Understanding Animal Behaviour
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Animal Behaviour, Animal Welfare and the Scientific Study of Affect
WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 5-2009 Animal Behaviour, Animal Welfare and the Scientific Study of Affect David Fraser University of British Columbia Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/emotio Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Comparative Psychology Commons, and the Other Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Fraser, D. (2009). Animal behaviour, animal welfare and the scientific study of affect. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 118(3), 108-117. This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Animal Behaviour, Animal Welfare and the Scientific Study of Affect David Fraser University of British Columbia KEYWORDS animal behaviour, animal welfare, affect, emotion, qualitative research ABSTRACT Many questions about animal welfare involve the affective states of animals (pain, fear, distress) and people look to science to clarify these issues as a basis for practices, policies and standards. However, the science of the mid twentieth century tended to be silent on matters of animal affect for both philosophical and methodological reasons. Philosophically, under the influence of Positivism many scientists considered that the affective states of animals fall outside the scope of science. Certain methodological features of the research also favoured explanations that did not involve affect. The features included the tendency to rely on abstract, quantitative measures rather than description, to use controlled experiments more than naturalistic observation, and to focus on measures of central tendency (means, medians) rather than individual differences. -
MAC1 Abstracts – Oral Presentations
Oral Presentation Abstracts OP001 Rights, Interests and Moral Standing: a critical examination of dialogue between Regan and Frey. Rebekah Humphreys Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom This paper aims to assess R. G. Frey’s analysis of Leonard Nelson’s argument (that links interests to rights). Frey argues that claims that animals have rights or interests have not been established. Frey’s contentions that animals have not been shown to have rights nor interests will be discussed in turn, but the main focus will be on Frey’s claim that animals have not been shown to have interests. One way Frey analyses this latter claim is by considering H. J. McCloskey’s denial of the claim and Tom Regan’s criticism of this denial. While Frey’s position on animal interests does not depend on McCloskey’s views, he believes that a consideration of McCloskey’s views will reveal that Nelson’s argument (linking interests to rights) has not been established as sound. My discussion (of Frey’s scrutiny of Nelson’s argument) will centre only on the dialogue between Regan and Frey in respect of McCloskey’s argument. OP002 Can Special Relations Ground the Privileged Moral Status of Humans Over Animals? Robert Jones California State University, Chico, United States Much contemporary philosophical work regarding the moral considerability of nonhuman animals involves the search for some set of characteristics or properties that nonhuman animals possess sufficient for their robust membership in the sphere of things morally considerable. The most common strategy has been to identify some set of properties intrinsic to the animals themselves. -
Functional Aspects of Emotions in Fish
Behavioural Processes 100 (2013) 153–159 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Behavioural Processes jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/behavproc Functional aspects of emotions in fish ∗ Silje Kittilsen Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Norway a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: There is an ongoing scientific discussion on whether fish have emotions, and if so how they experience Received 19 March 2013 them? The discussion has incorporated important areas such as brain anatomy and function, physiological Received in revised form and behavioural responses, and the cognitive abilities that fish possess. Little attention has however, been 10 September 2013 directed towards what functional aspects emotions ought to have in fish. If fish have emotions – why? Accepted 11 September 2013 The elucidation of this question and an assessment of the scientific evidences of emotions in fish in an evolutionary and functional framework would represent a valuable contribution in the discussion on Keywords: whether fish are emotional creatures. Here parts of the vast amount of literature from both biology and Emotions Behaviour psychology relating to the scientific field of emotions, animal emotion, and the functional aspects that Cognition emotions fulfil in the lives of humans and animals are reviewed. Subsequently, by viewing fish behaviour, Psychology physiology and cognitive abilities in the light of this functional framework it is possible to infer what Fish functions emotions may serve in fish. This approach may contribute to the vital running discussion on Evolution the subject of emotions in fish. In fact, if it can be substantiated that emotions are likely to serve a function in fish similar to that of other higher vertebrate species, the notion that fish do have emotions will be strengthened. -
AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2020 Edition*
AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2020 Edition* Members of the Panel on Euthanasia Steven Leary, DVM, DACLAM (Chair); Fidelis Pharmaceuticals, High Ridge, Missouri Wendy Underwood, DVM (Vice Chair); Indianapolis, Indiana Raymond Anthony, PhD (Ethicist); University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska Samuel Cartner, DVM, MPH, PhD, DACLAM (Lead, Laboratory Animals Working Group); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Temple Grandin, PhD (Lead, Physical Methods Working Group); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado Cheryl Greenacre, DVM, DABVP (Lead, Avian Working Group); University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee Sharon Gwaltney-Brant, DVM, PhD, DABVT, DABT (Lead, Noninhaled Agents Working Group); Veterinary Information Network, Mahomet, Illinois Mary Ann McCrackin, DVM, PhD, DACVS, DACLAM (Lead, Companion Animals Working Group); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia Robert Meyer, DVM, DACVAA (Lead, Inhaled Agents Working Group); Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi David Miller, DVM, PhD, DACZM, DACAW (Lead, Reptiles, Zoo and Wildlife Working Group); Loveland, Colorado Jan Shearer, DVM, MS, DACAW (Lead, Animals Farmed for Food and Fiber Working Group); Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa Tracy Turner, DVM, MS, DACVS, DACVSMR (Lead, Equine Working Group); Turner Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery, Stillwater, Minnesota Roy Yanong, VMD (Lead, Aquatics Working Group); University of Florida, Ruskin, Florida AVMA Staff Consultants Cia L. Johnson, DVM, MS, MSc; Director, -
Book of Abstracts
Dr. John Miller (University of Sheffield) Animals, Capital, Literature and the Victorians: Writing the Fur Trade The difference between what we think of as ‘animal’ and what we think of as ‘human’ is routinely conceptualised as a fullness on the side of the human against a poverty on the side of the animal. In response, animal studies, in its emergence over the last twenty years or so, has set about dismantling this crude logic and broadening the scope of humanities research to include the nonhuman. Although at this juncture of the twenty first century, animal studies has the status of an emerging field of study, many of its central concerns are significant ingredients of nineteenth-century thought. Evolutionary theory radically destabilised entrenched ideas of human–animal difference; animal advocacy flowered, through the work of the RSPCA, the vegetarian society and the humanitarian League amongst others; the connections of discourses of species to discourses of race, class and gender became increasingly clear, and increasingly subject to debate, as the century progressed. At the same time, the use of animal bodies in a developing commodity culture accelerated to a remarkable degree, marking the Victorian period, in particular, as an era of extraordinary violence. This paper explores one of the most disturbing examples of this objectification of animal life: the global fur trade. I am interested especially in the ways in which literary fiction both bolstered and contested the conceptions of value behind the fur trade’s commodifying processes. How, I ask, do literature and capital entwine in the imagining of animals as resources to be consumed? Simone Rebora (Università di Verona) “It’s as semper as oxhousehumper!” James Joyce’s animalisation of the human Few animals can be met through the works of James Joyce. -
Animal Welfare During Pre-Slaughter
Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin University of Applied Science __________________________________________________________________ Animal Welfare during Pre-Slaughter Julia Ott Bachelor 4. Semester Food Science and Technology E-Mail: [email protected] _________________________________________________________________ Animal Welfare during Pre-Slaughter ___________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents 1.) Introduction ……………………………………………………............2 2.) Dr. Temple Grandin…………………………………………….............2 3.) Sense and Sensibility of Animals 3.1.) Sensibility of Animals……………………………………....3 4.) Animals Feel Pain and Fear 4.1.) Pain and Fear in Animals ………………………………….............3 4.2.) Fear Pheromones…………………………………………....................4 5.) Livestock Handling 5.1.) Vision of Animals…………………………………………..5 5.2.) Light and Shadows…………………………………………5 5.3.) Noise ………………………………………………………6 5.2.) Flight Zone…………………………………………………6 5.3.) Point of Balance……………………………………………7 6.) Achievements of Animal Welfare in Slaughterhouses 6.1.) Cattle Handling 6.1.1.) Cattle Stunning……………………………………........8 6.1.2.) Cattle Vocalisation………………………………….......9 6.2.) Pig Handling 6.2.1.) Pigs Stunning……………………………………….....10 6.2.2.) Pigs Vocalisation……………………………………....11 7.) Recommended Animal Handling Guidelines and Audit Guide 2007 Edition ……………………………………..…..................12 8.) Conclusion……………………………………………………..............13 9.) References………………………………………………………...........14 ___________________________________________________________________________ -
Ingestion and Nutrient Utilization
INGESTION AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION 9·1 VARIATIONS IN NUTRIENT INTAKE There is a continuous flow of nutrients through the metabolic pathways in an animal-range relationship. There is variation in both the ingestion rate and the turnover rate of different forages as the food is processed by the animal. A time lag also occurs in the conversion of forage to metabolically useful energy for activity and tissue synthesis. An analysis of the characteristics associated with ingestion and the subsequent use of food material provides an understanding of the chemical communication between the animal and its range at a fundamental life-support level. SEASONAL VARIATIONS. Wild ruminants exhibit seasonal differences in the rate of ingestion of different forages. The general pattern observed by many investi gators shows a marked drop in consumption that begins ~ n the fall and continues through the winter, with a reversal in the trend in the spring and summer. Males show a greater reduction than females. Silver (unpublished data) reports a 60% decline in intake from September through March for penned adult white-tailed deer on a pelleted diet of grains and alfalfa. Fowler, Newsom, and Short (1967) observed a decline in food consumption of white-tailed deer in Louisiana during the winter, accompanied by a 10% weight loss in bucks and a 3% weight loss in does. A decline in both feeding activity and cedar consumption was recorded for penned animals at the Cusino Wildlife Research Station in Upper Michigan during January and February (Ozoga and Verme 1970). 164 9·1 VAR IATIONS IN NUTRIENT INTAKE 165 Nordan, Cowan, and Wood (1968) have studied the intake of black-tailed deer through several annual cycles, and they observed a very obvious decline in feed intake that begins when male deer exhibit rutting behavior. -
Fear and the Behaviour of Virtual Flocking Animals
Fear and the behaviour of virtual flocking animals Carlos Delgado1 Mata, Ruth Aylett2 [email protected], [email protected] 1University of Bonaterra, Aguasclaientes, Mexico; 2Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK Abstract. The paper investigates the role of an affective system as part of an ethologically-inspired action-selection mechanism for virtual animals in a 3D interactive graphics environment. It discusses the integration of emotion with flocking and grazing behaviour and a mechanism for communicating emotion between animals; develops a metric for analyzing the collective behaviour of the animals and its complexity and shows that emotion reduces the complexity of behaviour and thus mediates between individual and collective behaviour. 1. Introduction Minsky [13] was one of the first to emphasise the importance of emotion for Artificial Intelligence. Since then, research in affective systems for embodied autonomous agents, robotic and graphical, has expanded. Approaches divide into low-level, neuro- physiologically inspired accounts, focusing on sub-symbolic behavioural architectures [5,21], and high-level cognitive science-inspired accounts, focusing on symbolic appraisal-driven architectures [9, 16]. This work concentrates on a low-level account, applied to flocking mammals (sheep, deer), and demonstrates the role of fear as a social regulator between individual and group behaviour. We take the ‘primitive emotions’ namely: anger, fear, disgust, surprise, happiness and sadness, [8] as a plausible set for other mammals than humans, and examine how they can be integrated into an ethologically-based action-selection mechanism. For affective systems to have developed and remain under the pressure of evolutionary selection, they must play a functional role within the overall architecture of animals. -
Unexplained Repeated Pregnancy Loss Is Associated with Altered Perceptual and Brain Responses to Men's Body-Odor
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.06.937029; this version posted February 7, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Rozenkrantz et al Unexplained Repeated Pregnancy Loss is Associated with Altered Perceptual and Brain Responses to Men’s Body-Odor Liron Rozenkrantz*1,2, Reut Weissgross*1,2, Tali Weiss*1,2, Inbal Ravrebi1,2, Idan Frumin1,2, Sagit Shushan1,2,3, Lior Gorodisky1,2, Netta Reshef1,2, Yael Holzman1,2, Liron Pinchover1,2, Yaara Endevelt-Shapira1,2 Eva Mishor1,2, Edna Furman-Haran1,4, Howard Carp5, Noam Sobel1,2 1The Azrieli National Institute for Human Brain Imaging and Research, and 2Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. 3Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel. 4Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. 5Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel *Equally contributing first authors 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.06.937029; this version posted February 7, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Rozenkrantz et al ABSTRACT In the Bruce effect, pregnant mice remember the odor of the fathering male, and miscarry in response to the odor of a male stranger. -
The 10 Most Common Toxicoses in Dogs
Toxicology Brief managing common poisonings in companion animals PEER-REVIEWED The 10 most common toxicoses in dogs Irina Meadows, DVM, and Sharon Gwaltney-Brant DVM, PhD ogs are usually exposed to potentially toxic house- Chocolate hold products and medications accidentally. But 2 Chocolate contains two types of Dsometimes well-intentioned owners unknowingly methylxanthine, theobromine and caf- give their dogs harmful products and medications. To help feine, with their amounts varying de- prepare you for patients with theses toxicoses, we com- pending on the type of chocolate. For piled this list of the 10 most common hazards to dogs, example, milk chocolate contains about based on the number of calls we have received at the 60 mg/oz methylxanthine, dark chocolate about 150 mg/oz, ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) between 2001 and baking chocolate about 450 mg/oz.3 and 2005.1 Clinical signs of chocolate ingestion range from GI upset to cardiovascular effects (e.g. tachycardia, hypertension or hy- Ibuprofen potension, arrhythmias) to CNS signs (e.g. agitation, pacing, hy- 1 Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti- peractivity, tremors, seizures). The toxicity depends on the inflammatory drug with analgesic, anti- type of chocolate, the amount ingested, the size of the animal, inflammatory, and antipyretic effects,2 is and the animal’s sensitivity to methylxanthines. Mild stimula- available in a variety of strengths. The tion such as hyperactivity, agitation, and restlessness may most common over-the-counter occur in dogs ingesting around 20 mg/kg methylxanthine. strength is 200 mg, but the prescription-strength tablets can Cardiotoxicosis may occur in dogs ingesting 40 mg/kg, and contain up to 800 mg ibuprofen. -
Between Species: Choreographing Human And
BETWEEN SPECIES: CHOREOGRAPHING HUMAN AND NONHUMAN BODIES JONATHAN OSBORN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN DANCE STUDIES YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO MAY, 2019 ã Jonathan Osborn, 2019 Abstract BETWEEN SPECIES: CHOREOGRAPHING HUMAN AND NONHUMAN BODIES is a dissertation project informed by practice-led and practice-based modes of engagement, which approaches the space of the zoo as a multispecies, choreographic, affective assemblage. Drawing from critical scholarship in dance literature, zoo studies, human-animal studies, posthuman philosophy, and experiential/somatic field studies, this work utilizes choreographic engagement, with the topography and inhabitants of the Toronto Zoo and the Berlin Zoologischer Garten, to investigate the potential for kinaesthetic exchanges between human and nonhuman subjects. In tracing these exchanges, BETWEEN SPECIES documents the creation of the zoomorphic choreographic works ARK and ARCHE and creatively mediates on: more-than-human choreography; the curatorial paradigms, embodied practices, and forms of zoological gardens; the staging of human and nonhuman bodies and bodies of knowledge; the resonances and dissonances between ethological research and dance ethnography; and, the anthropocentric constitution of the field of dance studies. ii Dedication Dedicated to the glowing memory of my nana, Patricia Maltby, who, through her relentless love and fervent belief in my potential, elegantly willed me into another phase of life, while she passed, with dignity and calm, into another realm of existence. iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my phenomenal supervisor Dr. Barbara Sellers-Young and my amazing committee members Dr. -
Transforming Trauma: Resilience and Healing Through Our Connections with Animals Philip Tedeschi University of Denver
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Purdue University Press Books Purdue University Press Summer 7-15-2019 Transforming Trauma: Resilience and Healing Through Our Connections With Animals Philip Tedeschi University of Denver Molly Anne Jenkins University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/purduepress_ebooks Part of the Health Psychology Commons, and the Veterinary Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Tedeschi, Philip, and Jenkins, Molly Anne, Transforming Trauma: Resilience and Healing Through Our Connections With Animals. (2019). Purdue University Press. (Knowledge Unlatched Open Access Edition.) This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE HUMAN-ANIMAL BOND Series editors: Alan M. Beck and Marguerite E. O’Haire, Purdue University A dynamic relationship has always existed between people and animals. Each influences the psychological and physiological state of the other. This series of scholarly publications, in collaboration with Purdue University’s College of Veterinary Medicine, expands our knowledge of the interrelationships between people, animals, and their environment. Manuscripts are welcomed on all aspects of human-animal interaction and welfare, including therapy applications, public policy, and the application of humane ethics in managing our living resources. Other titles in this series: A Reason to Live: HIV and Animal Companions Vicki Hutton That Sheep May Safely Graze: Rebuilding Animal Health Care in War-Torn Afghanistan David M. Sherman Animal-Assisted Interventions in Health Care Settings: A Best Practices Manual for Establishing New Programs Sandra B. Barker, Rebcca A. Vokes, and Randolph T.