741 6 (hb) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data What is quality in higher education? / edited by Diana M. Green. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-335-15741-6 ISBN 0-335-15740-8 (pbk.) 1. Education, HigherGreat BritainEvaluation.I. Green, Diana M., 1943 LA637.W431994 379.1,54c1c2o 93-10117 CIP Typeset by Graphicraft Typesetters Limited, Hong Kong Printed in Great Britain by St Edmundsbury Press, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk Contents List of Contributors vi Preface vii Part i: What is Quality in Higher Education? 1 1 What is Quality in Higher Education? Concepts, Policy and Practice 3 Diana Green 2 Quality in Higher Education: A Funding Council Perspective 21 William H. Stubbs Part 2: Models from Within British Higher Education 29 3 Defining and Measuring the Quality of Teaching 31 Baroness Pauline Perry 4Inspecting Quality in the Classroom: An HMI Perspective 38 Terry, Melia 5Quality Audit in the Universities 46 Carole Webb Part 3: Models from Beyond British Higher Education 61 6Quality and its Measurement: A Business Perspective 63 Jim Finch 7 Royal Mail: Developing a Total Quality Organization 81 Ian Raisbeck 8Quality in Higher Education: An International Perspective tot Malcolm Frazer 9Looking Ahead 112 Diana Green Index 118 The Society for Research into Higher Education 121 List of Contributors Jim Finch, formerly Director of Quality, IBM, now quality consultant Malcolm Frazer, Chief Executive of the Council for National Academic Awards DianaGreen,Pro-Vice-Chancellor, University of Central England in Birmingham Terry Melia CBE, formerly Senior Chief Inspector, Her Majesty's Inspectorate, now Chief Inspector, FEFC Baroness Pauline Perry, formerly Vice-Chancellor, South Bank University Ian Raisbeck, Quality Director, Royal Mail William H. Stubbs, formerly Chief Executive, PCFC, now Chief Executive, FEFC Carole Webb, Deputy Director, Division of Quality Audit, Higher Education Quality Council Preface It is a truism to say that whereas efficiency was the key word of the 198os, quality is the touchstone of the 1990s. Concern about quality is not new in the educational context, although much of the debate outside of the sector has focused on standards. Indeed, part of the difficulty which educationists experience in their attempt to demonstrate the quality of the services they are offering rests on the tendency to use quality and standards interchangeably. In the UK, the absence of any agreed definition has become problematic in the wake of the changes set in train by the 1988 Education Reform Act. Pressure for more accountability in the use of public funds, together with changes to the structure and funding of higher education, designed to in- crease competition for students and resources, provided the initial rationale for giving quality a higher profile than in the past. The Government's com- mitment to a higher participation rate together with the decision overtly to tie quality assessment to funding decisions sharpened the concern. However, a fundamental dilemma remains: